Analysis of bottled water line operators b

Physical-Chemical analysis of bottled water – line operators

Luisa Paula Valente

Types of Bottled Water from Underground Sources

• Well water: Any underground water

• Artesian well water: Underground water under pressure because of a confining layer of rock or clay

• Spring water: Underground water that flows naturally to the surface

• Mineral water: Underground water with high mineral content. Minerals may not be added

• Turbidity• Color• Odor• Taste

1. Organoleptic Parameters

Physical-Chemical Analysis

Organoleptic: you detect it with your senses

Color OdorMineral water may not have any smellOtherwise, it is contaminated except for specific cases (e.g. mineral waters with sulphur)There are “electronic noses” apart from odour panels (people

checking odours)

Turbidity


Taste The bottled water shouldn’t have theoretically any taste but in special cases depending on mineralization and temperature


Sensors - Language Electronics

Sensors set without difficulty basic standards of sweet, salty, sour and bitter tastes at concentrations below the human detection limit

• pH

• Conductivity

• Carbonates

• Sulfates

• Hardness

• Suspended Solids

2. Global Parameters


pHIntroduce a piece of paper in the solution, compare the colour with the standard colours, trying to find a conclusionLike for conductivity there are specific electrodes, which are mostly used

ConductivityIntroduce the electrode in the solution, wait for the value to stabilize

Universal indicator paper

Conductivity meter


[HCl] = 0,0245M

Carbonates

150 mL (Sample)

TA (indicator : phenolphthalein) , pH = 8,3

Pink Colorless

TA = (mg CaCO3/L)

C – volume required in the titration

HCl


[HCl] = 0,0245M

Carbonates (continuing titration)

150 mL (Sample)

TAC (indicator: methyl orange), pH = 4,4

Orange Red

TAC = (mg CaCO3/L)

D – volume required in the the titration

HCl


Sulphates - surge in groundwater by dissolving soil and rock

5 min pause

100 mL (Sample)

+Buffer

[CH3COOH/NaCH3COO] =1,6 M (pH=4,7)

+small portion of BaCl2

read at= 420 nm

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35020406080

100f(x) = 3.5257627119 x − 16.118644068R² = 0.994594038045892

conc (ppm)

Tur-bidime

tro (NTU) 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 350

0.10.20.30.4

f(x) = 0.013305084745763 x − 0.058457627118644R² = 0.998551721227856

f(x) = 0.013305084745763 x − 0.058457627118644

conc (ppm)

Ab-sorvân-cia (nm)


[EDTA] = 0,013M

Hardness - associated with the presence of metal cations, in particular Ca2+ and Mg2+

50 mL of sample

Indicator: ETB

Blue Pink

Hardness = (mg CaCO3/L)

E – volume required in the titration


Total Suspended Solids1. Weight the filter paper (dried in an oven and placed and desiccator until constant weight, B);2. Measure a sample volume (150 mL) and put it over the filter;2. Proceed to the suction of the sample;3. Place in the oven at 103 - 105°C;4. Allow to cool in desiccator to constant weight, A.

mg TSS/L =


3. Anions and Cations


Determined by flame atomic absorption or ionic chromatography

3. Anions and Cations• Anions

F- fluoride

Cl- chloride

HCO3 - hydrogen carbonate or bicarbonate

SO4 2- sulfate

NO2 - nitrite

NO3 – nitrate

hydrosulfide ion HS− and hydrogen sulphide (in sulphurous water)


• Cations

Li+ lithium

Na+ sodium

K+ potassium

Mg2+ magnesium

Ca2+ calcium

Fe2+ and Fe3+ iron

NH4+ ammonium


Quiz Multiple Choice Questions

1- Which are the organoleptic parameters that are used to analyse water?

A. Total Suspended SolidsB. Turbidity, color, odor and pHC. Turbidity, color, odor and tasteD. Conductivity and Alkalinity

2- Which are the global parameteres that are used to analyse water?

A. Turbidity, color, odor and pH B. pH, alkalinity, conductivity, hardness and total suspended solidsC. HardnessD. Turbidity, color, odor and taste

Analysis of bottled water line operators b

Education

Transcript of Analysis of bottled water line operators b