Analysis of a Load Frequency Control Implementation in Swedish Run-Of-river Hydropower Stations -...

8/11/2019 Analysis of a Load Frequency Control Implementation in Swedish Run-Of-river Hydropower Stations - Andreas Wes

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Teknisk- naturvetenskaplig fakultetUTH-enheten

Besksadress: ngstrmlaboratorietLgerhyddsvgen 1Hus 4, Plan 0

Postadress:Box 536751 21 Uppsala

Telefon:018 471 30 03

Telefax:018 471 30 00

Hemsida:http://www.teknat.uu.se/student

Abstract

Analysis of a load frequency control implementation inSwedish run-of-river hydropower stations

Andreas Westberg

The total amount of frequency deviations have during the last decade increasedexponentially in the Nordic synchronous power system. The transmission systemoperators have therefore decided to implement load frequency control as a newautomatic control system to stem these frequency deviations.

The aim of this feasibility study is to analyse the effects of an LFC implementation inSwedish hydropower stations by using a more dynamic river governing. The methodchosen to analyse the effects of LFC-governing was to create a Matlab Simulink hydropower station library including dynamic modules for rivers and turbinegovernors. The library is then used to create a river reach that is implemented in anENTSO-E model for the Nordic frequency reserves. The governing of the river useseconomical dispatch theory to optimally distribute a LFC setpoint signal from theENTSO-E model to the different hydropower stations.

Results show that the developed method has a future potential to create morefrequency controlled reserves. By creating a central governing unit it was possible togovern frequency controlled reserves over an entire river reach under certainscenarios, but there are still many obstacles to overcome before an actualimplementation. The method does however show both the possibilities and drawback of frequency controlled reserves in cascade coupled hydropower systems.

Key words: Hydropower, power system, frequency controlled reserves, loadfrequency control, Matlab Simulink

ISSN: 1650-8300, UPTEC ES12004Examinator: Kjell Pernestlmnesgranskare: Urban Lundin

Handledare: Niklas Dahlbck


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19/113

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T a a ca a LFC PI ac a c aE a a c F 14.

F 14: EN O E LFC 100 H . (EN O E 2011 , .80)


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26

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acc . T ca c c a aa a .

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4.2

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. 33.

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4.2.1 T a LFC b a :

Wa : U /L , / a c a


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P : M / a c a .

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ca ac . T a a

. 34 +

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T b ab a b acc a c a

a . F a a a c a a .

Sa a a a a a P. T a a a a a ab c a a a LFC a

a c a . W a a . T a c a ca c a a :

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a b . T a ca ca c a b

. 40 ( + = = ( +< ( > (

. 41 ( =< ( > (6 T c () a S L ab P . Q a a (SOPT ab , 4.1.4 T

c )


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( = < ( > (

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a a c a a c c .

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a . 47.. 47 , ,

4.2.2 T a c a a a a b

a a

P a a a

S ac a

F , a c a , . 48, . 49 a a c a c a a a a ac a a LFC a a , . 50.

. 48 = +

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. 50 = W c a c b c b b ,

a a A A.6 LFC b .


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4.2.2.1 T a a c , . 51, LFC c

a b a a a a c :

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= ,

= ac [1]

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E . 53 = =

S b . 52 E . 53

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= 4.2.2.2 T ac a a c , . 56, ca a , a a a , b

a b a c c .

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LFC = ac c a LFC [ ] = ac [1]

A = ac a a [2]Q b = a c a [3/ ]

T a c acc c a b ca b

. 57 = = B a a a a a , a

a a a a ca b c a .


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, a a c .

T LFC b a a a a LFC a ;

a a a c a .

T a a LFC a a 30 MW +30 MW. A ca bc b a a b a , F 27.

F 27: LFC . .


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T a a c a a c a . F a ab a b .

S ac : M = 0.5 , N = 0.05 a S = 0.05 .

S a c Q0=500 3/ .

LFC a : 50 +60 MW.

A ca F 28 b LFC a , b a a a cc a a ac a b c b

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b a a a a c bM a N a c . B a LFC

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F 29: LFC M . LFC .

.

4.3 7 T a a a a a c LFC a c a a c ca c a LFC a a , D c b 6 a , 5.2 S a

a a . T a b a b a a a S a K a a a ,

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. 72 8

. 73

P c = LFC a a [MW]RK c = FCR a c [SEK/MW ]N P S c = N S c a [SEK/MW ] = a ac [ ]H = a ac a [ ]T = a a [ ]

7 I b a a TSO a c a . T a ca c a .

8 T c a b ca SEK/MW .

=t

pricetot

LFC income t T t RK t P SEK )()3600/)()((

=

t price plan

i

netHead i station

i

faceloweredSur i station

loss t T t ot NordPoolSpt P H

hSEK )()3600/)()((

,

,


40/113

40

5 T c a c b a a a a b c b

a a . A a a b , ca b A C S a .

5.1

5.1.1 F J a a ac I a a J a a a

ac c a ; H , Ka a G a b a c a ac c Tab 1.

1: G J Hissmofors Kattstrupefors Granbofors

Pmax [MW] 68 62 24minimum discharge [m 3/s] 50 50 50maximum discharge [m 3/s] 440 440 440maximum head [m] 20 18 6reservoir volume 14515 [DU] 9 830 [HU] 10 142 [HU]reservoir regulationscapacity [m] 2,75 0,75 0,25river travel time [min] - 2 2

5.1.2 F Va a a ac I a a J a a a T ac c a ; M , N a S

a c a ac c Tab 2.

2: G Midskog Nverede Stugun

Pmax [MW] 155 67 48minimum discharge [m 3/s] 100 100 100maximum discharge [m 3/s] 650 670 675maximum head [m] 27 13 7.3reservoir volume [HU] 4800 50 280reservoir regulationscapacity [m] 0,6 0,1 0,1

river travel time [min] - 11 45

9 1 [DU] = 1 a = a 1 3/ a a = 24 [ ] *3600 [ / ] * 1 [3/ ]10 1 [HU] = 1 = a 1 3/ a = 3600 [ ] * 1 [3/ ]


41/113


42/113

42

F 30: EN O E . A M D

.

T c c c a a a a ac aca ac , ca a , ca c b a ca ab a

a , a a a a . T a c a b a a a A 2, Ma 3 a D c 6 c

I c a a a c a , a ac a a a b ac . U a a a a

c a ; ca c a a aa .11 B ca , a a c c a a a b c a b

a a . T c a a c a b a c a b a a a .

T a a a c b FNR a FDR a a a a a a LFC a FDR a

ca ac a FDR a a c . F .

F a c c a ac a a aA B I a / a .

5.3 T c Va a ac , F aA C S a . T ac a c b ca a a ca c a a a a ca ac , c

b a b ac a a c a . (B 2011)

F ac a c a a b c a :

11 D a a a a acc ENTSO E a . I a c a a a c a a b c . T a

a a c a b c Ma ab ac S b c .


43/113


44/113


45/113

45

F 33: LFC = ON, 2010 12 06 . M M , N .

F 34 a F 35 a ac a ac c . Ta c a c a M a FCR

F 34 ca a ac b LFC a ac a b . T b a M a S c

c a a a N . T a a N a a N c F 38. O a a ; a c a a c. A N a c

c c a c a a S a c a

F 34: LFC = OFF, 2010 12 06 . A M , N LFC LFC .

, M , LFC +

.


46/113

46

I F 35 ca c ac a LFC a FCR a a M LFC c c a a a

FCR a a a c . O ca a LFC a a b a c c a c ca a , 6.2.1 Ac

a a .

F 35: LFC = ON, 2010 12 06 . A M , N LFC LFC .

LFC FCR F 34.

T c a LFC a a a c b F 36 a F 37. Ta c a c a a b

(Q ) a (Q ) a a ac a .

F 36: LFC = OFF, 2010 12 06 . R ( M , ), .


47/113

47

F 37: LFC = ON, 2010 12 06 . R M , ), .

F a ab , ac ca b , FF 39. T a a c a a c a

. F F 38 a b a a N ac b a a

FCR a a M . T c a b c a b Na FCR a b ac .

F 38: LFC = OFF, 2010 12 06 . R M , N .


48/113

48

F 39: LFC = ON, 2010 12 06 . R M , N .

F a , D c 6, a c ca ca c a a a a acc a c

. 72 a . 73.

F 40: A LFC M (RK , RK ) 2010 12 06.

3 2010A a b , / c a a ac b c . F a a c c c b D c b 6 2010.


49/113

49

T a a a a a a c a Q0=3103/ , M FCR aa a a LFC a .

F 41: LFC = OFF, 2010 05 03 , M M , N .

F 42: LFC = ON, 2010 05 03 , M M , N .


50/113

50

F 43: LFC = OFF, 2010 05 03 , R M , N .

F 44: LFC = OFF, 2010 05 03 , R M , N .

A ca F 44 b ac S . Ta 6.1 M a .

2 2010T a c a c a a Q0=75 3/ .


51/113


52/113

52

F 47: LFC = OFF, 2010 08 02 , R M , N .

T a F 47 c a N F 102. I c a a a ac a

F 48: LFC = ON, 2010 08 02 , R M , N .

A a a a b ac c b c a .


53/113

53

6 T c a c a c a a

a , a a a c a .

6.1 6.1.1 A b b a a a c a

a c .

1 Ta c c a a c c . T a

a c b c c a b a a a c a a c b a a . I b c a

a a b a a a b .

2 . T a

c a ca c a . I b a a . 60 . 62, a a Q. I b a a a c a a , b b

a a c a a ac a ca a M .

3 . T a c a c a c a a c a

a . I a a a a c a c a c ac b a a ab a ca a c .

4 , , .T a ca c c a

a a a a a ac b a c c . T a b c a a a

b . T a c c b a a , a (J 2009).

5 A T

a b ab a a , a . A a

ca b c a b a a ac a .

6 , T

b a a a ca c (B a 2009

H a a 2011; M 2011).


54/113

54

7 FC +/ . I a c b b c +/ 10 MW a

b c c a a FRR a . W a a a c b b b a c b a .

6.1.2 T c b a a a a b b ab

b c ac a a a a c bT ac a a c a a c a a

a a b . S a a b c a b ab a a a c c b

a c b a b c .

F a b c ca b :

1 I a a c . T a a a c c a a ac

c a .

2 U c a a c c a (E 2004) a a .

6.1.3 T LFC a a b acc a c a :

1 T a a c LFC c aa b a a a a c

2 T ac a a c c c a a a , b a

c a b a c c . A c c a a a c a a b

a a a c c 13. I ca a b a a a a (Z 2009, a .4.2.3; V a . . 2010).

T a LFC b a a c a a caa (MPC) a b a acc a a a b a a + FC b c

a a a a c a ac b , a a . A a a a a

a a a a a LFC a a +/ 10 a b a , b FC ac a

a . T a a a a , a ab c LFC a .

13 S c c Y = P/Q = c c / a = [MW /3].


55/113

55

a a a b bac , c a a ac , a

( C).

A a Va a ac Ma 3 a A 2 a ac a a . T acc ac a

b acc . 67, a a a a 1 N 1 b a a c a ac a ac . T ab

ac a , b a a b . T ac c b a ca LFC a a . F c a

ba a c c b a a ac , a a a a

a . T a a a a c b a b c b ca b b b

a b a b b b . T

a b a .

T a b a ab a a Va a a A 2, A C.2 Va a A 2 2010. T

a b ca b a c , a 30 , LFC b a . D a , a a c a a

a a a .

6.1.4 I a c a a a c a a c

c a ENTSO E . I b a a a ba a c c a ac ba a c a a

a ca (ENTSO E 2011b, c.2.8.2).

T c a a a c a , c a a ac a a a c c a c b a

W c a a c c a a a a , a c c a a a a a a c a a . T a a

a a a c a a c a ac a a

T a a a a a a . T a a a a c LFC a a a . A a

a J a D c b 6 a LFC a a H a c a a Q0=380 3/ , a Q0=350 3/

c a a ca ac .

I a a a a ca ac FCR (FNR+FDR) a LFC a c b a a ac ac

ca ac . F a LFC a FDR ac , aa FDR a FNR a LFC a . S Aa a ac . LFC a FDR ac a a


56/113


57/113

57

F a a a a c a . T a c a ; a c a

a b a a a a , a a a c ac c a . T b ab b

c a c a c a ac a ac a a

6.2

6.2.1 T a a a c b a a ca b a ac

a a LFC a ;FCR LFC ac a aa .

T b a a LFC FCR a a c a LFC . T a a a a a ac a

a a c LFC c a c ba a a a a a ab a ca .

O a ca b a a FCR, LFC c a ab a a FCR. T a LFC

a a a a a c a a b c c c a . T a LFC a

a c a a b a a . a a c a a ac c a b a b a a

a b . T a b b a c a a a a .

T c b a a ac LFC a , a bc c a c c a a a b ;

a a N S a ELBAS . A a aa a c b a LFC a FDR a a

ac ac a a c .

6.2.2 A c , LFC a b c c aa a c c a a a b c a b c a

a a a a ac a . T a a b c a , MW , a LFC .

T a a a b c a ac b c a a . T ca b b a a

c a a a a a c a , F 6a c a , F 97F 105F 113.

T c c c a cc a a a b , c a a . P b a c c


58/113

58

a a , c a ca , a . I a ba ca a ba a .

6.2.3 T a b a c a LFC a

a c a a c ( a ) ac a . I a c a .

W LFC a ac a b a a ac , b a a a a c

ac a a c a a . T ac a a b a c

a b a a a a a a .

F a Ma 3, A 2 a D c 6 a c a A a a ba a c Ma a D c b a a

b a ba a c , F ! H .. I c acc a a F ! H . a F 49 a c a . T

a c a , Ma D c b , a a a acc a c a , a a ab a . T acc a c a c a a acc

ba a c .

F 49: A M D LFC . B

.

T A a ba a c c a ba a c a LFC a a a c ca b F 4


59/113


60/113


61/113

61

LFC a . I a b b a b FLFC a a a FDR c a

ba a c (ENTSO E 2007, c a . A 2) c a caa c . T b LFC a a F

a .

T a a a a a a b ac ac a . T c b a b a a a

b a b a b a c c ca b a .

T c a a c a b . A a a b a

b ca a a a ab a a c b a a b a . T a a ab a a a c , ca a , c ca a c.

7 T a c a c c c b

ac , c a c b c c , b a c . A a c a a a

c a c a a . A a a c a ac a a c a a

N c TSO .

W a a c b a a , a a a a

a . A

.

A a c a a c a a a c c a a a ac a a . I a

a a c c a a , b ca aa b . N a a a a c c c c a a a ca c ;

a .

T a b a a a a c b a a a c a b ab c b a a c LFC . U

c c c ca b a a a a


62/113

62

B , P.B., H b , W.C. & V , B.E., 2008.H , P c Ha .

B a , H., 2009. F C , S .B a , H. & H a a, T., 2011.I A G C , CRC P .

M , P., 2011. 2 ., H aba I a ;L : BSP b ca ;CRC P .

Z , J., 2009. , J W & S .

E , K., 2004. S I ca I a C a O a UA a ab a : :// . b. / ? = : b : : : a 88916 [ a D c b2011].

D Ja , E. . ., 1994. H b a c .IEEE , 9(4), .1709 1715.

J , E., 2009. S a a a a a a . A a ab a ::// . b. / ? = : b : : : a 113284 [ a D c b 7, 2011].

K , A.D., 2009. A a a c a 70 a M .H J , 54, .43 61.

V a , K., P , N. & ac, D., 2010. O a b a c c a . I2010 IEEE I I E (I IE). 2010 IEEE

I a a S I a E c c (ISIE). IEEE, 286 291.

Ac , S. & Ra c , W., 2007. C D a 2.0.3 U Ma a . A a ab a : :// ..c / /IUT/c a /.

ENTSO E, 2011a. ANALYSIS & REVIEW OF REQUIREMENTS FOR AUTOMATIC RESERVES IN THENORDIC SYNCHRONOUS SYSTEM.

ENTSO E, 2011b. ANALYSIS & REVIEW OF REQUIREMENTS FOR AUTOMATIC RESERVES IN THENORDIC SYNCHRONOUS SYSTEM S M c .

ENTSO E, 2007. N c G C 2007 N c c c .

H , C. M., 2006. M a , b c a a a ARISTO.

IEEE S a a C , 1991. IEEE R c D T A a c GC E c c P S .

N . , 2011. a a Na a c . A a ab a ::// . . / a / a a # [ b 9, 2011].

N AS, 2011. N Ma . A a ab a ::// . a a c .c / a / a / [ c b 7, 2011].

S b , E., 2011. N a a a a a ab a .


63/113

63

S E , 2011. K a S . A a ab a ::// . . / a /S a /K a %C3%A4 / a . [ a

N b 9, 2011].

UCTE, 2009. P1 P c 1: L a F c C a P a c [C]. A a ab a ::// . . / a / _ a /_ b a / b ca /c / /P c 1_ a .

B , E., 2011. R , F G a AB.

B c , C., 2011. NORDEL R , S a K a .

Da b c , N., 2011. H a c a c , Va a AB.

Da , ., 2011. M S ac , Va a AB.

. A a ab a ::// c 2. .c /VICAIRE/ _1b/c a _5/ a . [S b 14, 2011].

VICAIRE, 2011. VICAIRE M 1B C a 5. . A a ab a : :// c 2. .c /VICAIRE/ _1b/c a _5/ a . J 06, 2012

Va a . , 2011. Va a V a . A a ab:// . a . / [ a D c b 7, 2011].

Ka , R., 2011, Va a AB.


64/113

64

F 50: M . M , N .

.

W a c , a ac cF 50 a c Va a ac M S .

c a c a , F 51.


65/113

65

F 51: I

.1

F 52: H , /

I :

P_ [MW] a b

_ a [H ] c FCR a b

Q_ _ [3/ ] c a


66/113

66

O :

A b

I a a ab :

S a c a a c a a ac b a c a a a c a a .

.2

F 53: R , /

I :

Q [ 3/ ],

O :

Q [ 3/ ], a b

V_ a _ [3], a a

I a a ab :

T_ [ ] a a a c a ac

T a [ ] M a ab

[ ] c a


67/113


68/113

68

.4

F 55: G : I/O

I :

_ a [H ] a c

P_ [MW]

O :

P_ c [MW] a c a ca c

P( )_ c [MW] a FCR a

I a a ab : K [ ] T b a a

T [ ] T b a c a

[ . .] T b

Pba [MW] Ba a

_ [H ] c

P a [MW] a


69/113

69

P [MW]

.5

F 56: , I/O

I :

P_ c [MW] b c a ca

O

Q_ b [3/ ] b

I a a ab :

SOPT ab a c a c (Q_ b ) c (P_ c )


70/113

70

.6

F 57: LFC , I/O

I :

P_LFC_ [MW] a LFC a a TSO SCADA H_ _UP [ ] c c a a a a ca ac

H_ _DOWN [ ] c c a a a a ca

V_ _ a [ 3] a a ac a

O

P_LFC_ a [MW] c ac a

P_LFC[MW] c ac a c LFC a

P_LFC_ _OUT [MW] c a a TSO SCADA

a cL a [ ] B a ca a a c a ac

a cL a [ ] B a ca a a c a a

a [MW] c a LFC a ac a

[MW] c LFC a ac a


71/113

71

I a a ab :

P a R [MW] c a a a LFC a

P R [MW] c a a LFC a

P a [MW] c a a a c T_LFC [ ] LFC a a

A_ a [ 2] c a a ac a

A_ a [1/MW2] c a a

B [c /MW] c a b c c

N [ ] b a

SOPT [MW a 3

/ ] c , c 4.1.4 T_ [ ] c a a a c ac

T a a c , . 74, LFC c

a b a a a a c :

. 74 = Pba = ba c a , a ac a [MW]

= ac [1]

. 74 ca a b a

. 75 = =

= 0 00 0 00 = 0 00 0 00

= a ac [1]W a c b a a c b a a ca ca c a


72/113

72

E . 76 =

=

. 77 =

= S b E . 76 a . 78 E . 53

. 78 = + +

=

= = . 78 ca b b

. 79

= T ac a a c , . 56, ca a , a a a , b

a b a c c .

. 80 = = H = a a ca ac [ ]

LFC = ac c a LFC [ ] = ac [1]

A = ac a a [2]Q b = a c a [3/ ]

T a c acc b ca b . 3.

. 81 = = B a a a a a , a a a a ca b c a .


73/113


74/113


75/113

75

/

.1 T c a a c a c a ac a a c a

J a a ca b F 58. F Ma 3 a A 2 a

c a a a a a c a a . F D c a a c a b LFC a , H a a a ca ac

acc ca c a .

F 58: P J M 3 2010

F 59: P J A 2 2010

T c a a a a c a a a a a a a b a a c a a c . T a

c a a a ab .

Jmtkraft, 2010-05-03

020

4060

80

100120

1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23

time [h]

p l a n n e

d f l o w

[ m 3 / s ]

Hissmofors, 2010-05-03

Katts trupefors, 2010-05-03

Granbofors, 2010-05-03

simulated Q0, 2010-05-03


050

100150200

250300

1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23

time [h]

p l a n n e

d f l o w

[ m 3 / s ]


Katts trupefors, 2010-08-02




76/113

76

F 60: P J D 6 2010

T a J a a a Tab 4.

4: I J , / .

Jmtkraft 2010-05-03 2010-12-06Hissmorfors Kattstrupefors Granbofors Hissmorfors Kattstrupefors Granbofors

Q0 [m3/s] 180 180 180 350 350 350h0 setpoint [m] 2.25 0.1 0.1 2.25 0.1 0.1ep [p.u.] 0.1 1,0 1,0 0.04 1,0 1,0Pmin [MW] 8.13 3.55 1.3 35.6 35.6 29,0PminReg [MW] 8.8 3.8 1.3 39,0 37,0 30.2Pplan [MW] 16.25 11.4 4.7 60.6 50.1 18.7PmaxReg [MW] 32.3 14.5 13.3 65.3 59.4 23.1Pmax [MW] 33,0 14.8 13.3 68.7 60.6 23.1Regulation limit FDR FDR - FDR FDR -

2010-08-02Hissmorfors Kattstrupefors Granbofors

Q0 [m3/s] 280 280 280h0 setpoint [m] 2.25 0.1 0.1ep [p.u.] 0.1 1,0 1,0Pmin [MW] 8.13 3.55 1.3PminReg [MW] 8.8 3.8 1.3Pplan [MW] 12.7 7.6 3.1PmaxReg [MW] 32.4 14.5 13.3Pmax [MW] 33 14.8 13.3Regulation limit FNR FNR -

.3 F Va a ac a a a a Ma 3, A 2 aD c b 6 2010. T a c a a Va a a

a c c a a a c a , F 61, F 62 a F 63.


050

100150200250300

350400450

1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23

time [h]

p l a n n e

d f l o w [ m

3 / s ]


Kattstrupefors, 2010-12-06




77/113

77

F 61: D M 3 2010

F 62: D A 2 2010

F 63: D D 6 2010

T c a a A 2 a b c a c a aa . T a a a ac b

050

100150200250300350400

1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 p

l a n n e

d d i s c h a r g e

[ m 3 / s ]

time [h]

Vattenfall 2010-05-03

Midskog, 2010-05-03

Nverede, 2010-05-03Stugun, 2010-05-03simulated Q0, 2010-05-03

0100200300400500

1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 p

l a n n e

d d i s c

h a r g e

[ m 3 / s ]

time [h]

Vattenfall, 2010-08-02

Midskog, 2010-08-02Nverede, 2010-08-02Stugun, 2010-08-02simulated Q0, 2010-08-02

0100200300400500600

1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 p l a n n e d

d i s c h a r g e

[ m 3 / s ]

time [h]

Vattenfall, 2010-12-06

Midskog, 2010-12-06Nverede, 2010-08-02

Stugun, 2010-08-02simulated Q0, 2010-12-06


78/113

78

a a , 1.1 P c a . T a a a 3/ b a M a b a a a

(Da 2011) a ca a c a ac 150 3/ a a c .

T a Va a a a Tab 5.

5: I , / .

VATTENFALL 2010-05-03 2010-12-06Midskog Nverede Stugun Midskog Nverede Stugun

Q0 [m3/s] 310 310 310 500 310 310h0 setpoint [m] 0.5 0.05 0.05 0.5 0.05 0.05

ep [p.u.] 0.1 1,0 1,0 0.1 1,0 1,0Pmin [MW] 56.95 10.7 24.09 99.87 36.6 24.09

PminReg [MW] 62.25 10.7 24.10 103.07 36.6 24.10Pplan [MW] 74.31 33.9 24.1 118.8 53.1 38.33

PmaxReg [MW] 92.1 35.7 47.93 152.13 66.6 47.93Pmax [MW] 97.4 35.7 47.93 155.33 66.6 47.93Regulation

limit FNR - - FNR - -2010-08-02Midskog Nverede Stugun

Q0 [m3/s] 390 310 310h0 setpoint [m] 0.5 0.05 0.05

ep [p.u.] 0.1 1,0 1,0Pmin [MW] 56.95 36.6 24.09

PminReg [MW] 59.15 36.6 24.10Pplan [MW] 92.92 42,0 30.56

PmaxReg [MW] 95.2 66.6 47.93Pmax [MW] 97.4 66.6 47.93Regulation

limit FNR - -

.3 F F a a a , 2010 12 06. T a c aa a c a a c a a a

c a a c ac (F 117, F 118 a F 119) b ab c a a a c c a a ac a .


79/113

79

F 64: D F M 3 2010.

F 65: D F A 2 2010

F 66: D F D 6 2010 Q0

T a F a acc a c Tab 6.

020406080100

120140160180

1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23

p l a n n e d

d i s c

h a r g e

[ m 3 / s ]

time [h]

Fortum 2010-05-03

Sveg

Byaforsen

KrokstrmmenLngstrmmenStorstrmmen

020406080

100120140160180200

1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23

w a t e r

f l o w

[ m 3 / s ]

hour [h]

Fortum 2010-08-02

Sveg

Byaforsen

Krokstrmmen

Lngstrmmen

Storstrmmen

jeforsen

0

50

100150

200

250

1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23

p l a n n e d

d i s c h a r g e

[ m 3 / s ]

time [h]

Fortum 2010-12-06

SvegByaforsen

KrokstrmmenLngstrmmenStorstrmmenjeforsensimulated Q0


80/113


81/113

81

.1

3 2010

F a c a ab a b c a . T a b

a ( . 4.9) a a ac a (T ca b a .

F 67: LFC = OFF, 2010 05 03 , M H , K G .

F 68: LFC = ON, 2010 05 03 , M H , K G .


82/113

82

F 69: LFC = OFF, 2010 05 03 , A H , K G .

F 70: LFC = ON, 2010 05 03 , A H , K G . LFC .15

15 A ca ac a G a b b aa b a a c c 6.1.


83/113

83

F 71: LFC = OFF, 2010 05 03 , R ( H ), .

F 72: LFC = ON, 2010 05 03 , R ( H ),

.


84/113

84

F 73: LFC = OFF, 2010 05 03 , R H , KG . .

F 74: LFC = ON, 2010 05 03 , R H , KG . .


85/113

85

2 2010

F 75: LFC = OFF, 2010 08 02 , M H , K G .

F 76: LFC = ON, 2010 08 02 , M H , K G .16

16 A =16 ca c a a ca a ab , c 6.1.


86/113

86

F 77: LFC = OFF, 2010 08 02 , A H , K G .

F 78: LFC = ON, 2010 08 02 , A H , K G . LFC .17

17 A ca ac a G a b b aa b a a c c 6.1.


87/113

87

F 79: LFC = OFF, 2010 08 02 , R ( H ),

.

F 80: LFC = ON, 2010 08 02 , R ( H ),

.


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88

F 81: LFC = OFF, 2010 08 02 , R H , KG . .

F 82: LFC = ON, 2010 08 02 , R H , KG . .


89/113

89

2010

F 83: LFC = OFF, 2010 12 06 , M H , K G .

F 84: LFC = ON, 2010 12 06 , M H , K G .


90/113


91/113


92/113

92

F 89: LFC = OFF, 2010 12 06 , R H , KG . .

F 90: LFC = ON, 2010 12 06 , R H , KG . .


93/113

93

F 91: A LFC .


94/113


95/113

95

F 94: LFC = OFF, 2010 05 03 , A M , N.

F 95: LFC = ON, 2010 05 03 , A M , N. LFC .18

18 A ca ac a S b a . F a a / S a b a a ca a a a bab

a a a a . T a a b a a c


96/113


97/113

97

F 98: LFC = OFF, 2010 05 03 , R M , N .

F 99: LFC = ON, 2010 05 03 , R M , N .


98/113

98

2 2010

F 100: LFC = OFF, 2010 08 02 , M H M , N .

F 101: LFC = ON, 2010 08 02 , M M , N .19

19 A =4 ca c a a ca a ab , c 6.1.


99/113


100/113

100

F 104: LFC = OFF, 2010 08 02 . R ( M , ),

.

F 105: LFC = ON, 2010 08 02 . R ( M , ), .


101/113

101

F 106: LFC = OFF, 2010 08 02 , R M , N .

F 107: LFC = ON, 2010 08 02 , R M , N .


102/113

102

2010

F 108: LFC = OFF, 2010 12 06 , M H M , N .

F 109: LFC = ON, 2010 12 06 , M M , N .


103/113


104/113

104

F 112: LFC = OFF, 2010 12 06 . R ( M , ), .

F 113: LFC = ON, 2010 12 06 . R ( M , ), .


105/113

105

F 114: LFC = OFF, 2010 12 06 , R M , N

.

F 115: LFC = ON, 2010 12 06 , R M , N .


106/113

106

F 116: A LFC .


107/113

107

.3 F F a a a , 2010 12 06. T a c aa a c a a c a a a

c a a c ac (F 117, F 118 a F 119) b ab c a a a c c a a ac a .

F 117: D F M 3 2010.

F 118: D F A 2 2010

F 119: D F D 6 2010 Q0

Fortum 2010-05-03

020406080

100120140160180

1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23

hour [h]

w a

t e r

f l w o

[ m 3 / s ] Sveg

ByaforsenKrokstrmmenLngstrmmenStorstrmmenjeforsen

Fortum 2010-08-02

0

50

100

150

200

1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23

hour [h]

w a

t e r

f l o w

[ m 3 / s ]

Sveg

Byaforsen

KrokstrmmenLngstrmmen

Storstrmmenjeforsen

Fortu]m 2010-12-06

0

50

100

150

200

250

1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23

time [h]

w a

t e r

f l o w

[ m 3 / s ] Sveg

ByaforsenKrokstrmmen

LngstrmmenStorstrmmen

jeforsenQ0 2010-12-06


108/113

108

2010

F 120: LFC = OFF, 2010 12 06 , M , B , KL , .

F 121: LFC = ON, 2010 12 06 , M H , BK , L , .


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109

F 122: LFC = OFF, 2010 12 06 , A , BK , L , .

F 123: LFC = ON, 2010 12 06 , A , BK , L , . LFC


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110

F 124: LFC F . .

F 125: LFC = OFF, 2010 12 06 , R ( ),


111/113

111

F 126: LFC = ON, 2010 12 06 , R ( ),

.

F 127: LFC = OFF, 2010 12 06 , R , BK , L , .

.


112/113

112

F 128: LFC = ON, 2010 12 06 , R , BK , L , . .

F 129: A LFC .


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T a a b b S a K a , S a , Va a , F a J a a I a

. F a LFC c ac b .

C B c ; O a a D a Ba a c c / a c a c

E L b ; C , IKT

N a Da b c ; Va a P c

Ka a a B a ; Va a R D

J a P ; Va a R D

R a Ka ; Va a R D

R H ; Va a H

J a A a ; Va a A O a N c

E B ; F G a

Ma J ; E D

A a W a ; E D

Analysis of a Load Frequency Control Implementation in Swedish Run-Of-river Hydropower Stations -...

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Transcript of Analysis of a Load Frequency Control Implementation in Swedish Run-Of-river Hydropower Stations -...