*ANALISIS DESAIN SISTEM

INFORMASI

MUH.AFDAN SYARUR

CHAPTER.2

*Learning Objectives

Discuss the analytical skills, including systems thinking, needed for a systems analyst to be successful

Describe the technical skills required of a systems analyst

Discuss the management skills required of a systems analyst

Identify the interpersonal skills required of a systems analyst

Describe the systems analysis profession

*Analytical Skills for Systems Analysis

*Four Sets of Analytical Skills

*Systems Thinking

*Organizational Knowledge

*Problem Identification

*Problem Analyzing and Solving

*Systems Thinking

*System

*A system is an interrelated set of business procedures used within one business unit working together for a purpose

*A system has nine characteristics

*A system exists within an environment

*A boundary separates a system from its environment

*Organizational Knowledge

*Understanding of how organizations work

*Knowledge of specific functions and procedures of organization and department

*How work officially gets done

*Internal policies

*Competitive and Regulatory Environment

*Organizational Strategies and Tactics

*Problem Identification

*Problem: Difference between an existing situation and a desired situation

*Identification is process of defining differences

*Differences are defined by comparing the current situation to the output of a model that predicts what the output should be

*Problem Analyzing and

Solving

*Four Phases*Intelligence*All relevant information is collected

*Design*Alternatives are formulated

*Choice*Best alternative solution is chosen

*Implementation*Solution is put into practice

*Technical Skills for Systems

Analysis

*Constant re-education is necessary as technology changes rapidly*Activities to keep skills up-to-date*Trade publications

*Professional societies

*Attend classes or teach at a local college

*Attend courses sponsored by organization

*Conferences and trade shows

*Browse Websites

*Participate in new groups and conferences

*Management Skills for Systems

Analysis

*Four categories

*Resource Management

*Project Management

*Risk Management

*Change Management

*Resource Management

*Systems analyst needs to know how to get the most out of the resources of an organization, including team members*Includes the following capabilities*Predicting resource usage

*Tracking resource consumption

*Effective use of resources

*Evaluation of resource quality

*Securing resources from abusive use

*Relinquishing resources when no longer needed

*Project Management

*Two Goals*Prevent projects from coming in late

*Prevent projects from going over budget

*Assists management in keeping track of project’s progress*Consists of several steps*Decomposing project into independent tasks

*Determining relationships between tasks

*Assigning resources and personnel to tasks

*Risk Management

*Ability to anticipate what might go wrong in a project

*Minimize risk and/or minimize damage that might result

*Placement of resources

*Prioritization of activities to achieve greatest gain

*Change Management

*Ability to assist people in making transition to new system

*Ability to deal with technical issues related to change

*Obsolescence

*Reusability

*Interpersonal Skills for Systems

Analysis

*Mastery of interpersonal skills is paramount to success as a Systems Analyst

*Four types of skills:*Communication skills

*Working alone and with a team

*Facilitating groups

*Managing expectations

*Communication Skills

*Effective communication helps to establish and maintain good working relationships with clients and colleagues

*Skills improve with experience

*Three types used by Systems Analyst*Interviewing and Listening

*Questionnaires

*Written and Oral Presentations

*Interviewing and Listening

*Means to gather information about a project

*Listening to answers is just as important as asking questions

*Effective listening leads to understanding of problem and generates additional questions

*Questionnaires

*Advantages:

*Less costly than interviews

*Results are less biased due to standardization

*Disadvantages

*Less effective than interviews due to lack of follow-up

*Written and Oral Presentations

*Used to document progress of project and communicate this to others*Communication takes several forms:*Meeting agenda

*Meeting minutes

*Interview summaries

*Project schedules and descriptions

*Memoranda requesting information

*Requests for proposals from vendors and contractors

*Oral presentations

*Steps to Improving

Communication Skills

*Practice

*Conduct a training class

*Volunteer to speak

*Videotape presentation and do a self-appraisal of your skills

*Make use of college writing centers

*Take classes on business and technical writing

*Career Paths

*Consulting

*Information Systems within a large corporation

*Software vendors

*Other opportunities outside of systems analysis

*Summary

*Skills of a Successful Systems Analyst (Continued)

*Management

*Resources

*Projects

*Risk

*Change