Ana maria oviedo skills for the future in the caribbean
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Transcript of Ana maria oviedo skills for the future in the caribbean
in the CaribbeanAna Maria Oviedo
Human Development, Latin America and the CaribbeanThe World Bank
Skills for the
Did you know that…
It is estimated that in the U.S. today’s students will have 10 to 14 jobs…
By age 38…
Today, 1 in 4 workers have been with their employer for less than one year…
Over 1/2 have been with their employer for less than 5 years….
The top 10 jobs that will be in demand in 2020 do not exist yet…
How can we prepare students for jobs that don’t yet exist?
Using technologies that haven’t been invented?
To solve problems that we know nothing about?
We live in exponential times…
Did you know?
There are over 88 billion searches made in Google each month….
More than 1.8 zettabytes (1.8 trillion gigabytes) of information were created and stored in 2011 (enough to fill 57.5 billion 32GB Apple iPads) …
The amount of information is doubling every 2 years….
For students starting a technical or college degree this means that…
Half of what they learn in their first year will be outdated by their 3rd year…
What does it all mean?
We live in a fast-changing world, how well are we preparing our young people to face it?
Caribbean countries have made impressive progress in providing education to their people…
Education trends
99
6
8
4
99
02
46
81
0Y
ears
of e
du
catio
n
1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010
Barbados Belize
Dominican Rep. GuyanaHaiti JamaicaTrinidad and Tobago
Source: Barro and Lee (2010)
Today young people have close to complete secondary school in most of the Caribbean …
Source: Barro and Lee (2010)
Dominican Rep.
Barbados Haiti Belize Trinidad and Tobago
Guyana Jamaica0
10
20
30
40
50
60
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
Schooling of youth 15-24
Secondary complete (%) Tertiary (%) Avg. yrs. (r. axis)
Perc
enta
ge
But…is the system working?
The majority of youth have low academic performance
Source: CXC (2012)
Pass rates, CSEC, 2008
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
0.620.60 0.59
0.49 0.48 0.47 0.46 0.45 0.44 0.44
0.35
0.28
0.39
0.480.45
0.47
0.400.44
0.63
0.41
0.340.37
0.330.31
English A Math
Pass r
ate
Do students make the best choices?
V.S.
Do they have the skills they need? Secondary education is
academically- oriented Many secondary graduates do not
master basic skills Few labor market-oriented courses Little career counseling Little help to transition to work
Is the education system in a bubble?
IS EDUCATION PAYING OFF IN THE CARIBBEAN?
Most workers are still employed in traditional sectors
Agriculture15%
Construction & utilities7%
Mining0%
Financial & insurance services
2%
Hotels & restaurants6%
Manufacturing10%
Transport, storage & communi-cations
7%
Wholesale & retail22%
Public administration5%
Other services (incl. Education, Real es-
tate)25%
DR, Jamaica, St. Lucia
More education brings better pay, but few opportunities
<200 [201 - 399]
[400 - 799]
[800 - 1,199]
[1,200 -
1,999]
[2,000 -
3,999]
[4,000 -
5,999]
> 6,000
0%5%
10%15%20%25%30%35%40%45%50%
St. Lucia monthly income (ECD)
Primary or less
Secondary incl. incomplete
More than secondary
Total
Dis
trib
uti
on
Prim
ary or
less
Seco
ndar
y in
cl. inc
o...
Mor
e th
an se
cond
ary
Tota
l0%
10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%
100%
St. Lucia occupations
Public employee Private Employee
Apprentice Self-employed
Unpaid Family Worker Other
For many educated workers there are few options outside the public sector and education…
And workers still face high unemployment…
05
10
15
20
Ave
rag
e un
emp
loym
ent,
200
0s
St. Lu
cia
Domini
can
Repub
lic
Jam
aica
Domini
ca
Guyan
a
Grena
da
Surina
me
Belize
Antigu
a an
d Bar
buda
Trinida
d an
d Tob
ago
Latin
Am
erica
& C
aribb
ean
Turks
and
Caic
os Is
lands
St. Kitts
and
Nev
is
Source: World Development Indicators (2012)
Unemployment rates, Caribbean & LAC
Especially youth…
14 - 19 20 - 24 25 - 34 35 - 44 45 - 54 55 - 64 65 and over
TOTAL0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Jamaica
Total Male Female
Perc
ent
15-19
20-24
25-29
30-34
35-39
40-44
45-49
50-54
55-59
60-64
Total0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
St. Lucia
Primary or less Secondary
More than secondary
Do their job opportunities match their aspirations? High reservation
wages and career goals
Migration prospects Family/social support
system might delay independence
Too few jobs!
What skills do employers value?
45%
47%
68%
77%
79%
82%
86%
86%
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
Computer skills
Dependability
Taking individual responsibility
The ability to work well on teams
Communication skills
Problem solving / efficiency
Work ethic
Honesty/integrity
Source: CKLN (2005)
Do firms invest in them?
Small Medium Large0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%Percentage of firms that offer training
Caribbean Rest LAC
Source: Enterprise Surveys (2010)
So…what do we need to ask? How do we build comprehensive skills at
all levels of schooling? How do we make sure children are not
“left behind”? How do we give more value (social and
economic) to technical skills/professions? How do we take advantage of the global
economy (also a global labor market)? [Migration vs. brain drain]
How do we create more jobs domestically?
Thank [email protected]