A&P II 2016 Exam 3 Name _______________________________________________

1) The primary function of the lymphatic system is A) the transport of hormones. B) circulation of nutrients and dissolved gases. C) defending the body against both external and internal threats. D) the production and distribution of plasma proteins. E) the production and maturation of leukocytes. Answer: CLearning Outcome: 22-2Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

2) The lymphatic system is composed of all of the following except A) lymphatic vessels. B) the venae cavae. C) the spleen. D) lymph nodes. E) lymph. Answer: BLearning Outcome: 22-2Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

3) All of the following are true of the thymus gland except that it A) activates B cells. B) reaches its greatest relative size during the second year of life. C) involutes after puberty. D) produces T cells. E) lies in the anterior mediastinum. Answer: ALearning Outcome: 22-2Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

4) In general, lymphocytes A) spend most of their time in lymphatic tissue. B) have relatively short life spans. C) have two nuclei. D) are produced and mature only in red bone marrow. E) are located primarily in the blood stream.Answer: ALearning Outcome: 22-2Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

5) The cells directly responsible for cellular immunity are the ________ cells. A) B B) plasma C) helper T

D) cytotoxic T E) suppressor T Answer: DLearning Outcome: 22-2Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

6) The cells responsible for humoral immunity are the ________ cells. A) NK B) B C) helper T D) cytotoxic T E) suppressor T Answer: BLearning Outcome: 22-2Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

7) Lymphocytes A) are actively phagocytic. B) destroy red blood cells. C) respond to antigens. D) are primarily found in red bone marrow. E) decrease in number during infection. Answer: CLearning Outcome: 22-2Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

8) Lymphocytes may be found in which of the following tissues or organs?A) tonsils B) spleen C) lymph nodes D) thymus E) All of the answers are correct.Answer: ELearning Outcome: 22-2Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

9) Lymphatic vessels commonly occur in association with A) hyaline cartilage. B) blood vessels. C) adipose tissue. D) sensory nerve endings. E) both blood vessels and adipose tissue. Answer: BLearning Outcome: 22-2Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension

10) If the thymus shrank and stopped making thymosins, we would expect to see an immediate decrease in the number of A) B lymphocytes. B) NK cells. C) T cells. D) neutrophils. E) red blood cells. Answer: CLearning Outcome: 22-2Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension

Figure 22-1 The Structure of a Lymph Node

Use Figure 22-1 to answer the following questions:

11) Identify the structure labeled "1." A) efferent lymphatic vessel

B) venule C) arteriole D) afferent lymphatic vessel E) lymphatic nodule Answer: DLearning Outcome: 22-2Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

12) Identify the structure labeled "3." A) deep cortex B) capsule C) subcapsular space D) trabeculae E) outer cortex Answer: BLearning Outcome: 22-2Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

13) Identify the dominant cell type in the area labeled "4." A) T cells B) B cells C) erythrocytes D) platelets E) All of the answers are correct. Answer: ALearning Outcome: 22-2Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

14) Identify the structure labeled "6." A) medulla B) cortex C) capsule D) trabeculae E) cortical sinus Answer: BLearning Outcome: 22-2Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

15) Inflammation produces localized A) swelling. B) redness. C) heat. D) pain. E) All of the answers are correct.Answer: ELearning Outcome: 22-3Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

16) Histamine increases blood flow and vascular permeability. This would account for all of the following changes that occur during inflammation except A) redness of the inflamed tissue. B) chemotaxis of phagocytes. C) heat of the inflamed tissue. D) movement of defense proteins and cells into the interstitial space. E) swelling of the inflamed tissue. Answer: BLearning Outcome: 22-3Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension

17) The cells that perform immunological surveillance are the ________ cells. A) NK B) plasma C) B D) helper T E) suppressor T Answer: ALearning Outcome: 22-3Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

18) Cytotoxic T cells can attack target cells with which of the following chemical weapons?A) secrete strong acidB) secrete organic solvent C) secrete free radicalsD) secrete a cytokine that triggers apoptosisE) secrete mutant proteins that get incorporated into the target's DNAAnswer: DLearning Outcome: 22-4Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension

19) Adaptive defenses depend on the activities of A) monocytes. B) leukocytes. C) agranulocytes. D) erythrocytes. E) lymphocytes. Answer: ELearning Outcome: 22-4Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

20) In passive immunity, the A) immune system attacks normal body cells. B) body is deliberately exposed to an antigen. C) body receives antibodies produced by other humans. D) body receives antibodies produced by an animal.

E) body receives antibodies produced by other humans or by an animal. Answer: ELearning Outcome: 22-4Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

21) Interleukins do all of the following except A) increase T-cell sensitivity to antigens exposed on macrophage membranes. B) stimulate B-cell activity, plasma cell formation, and antibody production. C) stimulate inflammation. D) elevate body temperature. E) stimulate collagen synthesis. Answer: ELearning Outcome: 22-4Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

22) Cells that help regulate the immune response are ________ cells. A) B B) plasma C) helper T D) cytotoxic T E) NK Answer: CLearning Outcome: 22-5Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

23) Which of the following about MHC proteins is false? A) bind complement B) allow the body to differentiate its own cells from foreign cells C) function in antigen presentation D) fall into two major classes E) are found on all nucleated cells Answer: ALearning Outcome: 22-5Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

24) When an antigen is bound to a Class II MHC protein, it can activate a ________ cell. A) plasma B) helper T C) NK D) suppressor T E) cytotoxic T Answer: BLearning Outcome: 22-5Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

25) Helper T cells do all of the following except

A) trigger B-cell division, plasma cell maturation, and antibody production. B) provide a rapid response to a future exposure to the antigen. C) enhance production of memory and cytotoxic T cells. D) attract macrophages to the affected area. E) enhance nonspecific defenses. Answer: BLearning Outcome: 22-5Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

26) Immunoglobulins that are most abundant and are responsible for resistance against many viruses, bacteria, and bacterial toxins are A) IgA. B) IgD. C) IgE. D) IgG. E) IgM. Answer: DLearning Outcome: 22-6Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

27) Immunoglobulins that attach to and sensitize mast cells and basophils are A) IgA. B) IgD. C) IgE. D) IgG. E) IgM. Answer: CLearning Outcome: 22-6Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

28) Immunoglobulins that are found on the surface of B cells and that may activate antibody production are A) IgA. B) IgD. C) IgE. D) IgG. E) IgM. Answer: BLearning Outcome: 22-6Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

29) CD8 markers are to ________ T cells as CD4 markers are to ________ T cells. A) suppressor; cytoxicB) cytoxic; helperC) helper; suppressorD) NK; cytoxicE) plasma; NK

Answer: BLearning Outcome: 22-5Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension

30) The alternative pathway of complement activation is sometimes called the ________ pathway. A) properdinB) interferonC) inflammatoryD) infectiousE) memoryAnswer: ALearning Outcome: 22-5Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

31) The respiratory epithelium of the conducting airways consists of A) pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium. B) moist cuboidal epithelium. C) simple squamous epithelium. D) ciliated squamous epithelium. E) stratified squamous epithelium. Answer: ALearning Outcome: 23-1Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

32) The portion of the pharynx that receives both air and food is the A) nasopharynx. B) oropharynx. C) esophageal pharynx. D) aeropharynx. E) internal pharynx. Answer: BLearning Outcome: 23-2Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

33) The nasal cavity is separated from the oral cavity by theA) hard palate.B) soft palate.C) cribriform plate.D) internal nares.E) pharyngeal septum.Answer: ALearning Outcome: 23-2Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

34) Which of the following is not a function of the nasal mucosa?

A) warming the incoming airB) trapping particulate matter C) dehumidifying the incoming airD) cooling outgoing air E) None of the answers is correct; all of these are functions of the nasal mucosa.Answer: CLearning Outcome: 23-2Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension

35) An acute infection of the throat that can lead to swelling and closure of the glottis and cause suffocation is known as A) laryngitis. B) laryngospasm. C) acute epiglottitis. D) strep throat. E) acute pharyngitis. Answer: CLearning Outcome: 23-3Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension

36) During swallowing, the A) intrinsic laryngeal muscles contract. B) extrinsic laryngeal muscles contract. C) glottis closes. D) epiglottis is depressed.E) All of the answers are correct.Answer: DLearning Outcome: 23-3Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension

37) The actual sites of gas exchange within the lungs are the A) bronchioles. B) terminal bronchioles. C) spaces between the parietal and visceral pleura. D) respiratory membranes of the alveoli. E) interlobular septa. Answer: DLearning Outcome: 23-5Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

38) The respiratory membrane of the gas exchange surfaces consists of A) pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium. B) moist cuboidal epithelium. C) simple squamous epithelium. D) ciliated squamous epithelium. E) surfactant cells. Answer: C

Learning Outcome: 23-5Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

39) When there is no air movement, the relationship between the intrapulmonary and atmospheric pressure is that A) they are equal. B) intrapulmonary pressure is greater than atmospheric. C) atmospheric pressure is less than intrapulmonary. D) atmospheric pressure is more than intrapulmonary. E) intrapulmonary pressure is less than atmospheric. Answer: ALearning Outcome: 23-6Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension

40) External respiration involves the A) movement of air into and out of the lungs. B) diffusion of gases between the alveoli and the circulating blood. C) exchange of dissolved gases between the blood and the interstitial fluid. D) binding of oxygen by hemoglobin. E) utilization of oxygen by tissues to support metabolism. Answer: BLearning Outcome: 23-6Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension

41) What occurs if intrapulmonic pressure is 763 mm Hg? A) hyperventilation B) exhalation C) pause in breathing D) apnea E) inhalation Answer: BLearning Outcome: 23-7Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension

42) During exercise, which of the following contract for active exhalation? A) rectus abdominis and internal intercostal muscles B) diaphragm and internal intercostal muscles C) rectus abdominis and diaphragm muscles D) diaphragm and external intercostal muscles E) pectoralis major and serratus anterior muscles Answer: ALearning Outcome: 23-7Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

43) Air moves out of the lungs when the pressure inside the lungs isA) less than the pressure in the atmosphere.B) greater than the pressure in the atmosphere.

C) equal to the pressure in the atmosphere.D) greater than intraalveolar pressure.E) less than intrapulmonic pressure.Answer: BLearning Outcome: 23-7Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension

Figure 23-2 Mechanics of Ventilation

Use Figure 23-2 to answer the following questions:

44) Which muscle(s) produce(s) the movement labeled "1"? A) rectus abdominis B) internal intercostals C) external intercostals D) diaphragm E) both rectus abdominis and external intercostalsAnswer: CLearning Outcome: 23-7Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension

45) What is the relationship between the pressures at label "3"? A) P outside = P inside B) P outside > P inside C) P outside < P inside D) P outside + P inside E) P outside - P inside Answer: BLearning Outcome: 23-7Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension

46) What pressure will be present in the space labeled "4"? A) alveolar pressure B) interpleural pressure C) subalveolar pressure

D) intrapleural pressure E) atmospheric pressure Answer: DLearning Outcome: 23-7Bloom's Taxonomy: Application

47) What is the relationship between the pressures at label "8"? A) P outside = P inside B) P outside > P inside C) P outside < P inside D) P outside + P inside E) P outside - P inside Answer: CLearning Outcome: 23-7Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension

48) Which muscle(s) contract(s) to cause the movement indicated by the arrows labeled "6" and "7"? A) rectus abdominis B) internal intercostals C) external intercostals D) diaphragm E) both rectus abdominis and internal intercostalsAnswer: ELearning Outcome: 23-7Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension

49) Henry's law states that A) gas volume and temperature are directly proportional. B) gas volume and pressure are inversely proportional. C) the volume of gas that will dissolve in a solvent is proportional to the solubility of the gas and the gas pressure. D) in a mixture of gases such as air, the total pressure is the sum of the individual partial pressures of the gases in the mixture. E) gas pressure is inversely proportional to gas volume. Answer: CLearning Outcome: 23-8Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

50) Decompression sickness is a painful condition that develops when a person is exposed to a sudden drop in atmospheric pressure. Bubbles of ________ gas are responsible for the problem. A) nitrogen B) oxygen C) carbon dioxide D) helium E) carbon monoxide Answer: A

Learning Outcome: 23-8Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension

51) Each of the following factors affects the rate of external respiration except the A) PO2 of the alveoli. B) PCO2 of the blood. C) thickness of the respiratory membrane. D) PN2 of the alveoli. E) solubility of oxygen in plasma. Answer: DLearning Outcome: 23-8Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension

52) The partial pressure of oxygen in atmospheric air at sea level is A) greater than the partial pressure of oxygen in atmospheric air at the top of Mt. Everest. B) less than the partial pressure of oxygen in atmospheric air at the top of Mt. Everest.C) equal to the partial pressure of oxygen in atmospheric air at the top of Mt. Everest.D) equal to the sum of partial pressures from carbon dioxide and nitrogen. E) None of the answers is correct. Answer: ALearning Outcome: 23-8Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

53) When does oxyhemoglobin form during respiration? A) during external respiration B) immediately after carbon dioxide enters the blood C) when the chloride shift occurs D) during pulmonary ventilation E) during internal respiration Answer: ALearning Outcome: 23-9Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension

54) Which of the following factors would increase the amount of oxygen discharged by hemoglobin to peripheral tissues? A) decreased temperature B) decreased pH C) increased tissue PO2 D) decreased amounts of DPG E) All of the answers are correct. Answer: BLearning Outcome: 23-9Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension

55) Low pH alters hemoglobin structure so that oxygen binds less strongly to hemoglobin at low

PO2. This increases the effectiveness ofA) external respiration.B) internal respiration.C) carbon dioxide transport.D) hemoglobin synthesis.E) acid-base balance.Answer: BLearning Outcome: 23-9Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

56) Hemoglobin's affinity for oxygen when the BPG level is high isA) greater than hemoglobin's affinity for oxygen when the BPG level is low. B) less than hemoglobin's affinity for oxygen when the BPG level is low. C) equal to hemoglobin's affinity for oxygen when the BPG level is low. D) equal to hemoglobin's affinity for oxygen when pH is low.E) None of the answers is correct. Answer: BLearning Outcome: 23-9Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

57) The term hypercapnia refers to A) the cessation of breathing. B) elevated PCO2. C) elevated PO2. D) an increase in pH. E) labored breathing. Answer: BLearning Outcome: 23-10Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

58) The apneustic centers of the pons A) inhibit the pneumotaxic and inspiratory centers. B) provide stimulation to the inspiratory center. C) monitor blood gas levels. D) alter chemoreceptor sensitivity. E) generate the gasp reflex. Answer: BLearning Outcome: 23-10Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

59) Breathing that involves active inspiratory and expiratory movements is called A) eupnea. B) hyperpnea. C) diaphragmatic breathing. D) costal breathing.

E) shallow breathing. Answer: BLearning Outcome: 23-10Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension

60) The normal rate and depth of breathing is established by the ________ center(s). A) apneustic B) pneumotaxic C) DRG and VRG D) expiratory E) ventral respiratory Answer: CLearning Outcome: 23-10Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

Xtra Credit (1 point Each)

1) T is to ________ as B is to ________. A) top-located; bottom-located B) thymus-dependent; bone marrow-derived C) thyroid-drawn; bowel-developedD) non-thymus-dependent; bottom-located E) trabeculae-descended; bursa-origin Answer: BLearning Outcome: 22-2Bloom's Taxonomy: Application

2) During a primary humoral response to antigens all of the following occur except A) B cells may differentiate into plasma cells immediately. B) B cells may undergo several rounds of mitosis before producing plasma cells and memory cells. C) antibody levels do not peak until 1 to 2 weeks after the initial exposure. D) neutrophils invade the surrounding areas, releasing chemotactic substances. E) the first immunoglobulins to appear in circulation are of the IgM type. Answer: DLearning Outcome: 22-4Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

3) Damage to the phrenic nerves would A) increase respiratory rate. B) increase the tidal volume.

C) force reliance on costal breathing. D) result in greater pressure differences between the lungs and the outside air. E) have little effect on ventilation. Answer: CLearning Outcome: 23-10Bloom's Taxonomy: ApplicationLearning Outcome: 23-1Bloom's Taxonomy: Application

4) During a choking episode, most foreign objects are lodged in the ________ bronchus due to its larger diameter and steeper angle. A) right primary B) left primary C) right secondary D) left secondary E) medialAnswer: ALearning Outcome: 23-4Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension

5) While playing in an intramural football game, Joe is tackled so hard that he breaks a rib. He can actually feel a piece of the rib sticking through the skin and he is having a difficult time breathing. Joe is probably suffering from A) a collapsed trachea. B) an obstruction in the bronchi. C) a pneumothorax. D) decreased surfactant production. E) a bruised diaphragm. Answer: CLearning Outcome: 23-7Bloom's Taxonomy: Application