An update from the SU2C ovarian cancer dream team · DNA Repair Dream Team Impacting Ovarian Cancer...
Transcript of An update from the SU2C ovarian cancer dream team · DNA Repair Dream Team Impacting Ovarian Cancer...
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An update from the SU2C ovarian cancer dream team
Alan D’Andrea, M.D.The Fuller-American Cancer Society Professor
Co-Leader, SU2C Dream Team on Ovarian CancerDirector, Susan F. Smith Center for Women’s Cancer
Dana-Farber Cancer InstituteHarvard Medical School
Boston MA.
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Alan D’Andrea, MDDana-Farber Cancer Institute
Elizabeth Swisher, MDUniversity of Washington School of Medicine
DNA Repair Therapies for Ovarian Cancer
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Alan D’Andrea, MD Elizabeth Swisher, MD
Gini Fleming, MD Maria Jasin, PhD Scott Kaufmann,
MD, PhD
Karen Lu, MD
OVARIAN CANCERDREAM TEAM
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DNA Repair Dream TeamImpacting Ovarian Cancer Mortality Through Novel Therapies and Prevention
Therapy Prevention
TEAM SCIENCE
Advocacy
University of Washington • Dana Farber Cancer Institute • Mayo Clinic • University of Chicago • MD Anderson • Memorial Sloan-Kettering
CDKi + PARPiPI3Ki + PARPiATRi + PARPi
MAGENTAWISP
Crase • Polinsky • Gavin
Elizabeth Swisher Alan D’Andrea Scott Kaufmann Gini Fleming Karen Lu Maria Jasin
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Aim 1: Basic Science
Mechanisms of Sensitivity and Resistance to PARPi
SU2C-OCRFA-NOCC Ovarian Cancer Dream Team Grant
Aim 2: Clinical trials with novel therapies
Aim 3: Clinical trials
Novel Drug Combinations to Extend PARPi Use
OC Risk Assessment and Prevention
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Aim 1Mechanisms of Sensitivity and Resistance to PARPi
SU2C-OCRF-OCNA-NOCC Ovarian Cancer Dream Team Grant
Rationale:• 50% of Serous OC
have DNA Repair (HR) Deficiency
• Olaparib approved for OCwith BRCA1/2 mutations
• Need for identifying additionalOC with PARPi sensitivity
• Need to identify mutations in other genes which cause OC
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An enzyme Involved in DNA repair
Binds directly to DNA damage
Recruits other proteins to the site of DNA repair
Ovarian Tumors are Hyperdependent on PARP
Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP)
Lig3XRCC1
PolßPNK
Modified from Alan Ashworth
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www.fanconi.org
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9900 insA
7691 insAT + - + + - -
- + + - + +
BRCA2 is a Fanconi Anemia Gene
Breast
Cancer
Ovarian
Cancer
F
A
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Discovery of the Fanconi Anemia/BRCA DNA Repair Pathway
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Discovery of the Fanconi Anemia/BRCA DNA Repair Pathway
Mutations in any of these 20 genes:1) Identify Tumors which will respond to a PARPi2) Identify Women at risk of developing OvCancer
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Aim 1: Basic Science
Mechanisms of Sensitivity and Resistance to PARPi
SU2C-OCRFA-NOCC Ovarian Cancer Dream Team Grant
Aim 2: Clinical trials with novel therapies
Aim 3: Clinical trials
Novel Drug Combinations to Extend PARPi Use
OC Risk Assessment and Prevention
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Aim 2 objective:
Extend PARP inhibitor efficacy to
HR-proficient tumors
HR-PROFICIENT HR-DEFICIENT
Agents that inhibit HR
PARP - Inhibitor
+
PARPi + CDKi – Aim 2A
PARPi + PI3Ki – Aim 2B
PARPi + ATRi – Aim 2C
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PARPi + PI3Ki – Aim 2BPreclinical
Ibrahim et al. Cancer Discov 2012, Juvekar et al. Cancer Discov 2012, Rehman et al. Cancer Discov 2012
0 7 1 4 2 1
0
5 0 0
1 0 0 0
1 5 0 0
2 0 0 0
2 5 0 0
3 0 0 0
E f f i c a c y S t u d y i n D F - 8 3 l u c O v C a P D X
D a y s
Bio
lu
min
es
ce
nc
e
Fo
ld
o
ve
r b
as
elin
e
V e h i c l e
O l a p a r i b ( 1 0 0 m p k )
B Y L 7 1 9 ( 5 0 m p k )
O l a p a r i b + B Y L 7 1 9
D o s i n g
Wulf G, Liu J, Palakurthi S, Matulonis U
Mouse Models demonstrate that a PARP inhibitorand a PI3K inhibitor are synertistic
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PARPi + PI3Ki – Aim 2BPhase 1
* 3 patients were excluded due to missing lesion diameters at baseline and follow
up
10 out of 27 patients with relapsed OC
had partial responses to this drug combination
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New Clinical Trial Added to SU2C Portfolio:
Niraparib + Pembrolizumab (NCT02657889)
PARP-
Inhibitor
May increase
Mutational and
Neoantigen Load
May increase cell
death and
inflammation resulting
in improved CD8+ T
cell infiltration and
expression of immune
checkpoints
May Increase
Response to
Immune
Checkpoint
Blockade
(New Catalyst Program at SU2C)
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PARPi + immune
checkpoint blockade
Catalyst project
Phase 1/2 Trial of Niraparib with Pembrolizumab
in Recurrent Ovarian or TN-Breast Cancer
Screening
sign IC
Start treatment 8 weeks 12 weeks Development
of PD
Baseline
Biopsy
On
Treatment
Biopsy
Biopsy
upon
ProgressionP. Konstantinopoulos
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Importance of Functional Tests in Predicting PARPi
Resistance: Generation of Ovarian Cancer Organoid Cultures
tumor
7-10 days
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Fresh Ovarian Tumor Cells on DAY 1
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High Grade Serous Ovarian Tumor Organoids-Day 7
These organoids (microtumors) can be directly tested for their sensitivity to new drugs
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Aim 1: Basic Science
Mechanisms of Sensitivity and Resistance to PARPi
SU2C-OCRFA-NOCC Ovarian Cancer Dream Team Grant
Aim 2: Clinical trials with novel therapies
Aim 3: Clinical trials
Novel Drug Combinations to Extend PARPi Use
OC Risk Assessment and Prevention
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Aim 3OC Risk Assessment and Prevention
SU2C-OCRF-OCNA-NOCC Ovarian Cancer Dream Team Grant
Rationale:• 20% of OC caused by germline
mutations in OC genes• RRSO effective at decreasing
OC mortality in high-risk women• Genetic testing underutilized• Not all women willing to undergo
RRSO prior to menopause
Defining OC Gene Risk Genetic Risk Assessment Surgical Prevention
Wildtype 80%
BRCA1 9.5%
BRCA2 5.1%
Other OCgene 4%
(Walsh et al, PNAS, 2011)
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Aim 3OC Risk Assessment and Prevention
SU2C-OCRF-OCNA-NOCC Ovarian Cancer Dream Team Grant
Rationale:• 20% of OC caused by germline
mutations in OC genes• RRSO effective at decreasing
OC mortality in high-risk women• Genetic testing underutilized• Not all women willing to undergo
RRSO prior to menopause
Defining OC Gene Risk Genetic Risk Assessment Surgical Prevention
Wildtype 80%
BRCA1 9.5%
BRCA2 5.1%
Other OCgene 4%
Aim 3A Aim 3B MAGENTA Aim 3C WISP
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Aim 3OC Risk Assessment and Prevention
SU2C-OCRF-OCNA-NOCC Ovarian Cancer Dream Team Grant
Rationale:• 20% of OC caused by germline
mutations in OC genes• RRSO effective at decreasing
OC mortality in high-risk women• Genetic testing underutilized• Not all women willing to undergo
RRSO prior to menopause
Defining OC Gene Risk Genetic Risk Assessment Surgical Prevention
Wildtype 80%
BRCA1 9.5%
BRCA2 5.1%
Other OCgene 4%
Aim 3A Aim 3B MAGENTA Aim 3C WISP
Genes in the Fanconi Anemia/BRCAPathway
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Aim 3A: Case/control evaluation for gene discovery and to determine risk associated with OC susceptibility genes
Aim 3A: Defining Ovarian Cancer Gene Risk
Increased OC patients sequenced (2221 patients to date)
No good publically available control population
Sequenced 10,000 cancer free women from WHI for breast and ovarian cancer susceptibility genes
Created Flossies database for public access
URL: https://whi.color.com/
SU2C-OCRF-OCNA-NOCC Ovarian Cancer Dream Team Grant
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BRCA1 and BRCA2Important DNA Repair Genes
SU2C-OCRF-OCNA-NOCC Ovarian Cancer Dream Team Grant
• 16% of ovarian cancer is caused by inherited mutationsin BRCA1 and BRCA2
• BRCA1 mutations: 40% lifetime risk of OC
• BRCA2 mutations: 20% lifetime risk of OC
• 50–80% lifetime risk of breast cancer
• Olaparib is a PARP inhibitor approved for recurrent OC with BRCA1/2 mutations (after 3 previous lines of treatment)
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BRCA1
BRCA2
BRIP1
PALB2RAD51D
RAD51CMMRBARD1
Historical Understanding of Hereditary Susceptibility to Ovarian Cancer1/5 of Inherited Mutations for OC
Are in Genes Other than BRCA1 or BRCA2
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BRCA1
BRCA2
BRIP1
PALB2RAD51D
RAD51CMMRBARD1
Historical Understanding of Hereditary Susceptibility to Ovarian Cancer1/5 of Inherited Mutations for OC
Are in Genes Other than BRCA1 or BRCA2
These are other Genes in the FanconiAnemia/BRCAPathway
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• All women with ovarian cancer should have genetic
testing
A Family Gift
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Why should all women with ovarian
cancer have Genetic Testing?
• Identifies cancer risk to other organs
• Allows other family members to know they are at risk
• 1/3 of inherited OC occurs in women with no family
history of breast or ovarian cancer
• 40% of inherited OC occurs in women who are not
younger than typical.
• Knowing your genetic status may be important for
choosing therapy
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SU2C-OCRF-OCNA-NOCC Ovarian Cancer Dream Team Grant
Defining OC Gene Risk Genetic Risk Assessment Surgical Prevention
Aim 3A Aim 3B MAGENTA Aim 3C WISP
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Relative with known mutationCascade testing
(Group 2, N=750)
TARGET Population:
Personal history BCor family history BC/OC
(Group 1, N=2,250)
• Women without ovarian cancer• Age ≥30• No prior genetic testing
Assess how well we can deliver genetic testing for breast and ovarian cancer risk to women in their living room
GOAL
SU2C-OCRFA--NOCC Ovarian Cancer Dream Team Grant
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Complete the eligibility
questionnaire to find out if
you’re eligible
Read and electronically
sign the online consent
Complete baseline
questionnaires
Provide family history
information and begin
genetic testing process
through Color Genomics1
Receive kit in the mail,
provide saliva, and send back
Receive genetic test
results
Complete questionnaires after receiving your genetic test results
Pre-genetic testing education or
counseling over the phone
Post-genetic testing report or counseling
over the phone2
1 Color Genomics owns and operates a CLIA licensed and CAP-accredited laboratory in California, U.S.A. that will be performing the genetic testing. 2All participants with a positive test result will receive genetic counseling over the phone
• 3 months
• 1 year• 2 years
MAGENTA Study Timeline
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Challenges– Regulatory:– Online Consent
• 1st study at MD Anderson that uses online consent • Distress Plan• How can you provide support to someone who is distressed over the
results they are receiving?– Setting up triggers through the questionnaires
– Legal:– Ordering physician: Practicing medicine across state lines– Genetic counseling: Licensing
• Using genetic counselors from Color Genomics
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SU2C-OCRF-OCNA-NOCC Ovarian Cancer Dream Team Grant
Defining OC Gene Risk Genetic Risk Assessment Surgical Prevention
Aim 3A Aim 3B MAGENTA Aim 3C WISP
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The Tubal Hypothesis
A majority of serous ovarian and peritoneal carcinomas are actually seeded from cancer cells from the tubal epithelium
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WISPSU2C-OCRF-OCNA-NOCC Ovarian Cancer Dream Team Grant
Inclusion Criteria: • Age 30–50• Premenopausal• Known mutation in OC gene
Scripted counseling on recommended age for oophorectomy
IntervalSalpingectomy
DelayedOophorectomy
RRSO
SECONDARY Outcomes: • Vasomotor symptoms (MRS)• Psychological symptoms (HADS)• Pathological results (TIC, carcinoma)
PRIMARY Outcome: Sexual Function (FSFI)
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Study Design
270 evaluable patients recruited into one of two arms
–Arm 1: interval salpingectomy with delayed oophorectomy (ISDO) with approximately 135 patients
– Arm 2: risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy (RRSO) with approximately 135 patients.
– Patient self-select arm, but MDs are mandated to recommend RRSO for BRCA1 carriers at age 40 and BRCA2 carriers at 45, if choose to delay BSO, then must reiterate that recommendation yearly.
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SU2C-OCRFA-NOCC Ovarian Cancer Dream Team Grant
RECOMMENDATIONS FOR HIGH-RISK
WOMEN
Women at increased risk of ovarian cancer
based on a genetic mutation are
recommended to undergo removal of the
fallopian tubes and ovaries (RRSO) by age
40 for BRCA1 and by age 45 for BRCA2.
For gene mutations including MLH1,
MSH2, MSH6, PMS2, BRIP1, RAD51C,
and RAD51D, there are recommendations
to consider RRSO, although age is not
specified.
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SU2C-OCRFA-NOCC Ovarian Cancer Dream Team Grant
GOAL OF TRIAL
To determine whether interval
salpingectomy, followed by delayed
oophorectomy (ISDO) can improve sexual
functioning and menopausal symptoms
compared to standard risk-reducing
salpingo-oophorectomy (RRSO).
ELIGIBILITY
Pre-menopausal women between the ages
of 30 and 50 with a documented mutation
in one of the following eleven (11) ovarian
cancer genes: BRCA1, BRCA2, BRIP1,
PALB2, RAD51C, RAD51D, BARD1,
MSH2, MSH6, MLH1, or PMS2.* (ie,
genes in the Fanconi Anemia/BRCA
Pathway)
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SU2C-OCRFA-NOCC Ovarian Cancer Dream Team Grant
CHOICE 1: RISK-REDUCING
SALPINGO- OOPHORECTOMYThe removal of both ovaries and the fallopian tubes
•This is standard of care
•Most effective preventative measure: reduces the
•risk of ovarian cancer by 85-90%
•Can also reduce the risk of breast cancer
•If no personal history of breast cancer, can
•take hormone replacement therapy to reduce
menopausal symptoms
•WHAT ARE THE DOWNSIDES? •Causes menopause, symptoms of which include
hot ashes, night sweats, vaginal dryness, mood
changes and sleep disturbances
•Premature menopause may also increase the risk
of other important health conditions, such as
osteoporosis and cardiovascular disease
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SU2C-OCRFA-NOCC Ovarian Cancer Dream Team Grant
CHOICE 2: INTERVAL SALPINGECTOMY
WITH DELAYED OOPHORECTOMYThe removal of the fallopian tubes, while temporarily
delaying the removal of the ovaries
• Not yet proven to be effective at preventing ovarian cancer
• Retains ovaries, which helps delay the onset of menopause
• Avoiding premature menopause decreases the risk of some health conditions
Research indicates that not all ovarian cancers
originate in the fallopian tubes, so this surgery is
not as effective in reducing risk as a salpingo-oophorectomy
May develop ovarian cancer
Requires a second surgery to remove the ovaries Not likely to reduce the risk of breast cancer
WHAT ARE THE DOWNSIDES?
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SU2C-OCRF-OCNA-NOCC Ovarian Cancer Dream Team Grant
•Mayo ClinicRochester, MN
•UW MedicineSeattle, WA
•
•
MD AndersonHouston, TX
UC MedicineChicago, IL
•MSKCCNew York, NY
•Dana-Farber
Boston, MA
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SU2C-OCRF-OCNA-NOCC Ovarian Cancer Dream Team Grant
•Mayo ClinicRochester, MN
•UW MedicineSeattle, WA
•
•
MD AndersonHouston, TX
UC MedicineChicago, IL
•MSKCCNew York, NY
•Dana-Farber
Boston, MA
StanfordPalo Alto, Ca•
NYU
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WISP enrollment to date
68%
20%
3%3% 5% 3%
Distribution of Mutations
BRCA1 BRCA2 RAD51C
PMS2 MSH6 MSH2
Mutation
Number of Patients
BRCA1 27BRCA2 8RAD51C 1PMS2 1MSH6 2MSH2 1
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SU2C-OCRF-OCNA-NOCC Ovarian Cancer Dream Team Grant
DNA Repair Dream TeamStrengths of DNA Repair Dream Team
Diverse, complementary team of investigators from six world class institutions
Novel therapeutic interventions for delivering near-term patient benefit
Potential for reducing OC mortalitythrough prevention
Application of new basic science mechanisms to DNA repair profiling
Biopsies from clinically-annotated PARPi trials
Recent olaparib, rucaparib, niraparib approval
Industry collaborations
Committed advocates
SU2C-OCRFA-NOCC Ovarian Cancer Dream Team Grant
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Take home messages
Defective DNA Repair in OvCA is a fundamental vulnerability of this cancer
There is a lot of serendipity in science
Need to support basic and clinical research simultaneously with a wide range of investigators
Need to focus more on early detection, identification of women at risk, and prevention strategies
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Thank You!
• GOAL: Eliminate death and suffering from ovarian cancer
• Requires everyone working together; patients and families, advocates, researchers, medical providers
• Support from Advocacy Community is essential
• Raising awareness
• Supporting research financially
• Enrolling in clinical trials
•
• SU2C-OCRF-OCNA-NOCC Ovarian Cancer Dream Team Grant
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SU2C-OCRF-OCNA-NOCC Ovarian Cancer Dream Team Grant
Jamie Crase Kathleen Gavin Deborah Polinsky
DNA Repair Dream TeamAdvocates
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Panos KonstantinopoulosWilliam BarryAlan D’Andrea
Ursula MatulonisGeoffrey ShapiroGiovanni Parmigiani
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Alan D’Andrea, MDGeoffrey Shapiro, MD, PhDUrsula Matulonis, MDPanagiotis Konstantinopoulos, MD, PhDWilliam Barry, PhDGiovanni Parmigiani, PhDNeal Horowitz, MDAriana PeraltaKaren EldridgeAlexandra FeinsteinDon Watson
Elizabeth Swisher, MDMary-Claire King, PhDRaymond Monnat, MDToshiyasu Taniguchi, MD, PhDDeborah Bowen, PhDTomas Walsh, PhDBarbara Norquist, MDMaria Harrell, PhDSteve Salipante, PhDKathy AgnewTara Coffin
Scott Kaufmann, MD, PhDJohn Weroha, MD, PhDLarry Karnitz, PhDJamie Bakkum-Gamez, MDSarah E. Kerr, MDAndrea Wahner Hendrickson, MD
Gini Fleming, MDPhillip Connell, MDOlufunmilayo Olopade, MDAnthony Montag, MDJane Churpek, MDIris Romero, MDMorgan Whipkey, MD
Maria Jasin, PhDCarol Aghajanian, MDJohn Petrini, PhDElizabeth Kass, PhDKara Long Roche, MDJeanne Carter, PhDRobert Soslow, MDRohit Prakash, PhDMarcel Hohl, PhD
Karen Lu, MDJunjie Chen, PhDRobert Coleman, MDDenise Nebgen, MD, PhDAnna Yemelyanova, MDMark Munsell, PhDSantiago Ramirez-Vargas
Patient Advocates:Jamie Crase, Kathleen Gavin, Deborah Polinsky
Academic Collaborators:Andre Nussenzweig, PhD (National Cancer Institute ), Douglas Levine, MD (NYU), Lewis Cantley, PhD (Weill Cornell Medical College), Martha Hickey, MD (University of Melbourne)