–an underutilized genetic resource in Nordic wheat … · –an underutilized genetic resource in...

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Synthetic wheat

– an underutilized genetic resource in Nordic wheat breeding

Morten Lillemo, IPM, UMB

NORWEGIAN UNIVERSITY OF LIFE SCIENCES

www.umb.no

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Wheat evolution

Genetic diversity of bread wheat is low, especially at the D-genome

Genetic diversity of bread wheat is low, especially at the D-genome

There is a huge genetic diversity in Ae. tauschiiThere is a huge genetic diversity in Ae. tauschii


www.umb.no

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Durum wheat (AABB)

Aegilopstauschii(DD)

Synthetic hexaploid wheat (AABBDD)

Synthetic hexaploid wheat

More than 1000 lines developed at CIMMYT


www.umb.no

Don’t judge synthetic wheatsby their phenotypes!

�Less than impressive in terms of

agronomic characters

– tall, often late heading and maturing

– hard glumes, difficult to thresh

�But...

– Fully crossable with normal bread wheat

– Free-threshing types can easily be

recovered already in F2 or F3

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Examples of useful traits

�Disease resistance

– Karnal Bunt, Fusarium head blight, Septoriatritici leaf blotch, Stagonospora nodorumglume blotch, Helminthosporium leaf blotch,

Stem rust, Leaf rust, Stripe rust, Powdery

mildew etc...

�Abiotic stress tolerance

– Drought, salinity, waterlogging, heat

�Quality

– Grain softness

– Protein composition

– Pre-harvest sprouting

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What about yield?

�Difficult to judge by the phenotype

itself

�Many QTL studies have shown yield-

enhancing QTL from wild relatives

(e.g. tomato and rice)

�Synthetic wheat is no exception, but...

�.... yield QTL are hidden in a poor

agronomic phenotype

�.... must be introgressed into adapted

germplasm to be detected

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www.umb.no

Use of synthetic wheat at CIMMYT

�Limited backcross strategy highly successful

�Big BC1F1 or BC1F2 populations necessary

�Initial focus on disease resistance

�Major improvements in drought resistance

�VOROBEY

– CROC_1/Ae.tauschii (224)//OPATA/3/PASTOR

– Biggest breakthrough in wide adaptability since the

Veery’s

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�% of advanced lines in international nurseries based on

synthetic wheat (rainfed wheat breeding program)

Use of synthetic wheat at CIMMYT


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Use of synthetic wheat in Australia

�Synthetic backcross derived lines outperforming

leading varieties by 8-30% (Ogbonnaya et al, 2007)

�The Synthetic-Enriched Resources for Genetic

Enhancement (synERGE) program (DPI, Victoria)

1. Discovering novel genetic diversity

2. Dissecting the genetic and physiological basis

3. Developing diagnostic or linked molecular markers

4. Developing introgression lines for wheat breeding

�Targeted traits:

– pre-harvest sprouting, drought, salinity, CCN, yellow

leaf spot

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www.umb.no

Success in China

�Used CIMMYT synthetics in

breeding programs since 1995

�Large kernels, high spike weight,

resistance to new races of stripe

rust

�Four synthetic-derived varieties

released in Sichuan since 2003

�Chuanmai 42

– out-yielded commercial check variety

by 23%

– grown on >100 000 ha since 2006

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10Wuyun Yang


www.umb.no

What are we doing in Norway?

448 synthetic wheats from

CIMMYT tested for powdery

mildew resistance

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www.umb.no

Synthetic wheats with promising partial resistance to powdery mildew

Mean severity (%) across 8 environments in Norway and Switzerland:

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Line Name PM

SYNT448-378 CROC_1/Ae.tauschii (256) 4.8

SYNT448-173 68.111/R//W/3/F/4/RABI/5/Ae.tauschii (905) 5.7


SYNT448-280 GAN/Ae.tauschii (897) 6.6


SYNT448-140 CPI/GE/3/GO//JO69/CRA/4/Ae.tauschii (633) 8.2

SYNT448-067 ARLIN_1/Ae.tauschii (225) 8.8

SYNT448-277 SNIPE/YAV79//D/TEAL/3/Ae.tauschii (877) 10.5

SYNT448-086 GARZA/BOY//Ae.tauschii (311) 10.7

SYNT448-316 AJAIA/Ae.tauschii (330) 12.1

SYNT448-264 SCOOP_1/Ae.tauschii (662) 15.2

Check Saar 12.5

Check Naxos 11.5

Check MS273-150 42.5

Check Avocet 75.2

Lillemo et al., unpublished


www.umb.no

Small-scale pre-breeding

�Lines with promising partial resistance to powdery

mildew has been crossed with adapted cultivars

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�Big space-planted

BC1F2 populations

�Phenotypic selection

for PM resistance

and plant type

�Material now in

BC1F4

�This is great fun!


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Ideas for a Nordic project

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�Screen synthetic wheats for traits important to

Nordic wheat breeding

– e.g. resistance to Fusarium head blight and Leaf blotch diseases

�Make limited backcrosses to adapted varieties

– Phenotypic selection in the field based on big space-planted

breeding populations

– Output: Breeding lines with beneficial traits from the synthetic

parents in adapted genetic backgrounds

�Develop AB-QTL populations from the most

promising crosses

– Look for yield-enhancing traits from synthetic wheat

– Output: Introgression lines with traits of interest and linked

molecular markers for use in breeding

A jointly funded pre-

breeding activity serving

wheat breeding

programs in the Nordic

countries?

A jointly funded pre-

breeding activity serving

wheat breeding

programs in the Nordic

countries?


www.umb.no

Synthetic wheat is a goldmine for wheat improvement

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