An Overview of the INTEX-B Science Campaign H. B. Singh, NASA Ames Research Center INTEX-B/MILAGRO:...
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Transcript of An Overview of the INTEX-B Science Campaign H. B. Singh, NASA Ames Research Center INTEX-B/MILAGRO:...
An Overview of the INTEX-B Science CampaignH. B. Singh, NASA Ames Research Center
INTEX-B/MILAGRO: Spring 2006 maximum Asian inflow to NA Mexico City pollution
GOAL: To understand the transport, transformation, & impacts of gases & aerosols on air quality & climate from local to global scales
Partners:U.S. (NASA, NSF, DOE), MEX, CAN, GER
(http://cloud1.arc.nasa.gov; http://www.joss.ucar.edu/milagro/)
MILAGRO
MCMA-2006
MIRAGE-Mex
MAX-Mex
INTEX-B/1INTEX-B/2 IMPEX
INTEX-B
INTEX-B OBJECTIVES
Continental Outflow: Extent & persistence of the outflow of pollution from Mexico
Transpacific Pollution: Transport and evolution of Asian pollution & implications for air quality & climate
Air Quality: Mapping of anthropogenic & biogenic emissions; relating atmospheric composition to sources & sinks
Aerosol Radiative Forcing: Characterizing effects of aerosols on solar radiation over NA & Gulf of Mexico
Satellite Validation: Validation of space-borne observations of tropospheric composition
INTEX-B/MILAGRO Platforms & Coordination
Inter-comparisons
Coordinated science flights
Sharing of forecasts & data
Joint publications
NASA DC-8 NSF C-130
NASA J-31
UW Duchess
DLR Falcon
NASA Be-200
Canadian Cessna
DOE-G1
IONS-06 sites
DC-8, J-31 & B-200 INTEX-B Payload
Mission Mgr. Console
Navigation
EQUIPMENT RACK
PROBE
ICATS
DIAL
AROTAL
LASER SYSTEM
DACOM/DLHPOP
SAFS
UNH
DCALS
UCI
PANAK
UH/LIA
ATHOSNO
GT-LIFTD-LIF
GTCIMS
PAN/OVOC
Aerosols
HOx, NO
NO, NO2NO2
SO2, HNO4 Strat O3 Lidar
PeroxidesHCHO Actinic
flux
CO/CH4
H2O
HNO3, Aero.Comp.,Hg?
O3
CO2
H2O
Trop O3/AerosolLidarNMHC
Halocarbons
HCHOSAFS
SINGH
COHENHUEY MCGEE
HEIKES
SHETTER
ANDERSONCLARKE
DIBBAVERYVAYBARRICK
FRIEDBROWELL
BLAKE
BRUNE, HUEY
DISKINSACHSEPODOLSKE
FASTOZMACDONNAPDS
TAN
J-31: Sun photometer, Solar Flux Radiometer, Cloud Absorption Radiometer, Scanning Polarimeter; B-200: HSRLidar, HySPAR, LAABS, Nadir digital camera
Model Forecasts for Flight Planning
MET dataTrajectoriesConvective influencesFires
AIRS- COMOPITT- COMODIS- AerosolGOES- clouds
GEOS-Chem (Harvard)MOZART (NCAR)RAQMS (Langley)STEM (U. Iowa)PNL (Milagro)
SAT Tracks
Model Forecasts
INTEX-B DC-8 Flight Tracks(DC-8 Bases: Houston, TX (3/1-21/2006) ; Honolulu, HI (4/17-30/2006);
Anchorage, AK (5/1-15/2006)
INTEX-B:DC-8: 145 Flight hrs;17 science flights(15 day + 2 night)
J-31: 43 Flight hours;13 Science Flights
B-200: 65 Flight hrs;18 Science Flights
Hawaii
Houston
Anchorage
Seattle
Veracruz C-130
C-130+J-31+B-200+G-1
DC-8
INTEX-B Targeted Satellite Validation Activities(CO, O3, HCHO, NO2, HNO3, H2O, HCN, Aerosol)
Aura
Aura/ others
DC-8 C-130
3/4 3/9 3/12 3/16 3/19 3/21 4/17 4/23 4/25 4/26 4/30 5/4 5/7 5/9 5/12 4/24 4/28 5/1 5/3 5/8 5/11
TES* • • • • • • • • • • • • • OMI • • • • • • • • • • • • • HIRDLS# • • MLS • • Others** • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • * TES validation for Nadir & Limb measurements over land and water # Night flights required for HIRDLS validation ** Mainly AIRS, SCIAMACHY, and MODIS
INTEX-B Flights Accomplish Multiple Objectives - Example : DC-8 Flight 16 from Anchorage
INTEX-B Flights Accomplish Multiple Objectives - Example : DC-8 Flight 16 from Anchorage
Sampling fresh & aged Asian pollution MLS validation TES-limb validation
MLS
TES-L
Asian pollution
Large concentrations of ozone in the Pacific troposphere
Multiple satellite tracksare examined for validation
TES-N spiral
TES-Limb
Dust
HNO3 0.6-0.1-0.7
P
P
P
P
Pollution sampling & TES-Limb validation: Alaska Local 3
A. Clarke, V. Kapustin, S. Howell, J. Zhou, C. McNaughton, Y. Shinozuka University of Hawaii
Dust & pollution layers- Hi Local 1 (Flt 11)
DC-8 Lidar, E. Browell, NASA, LaRC
DACOM Profile (Dotted)
DACOM w/ TES AK (Solid)
Coincident TES Profile
Nearby TES Profiles
O3, CO, & HNO3 Comparisons: TES & DC-8
CO
O3
O3
DC-8 & MLS in INTEX-B
• MLS v1.51 CO data have known high (factor ~2 bias) in 200 hPa region– Later versions of MLS processing to address this issue
• INTEX flight above confirms this and will be useful comparison dataset• Encouraging agreement on CO morphology despite bias, given MLS resolution
MLS CO
DC-8 CO
LIDAR Observations of Aerosol Plumes Near Whistler
May 11 May 14
Tom DuckAerosol Plumes
Airborne measurements reveal enhanced O3, CO & sulfate
INTEX-B/MILAGRO Specific Tasks Accomplished Inter-comparisons between aircrafts
(DC-8/C-130/Cessna/Duchess/J-31) and flyby of ground sites (Mauna Loa, UW-Mount Bachelor, Canada-Whistler Peak etc.). 5 inter-comparisons between DC8 & C130
Extensive satellite validation of TES, OMI, HIRDLS, MLS, AIRS, SCIA, etc. (one or more per flight)
Outflow from Mexico City & tropospheric characterization over the Gulf
Source (boundary layer) characterization of Mexico City pollution
Sampling of fresh & aged Asian transpacific pollution from Hi & Anchorage
Quasi-lagrangian studies/chemical aging experiments over the Gulf & the Pacific utilizing DC-8 & C-130
Some Observations
INTEX-B/Milagro has completed all of the planned tasks to achieve its objectives of:Providing a comprehensive and unified data set to
determine the composition of MC & Asian pollution plumes, their persistence, & transformation
Validating satellite observations of tropospheric composition
Relating atmospheric composition to anthropogenic & biogenic emissions
Testing chemical transport models & their forecasts
Some Questions?
How do the in-situ measurements from different instruments & platforms intercompare? How do we synthesize and relate data from multiple platforms?
How do models in forecast and analysis modes intercompare with each other and with observations?
How useful were the satellite validation flights? Have we contributed to further improvements in satellite data?
How usefully can the satellite data be integrated with the aircraft & surface data to extend coverage?
How successful were the quasi-lagrangian experiments and what did we learn from them?
Some Questions? (cont.)
Can we use INTEX-B data (& models) to further constrain estimates of anthropogenic & biogenic emissions?
Are the observed HOx and precursor (peroxides and CH2O) concentrations consistent with current understanding?
What are the factors controlling the outflow of pollution (especially NOx, O3, and aerosol) to the Pacific and the Gulf of Mexico?
What have we learnt about direct and indirect effects of aerosol on radiative forcing?