An Overview of Gasification Commercialization for Power · Ash Fusion Temp (AFT), Entrained Bed...
Transcript of An Overview of Gasification Commercialization for Power · Ash Fusion Temp (AFT), Entrained Bed...
Gasification Technologies Conference 2015 Colorado Spring, Colorado
An Overview of Gasification Commercialization for Power
Qianlin Zhuang, Ph.D. Eng. EcoZenergy & Industrials, LLC., Texas, USA
Economic Dependence on Fossil Fuels
17.8%
5.1%
67.5%
0.9% 7.2% 1.5%
Oil
NG
Coal
Nuk
Hydro
Re-
36.7%
29.6%
20.1%
8.3%
2.7% 2.6%
Primary Energy Consumption Mix, 2013
US China
2,266 mtoe 2,852 mtoe
Crude oil and natural gas made up 65.5% in US primary energy
consumed in 2013 while coal contributed 67.5% to China’s primary
energy use.
Recent demand for emission control and reduction in China and
the political drive for CO2 cap and reduction has imposed a
significant challenge to coal and its value chain sector.
Clean coal technology has become increasingly important.
Source: BP Energy Outlook 2014
Pollutant Unit “NEW Targets” Current Limits 9 Special Areas/Rest China
SO2 mg/m3
30 50/200
NOx mg/m3 30 100/200
Mercury mg/m3 - 0.03
Particulate Matter (PM)
mg/m3 5~10 20/30
Conventional Power Generation Technology
Ultra-supercritical power generation technology has progressed
significantly in areas of capital investment and performance.
Meeting more stringent standard, however, seems hard with
existing emission control technologies.
Clean coal technology such as IGCC needs a leap in managing
both capital investment and performance.
Source: China national Standards
IGCC Development Roadmap
The superior environmental performance of IGCC technology
has been well recognized.
First generation IGCC showcased an efficiency at lower 30s% .
IGCC development has since essentially remained at a level of
the second generation technology.
30+ years development and trials have acquired a significant
knowledge and know-how around critical units.
2010 1980 1990 2000 Cool Water
IGCC Demo
USA
Buggenum IGCC
Netherlands
Wabash River IGCC
USA
Tampa IGCC
USA
Duke IGCC
630 MW, USA
Nakoso
IGCC
Japan
GreenGen IGCC
250 MW, China
Korea IGCC
250 MW, 2015
Southern IGCC
580 MW, 2015
Puertollano IGCC
Spain
LGTI
Demo
Dow, USA
A Sketch of IGCC
ASU
Feed Prep
Gasification
Syngas
Cleanup &
Conditioning
Combined
Cycle Island
SRU
BOP
Effluents
Management
CO2
Management
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
GT Rating Plant Output
Gas Turbine Experience on Syngas N
et
Po
wer
Ou
tpu
t, M
W
GE7F
SG5-2000E
SG6-5000F
Alstom AK13E
M701F
GE6F/9E
GE6B
M701D
Solid Feedstock
(Others liquid
feeds)
Source: various public domains
Where IGCC Stands
Experience with a range gas turbines has been acquired.
Combined cycle island has relatively been “modularized”.
Critical
Equipment
Non-standard syngas making
process including gasification
and gas clean-up needs
additional development for a
system-wide understanding.
Getting over the learning
curve will definitely help
establish the baseline for
IGCC project.
Coal (from the Old English term col, which has
meant "mineral of fossilized carbon" since the 13th
century) is a combustible black or brownish-black
sedimentary rock usually occurring in rock strata in
layers or veins called coal beds or coal seams.
Coal
C H N O S Cl
Ash Na K Fe Al Si …
Major Differences from Crude
Coal is an amorphous, highly heterogeneous hydrocarbon
containing impurities that emit in different forms as pollutants.
Fundamental Perspective of Gasification The Entrained Bed technologies have been mostly deployed
in coal to chemicals, the dominant commercial application.
Non-slagging
Slagging
T4
T3
T2
T1
Ash Fusion Temp (AFT),
Entrained Bed
Fixed/Moving Bed
Gasification condition
dictates design
principle and
consequently impact,
-Feedstock suitability
-Syngas quality
-Efficiency
-Unit capacity
Gasification should
be evaluated in
context of the total
system.
Gasifier Temp Profile
Gasification Commercialization In China N
um
ber
of
Pro
jects
Fertilizer demand was the early market driver for coal gasification
Large scale coal to methanol projects took off around 2007 and have
been quickly “modularized”.
Through the multi-projects, coal gasification technology has overcome the
learning curve and acquired extensive know-how (equipment, unit,
materials, system and operation etc.).
COD
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Methanol 300k~600k
Methanol <300k
Ammonia 300k~600k
Ammonia <300k
Product capacity in annual tons
Project larger than 600k TPY not included
Establishing Coal Gasification Expertise
The acquired skills and know-how have contributed to
success of recent ‘mega’ coal to olefins/liquids
projects.
System Integration
Metallurgy
Chemistry
Core Technologies components
Engineering Capability
Manufacture Supply Chain
Project Execution
Operating Experience
Challenges
Optimization for
efficiency gain
Reduce water footprint
IGCC Moving Forward
Technology
Innovation
Need a leap in critical
technologies
ASU
Gas turbine
New processes
System Knowledge
Leverage GTs with robust
performance
Distributed market
Cogen opportunities
Large IGCC projects
Knowledge Sharing
Global cooperation to leverage existing
hands-on experience
Engineering capability
Manage cost & schedule
Shorten learning curve
IGCC development activity seems at crossroad. Its future
hinges on its capability to address a combination of issues
such as efficiency advancing, water footprint reduction,
emissions control, and CO2 management etc..
THANK YOU
EcoZenergy & Industrials, LLC.