An Overview of English Sentence Patterns
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Transcript of An Overview of English Sentence Patterns
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An Overview of English Sentence Patterns
An Overview of English Sentence Patterns
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In its simplest form, an English sentence has two parts:
a subject, anda verb
that express a complete thought when they are together.
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Subject
The subject shows who or what is doing the action.
It is always some form of noun or pronoun.
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Verb
The verb shows the action or the state of being.
It can be an action verb, like “run,”or a state verb, like “seem.”
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Wayne slept.
Dogs bark.
Examples
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Most sentences are rarely so short.
We usually want to convey much more information, so we modify the main subject and verb with other words and phrases.
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Unfortunately, Wayne slept poorly last night.
Dogs bark louder after midnight.
Examples
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Despite the extra information, each of the previous example sentences has one subject and one verb, so it’s still just one clause.
What’s a clause?
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A clause is the combination of a subject and a verb.
Pretty easy, isn’t it?
Well . . .
Clauses
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Two types of Clauses
Independent and Dependent
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Independent Clauses
Independent Clauses make a complete thought.
They can stand on their own,because they make sense!
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Dependent Clauses
Dependent Clauses do not make a complete thought.
They always need to be attached to an independent clause, because they are too
weak to stand on their own.
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The 4 Sentence Patterns
Pattern 1: Simple Sentence
Pattern 2: Compound Sentence
Pattern 3: Complex Sentence
Pattern 4: Compound-Complex Sentence
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Sentence Patterns
Every sentence pattern combines clauses in a different way.
Try not to favor one particular pattern, otherwise your writing might become
boring!
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Tip
Because nouns perform so many functions in a sentence, it’s easier to analyze
sentence patterns by finding the verbs and connectors1.
1Connectors – Conjunctions and other connecting words.
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Conventions
In the following descriptions,S=Subject and V=Verb.
Options for arranging the clauses in each sentence pattern are given in parentheses
– for example, (SV.)
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Pattern 1: Simple Sentence
One independent clause (SV.)
Mr. Han teaches English.
I see.
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Linda and Ann arrived at the bus station before noon and left on the bus before I
arrived.
Compound Subject
Compound Verb
Simple Sentences are not necessarily short!
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Pattern 2: Compound Sentence (Form 1)
Two or more independent clauses.
(SV, and SV.)
Connectors with a comma (Conjunctions)
The FANBOYS: for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so
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Pattern 2: Compound Sentence (Form 1)
Mr. Han teaches English at HIT, but I’ve never had him for a class.
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Pattern 2: Compound Sentence (Form 2)
Two or more independent clauses.
(SV; however, SV.)
Connectors with a semicolon and comma (Conjunctive Adverbs):
also, in addition, besides, consequently, finally, for example, furthermore, however, in fact, instead, meanwhile,
moreover, otherwise, still, then, therefore, thus
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Pattern 2: Compound Sentence (Form 2)
I see; however, that seems strange.
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Pattern 3: Complex Sentence
One independent clausePLUS one or more dependent clauses.
(SV because SV.)
(Because SV, SV.)
(S, because SV, V.)
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Pattern 3: Complex Sentence
Connectors are always at the beginning of a dependent clause.
(SV because SV.)
(Because SV, SV.)
(S, because SV, V.)
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I highly recommend eating chocolate because it tastes so good.
Although I love chocolate, I won’t eat any while I’m on a diet.
Mr. Han, because he can’t stick to his diet, has become pleasantly plump.
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Pattern 4: Compound-Complex Sentence
Two or more independent clausesPLUS one or more dependent clauses.
(SV, and SV because SV.)
(Because SV, SV, but SV.)
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Pattern 4: Compound-Complex Sentence
Because I love learning Chinese, I study every day, but I don’t get enough practice
speaking.
(Because SV, SV, but SV.)
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The 4 Sentence Patterns
Pattern 1: Simple Sentence
Pattern 2: Compound Sentence
Pattern 3: Complex Sentence
Pattern 4: Compound-Complex Sentence