An Outsider Invader Threatens the Greek...Persian Empire? •Divided the land he conquered into 20...
Transcript of An Outsider Invader Threatens the Greek...Persian Empire? •Divided the land he conquered into 20...
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The Persian Empire
An Outsider Invader
Threatens the Greek
Mainland….
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Hello… Sports Fans!
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Read Section 1:
The Persian Empire
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2. How did the Persians build
their empire?
• Persia started in southwestern Iran today.
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2. How did the Persians build
their empire?
• They then conquered their neighbors by
using archers to surprise and stun their
opponents!
• They would then rush them with spears
before they could recover from their
shock!
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Darius’s Infantry
(Persians)….
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Greek HoplitesHoplite Definition: Ordinary citizens of Greece that were foot soldiers
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Hoplites
• Regular foot soldiers were called hoplites
• They were named after the Hoplon (the large round shield that protects the soldier from the front).
Hoplon
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A Phalanx
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3. How did King Darius rule the
Persian Empire?
• Divided the land he conquered
into 20 provinces and
appointed an official to rule
each and report back to him.
• The official also collected
taxes
• The people were able to keep
their culture and religion
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Darius’s Plan
• Does Darius’s plan sound
like anything you have
ever heard of before?
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In 521 BCE Darius also created…
• Creates a professional
army!
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4. What happened during the
Ionian Revolt?
• The Greek polis, Ionia, was
captured by the Persians
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4. What happened during the
Ionian Revolt?
• Athens helped them revolt and
then left…leaving Ionia to fight
by itself
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4. Why was it important?
• The revolt upset Persia and so
they asked for the surrender of
all Greece!
• Thus, the wars start!
“ If you want Greek earth and
water help yourself!”
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And then ….
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Battle of Marathon
In 490 BCE the Persians, under the control
of Darius, came to Greece and landed
outside of the plains of Marathon.
What the Persians didn’t realize was
that the Greeks were hiding behind a
hill. When the Persians went to re-
board their ship and sail on to Athens
1/3 of the hiding Greek army rushed
over the hill and started attacking the
Persians who were standing in the
water.
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And then…
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What really happened?
• The Persians had their best warriors on the ships. Once the Persians regained their composure and started to fight back the Greek ran for the hill. The Persians still in the water followed thinking it was a retreat. In truth 2/3 of the Greek army was waiting on the other side of the hill and demolished the Persians who followed. The remaining Persians sailed away.
• Greek Victory
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VI. City-States Unite!
• Greek city states knew the
Persian threat was real.
• SO THEY UNITE TO FIGHT!
• Sparta sends foot soldiers
• Athens provides the navy
• Together they develop a
strategy to defeat the mighty
Persians!
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The Battle of Thermopylae
After the loss at Marathon the Persians left the Greeks alone for 10 years. During that time the ruler Darius died and his son Xerxes took over. During these 10 years the Greeks united and Sparta and Athens, although not friends, realize they fight the best if they are together. Sparta with the help of Corinth takes 7,000 soldiers to the tight pass at Thermopylae to slow if not stop the advance of the Persians 200,000 soldiers from reaching Athens. This way Athens could get its naval ships out of port and ready to fight and the Persians wouldn’t be able to burn the Athenian ships. As the Persians walk through the small pass they were ambushed by the Greeks. After the initial ambush King Leonidas (Spartan) sends all of the Corinthians and the Spartan away. He keeps only the best 300 Spartans. In the next instance the 300 Spartans look up and the night is filled from the thousands of Persians arrows. A Spartan soldier says in response…..
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And then…
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What really happened?
• “We will fight in the shade!”
• The 300 Spartan soldiers will hold of the mighty Persian army until they are betrayed and a traitor shows the Persians a secret passage that enables them to surround the Greeks.
• The Spartans will lose but take 30,000 troops with them when they are killed three days later. This also allows the Athenians to successfully get their ships out of Athens in order to fight the Persian navy.
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How will the Persian Army
get their supplies?
So what do the
Greeks have to
do??
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The Battle of Salamis
The Battle of Thermopylae allowed the Athenians
to get their ships out of Athens and they were
ready to help attack the Persian supply ships
and the Persian navy. The Persians knew the
Athenians had gotten their ships away safely
and searched for them, exhausting themselves,
while the Athenians rested. When they did meet
the Athenians realized that their ships were
much smaller while the Persians had huge ships.
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And then…
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What really happened?
So the Athenians have to use their brain and their knowledge of the geography of Greece and trick the Persians into the Strait of Salamis
What is a strait?The Greeks will battle the Persians in the strait (David V. Goliath) The strait is so narrow the large Persians ships cannot move and the Greek ships slowly destroy the large Persian navy and they literally sail circles around them.
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Burn Athens Burn!
• Persian Army marches on to
Athens after winning at
Thermopylae.
• When they get there they find
an abandoned city and burn
it down!
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The Battle of Plataea
• In 479 BCE the Persians
marched to Athens and
found it abandoned. The
Persians burnt down Athens.
At the same time the rest of
the Greek poleis got together
and formed one massive
army. The unified Greek
army met up with Persian at
Plataea.
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And then…
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What really happened?
• With the largest Greek army ever
the Greek attacked the Persians
in hand to hand combat and
defeated the Persians.
• The Persians ran back to Turkey
(Asia Minor)
• By working together the Greeks
saved their homeland from
invasion
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What does the Persian war
show us about teamwork?
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Was anything really
accomplished from all the
battles and death of the
Persian War?
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Persians Vs. Greeks
What happens when two
cultures meet and want
the same resources?
Answer this
question in
your passport
for homework.
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The Persian Army
Greeks weaken the Persian Empire
and the Persians flee across the
sea, but they keep their area in
Asia Minor and the Greek city-state
involved!
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Is the War over??
Athens wants to follow the
Persians and take back all
of Greece
Sparta wants to just keep
what Greece has & they
are afraid of Athens’ new
found power!!!
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The Delian League •Persia is still a threat!!!!!
•150 city-states meet (all but Sparta)
•Bind themselves to Athens
•Follow their leadership
•Pay money and military items
•In return Athens gives them
•Continuing protection from Persia
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Pericles
The founder of the Delian League
&
Leader of Athens