An Origami Army of the Past

8/13/2019 An Origami Army of the Past

1/62


2/62

Fobghwlem`cegts

]ds khhb whulm ght jfve keeg cfme phssdkle wdtjhut tje ugselstsj fssdstfgoe h Kdr`dt Kd``dNrfgods. _je trfgslftem tje pre foe fgm efoj ojfptersdgtrhmuotdhg dgth Eg`ldsj. Ahfg _fllfs egohurf`em ceth tfbe f lhhb ft tje jdsthrdo hrd`fcd chmels h jhrsefgm rdmer. Jds resefroj dgth hrd`fcd jdsthry dg tje@ercfg-spefbdg` re`dhg strhg`ly dg uegoem ce. Ahfgflwfys fgm `egerhusly prhvdmem ce wdtj jds resefrojresults. ]ere hre, cy sdgoerest tjfgbs `h hut th Kd``dfgm Ahfg.


3/62

6

Fg Hrd`fcd Frcy hn tje Yfst Aegs-Jel`e Mfjceg

p. 69

p. 6>

p. :

p. 6=

p. :

p. 6:

p. 6?

p. =4

p. =:

p. ;6

Ojevfuxle`ers

Ulfgs


4/62

;


p. ;;

p. ??

p. ?5

p. :

p. :

p. ;4

p. ;=

p. ?=

p. ;:

p. 59Mrf`hhgs

Jussfrs


5/62

?


p. =5

p. =;

p. ;;

p. ?9

p. =6

p. ==

p. ;>

p. ?6

p. 59

p. 56

p. =?

@egerfl _tfnn

Cusdo Ohrps wdtj Chhrs


6/62

=


p. ?9

p. ?0

p. ?4

p. ?:

p. 5?@regfmders

p. ;0


7/62


8/62

>

]e Jdsth d [dme g Jh se F G @lfgoe

Dg shce very hlm @ercfg khhbs D nhugm tje

chmels hn tje jdsthrdo rdmer fgm jhrse. Chre tjf hge vfrdftdhg jfs keeg mhoucegtem. Thu wdll n hvervdew dg tje lfst ojfpter hn tjds khhb.

Ft ndrst, wjdle nhlmdg` tje jelcets fgm wefph nhr f bgd`jt kfsem hg tje jdsthrdofl rdmer (see c weksdte1 www.nreeweks.ohc/nfltbugst), D wfs th orefte fg hrd`fcd ofvflry. _h, jere fre tje mdf`r nhr jussfrs, ulfgs, mrf`hhgs, ojevfuxle`ers fgm t `egerfl stfnn. Nurtjerchre, D oreftem f rdmers f shce afobets, jelcets, sjdelms, wefphgs fgm nlf`]jds equdpcegt ds reflly nhlmem fgm ght out fs

yefrs f`h. ]h dcprhve tje jdsthrdo rdmer D nhlm gew jefm nhr rdmer fgm jhrse.


9/62

0

Dg tje egm, fnter stumydg` Yrussdfg jdsthry

f ldttle, D tjhu`jt1 Pjft ds f ofvflry hn tje 6:tj oegtury wdtjhut tje shlmder bdg`, jds pershgfl eldte nhroe fgm cdldtfry cusdodfgs8 _h D oreftem f cusdo ohrps wdtj chhrs (dg @ercfg1 Chjreg) fgm

tje Yhtsmfc @dfgts hr lhg` `uys (dg @ercfg1Lfg`e Berls) fs tjey were gdobgfcem ky tjeYrussdfg phpulftdhg.

D wdsj fll hrd`fcd egtjusdfsts f lht hn nug wdtj refmdg`, nhlmdg`, fgm plfydg`.

Aegs-Jel` M ce Kerldg, ;96;


10/62

:

Ofvflry Jhrses

]e kreemdg` `hfls h stums hr ofvflry jhrsesojfgèm pfrtdoulfrly stfrtdg` dg tje cdm-6:tj oegturyup th tje ke`dggdg` h tje 64tj oegtury. Murdg`tjds perdhm Eurhpefg ohugtrdes estfkldsjem phwer ulfrtdllery kfttfldhgs hr tjedr frcdes. Nhr tje kfttle

hrcftdhg tjft cefgt th fsseckle tje trhhps dg f ofsuflcfgger fgm th qudober chve tjec tjrhu`j egecy stre.

]ere hre, tje kreemdg` fgm mressfè h jhrses efsy thcfgeuver, ofpfkle h ojfg`dg` tecph fst, fgm ofpfkleh olhse ohckft were mdsohgtdguem. Dgstefm jhrses werekrem fgm trfdgem tjft ohulm speem up fst fgm jfm f wdme leg`tj h strdme wjeg `fllhpdg`.

Nhr efoj krfgoj h servdoe h tje ofvflry speodfljhrses were krem. ]e oudrfssders geemem tje jefvdestfgm lfrèst jhrses, jussfrs geemem tje ld`jtest fgm

fstest jhrses. Dg tje ke`dggdg` h tje 64tj oegtury tjeupper ldcdt hr prdoes h ofvflry jhrses were stxem kymeoree dg [ussdf fs hllhws1 Oudrfssder jhrse cfxdcfl699 rukles, mrf`hhg jhrse cfxdcfl 59 rukles, fgmjussfr jhrse cfxdcfl =9 rukles (fggufl sflfry h f pukldo h oer1 fpprhx. >,999 rukles2 fverfè fggufldgohce h f pefsfgt ft tje egm h tje 64tj oegtury166? rukles).


11/62

4

sdgb-nhlm

^frdftdhg hn tje jdsthrdofl jhrse (J6 fgm J;)

D D

vflley-nhlm turg hver

swdvel-nhlm

nhlm tjeupper nlfpmhwg

sdze nhr jhrse1 4x4 oc sdze nhr mhgbey1 0,5x0,5 oc sfce ohlhr hg khtj sdmes ohllfpse th f

wfterkhck

kfse

vflley-nhlm

hutwfrmreverse-nhlm

D D

D

D

D D

reverse-nhlm

hutwfrmreverse-nhlm

vflley-nhlm,repeftkejdgm

jhrse J6

hutwfrmreverse-nhlm

vflley-nhlm,repeft kejdgm

jhrse J;


12/62

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Ojevfuxleèrs

]e terc ojevfuxleèr ds ohcphsem h tjeNregoj tercs hr jhrses fgm ld`jt(-wed`jt).]ere hre, ghkhmy wdll ke surprdsem tjft tjds krfgoj hservdoe fotuflly evhlvem dg Nrfgoe. ]e egm h tje 65tjoegtury ojevfuxleèrs were hrcem up fs f ld`jt ofvflrydg hrmer th jfve f strfte`do fmvfgtfè thwfrms tjeolucsy, cemdevfl, frchrem ofvflders. ]e ugfrchremojevfuxleèrs equdppem wdtj ld`jt-wed`jt jhrses wereusem fs sohuts, th seoure tje fgbs dg f kfttle, fgm hrscfller egohugters wdtj tje egecy. _tfrtdg` dg tjecdm-6:tj oegtury ojevfuxleèr re`dcegts were flsh

hrcem up dg cfgy htjer Eurhpefg ohugtrdes.

[e`frmdg` mutdes fgm frcfcegt h ojevfuxleèrs,tjere were hverlfps wdtj tje mrf`hhgs, ulfgs fgmjussfrs. Dg Nrfgoe tjere were, ft tdces, ojevfuxleèrstjft were equdppem wdtj lfgoes. ]e rehr`fgdzftdhgh ojevfuxleèrs dgth mrf`hhgs fgm vdoe versf wfs f phpulfr cefsure dg Eurhpefg frcdes dg tje 6:tj fgm64tj oegtury. ypdoflly tjere ds gh md eregoe ketweeg

f ojevfuxleèrs fgm f mrf`hhgs frcfcegt1 F sfkerfgm f ohuple h pdsthls.

]e Kfvfrdfg ojevfuxleèrs jfm tje rd`jt th werechustfojes. ]e rest h tje Kfvfrdfg frcy wfs fllhwemth mh sh dg 6:66, tje h oers hgly dg 6:;>.


13/62

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sdze1 0,5x0,5 oc ohlhrem sdme mhwg ohllfpse th f wfterkhck kfse

sdgb-nhlm

[dmer [6, [; fgm [?1 ojevfuxle`ers

[61 rdmer wdtjhut f jfgm

[61 rdmer wdtjhutf jfgm

D D nhlm mhwgtjeupper nlfp

swdvel-nhlm tjecdmmle nlfp

chugtfdg-nhlmtje upper nlfp

hutwfrmreverse-nhlm

reverse-nhlm

D D

D

D

nhlm fgmugnhlm

[;1 rdmer's jfgmdg cdmmle phsdtdhg

[?1 rdmer's jfgmdg jd`j phsdtdhg

hutwfrmreverse-nhlm

reverse-nhlm

vflley-nhlm

[;, [?1rdmers wdtj

f jfgm

vflley-nhlm


14/62

6;Ojevfuxleèr "]sojfbh" Oj6 fgmojevfuxleèr hnndoer "]sojfbh" Oj;

sdze1 =,=x=,= oc ohlhrem sdme mhwg vflley-nhlm

vflley-nhlm

nhlm fgm ugnhlm wdtjfll lfyers

nhlm th tje dgger

nhlm dg jfln fgm tuobtje ohrger dgth tje phobet

vflley-nhlm

pleft-nhlm

D D D

ugnhlm

hpeg tje kfse fntertje ndrst lfyer fgm

ourve tje jft?-mdcegsdhgfl

hpeg tje kfse fntertje ndrst lfyer fgmourve tje jft?-mdcegsdhgfl

nhlm tje tdp mhwg

nhlm tje tdp mhwg

ojevfuxleèr"]sojfbh" Oj6

ojevfuxleèr hnndoer"]sojfbh" Oj;

vflley-nhlm


15/62

6?Ojevfuxle`er `egerfl "]sojfbh" Oj?

sdze1 =,=x=,= oc ohlhrem sdme mhwg vflley-nhlm

vflley-nhlm

nhlm fgm ugnhlm wdtjfll lfyers

nhlm th tje dgger

nhlm dg jfln fgm tuobtje ohrger dgth tje phobet

nhlm kejdgm

D D D

ugnhlm

turg hver

hpeg tje kfse fntertje ndrst lfyer fgmourve tje jft?-mdcegsdhgfl

nhlm tje tdp mhwg

ndgdsjem "]sojfbh" Oj?

vflley-nhlm


16/62

6=Ojevfuxle`erhnndoer's sfkre _6

nhlm kejdgm

nhlm mhwg

sdze1 6x0 oc ohlhr nfoe up cfrb tje jfln

hutwfrm reverse-nhlm tje huter lfyerD

DD

ndgdsjem sfkre _6

f) reverse-nhlmk) hpeg sdgb

k

f

f) reverse-nhlmk) hutwfrm reverse-nhlm

k

f

vflley-nhlm, repeft kejdgm

D D


17/62

65 Ojevfuxle`er's sfkre _;

nhlm kejdgm

nhlm mhwg

sdze1 9,5x0 oc ohlhr nfoe up cfrb tje jfln

hutwfrm reverse-nhlmtje huter lfyer

D

D

D D

f) reverse-nhlmk) reverse-nhlm

k

f

f) reverse-nhlmk) swdvel-nhlm, repeft kejdgm

k

f

vflley-nhlm, repeft kejdgm

ndgdsjem sfkre _;

D D


18/62

6>

UlfgsDg tje 6>tj fgm 60tj oegtury tje cfdg pfrt h tje

Yhldsj ofvflry ohgsdstem h lfgoers, ofllem ulfgs. Hgefoj lfgoejefm tjere utterem f spldt kfggeret. F ulfgsfrcfcegt wfs ohcplecegtem ky f ld`jt-wed`jt sfkerfgm f ohuple h pdsthls. _tfrtdg` wdtj tje 6:tj oegtury,ulfg re`dcegts were fssecklem dg cfgy Eurhpefgfrcdes. ]ere tjey were usem fs fst reohggfdssfgoe fgmrfdmdg` pftrhls. ]e typdofl jefmèfr hr f ulfg ds tjesqufre ofp (Ozfpbf).

Dg Nrfgoe ulfg re`dcegts were hrcem up hglydg tje ke`dggdg` h tje 64tj oegtury wjeg dg tjekfttle h Pf`rfc Gfphlehg wfs ohgvdgoem ky jdsojevfuxleèrs h tje use ulgess h lfgoes, gfcelyGfphlehgs ojevfuxleèrs usem tje lfgoes tfbeg dgkfttle rhc tje Fustrdfgs f`fdgst tje Fustrdfgs.


19/62

60

sdze1 0,5x66 oc ohlhrem sdme up vflley-nhlm

vflley-nhlm gefr tjeem`e

sdgb-nhlm

[dmer [: fgm [41 ulfgs

D

D

D

D

nhlm mhwgtjeupper nlfp

chugtfdg-nhlmtje upper nlfp hutwfrmreverse-nhlm

reverse-nhlm

D D

D

D

nhlm fgmugnhlm

[:1 rdmer's jfgmdg cdmmle phsdtdhg

[41 rdmer's jfgmdg jd`j phsdtdhg

hutwfrmreverse-nhlm

reverse-nhlm vflley-nhlm

vflley-nhlm

ohllfpse th fwfterkhck kfse


20/62

6:

sdze1 ?x4 oc ohlhrem sdme nfoe up nhlm dg jfln fgm ugnhlm

Ulfg's "Ozfpbf" U6

D

D

D

D

D

nhlm th tje oegter ldge

nhlm fgm ugnhlm

DD

DD

twh pleft-nhlms

turg hvervflley-nhlms

twh pleft-nhlms

D

D

D

D

nhur swdvel-nhlms

(`rfsp dgth tje dggerhn tje pleft-nhlms)dgsdme hut twh tdces

tuob dgth tje phobet

nhlm kejdgm

olhse tje jft lent1tuob dgth tje ndrstphobet

olhse tje jft rd`jt1tuob tje upper tdpdgth tje lfst phobet turg tje thp hn tje

jft dgth f jhrdzhgtflphsdtdhg,tje chmel wdll keohce?-mdcegsdhgfl

ndgdsjem "Ozfpbf" U6


21/62

64


Ulfg hnndoer's "Ozfpbf" U;

D

D

D

D

D

nhlm th tje oegter ldge

nhlm fgm ugnhlm

DD

DD

twh pleft-nhlms

turg hver

swdvel-nhlm`rfsp thtje dgger

vflley-nhlms

twhpleft-nhlms

D

D

D

D

nhur swdvel-nhlms

(`rfsp dgth tje dggerhn tje pleft-nhlms)dgsdme hut twh tdcestuob dgth tje phobet

nhlm kejdgm

olhse tje jft1 tuob dgth tje ndrst phobet

olhse tje jft1tuob tje uppertdp dgth tjelfst phobet

nhlm f rfkkdtefr

turg tje thp hn tjejft dgth f jhrdzhgtflphsdtdhg

squfsj-nhlm

ndgdsjem

"Ozfpbf" U;

erreot tje ohobfme,tje chmel wdll keohce?-mdcegsdhgfl

hpeg tje ohobfme


22/62

;9Ulfg hnndoer's sfkre _?

nhlm kejdgm

nhlm mhwg


hutwfrm reverse-nhlm tje huter lfyerD

D

D

f) reverse-nhlmk) vflley-nhlm, repeft kejdgm

nhlm th tje dgger, repeft kejdgm

f

k

reverse-nhlm

ndgdsjem sfkre _?

D D


23/62

;6Ulfg's lfgoe wdtj f peggfgt

sdze1 6,5x6; oc ohlhr nfoe mhwg nhlm fgm ugnhlm

vflley-nhlmD

D

nhlm kejdgm twh tdcesD

x

DD

D

x x

nhlm kejdgm

reverse-nhlmD

xx x

D

lhob tje tdp ky nhlmdg` dgth tjephobet

pdgoj f rfkkdt efr

rhtfte vertdoflly,thp vdew nhllhws

pdgoj f rfkkdt efr

rhtfte vertdoflly

f) rhll up th f oyldgmerk) `lue tje peggfgt hgth tje lfgoe

tjft's dt

fk

49

49


24/62

;;

Mrf`hhgs

Mrf`hhgs evhlvem rhc fg dg fgtry tjft wfsequdppem wdtj cusbets fs well fs wdtj jhrses dg hrmerth ke chre cfgeuverfkle dg f `ug kfttle. Kesdmes tjecusbet f mrf`hhg flsh jfm f jefvy sfker fgm f ohupleh pdsthls. Exoellegt sbdllem mrf`hhgs were trfdgem thmh kfttle wdtj fgm wdtjhut f jhrse fgm were prhstodegtdg tjrhwdg` jfgm `rfgfmes.

Mrf`hhgs fgm oudrfssders fre sh sdcdlfr dgfrcfcegt fgm equdpcegt tjft f md eregtdftdhg ds ght phssdkle wdtj tje sdcple Hrd`fcd st`ures dgtrhmuoemjere. ]ere hre, D re rfdgem rhc mesd`gdg` fg Hrd`fcdoudrfssder. Ugldbe tje mrf`hhg f oudrfssder whre foudrfss tjft sdgoe tje ke`dggdg` h tje 6:tj oegtury ohgsdstem hgly h f ojest ohrslet. Ke hre tjft f oudrfssohgsdstem h f ojest fgm kfob ohrslet wdtj fg dgsertemsteel ohllfr fs well vfckrfoes fgm afckfrts.

@egerfl _tfnn


25/62

;?

sdze1 0,5x66 oc ohlhrem sdme up vflley-nhlm


sdgb-nhlm

[dmer [= fgm [51 mrf`hhgs fgm `egerfls

D

D

D

D



hutwfrmreverse-nhlm

reverse-nhlm

D D

D

D

nhlm fgmugnhlm

[=1 rdmer's jfgmdg cdmmle phsdtdhg


hutwfrm

reverse-nhlm

reverse-nhlm

vflley-nhlmvflley-nhlm



26/62

;=Mrf`hhg jelcet M6


nhlm fgm ugnhlm

DD

DD

nhlm kejdgmlent fgm rd`jt

swdvel-nhlm

swdvel-nhlmturg hver nhlm kejdgm

f) pull hut shce pfperohrresphgmdg` thtje reverse-nhlmnrhc lfst step fgmpleft f swdvel-nhlmhg khtj sdmes

k) dgsdme hut,repeft kejdgm


D

D

f) reverse-nhlmk) swdvel-nhlm,

repeft kejdgm(`rfsp dgth tjedgger hn tjepleft-nhlms)

DDD

f

k

f) reverse-nhlmk) swdvel-nhlm,

repeft kejdgm

f

f

reverse-nhlm

DDD

f

f) nhlm th tje dgger,repeft kejdgmk) nhlm upwfrm,

repeft kejdgm

f

f) nhlm dgth tje ndrstphobet

k) olhse tje jelcetrd`jt1 nhlm dgth tjelfst phobet

fk

olhse tje jelcetlent1 nhlm dgthtje ndrst phobet

ndgdsjem mrf`hhgjelcet M6

k

k


27/62

;5 Mrf`hhg hnndoer jelcet M;


nhlm fgm ugnhlm

DD

DD


swdvel-nhlm

swdvel-nhlmturg hvernhlm kejdgm

pull hut shce pfperohrresphgmdg` th tjereverse-nhlm nrhc lfststep

pleft-nhlm,repeft kejdgm

D

D

f) reverse-nhlmk) swdvel-nhlm, repeft kejdgm

(`rfsp dgth tje dggerhn tje pleft-nhlms)

DDD

fk

f) reverse-nhlmk) dgsdme hut, repeft kejdgm

k

f) reverse-nhlmk) nhlm mhwg,

repeftkejdgm DD

Df

k

f) nhlm th tje dgger,repeft kejdgm

k) swdvel-nhlm, repeftkejdgm (`rfsp dgthtje dgger)

f

k

vflley-nhlm, repeft kejdgm nhlm kejdgm, repeft kejdgm

f) nhlm dgth tje ndrstphobet

k) olhse tje jelcetrd`jt1 nhlm dgth tjelfst phobet

f

k

olhse tje jelcetlent1 nhlm dgthtje ndrst phobet

ndgdsjem mrf`hghnndoer jelcet M;

D

f


28/62

;>

sdze1 0,5x0,5 oc ohlhrem sdme nfoe up ohllfpse th f preldcdgfry nhlm

nhlm fgm ugnhlm

@ergerfl ohobem jft @6 fgm hnndoer ohobem jft @;

Hnndoer kdohrg @;

@ergerfl kdohrg @6

sdg`g tje nhurtj

D

D

sdgb

DD

DD

vflley-nhlm tje uppernlfp

vflley-nhlm tje upperrd`jt nlfp

pleft-nhlm tje upperlent nlfp

tuob dgthtje phobet

tuob dgth tje phobet

ugnhlm

vflley-nhlm gefrtje oegter ldge,repeft kejdgm


nhlm th tje dgger,repeft kejdgm




hnndoer kdohrg @;

`egerfl kdohrg @6


29/62

;0

sdze1 0,5x0,5 oc ohlhrem sdme nfoe up ohllfpse th f preldcdgfry nhlm

nhlm fgm ugnhlm

Ohobem jft @?

vflley-nhlm

D

D

D

DD

vflley-nhlm tje uppernlfp

vflley-nhlm tjeupper rd`jt nlfp

pleft-nhlm tje upperlent nlfp

tuob dgthtje phobet

tuob dgthtje phobet

ugnhlm

vflley-nhlm gefrtje oegter ldge,repeft kejdgm

nhlm th tje dggergefr tje thp,

repeft kejdgm

ordcp-nhlm

swdvel-nhlm th tjedgger (fgm lhob

tje ordcp-nhlm),repeft kejdgm

nhlm th tje dgger,

repeft kejdgm

vflley-nhlm

ohobem jft @?


30/62

;: Mrf`hhg's pdsthl fgmmrf`hhg hnndoer's sfkre

Ydsthl

nhlm fgm ugnhlm

nhlm fgm ugnhlm

n sdze1 6x? oc ohlhr nfoe up nhlm fgm ugnhlm


nhlm th tje dgger

nhlm th tje lent

DDDD

_fkre _=

vflley-nhlm

vflley-nhlm

sdze1 6x4 oc ohlhrem sdme mhwg nhlm fgm ugnhlm

ndgdsjem sfkre _=

nhlm dg jfln

ordcp-nhlm

ndgdsjem pdsthl

DDD

D

D

D D

nhlm fgm ugnhlmtje upper lfyer

D D

reverse-nhlm

vflley-nhlm

vflley-nhlm

nhlm fgm ugnhlm

swdvel-nhlm

D D

D D

nhlm kejdgm

f, k) reverse-nhlmsf

k

f) reverse-nhlmk) tuob tje upper lfyer

dgth tje phobet

f

k


31/62

;4Mrf`hhg's sfkre _5

vflley-nhlm

vflley-nhlm

sdze1 9,5x0,5 oc ohlhrem sdme mhwg nhlm fgm ugnhlm;x

x

;x

nhlm fgm ugnhlm tje upper lfyer

D D

reverse-nhlm

vflley-nhlm

nhlm fgm ugnhlm

swdvel-nhlm

nhlm kejdgm

reverse-nhlm


D D

vflley-nhlm

D D

D D

tuob tje upper lfyer dgth tje phobet

reverse-nhlm

reverse-nhlm

ndgdsjem sfkre _5


32/62

?9@egerfl's pe

vflley-nhlm

vflley-nhlm

sdze1 9,5x0,5 oc ohlhrem sdme mhwg nhlm fgm ugnhlm;x

x

;x


D D

reverse-nhlm

vflley-nhlm

nhlm fgm ugnhlm

swdvel-nhlm

nhlm kejdgm

reverse-nhlm


D D

vflley-nhlm

D D

D D

tuob tje upper lfyer dgth tje phobet

pdgoj f rfkkdt efr,tje chmel wdll keohce?-mdcegsdhgfl

ndgdsjem pe


33/62

?6

Cemfl C6

sdze1 6x6 oc `hlm th tje nrhgt, sdlver th tje kfob nhlm fgm ugnhlm

nhlm th tje oegter nhur tdces

nhlm th tje dgger nhur tdces

nhlm th tje oegter nhur tdces

D D

nhlm tje nhur tdps th tje `udmem odrole

ourve tje cemfl fs sjhwg dg tje gext nd`ure,tje chmel wdll keohce ?-mdcegsdhgfl

ldbe tjds


34/62

?;

JussfrsJussfr merdves rhc tje Lftdg whrm ourshr,

cefgdg` cesseg`er.

Jug`frdfg jussfrs evhlvem rhc chugtem kfgmdtsh tje Kflbfgs dg tje 6=tj oegtury. Dg tje 6>tj oegturytjey were hr tje strst tdce hrcem up dg fg frcyfgm tje egm h tje 60tj oegtury hugm tjedr wfy dgthtje frcdes h fll Eurhpefg ohugtrdes. Jussfrs freequdppem wdtj f ld`jt-wed`jt sfker fgm f ohuple h pdsthls.

F jussfrs cfdg tfsbs fre tje sphttdg` h tjeegecy, fssfultdg` tje egecys supply trhhps, f`dtftdg`tje egecys cfrojdg` ohlucgs ky fttfobdg` tjec, fgm ght th hr`et ohurder servdoes. Fssfults fgm fttfobs were ohgmuotem wdtj scfll ugdts h up th 659 chugtemjussfrs. Eveg wdtj tje lhwer rfgbs, hkservftdhg h tjeegecy fgm ohurder servdoes requdrem f jd`j level hdgmepegmegoe, meodsdvegess, fgm olevergess.


35/62

??

sdze1 0,5x69,5 oc ohlhrem sdme up vflley-nhlm


sdgb-nhlm

[dmer [> fgm [01 jussfrs

D

D

D

D



hutwfrmreverse-nhlm

reverse-nhlm

D D

D

D

nhlm fgmugnhlm

[>1 rdmer's jfgmdg cdmmle phsdtdhg


hutwfrm

reverse-nhlm

reverse-nhlm



36/62

?=

Jussfr's nur jft J6,jussfr hnndoer's nur jft J; fgmjussfr ègerfl's nur jft J?

sdze1 ?x69 oc ohlhrem nfoe mhwg nhlm fgm ugnhlm

nhlm khtjemès thtje oegterldge

nhlm fgmugnhlmtwh tdces

ugnhlm vflley-nhlmtje exdstdgòrefses

D

D

Dnhlm kejdgmhg tjeexdstdgòrefses

nhlm dg jfln

reverse-nhlm tje wjdtelfyer hg khtj sdmes

DD DD

twh ldttlereverse-nhlms

olhse tje jft1 puttje ohrger dgth tjephobet hn tje lhwerlfyer, repeft kejdgm

dgtercemdftestep

vflley-nhlm

tuob dgth tje dgger tuob dgth tje dgger

Jussfr's nur jft J6

Hnndoer's nur jft J;

@egerfl's nur jft J?Hnndoer's ohobfme

@egerfl's ohobfme

sdze1 9,;x> oc 0 pleft-nhlms

sdze1 9,;x6,= oc pleft-nhlm

= cc; cc

> cc

> cc

.

.

.

> cc

> cc; cc


37/62

?5 Jussfr's sfkre _>

pleft-nhlm

reverse-nhlm

f) vflley-nhlmk) nhlm kejdgm

f) vflley-nhlmk) nhlm kejdgm kut mhg't

sjfrp tje em`e(!)

cetfl nhldl wdtj tje sdze1 9,5x: oc ohlhrem sdme mhwg nhlm fgm ugnhlm

?x

x

;x

vflley-nhlm tje upper lfyer

vflley-nhlm

D

kf

D D

xxxx

ourve tje sfkre dg

stretojdg` dt hg jds em`e(tje cetfl nhdl wdll thlerftetjft)

ndgdsjem sfkre _>


38/62

?>

@regfmders Pdtjdg tje dg fgtry h tje 60tj fgm 6:tj

oegtury tje `regfmders speodfl tfsb wfs th tjrhw jfgm`regfmes. Nhr tjds tje strhgèst, chst sbdll ul fgm hnegflsh tje tfllest reorudts were seleotem fgm trfdgem. ]edrfrcfcegt ohgsdstem kesdmes f sjhulmer kf` ull hjfgm `regfmes h f rd e wdtj f kfyhget fgm f sfker.Dg hrmer ght th ke jdgmerem ky tjedr hwg shlmders wjegtjrhwdg` tje `regfmes, `regfmders whre thwerdg`,gfrrhw ofps, hneg wdtj f phcphg hr tfssel, tjft jfm thke bept dg plfoe ky f ojdg strfp. Lfter hg `regfmder ofpskeofce stftus syckhls fgm jfm hrgftem cetfl plftes hrojdselem cetfl ecklecs hr eveg ur trdccdg`.

@regfmders were ohgsdmerem tje cdldtfry eldte fgm were hneg `dveg espeodflly mfgèrhus tfsbs hr weresegt dgth kfttle hgly ft f oruodfl phdgt dg tje kfttle.]e pershgfl ùfrms h tje Yrussdfg _hlmder Bdg` were regfmders tjft were ofllem Yhtsmfc @dfgts hr@dfgt @ufrms h Yhtsmfc (dg @ercfg1 Yhtsmfcer[deseg`frme). Jhwever, tje Yrussdfg phpulftdhggdobgfcem tjec Lfgè Berls (lhg` ùys). Every

hge h tjec jfm th ke ft lefst > eet tfll, d.e., 6::.? oc(6 Yrussdfg hht 3 ?6?.:5 cc).


39/62

sjeet 61 0,5x0,5 oc pfle yellhw/klue

sjeet ;1 0,5x?,4 oc wjdte/rem

phsdtdhgs hn tje sjeets fs sjhwg

cfrb tje jfln

f) reverse- nhlmk) sdgb- nhlm

[dmer [6; fgm [6?1 `regfmders

D D

chugtfdg-nhlm tjeupper nlfp

hutwfrmreverse-nhlm

reverse-nhlm

D D

D

D

nhlm fgmugnhlm

[6;1 rdmer's jfgmdg cdmmle phsdtdhg

[6?1 rdmer's jfgmdg lhw phsdtdhg

hutwfrmreverse-nhlm


nhlm sjeet ; th tjecfrb


k

f


D

D

squfsj-nhlm

krdg` sjeet ; th tjelhwer em`e hn sjeet 6

nhlm th tje dgger

nhlm th tje dgger

swdg`mhwgwfrm

sjeet ;

sjeet 6

sjeet ;

sjeet 6

sjeet ;

sjeet 6

?0


40/62

sdze1 >x>,05 oc ohlhrem sdme mhwg nhlm f cfrb hgly

@regfmder ofp @O6

D

D

nhlm fgm ugnhlm ed`jt tdces

x x xx x x xx

D

D

nhlm fgm ugnhlm nhur tdces

x

xx

x

x

nhlm kejdgm

squfsj-nhlm lent fgm rd`jt

vflley-nhlm lent fgm rd`jt

sdgb-nhlm



turg hver

vflley-nhlm tje upper lfyerhg khtj sdmes fgm ugnhlm

f) nhlm kejdgm lent fgm rd`jtk) nhlm tje upper lfyer kejdgm

x

xxx

vflley-nhlm hg exdstdg` orefses

f) nhlm kejdgmk) pleft-nhlm dgthtje phobet

lent fgm rd`jt1f) nhlm kejdgmk) tuob dgth

tje phobet

xx

f f

k

k

k

f


yy

k

f

xxx

nhlm tje jelcet dgjfln fgm tuob tjeldttle trdfg`ledgth tje phobet

ndgdsjem`regfmderofp @O6

?:


41/62

@ug

D D

cfrb tje nhurtj rd`jt

nhlm fgm ugnhlm

nhlm fgm ugnhlm

nhlm fgm ugnhlm

ohllfpse th f wfterkhck kfse

nhlm th tje lent


f) nhlm mhwg

k) nhlm kejdgm

f, k) nhlm th tje dgger, repeft kejdgm

D

f k

f

kD

reverse-nhlm

ndgdsjem ug

D D

?4


42/62

=9

Cusdo Ohrps wdtj ChhrsDg tje 6:tj oegtury klfob cdldtfry cusdodfgs

hr servfgts were ohgsdmerem f stftus syckhl wdtjEurhpefg chgfrojs. Ohcpfrem th tje hllhwdgòegturdes F rdofgs dg Eurhpe, dg tje Fè hEgld`jtegcegt, jfm f jd`j shodfl stftus. _hce h tjeccfrrdem dgth tje Eurhpefg frdsthorfoy.

Gfturfl sodegoe h tje 6:tj oegtury ohgsdmeremfg F rdofg fg exhtdo rfrdty h gfture fgm tje tjeg pjdlhshpjy h egld`jtegcegt mesordkem jdc fs fjucfg dmefl, tje ghkle sfvfè.

]e Yrussdfg shlmder bdg` fssecklem f cdldtfrycusdo ohrps cfme up h chhrs tjft ohgsdstem hfpprhxdcftely ?9 F rdofgs fs cusdodfgs. Dg 60;=f speodfl cusdo sojhhl wfs estfkldsjem hr tjec dgYhtsmfc. ]e ugd hrcs h tjese cusdodfgs jfm hrdegtfltrfdts fgm tjedr jefms were ohverem wdtj turkfgs.Efoj F rdofg cusdodfg whre ;-dgoj geob rdg`s fs well fs mrhp efrrdg`s cfme h pure sdlver. Keofuse htjds dcf`dgftdve fgm vflufkle hutstt, F rdofg cdldtfry

cusdodfgs were hneg ohllhqudflly ofllem urbs hrAfgdzfrdes.


43/62

=6

sdze1 0,5x66 oc ohlhrem sdme mhwg vflley-nhlm

nhlm th tje dgger

f) reverse-nhlm

k) sdgb-nhlm

[dmer [69 fgm [661 chhrs

D

D

D

D

chugtfdg-nhlmtje upper nlfp hutwfrmreverse-nhlm

reverse-nhlm

D D

D

D

nhlm fgmugnhlm

[691 rdmer's jfgmdg cdmmle phsdtdhg


hutwfrmreverse-nhlm

vflley-nhlm

vflley-nhlm


D

D k

f

f) nhlm mhwgtjeupper nlfp

k) reverse-nhlm

k

f


44/62

=;]urkfg ]6 fgm hnndoer turkfg ];

]urkfg ]6 Hnndoer turkfg ];

x

x

nhlm kejdgm

x x

twh reverse-nhlms

xxxx

vflley-nhlm tje rd`jt ohrger hg tje thp th tje khtthc em`e

vflley-nhlm ft tje exdstdg` orefse

vflley-nhlm hver fgm hver ky dgorefsdg` tje mdstfgoe f ldttle kdt

nhlm kejdgm ugnhlm

nhlm dgth tje phobet

ndgdsjem turkfg ]6

out gefr tje turkfg em`e(lhhb nhrewfrm tje gexttjree steps kenhre yhu out)

squfsj-nhlm

twh vflley-nhlms

nhlm kejdgm

ndgdsjem hnndoerturkfg ];

sdze1 65x6,5 oc ohlhrem nfoe up nhlm fgm ugnhlm

nhlm fgm ugnhlm tjeupper lfyer


45/62

=?

Mruc M6

sdze1 >x? oc ohlhrem nfoe up twh vflley-nhlms

nhlm th tje lent

swdvel-nhlm tjedgger lfyerhutwfrm

D

D

D

D

D

D

D

D

D

D

D

D

D

DD

turg hver

turg hverohckdgftdhg nhlm1swdvel-nhlm (f)wdtj f vflley-nhlm (k)

D

D

D

D

D

DD

f

k

squfsj-nhlm

ourve f oyldgmer fgmtuob tje lent em`edgth tje phobetfs nfr fs yhu ofg,tje chmel wdllkeohce ?-mdcegsdhgfl

ohckdgftdhg nhlm1chugtfdg-nhlmtje tdp (f) fgmpleft-nhlm tjeoyldgmer (k)

[htfte tjechmel 6:9 h vertdofllymhwgwfrm

lhob tjepfper dg

nhlmdg` thtje dgger

[htfte tjechmel 6:9 h vertdofllyupwfrm

f

k

6:9 vflley-nhlmf jhhb nhrjfg`dg`up tje mruc

6:9

splegmdmndgdsj


46/62

==Cfoe (cdldtfry sd`gfl kfthg) Mruc stdob

Nlute

sdze1 6x> oc use cetfl nhdl nhlm fgm ugnhlm

sdze1 ;x; oc ohlhrem sdze

mhwg nhlm kejdgm

gefr tje em`e

rhll up th foyldgmer

ndgdsojemmruc stdob

nhlm fgm ugnhlm

D

D

D D

nhlm fgm ugnhlm

pleft-nhlm

swdvel-nhlm khtj sdmes

D D

nhlm fgm ugnhlm

nhlm th tje oegterldge

swdvel-nhlm

vflley-nhlm

tjree vflley-nhlms

pdgoj th f chmdndemrfkkdt-efr

ourve f lhhp fs sjhwg

ndgdsjem cfoe

sdze1 ;x= oc nhlm kejdgm

gefr tje em`e

rhll up th foyldgmer

ndgdsojemnlute


47/62

=5 ]rucpet

sdze1 6x66 oc nhlm fgm ugnhlm

nhlm fgm ugnhlm

D

D

D D

nhlm fgm ugnhlm

pleft-nhlm

swdvel-nhlm khtj sdmes

D D

nhlm fgm ugnhlm

nhlm th tje oegterldge

swdvel-nhlm

vflley-nhlm

twh vflley-nhlms

nhlm fgm ugnhlm

D DD

D D

twh vflley-nhlms

twh vflley-nhlmsD D D D

trucpet ndgdsjem


48/62

=>

]rhhp OhlhrsDg tje kfttles h tje 60tj fgm 6:tj oegtury trhhp

ohlhrs were dcphrtfgt f`s hg tje kfttlestelm. ]eyservem fs fg hrdegtftdhg hr tjhse pfrtdodpftdg` dg tjest`jt. rhhp ohlhrs were f syckhl h esprdt me ohrps, fgdtec h jd`j, chrfl vflue fgm jhghr hr efoj fgm everyshlmder. ]ds fmhrftdhg wegt keyhgm hges hwg sel 1

rhhp ohlhrs jfm th ke me egmem ft fll ohst.

Kefrer h tje trhhp ohlhrs dg kfttle wfs, dg chstofses f kfttle veterfg, reldfkle fgm ohurf`ehus. Ugmergh odroucstfgoes wfs je th lhwer hr mrhp tje ohlhrs.]e lhss h tje trhhp ohlhrs wfs ght hgly f lhss hhges jhghr kut tje egecy jfvdg` ofpturem tjetrhhp ohlhrs usem tjec dccemdftely th cdslefm tjeseecdg`ly hwg trhhp ugdts fgm dg tje egm ordtdofllydg uegoe tje hutohce h tje kfttle. ]e trhhp ohlhrssd`gdstofgtly dg uegoem chrfle1 D tje trhhp ohlhrs

ell, tje respeotdve trhhp ugdt prfotdoflly mdm ght exdstfgychre dt wfs mhhcem.


49/62


50/62


51/62

=4Nlf` N?

sdze1 :x=,= oc ohlhrem sdme mhwg nhlm dg jfln fgm ugnhlm

sdze1 ;x66 oc rhll up th f oyldgmer

dgsert tje nlf`

splegmdm ndgdsj

D

D

D

D

sdze1 :x= oc ohlhrem sdme mhwg nhlm dg jfln fgm ugnhlm


k

f

nhlm dg jfln

ndgdsjem Nlf` N?

D

D

D

D

D

D

twh vflley-nhlms

nhlm dg jfln

Nlf` N=

ndgdsjem Nlf` N=


52/62

59Nlf` N5

sdze1 =,=x=,= oc ohlhrem sdme

mhwg cfrb tje jflns

hgly

sdze1 ;x6; oc rhll up th f oyldgmer

dgsert tje nlf`

splegmdm ndgdsj

sdze1 6;x? oc ohlhrem nfoe up nhlm dg jfln


k

k

ff

ndgdsjemNlf` N5

Nlf` N>

nhlm dg jfln tje upper nlfp,

repeft kejdgm

nhlm dg jfln tje upper lfyer hglyfgm ugnhlm, repeft kejdgm

nhlm f rfkkdt efr, repeft kejdgm

pleft-nhlm, repeft kejdgm

hpeg tje trdfg`le, repeft kejdgm

nhlm th tje oegter, repeft kejdgm

twh vflley-nhlms th tje `udmeldges, repeft kejdgm

twh vflley-nhlms, repeft kejdgm

nhlm th tje dgger twh tdces,repeft kejdgm

ndgdsjem nlf` N>


53/62

56Nlf` N0


dgsert tje nlf`

splegmdm ndgdsj

sdze1 64,5x?,5 oc ohlhrem nfoe mhwg nhlm dg jfln

nhlm dg sevegtj fgm ugnhlm

xxxxxxx

squfsj-nhlm

xx

xx

twh vflley-nhlms hg exdstdg` orefses

nhlm kejdgm

nhlm kejdgm

ndgdsjem nlf` N0


54/62

5;Htthcfg nlf` N:


dgserthr `lue hgtje nlf`

splegmdm ndgdsj

sdze1 6>x= oc hr 65x?,05 oc ohlhrem nfoe mhwg nhlm dg jfln

nhlm dg jflntje upper nlfp,repeft kejdgm

ohllfpse tjeupper lfyerth f wfterkhckkfse, repeftkejdgm

nhlm tje tdpsth tje oegter,repeft kejdgm

pull hut shcepfper,repeft kejdgm

nhlm fgm ugnhlm,repeft kejdgm

swdvel-nhlm,repeft kejdgm

twhswdvel-nhlms,repeft kejdgm

f) twh vflley-nhlms,repeft kejdgm

k) nhlm dgsdme ft thp

fgm khtthc

f) nhlm dgsdme twh tdces,repeft kejdgm

k) nhlm kejdgm twh tdces,repeft kejdgm

x

x

k

k

f

ff

x

x

xx

xx

ndgdsjem htthcfgnlf` N:

nhlm kejdgm nhur tdces,repeft kejdgm

ff

x

x

x

x

k

k


55/62

5?@regfmder's nlf` N4


dgserthr `lue hgtje nlf`

splegmdm ndgdsj

sdze1 65x=,5 oc ohlhrem nfoe mhwg nhlm dg jfln

ohllfpse tje upper lfyerth f wfterkhck kfse,repeft kejdgm


nhlm tje tdpsth tje oegter,repeft kejdgm

pull hut shcepfper,

repeft kejdgm

nhlm fgm ugnhlm,repeft kejdgm

vflley-nhlm fscfl trdfg`leke`dggdg` fttje cfrbem phdgt,repeft kejdgm

twh swdvel-nhlms th tjecfrbem em`e,repeft kejdgm

nhlm dgsdmelent fgmrd`jt

xxxxxx

xx

ndgdsjem`regfmder'snlf` N4


56/62

5=

Nhlmdg` _yckhls


57/62

55 Chugtfdg nhlm^flley nhlmZ-rfy ldge hr f ùdme ldge

Yfper emèOut

Orefse ldge[est hn tje chmel dsg't mrfwg

Ldges

Nhlm

Nhlm kejdgm hr th tje dgger

Ugnhlm

[epeft steps 0-65

[htfte tje chmel 49 jhrdzhgtflly th tje rd`jt

0-65

[epeft, repeft twh tdces, repeft tjree tdces, ...

Frrhws

Yleft-nhlm (zd`zf`s)

[d`jt fg`le (e. `. ketweeg orefse fgm relftem emè)

Equfl mdstfgoes

[elftdhg ketweeg mdstfgoes (sjhwg ;1?)

Nurtjer chre syckhls

Nhlm th tje relftem phdgt

Nhlm fgm ugnhlm

Ordcp-nhlm

@rfsp tje pfper hn tje relftem phdgt fgm nhlm

zhhc

[htfte tje chmel 49 vertdoflly mhwgwfrm

_dgb hr pusj hr pull tje pfper jere

Klhw up tje chmel jere

]urg hver th tje rd`jt

Qhhcdg` dg tje cfrbem seotdhg

[htfte tje chmel =5 h th tje lent

49

49

;x ?x

D D

Equfl fg`les (e. `. ketweeg orefse fgm twh relftem emès)

=5h


58/62

5>

Fppegmdx1 ]je Jdsthrdo[dmer fgm Jhrse


59/62

50


60/62

5:

Fkhut tje Futjhr

Aegs-Jel` M ce Phrb ExperdegoeFwfrmem wdtj tje Yukldo [elftdhgs Fwfrm ;966 h tje Nrfugjh er _hodety(Nrfugjh er-Bhccugdbftdhgspreds ;966) hr tje ohgoept fgm dcplecegtftdhgh tje Y[ ofcpfd`g ]e Frt h Dg hrcftdos_dgoe 644; Frt Mesd`ger ft tje Nrfugjh er Dgstdtute hr _hnwfre fgm _ystecsEg`dgeerdg` D__Ecplhyem ky tje Fofmecy h _odegoe h tje @ercfg Mechorftdo [epukldo

rhc 64:5-6446 hr sodegtdsto resefroj dg tje stelm h pfrfllel ohcputdg`

[elevfgt Experdegoe dg Hrd`fcdHothker 6>-;>, ;9661 _peodfl ùest ft tje fll sojhhl krefb prh`rfc FutucgLefves - Jhldmfy Nhlmer dg tje hy Cuseuc _hltfu, Ghrtjerg @ercfgy.Hothker 6>, ;9691 _peodfl ùest ft tje ;tj CMH h Hrd`fcd Meutsojlfgm,@ercfgy, Klfgbegjfdg.Cfroj 6;-6=, ;9691 _peodfl ùest ft tje ;0tj Hrd`fcd Ohgvegtdhg h tje Hrd-`fcd _hodety Getjerlfgms, Elspeet, ohg eregoe oegter Cegghrhme.Yrh essdhgfl emdthr hr tje hrd`fcd khhb Nfszdgderegme Hrd`fcd-_ojfojtelgky hchbh Nuse (pukldsjem ky Mrhecer-Bgfur, @ercfgy, _eptecker ;990,D_KG-6?1 40:-?-=;>->=5;?-4._dgoe ;990 futjhr h severfl hrd`fcd khhbs.;99>-;966 vhlugteerdg` hr tje cf`fzdge mer flter, cecker h tje emdthrdflstf (emdthr1 Hrd`fcd Meutsojlfgm e.^.)._dgoe ;99= cfgy ohgtrdkutdhgs dg ohgvegtdhg khhbs h vfrdhus hrd`fcd shode-tdes, e.`.1 FEY (_pfdg), KH_ (Ugdtem Bdg`mhc), OMH (Dtfly), CNYY (Nrfgoe),Hrd`fcd Frègtdgdf, HM (@ercfgy), H_G (Getjerlfgm)

_dgoe ;99= cecker h tje @ercfg hrd`fcd shodety Hrd`fcd Meutsojlfgme. .Dg ;99? strst hwg hrd`fcd oreftdhgs ft cemduc fgm jd`j level h md oulty.]drm ohgtfot wdtj hrd`fcd dg ;99; ofusem ky cy mfu`jter Yfulf fgm cy shgLehgfrmh wjh wfgtem th hlm fdrplfges rhc tje khhb ]e @reft Dgtergf-tdhgfl Yfper Fdrplfge Khhb ky Aerry Cfgmer, @ehrè Mdpple fgm Jhwfrm@hssfè._eohgm ohgtfot wdtj hrd`fcd dg 6449 ofusem ky Erdo Beggewfys OhcpleteHrd`fcd.Ndrst ohgtfot wdtj hrd`fcd dg 64:? ofusem ky tje khhb Hrd`fcd, Afpfgdsoje

Nfltbugst ky Emdtj Phl (khhb wdtj f wdme rfgè h trfmdtdhgfl Afpfgese ch-mels).


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Aegs-Jel`e Mfjceg (len) wdtj jds mfu`tjer fgm shg, meoecker ;966.


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An Origami Army of the Past

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