1. 1. AN ORGANIZATION STUDY AT INDIAN RAILWAYS (SOUTHERN ZONE) Submitted to Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the Degree of Master of Business Administration (MBA) Submitted by BOBY JAMES (Reg. No. 62708) Under the Guidance of MR.SUDHEESH V.C Asst.Proffessor: RANI VARGHEESE Sr.DCM/TVC (Company Guide) Faculty Guide DEPARTMENT OF MANAGEMENT STUDIES MUSALIAR INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT PATHANAMTHITTA 2014-2016
2. 2. MUSALIAR COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY PATHANAMTHITTA CERTIFICATE This is to certify that this report, based on the organization study conducted by BOBY JAMES, second semester MBA student of our college for 30 days starting from 18th May 2015 at INDIAN RAILWAYS (SOUTHERN ZONE) is a bonafide report submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Business Administration of Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam. Prof. Rani Varghese Prof. Prakash Nair Faculty Guide Head of the Department EXTERNAL EXAMINER
3. 3. DECLARATION I hereby declare that this project report titled Organizational Study at INDIAN RAILWAYS has been prepared by me during the academic year 2014 - 2015, under the guidance of Prof. Rani Varghese, Department of Management Studies, Musaliar College of Engineering and Technology, Pathanamthitta. I also hereby declare that this project report has not been submitted to any other University or institute for the award of any degree or diploma. Pathanamthitta BOBY JAMES Date.
4. 4. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The elation and gratification of this organization study will be incomplete without mentioning all who helped me to make it possible, whose encouragement and guidance were valuable to me throughout conducting the organizational study. First and foremost I thank God Almighty for giving me the ability to do this study and make the venture a success. I express my sincere thanks to my guide at INDIAN RAILWAY, Mr. Sudheesh V.C (Senior Divisional Commercial Manager Trivandrum Division) for providing the necessary guidelines to conduct the study at the organization. I am also thankful to all the department heads for their valuable suggestions and constructive criticism throughout the preparation of the report. I am obliged to my Guide Prof. Rani Varghese for her valuable guidance and help throughout the completion of the study. I extent my thanks to all the lecturers and staff members of the Department of Management Studies for their tireless help. Last but not least I express my sincere gratitude to my parents and friends for their constant help and encouragement and valuable prayers motivating me mentally for the successful completion of this organization study.
5. 5. TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter No: Particulars Page No: 1 1. Introduction 1.1 Purpose of the study 1.2 Significance of the study 1.3 Objectives of the study 1.4 Methodology of the study 1.5 Limitations of the study 1.6 Period of the study 1 2 2 2 3 3 3 2 2. Industry profile 4 3 3. Company profile 3.1 Product & service profile 3.2 Organizational structure 3.2.1 Subsidiaries companies 3.2.2 Functional braches 3.2.3 Organizational chart 8 16 24 27 39 59 4 4. Departmental analysis 4.1 Accounts Department 4.2 Commercial Department 4.3 Electrical Department 4.4 Engineering Department 4.5 Medical Department 4.6 Personnel Department 4.7 Stores Department 4.8 Signal & Telecom Department 4.9 Security Department 4.10 Construction Organization 4.11 Vigilance Organization 4.12 Safety Department 4.13 Public Relations Department 4.14 Mechanical Department 60 61 64 68 72 75 78 88 93 102 106 107 111 114 116 5 SWOT analysis 122 6 Findings & suggestions 124 7 Conclusion 126 8 Bibliography 127
6. 6. LIST OF TABLES Table No: TITLE Page No: 1 Strength of railway employees 2013-14 11 2 Key statistics 2013-14 12 3 Revenue of Indian railway 2013-14 13 4 Types of passenger services 17 5 Accommodation classes 19 6 Indian railway zones 26 7 Functions of engineering officers 72 8 Railway codes & manuals used by mechanical department 117 9 Productions units of mechanical department 118 10 Indian railway workshops 118
7. 7. LIST OF FIGURES Fig. No: TITLE Page No: 1 Revenue of Indian railway 2013-14 13 2 Indian railway zone map 14 3 System map of southern railway 15 4 Organizational structure hierarchy 24 5 Organizational structure chart 59 6 Accounts department hierarchy 63 7 Commercial department hierarchy 67 8 Electrical department hierarchy 70 9 Status of Indian railway electrification 71 10 Engineering department hierarchy 74 11 Medical department hierarchy 77 12 Personnel department hierarchy 87 13 Signal & telecom department hierarchy 101 14 Vigilance department hierarchy 110 15 Safety department hierarchy 113 16 Public relations department hierarchy 115 17 ISO certificates 120 18 Mechanical department hierarchy 121
8. 8. IF YOU NEED FULL COPY OF THIS REPORT IN ANY FORMAT CONTACT: BOBY JAMES Mob: +91-8129230792 e-mail:bobyjamesvkr@gmail.com
9. 9. INRODUCTION The role played by the Indian Railways in our countrys socio-political development is indisputable. Apart from its stated duty of transporting men and goods across the length and breadth of the country, it has played a stellar role in times of natural and man-made disasters. The role of the railways becomes even more crucial to the development of the country as we enter the 21st century and the pace of the growth of the economy accelerates. The need for a efficient transportation sector would become more crucial with every passing year. Thus it is necessary for the Railways to remain competitive, in terms of both cost and quality of services, to ensure an efficiently functioning transport sector in the country. Transport is the lifeline of any developing economy. The growth and development of any nation truly rests on the growth of its transport sector. Transport provides access to opportunities, supports economic activities, and facilitates social interactions. Indias transport sector is large and diverse and caters to the needs of about 1.03 billion people (Government of India, 2001). Transport sector in India can be classified under three broad categories depending upon the lead distances, namely urban and sub-urban; regional and national; and international transport. The transport system in the country comprises of a number of distinct modes and services including roads, railways, air, inland water transport, coastal shipping, and pipelines. The transport sectors contribution to Indias GDP was 6.6% in 2006-07. Out of which, share of railways stands at 1.2% for the period. Transport by other means (road, air and water) constitute 5.4% of the GDP. Road sector has emerged as the most dominant sector amongst all the modes. The share of roads, railways and air in passenger transport in India in 2006-07 stood at 86.7%, 12.9% and 0.4% respectively. In freight transport, the share of roads, railways, maritime and air stands at 61.2%, 38.6%, 0.2% and 0.02% respectively in 2006-07. European development economists have argued that the existence of modern rail infrastructure is a significant indicator of a country's economic advancement: this perspective is illustrated notably through the Basic Rail Transportation Infrastructure Index (known as BRTI Index). India is a land of diverse culture, and Railways play a key role in not only meeting the transport needs of the country, but also in binding together dispersed areas and promoting national integration. Indian Railways have emerged as the sinews of the Indian economy, and have reached out to bring together the great Indian family. An Indian railway was first introduced in India in the year 1853 by East India Company. Indian Railways have been the prime movers to the Nation and have the distinction of being one of the largest railway systems in the world under a single management. As compared to road transport, the Railway has a number of intrinsic
10. 10. advantages. Indian Railways, therefore, rightly occupy pride of place in the growth and development of the nation. 1.1 PURPOSE OF THE STUDY The purpose or scope of the study includes familiarization for organization in all business aspects. The organizational study as INDIAN RAILWAY, Sothern Division provided an on hand experience on the various business practices existing in the organization and was done over a period of 30 days. 1.2 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY Having become one of the most prevalent debates in recent years, organisational related studies have become a major topic of study nowadays. Organisation as defined as a consciously coordinated social unit, composed of two or more people that functions on a relatively continuous basis to achieve a common goal or set of goals. So we can see that individuals, walking under the flag of organisation are valuable resources to the firm. It is totally impossible to find an organisation without manpower. So , as long as organisations are consisted of individuals, it is very important to know and learn about these fundamental elements of the firms. And that is the reason the concept of organisational behaviour is a major field of study of these days. Organisational behaviour is defined as a field of study that investigates the impact that individuals, groups , and structure have on behaviour with in organizations effectiveness. Or in other words, it is the study of what people think, feel, and do in and organisations. 1.3 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY The objectives of the organisational study in INDIAN RAILWAYS are To familiarize with the organisation structure and its functioning To study about different departments and their functions and activities To find the policies and procedures of the organisation To know about the strength, weakness, opportunities and threats of the organisation To analyse the problems faced by the organisation To study the overall performance of the organisation
11. 11. 1.4 METHODOLOGY OF THE STUDY There are two types of data used for this study: Primary sources Secondary sources Primary data for this study is collected by direct interview with the divisional railway manager and heads of different departments and staffs on Indian railway. Primary data is collected through interview and observation. Secondary data for this study is collected from the Railway publications, Annual reports, websites, circulars, and internal documents. In addition to these articles data are collected from journals, books, magazines, internet etc. 1.5 LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY There were some limitations present in the study conducted during the period. They are as follows: The study is conducted within a short period of time and thus time is a major limiting factor to make a detailed study and analysis about the organisation. The study is limited to my experience and knowledge. The study is made about only one enterprise and therefore interfere comparison is not possible Although there were sufficient supports from the staff of the company, a additional tight work schedule prevented from giving additional information. There is restriction on the supply of data to maintain securely on various matters relating to their business 1.6 PERIOD OF THE STUDY The study was conducted for the period of 30 days (18-May-2015 to 18-June-2015)
12. 12. INDUSTRY PROFILE The railway industry encompasses not only the operating railway companies and transit authorities, but also the various government regulatory agencies, railway associations, professional organizations, manufacturers and suppliers of locomotives, railcars, maintenance work equipment and track materials, consultants, contractors, educational institutes and, most important of all, the shipping customers. Government owned freight railways are nowadays limited to some regional lines where transportation service must be protected for the economic well being of the communities. Passenger railways, on the other hand, are generally owned by governments. Transcontinental services, such as the Amtrak or VIA Rail in Canada, are corporations solely owned by the respective Federal Governments. These passenger railway companies normally do not own the trackage infrastructures. Except for certain connecting routes and dedicated high-speed corridors, they merely operate the passenger equipment on existing tracks owned by freight railways. Local rapid transit systems are usually operated as public utilities by the individual municipalities or transit authorities on their own trackage. Commuter services may be operated by government agencies or private sector on either their own or other railway owned trackage. Freight railways in North America, including those owned by government, are usually incorporated as separate legal entities from their owning shareholders. The major railroads are usually owned by public companies with shares traded through the various stock exchanges. Due to their age, most of these companies were incorporated under special charters or acts of Congress. Private companies, the shares of which are not openly traded, may own the smaller regional or short line railroads. Rail transport is a means of conveyance of passengers and goods, by way of wheeled vehicles running on rails. It is also commonly referred to as train transport. The United States has the world's longest railway network, followed by China and India. The US rail network, with an operating route length over 250,000km, is the biggest in the world. Freight lines constitute about 80% of the country's total rail network, while the total passenger network spans about 35,000km. The US freight rail network consists of 538 railroads (seven Class I railroads, 21 regional railroads, and 510 local railroads) operated by private organisations. Union Pacific Railroad and BNSF Railway are among the largest freight railroad networks in the world. The national passenger rail network Amtrak comprises of more than 30 train routes connecting 500 destinations across 46 American states. A plan is in place to build a
13. 13. 27,000km national high speed rail system in four phases by 2030. Construction of the California high-speed rail, the country's first high-speed rail project, was well underway by the beginning of 2014. Three more high-speed projects including the Midwest high-speed rail line connecting Chicago with Indianapolis or St. Louis, Texas high-speed rail, and the Northeast High-Speed Corridor are under development. China's rail network, with a route length of over 100,000km, ranks as the second biggest rail network in the world. The extensive network, operated by state-owned China Railway Corporation, carried 2.08 billion passengers (the second highest after Indian Railways) and 3.22 billion tonnes of freight (the second highest after the US railway network) in 2013. Rail is the principal mode of transport in China. The country's rail network consists of over 90,000km of conventional rail routes and approximately 10,000km of high-speed lines. The total rail network of the country is targeted to exceed 270,000km by 2050. The rapid expansion of China's high-speed rail network in recent years makes it by far the largest in the world. The 2,298km Beijing Guangzhou high speed line is the world's longest high-speed railway line. The total length of China's high- speed rail network is projected to reach 50,000km by 2020. Russia's whole network, operated by state-owned monopoly Russian Railways (RZD), runs for over 85,500km. In 2013, the network carried 1.08 billion passengers and 1.2 billion tonnes of freight - the third highest freight volume after the US and China. The Russian railway network incorporates12 main lines, many of which provide direct connections to the European and Asian national railway systems such as Finland, France, Germany, Poland, China, Mongolia and North Korea. The Trans-Siberian Railway (the Moscow-Vladivostok line), spanning a length of 9,289km, is the longest and one of the busiest railway lines in the world. RZD introduced the Sapsan high-speed rail service between St. Petersburg and Moscow in 2009, but it has not proved successful due to sharing existing lines with low-speed train operations. A dedicated high-speed corridor between the two cities has been planned with a proposed investment of $35bn. RZD expects to have 2,500km of high-speed rail between Moscow and Kiev, Minsk and Kursk by 2015. Canada's 48,000km of rail lines makes its national network the fifth longest in the world. Canadian National Railway (CN) and Canadian Pacific Railway (CPR) are the two major freight rail networks operating in the country, while Via Rail operates the 12,500km intercity passenger rail service. Algoma Central Railway and Ontario Northland Railway are among the other smaller railways providing passenger services to certain rural areas in the country. Three Canadian cities - Montreal, Toronto and Vancouver - have extensive commuter train systems. In addition, the Rocky Mountaineer and
14. 14. Royal Canadian Pacific offer luxury rail tours to view the scenic beauty of certain mountainous areas in the country. Canada, however, does not have a single high-speed line on its railway network. Many high-speed lines such as Toronto-Montreal, Calgary- Edmonton and Montreal-Boston have been proposed, but none of these have progressed beyond preliminary studies as of January 2014. State-owned Deutshe Bahn dominates Germany's 41,000km railway network, accounting for about 80% of the total freight traffic and 99% of the long-distance passenger traffic. More than 150 private railway companies apart from Deutshe Bahn operate on the network, providing regional passenger and freight services. The SBahn serves major suburban areas, while the Hamburg Cologne Express (HKX) is the major long-distance passenger operator after Deutshe Bahn. The German railway network had more than 1,300km of high-speed railway track operational as of mid-2013 and more than 400km of new high-speed line under construction. Deutshe Bahn opened high-speed services, under the name Intercity Express (ICE), for the first time in 1991. The high-speed network, operated at speeds up to 320km/h, now connects major German cities and neighbouring countries. The Australian railway network is the world's seventh longest at more than 40,000km. Most of the railway network infrastructure is owned and maintained by the Australian government either at the federal or state level. The majority of the trains on the network are, however, operated by private companies Aurizon (formerly QR National), Genesee and Wyoming Australia, and Pacific National are among the major freight operators on the network. Great Southern Railway, NSW Train Link and Queensland Rail are the leading long-distance passenger rail operators. Metro Trains Melbourne, Sydney Trains, V/Line and Adelaide Metro operate commuter passenger services in major suburban areas. In addition, a number of private mining railways operate in the country. The Australian railway network does not have a high-speed line yet. A high-speed rail network connecting Brisbane, Sydney, Canberra and Melbourne is proposed to be built with an estimated capital cost of $114bn, but the first phase of the 1,748km high-speed network will not be realised before 2035. Argentina's current rail network spanning over 36,000km in length ranks the eighth largest in the world. Argentina used to have about 47,000km of rail network at the end of the Second World War, mostly operated by British and French-owned railway companies. But the decline of profits and the rise of highway construction in the subsequent decades reduced the network to the 36,000km of line that exists today. The railway companies operating on the network were nationalised in 1948 with
15. 15. the creation of the state railroad corporation Ferrocarriles Argentinos. The Argentinean railway was privatised between 1992 and 1995 with the grant of concessions to different private companies for operating six divisions of the formerly state-owned rail network. Cities such as Buenos Aires, Resistencia and Mendoza offer extensive suburban passenger services, as well as the long distance passenger lines in the country. The much talked-about Argentine high-speed railway is not a reality yet. An announcement was made in 2006 to develop a 310km high-speed line between Buenos Aires and Rosario. The project was, however, not implemented as of 2013. A second high-speed line stretching 400km between Rosario and Cordoba has also been proposed. At 29,000km, the French railway network is the second biggest in Europe and the ninth biggest in the world. The French railway network is predominantly passenger-centric and more than 50% of the country's lines are electrified. State-owned Socit Nationale des Chemins de fer Franais (SNCF) is the principal railway operator in the country. The country's high-speed long distance passenger services are known as Train Grande Vitesse (TGV) and the standard long-distance passenger services are branded Intercits. The short and middle distance passenger rail services are known as Transport Express Rgional (TER). The network offers linkages to adjacent countries such as Belgium, Italy and the UK. France was one of the early adopters of high-speed rail technology; SNCF brought into operation the TGV high-speed rail in 1981. The country's current high-speed network exceeds a length of 1,550km. The Tours- Bordeaux high-speed rail project, which is due for completion in 2017, will add another 302km into the network. The first railway line in Brazil became operational in 1984. The railway network was nationalised in 1957 with the creation of Rede Ferroviria Federal Sociedade Annima (RFFSA). The country's railway network was divided into different services to be operated by a range of private and public operators by 2007. The 28,000km network is predominantly freight-focussed and includes major iron ore rail lines. The country's passenger rail services are mostly concentrated in urban and suburban areas. Eight Brazilian cities have metro systems, So Paulo Metro being the biggest among them. In 2012, the Brazilian government announced the construction of 10,000km of new lines comprised of freight and high-speed passenger lines by 2042. A 511km high-speed rail link between So Paulo and Rio de Janeiro has been planned for development in the country, but the project is yet to take off.
16. 16. COMPANY PROFILE Indian Railways (reporting mark IR / . ) is an Indian state owned enterprise, owned and operated by the Government of India through the Ministry of Railways. It is one of the world's largest railway networks comprising 115,000 km (71,000 mi) of track over a route of 65,436 km (40,660 mi) and 7,172 stations. In 2014-15, IR carried 8.397 billion passengers annually or more than 23 million passengers a day (roughly half of whom were suburban passengers) and 1050.18 million tons of freight in the year. In 20142015 Indian Railways had revenues of 1634.50 billion (US$26 billion) which consists of 1069.27 billion (US$17 billion) from freight and 402.80 billion (US$6.4 billion) from passengers tickets. Railways were first introduced to India in the year 1853 from Mumbai to Thane. In 1951 the systems were nationalised as one unit, the Indian Railways, becoming one of the largest networks in the world. IR operates both long distance and suburban rail systems on a multi-gauge network of broad, metre and narrow gauges. It also owns locomotive and coach production facilities at several places in India and are assigned codes identifying their gauge, kind of power and type of operation. Their operations cover twenty nine states and seven union territories and also provide limited international services to Nepal, Bangladesh and Pakistan. Indian Railways is the world's seventh largest commercial or utility employer, by number of employees, with over 1.307 million employees as of last published figures in 2013 .As for rolling stock, IR holds over 239,281 Freight Wagons, 62,924 Passenger Coaches and 9,013 Locomotives (43 steam, 5,345 diesel and 4,568 electric locomotives).The trains have a 5 digit numbering system and runs 12,617 passenger trains and 7421 freight trains daily. As of 31 March 2013, 20,884 km (12,977 mi) (31.9%) of the total 65,436 km (40,660 mi) route length was electrified. Since 1960, almost all electrified sections on IR use 25,000 Volt AC traction through overhead catenary delivery.
17. 17. HISTORY OF INDIAN RAILWAYS The history of rail transport in India began in the mid-nineteenth century. The core of the pressure for building Railways in India came from London. In 1848, there was not a single kilometre of railway line in India. The country's first railway, built by the Great Indian Peninsula Railway (GIPR), opened in 1853, between Bombay and Thane. A British engineer, Robert Maitland Brereton, was responsible for the expansion of the railways from 1857 onwards. The Allahabad-Jabalpur branch line of the East Indian Railway had been opened in June 1867. Brereton was responsible for linking this with the GIPR, resulting in a combined network of 6,400 km (4,000 mi). Hence it became possible to travel directly from Bombay to Calcutta. This route was officially opened on 7 March 1870 and it was part of the inspiration for French writer Jules Verne's book Around the World in Eighty Days. At the opening ceremony, the Viceroy Lord Mayo concluded that it was thought desirable that, if possible, at the earliest possible moment, the whole country should be covered with a network of lines in a uniform system. By 1875, about 95 million were invested by British companies in India guaranteed railways. By 1880 the network had a route mileage of about 14,500 km (9,000 mi), mostly radiating inward from the three major port cities of Bombay, Madras and Calcutta. By 1895, India had started building its own locomotives, and in 1896, sent engineers and locomotives to help build the Uganda Railways. In 1900, the GIPR became a government owned company. The network spread to the modern day states of Ahom Kingdom, Rajputhana and Madras Presidency and soon various autonomous kingdoms began to have their own rail systems. In 1905, an early Railway Board was constituted, but the powers were formally vested under Lord Curzon. It served under the Department of Commerce and Industry and had a government railway official serving as chairman, and a railway manager from England and an agent of one of the company railways as the other two members. For the first time in its history, the Railways began to make a profit. In 1907 almost all the rail companies were taken over by the government. The following year, the first electric locomotive made its appearance. With the arrival of World War I, the railways were used to meet the needs of the British outside India. With the end of the war, the railways were in a state of disrepair and collapse. In 1920, with the network having expanded to 61,220 km (38,040 mi), a need for central management was mooted by Sir William Acworth. Based on the East India Railway Committee chaired by Acworth, the government took over the management of the Railways and detached the finances of the Railways from other
18. 18. governmental revenues. The period between 1920 and 1929, was a period of economic boom; there were 41,000 mi (66,000 km) of railway lines serving the country; the railways represented a capital value of some 687 million sterling; and they carried over 620 million passengers and approximately 90 million tons of goods each year. Following the Great Depression, the railways suffered economically for the next eight years. The Second World War severely crippled the railways. Starting 1939, about 40% of the rolling stock including locomotives and coaches was taken to the Middle East, the railways workshops were converted to ammunitions workshops and many railway tracks were dismantled to help the Allies in the war. By 1946, all rail systems had been taken over by the government. On 23 April 2014, Indian Railways introduced a mobile app system to track train schedules. VISION STATEMENT OF INDIAN RAILWAYS Indian Railways shall provide efficient, affordable, customer-focused and environmentally sustainable integrated transportation solutions. It shall be a vehicle of inclusive growth, connecting regions, communities, ports and centres of industry, commerce, tourism and pilgrimage across the country. The reach and access of its services will be continuously expanded and improved by its integrated team of committed, empowered and satisfied employees and by use of cutting-edge technology. Competition Analysis Transportation Industry in India Indian Railways has monopoly in medium-long distance travelling passengers in India. But, when we take whole transport industry, it faces stiff competition by following means of transportation: Roadways Indian Roadways network carry almost 90% of countrys passenger traffic and 65% of freight. Roadways are widely used for short and medium distances by passengers. But, the quality of the roadways network is subjected to locations. It is not uniformly good or well maintained. Roadways include mainly bus and taxi services for passengers. India had a road network of over 4.42 million Kms. in 2011, making it one of the three largest road networks in the world. India's roads are a mix of modern highways and narrow, unpaved roads. As of 2008, 49 percent - about 2.1 million kilometers - of Indian roads were paved. India has less than 4 kilometers of roads per 1000 people, including all its paved and unpaved roads.
19. 19. Aviation Air travel has become more affordable but airline services are limited to metro cities in India. It is frequently used for long distance travelling and in cases of limited time of travel. At present, there are 125 airports, including 11 international airports. Ports Currently, there are 12 major and 187 minor and intermediate ports along its more than 7500 km long coastline. Inland water transportation remains largely undeveloped despite India's 14,000 kilometers of navigable rivers and canals. KEY STATISTICS 2013-2014 PERSONNEL The strength of railway employees shown below: YEAR No. Of Staff(000) 1980-81 1572.2 1990-91 1651.8 2000-01 1545.3 2010-11 1332.0 2012-13* 1307.1 2013-14 1334.0 * Revised
20. 20. 1. Route Length(Kms.) Broad Gauge (1.676 M.) 58177 Metre Gauge (1.000 M.) 5334 Narrow Gauge (0.762 M. and 0.610 M.) 2297 TOTAL 65808 2. Double and Multiple Track(Route Kms.) Broad gauge 19989 Meter Gauge - TOTAL 19989 3. Electrified Track (Route Kms.) Broad Gauge 21614 Meter Gauge - TOTAL 21614 4. Number of Railway Stations 7112 5. Number of Railway Bridges 136720 6. Traffic Volume Passenger Originating (Millions) 8397 Passenger Kms. (Millions) 1,158,742 Tonnes Originating (Rev. Traffic) (Millions Tonnes) 105164 Tonne Kms. (Millions) 665810 7. Number of Employees (Thousands) 1334 8. Revenue (Millions) 1395582 9. Expenses (Millions) 1303208 10. Rolling Stock Locomotives: Steam 43 Diesel 5633 Electric 4823 TOTAL 10499 Passenger Carriages 59600 Freight Cars/Wagons 245267
21. 21. REVENUE OF INDIAN RAILWAY IR revenues have steadily gone up and were 1,395,581.8 millions in 2013-14 recording an increase of 12.8% over the previous year. Year Passenger Parcels and other Coaching Freight Misc. Suspense (Bills Receivable) Gross Traffic Receipts 1980-81 8,274.7 1,157.1 16,175.2 820.8 (-)187.6 26,240.2 1990-91 31,475.0 3,363.8 84,078.7 2417.6 (-)370.2 120,964.9 2000-01 105,150.7 7,641.6 233,051.0 7,032.5 (-)4,071.0 348,804.8 2010-11 257,056.4 24,698 628,447.2 34,182.7 (+)101.7 945,356.3 2012-13 313,228.4 30,542.3 852,625.8 42,613.6 (-)1,684.2 1,237,325.9 2013-14 365,322.5 36,785.2 939,056.3 57,212.9 (-)2,795.3 1,395,581.8 26,240 1,20,965 3,48,805 9,45,356 12,37,326 13,95,582 0 2,00,000 4,00,000 6,00,000 8,00,000 10,00,000 12,00,000 14,00,000 16,00,000 1980-81 1990-91 2000-01 2010-11 2012-13 2013-14 REVENUE Series1
22. 22. MAJOR SERVICES OF INDIAN RAILWAYS Passenger services Freight services Parcel carrier Catering and tourism services Parking lot operations Other related services PASSENGER SERVICES A standard passenger train consists of eighteen coaches, but popular trains can have 26 coaches or even more. Provision for purchasing tickets via online mode (website of Indian Railway) and offline mode-purchasing tickets from the ticket counter at each station is well set up. Reservation against cancellation service is a provision for shared berth in case the travel ticket is not confirmed. All current passenger service is provided using electric or diesel locomotives. Several long trains are composed of two to three classes of travel, such as a 1st and 2nd classes which have different pricing systems for various amenities. The 1st Class refers to coaches with separate cabins, coaches can or cannot be air-conditioned. 3-tier non- AC coaches and 2nd class seating coaches, which are highly popular among passengers going on shorter journeys. In air-conditioned sleeper classes passengers are provided with sheets, pillows and blankets. Meals and refreshments are provided, to all the passengers of reserved classes, either through the on-board pantry service or through special catering arrangements in trains without pantry car. Unreserved coach passengers have options of purchasing from licensed vendors either on board or on the platform of intermediate stops. The amenities depend on the popularity and length of the route. Lavatories are communal and feature both the Indian style as well as the Western style.
23. 23. TYPES OF PASSENGER SERVICES Trains are classified by their average speed. A faster train has fewer stops ("halts") than a slower one and usually caters to long-distance travel. Rank Train Description 1 Duronto Express These are the non-stop point to point rail services (except for operational stops) introduced for the first time in 2009 . They connect the metros and major state capitals of India and are faster than Rajadhani Express. The Duronto services consists of classes of accommodation namely first AC, two-tier AC, three-tier AC, AC 3 Tier Economy, Sleeper Class, General Class. 2 Rajdhani Express These are all air-conditioned trains linking major cities to New Delhi. The Rajdhanis have high priority and are one of the fastest trains in India, travelling at about 130 km/h (82 mph). There are only a few stops on a Rajdhani route.Food service is also provided in these class trains 3 Shatabdi Express The Shatabdi trains are AC intercity seater-type trains for travel during day.It is the fastest trains in India, travelling at about 140 km/h 4 Garib Rath Fully air conditioned trains, designed for those who cannot afford to travel in the expensive Shatabti and Rajdhani Express. Garib Rath means "Chariot of the Poor". The maximum speed is 130 km/h. 5 Jan Shatabdi Jan Shatabdi Express are a more affordable variety of the Shatabdi Express, which has both AC and non-AC classes. The maximum speed is 130 km/h. 6 Sampark Kranti Express Sampark Kranti Express trains are a series of trains that provide quick connectivity from a particular state to the national capital, New Delhi. 7 Superfast Express/Mail These are trains that have an average speed greater than 55 km/h (34 mph). Tickets for these trains have an additional super-fast surcharge. 8 Express These are the most common kind of trains in India. They have more stops than their super-fast counterparts, but they stop only at relatively important intermediate stations.
24. 24. 9 Passenger and Fast Passenger These are slow trains that stop at most stations along the route and are the cheapest trains. The trains generally have unreserved seating accommodation but some night trains have sleeper, First Class and 3A compartments. 10 Suburban trains These trains operate in the urban areas of Mumbai, Delhi, Kolkata, Chennai, Hyderabad, Pune and between Kanpur & Lucknow,usually stop at all stations and have unreserved seating accommodation. 11 Metros and Monorails These trains are designed for city transport in metro cities of India. Accommodation classes Indian Railways has several classes of travel with or without air-conditioning. A train may have just one or many classes of travel. Slow passenger trains have only unreserved seating class whereas Rajdhani, Duronto and Shatabdi trains have only air-conditioned classes. The fares for all classes are different with unreserved seating class being the cheapest. The fare of Rajdhani, Duronto and Shatabdi trains includes food served in the train but the fare for other trains does not include food that has to be bought separately. In long- distance trains a pantry car is usually included and food is served at the berth or seats itself. Luxury trains such as Palace on Wheels have separate dining cars but these trains cost as much as or more than a five-star hotel room. A standard passenger rake generally has four unreserved (also called "general") compartments, two at the front and two at the end, of which one may be exclusively for ladies. The exact number of other coaches varies according to the demand and the route. A luggage compartment can also exist at the front or the back. In some mail trains a separate mail coach is attached. Lavatories are communal and feature both the Indian style as well as the Western style. The following table lists the classes in operation. A train may not have all these classes.
25. 25. Class Description 1A First class AC: This is the most expensive class, where the fares are almost at par with air fare. There are eight cabins (including two coupes) in the full AC First Class coach and three cabins (including one coupe) in the half AC First Class coach. The coach has an attendant to help the passengers. Bedding is included with the fare in IR. This air conditioned coach is present only on popular routes and can carry 18 passengers (full coach) or 10 passengers (half coach). The sleeper berths are extremely wide and spacious. The coaches are carpeted, have sleeping accommodation and have privacy features like personal coupes. This class is available on broad gauge and metre gauge trains. 2A AC-Two tier: These air-conditioned coaches have sleeping berths across eight bays. Berths are usually arranged in two tiers in bays of six, four across the width of the coach and two berths longways on the other side of the corridor, with curtains along the gangway or corridor. Bedding is included with the fare. A broad gauge coach can carry 48 passengers (full coach) or 20 passengers (half coach). This class is available on broad gauge and metre gauge trains. FC First class: Same as 1AC but without air conditioning. No bedding is available in this class. The berths are wide and spacious. There is a coach attendant to help the passengers. This class has been phased out on most of the trains and is rare to find. However narrow gauge trains to hill stations have this class. 3A AC three tier: Air conditioned coaches with 64 sleeping berths. Berths are usually arranged as in 2AC but with three tiers across the width and two longways as before giving eight bays of eight. They are slightly less well-appointed, usually no reading lights or curtained off gangways. Bedding is included with fare. It carries 64 passengers in broad gauge. This class is available only on broad gauge. 3E AC three tier (Economy): Air conditioned coaches with sleeping berths, present in Garib Rath Trains. Berths are usually arranged as in 3AC but with three tiers across the width and three longways. They are slightly less well-appointed, usually no reading lights or curtained off gangways. Bedding is not included with fare. CC AC chair car: An air-conditioned seater coach with a total of five seats in a row used for day travel between cities. EC Executive class chair car: An air-conditioned coach with large spacious seats and legroom. It has a total of four seats in a row used for day travel between cities. This class of travel is only available on Shatabdi Express trains.
26. 26. SL Sleeper class: The sleeper class is the most common coach on IR, and usually ten or more coaches could be attached. These are regular sleeping coaches with three berths vertically stacked. In broad gauge, it carries 72 passengers per coach. 2S Seater class: same as AC Chair car, but with bench style seats and without the air- conditioning. These may be rserved in advance or may be unreserved. UR Unreserved: The cheapest accommodation. The seats are usually made up of pressed wood in older coaches but cushioned seats are found in new coaches. These coaches are usually over-crowded and a seat is not guaranteed. Tickets are issued in advance for a minimum journey of more than 24 hours. Tickets issued are valid on any train on the same route if boarded within 24 hours of buying the ticket. FREIGHT SERVICES Indian Railways carries a huge variety of goods such as mineral ores, fertilizers, iron & steel, petrochemicals, agricultural products, etc. 70% of revenue comes from freight services. Freight is a profit making business segment of Indian Railways and is the backbone of railway revenues. But, recently it is seen that the market share of Indian Railways has been consistently shrinking and railways is losing out to road. Following goods are carrying through freight services: Coal Iron Ores Cement Mineral oils Food grains Fertilisers Iron &steel Limestone & Dolomite Stones other than marble (incl. gypsum) IR carries a huge variety of goods ranging from mineral ores, fertilizers and petro-chemicals, agricultural produce, iron & steel, multimodal traffic and others. Ports and major urban areas have their own dedicated freight lines and yards. Many important freight stops have dedicated
27. 27. platforms and independent lines. Indian Railways makes 70% of its revenues and most of its profits from the freight sector and uses these profits to cross-subsidise the loss-making passenger sector. However, competition from trucks which offer cheaper rates has seen a decrease in the proportion of freight traffic carried by rail in recent years. Since the 1980s, Indian Railways has switched from small consignments to larger bulk a goods which has helped speed up its operations. Most of its freight earnings come from such rakes carrying bulk goods such as coal, cement, food grains and iron ore. Indian Railways also transports vehicles over long distances. Trucks that carry goods to a particular location are hauled back by trains saving the trucking company on unnecessary fuel expe nses. Refrigerated vans are also available in many areas. The "Green Van" is a special type used to transport fresh food and vegetables. Recently Indian Railways introduced the special 'Container Rajdhani' or CONRAJ, for high priority freight. The highest speed notched up for a freight train is 120 kilometres per hour (75 mph) for a 5,500 metric tonne load. Recent changes have sought to boost the earnings from freight. A privatization scheme was introduced recently to improve the performance of freight trains. Companies are being allowed to run their own container trains. The first length of an 11,000-kilometre (6,800 mi) freight corridor linking India's biggest cities has recently been approved. The railways have increased load limits for the system's 230,000 freight wagons by 11%, legalizing something that was already happening. Due to increase in manufacturing transport in India that was augmented by the increase in fuel cost, transportation by rail became advantageous financially. New measures such as speeding up the turnaround times have added some 24% to freight revenues. Under the Eleventh Five Year Plan of India (20072012), Ministry of Railways is constructing a new Dedicated Freight Corridor (DFC) covering about 2762 route km long two routes the Eastern Corridor from Ludhiana to Dankuni and the Western Corridor from Jawaharlal Nehru Port at Nhava Sheva, Navi Mumbai to Tughlakabad/Dadri along with interlinking of two corridors at Dadri. Upgrading of transportation technology, increase in productivity and reduction in unit transportation cost are the focus areas for the project.
28. 28. CATERING The present Railway catering services is managed both departmentally (The Indian Railways) and through Licensed contractors. Catering facilities of thousands travelling by train everyday throughout the country, the turnover is enormous. For the departmental catering alone for the year 1984-85, was more than Rs. 40 crores, and the licences fees from the contractors in the same year was more than Rs. 80 lakh. The Railway also owns and operates two railway hotels at Ranchi and Puri. HOSPITALITY The Railways have also focused on providing Hospitality to its travellers. Food, hospitality and cleanliness are among the major issues with the railways in the past. Railways have introduced many trains which pay importance to providing luxury and comfort to its travellers. For ex. Palace on wheels, Maharajas Express Worlds leading luxury train, Golden Chariot, Royal Rajasthan on Wheels,. Maharajas' Express - The Finest Luxury Train Maharajas' Express, bestowed the "Worlds Leading Luxury Train" award at the World Travel Awards for two consecutive years in 2012 & 2013. Golden Chariot- Many worlds, One Voyage The Golden Chariot is a royal experience, a journey that is much more than a luxury train ride. The Golden Chariot tour epitomizes the rich Indian heritage and journeys through one of the most exotic regions in the world.
29. 29. Royal Rajasthan on Wheels The Royal Rajasthan on Wheels is the regal delight where every moment is woven together into an everlasting and immemorial experience to be lived and cherished forever. MORE SERVICES... Travel and transportation Goods transport, tour planning and itinerary support. Luggage and postal services. Transportation support to forces such as Army, Air Force and Navy. Lifeline Express Hospital on wheels Double Decker A/C trains
30. 30. ORGANISATIONAL STRUCTURE Ministry of Railways The Ministry of Railways is a ministry in the Government of India, responsible for the country's rail transport. The ministry operates the state-owned Indian Railways, an organisation that operates as a monopoly in rail transport and is headed by the Chairman Railway Board. The ministry is headed by the Minister of Railways, a cabinet-level minister who presents the rail budget every year in parliament. Suresh Prabhu is the minister of the Indian Railways. Ministry of Railway Railway Board 16 Zones 68 Divisions Station Masters
31. 31. Organisational Structure There is one Union Minister of Railways and one Minister of State for Railways. Manoj Sinha is the current Minister of State for Railways. The Railway Board, which is the apex body of the Indian Railways reports to the Minister of Railways. The Railway Board comprises one Chairman, five "members of the Railway Board and a Financial Commissioner (who is the representative of the Ministry of Finance in the Railway Board). It also includes a Director- General (Railway Health Services) and a Director-General (Railway Protection Force). A number of directorates report to the Railway Board. The Ministry of Railways is housed inside Rail Bhavan in New Delhi. RAILWAY ZONES Indian Railways is divided into several zones, which are further sub-divided into divisions. The number of zones in Indian Railways increased from six to eight in 1951, nine in 1952 and sixteen in 2003.Each zonal railway is made up of a certain number of divisions, each having a divisional headquarters. There are a total of sixty-eight divisions. Each of the seventeen zones is headed by a general manager who reports directly to the Railway Board. The zones are further divided into divisions under the control of divisional railway managers (DRM). The divisional officers of engineering, mechanical, electrical, signal and telecommunication, accounts, personnel, operating, commercial, security and safety branches report to the respective Divisional Manager and are in charge of operation and maintenance of assets. Further down the hierarchy tree are the station masters who control individual stations and the train movement through the track territory under their stations administration.
32. 32. No: Name of the zone Abbr. Headquarters Date Established Divisions 1 Southern Railway SR Chennai 14/04/1951 Chennai, Tiruchirappalli, Madurai and Salem, Palakkadu, Thiruvananthapuram 2 Central Railway CR Mumbai 05/11/1951 Mumbai CST, Bhusawal, Pune, Sholapur and Nagpur 3 Western Railway WR Mumbai 05/11/1951 Mumbai Central, Ratlam, Ahmedabad,Rajkot, Bhavnagar and Vadodara 4 Eastern Railway ER Kolkata 14/4/1952 Howrah, Sealdah, Asansol and Malda 5 North Eastern Railway NER Gorakhpur 14/4/1952 Izzatnagar, Lucknow and Varanasi 6 Northern Railway NR Delhi 14/4/1952 Delhi, Ambala, Firozpur, Lucknow, Moradabad and Udhampur 7 South Eastern Railway SER Kolkata 01/08/1955 Adra, Chakradharpur, Kharagpur and Ranchi 8 North Frontier Railway NFR Guwahati 15/01/1958 Alipurduar, Katihar, Rangia, Lumding and Tinsukia 9 South Central Railway SCR Secunderabad 02/10/1966 Vijayawada, Secunderabad, Guntakal, Guntur, Hyderabad and Nanded 10 East Central Railway ECR Hajipur 1/10/2002 Danapur, Dhanbad,Mughalsarai, Samastipur and Sonpur 11 North Western Railway NWR Jaipur 1/10/2002 Jaipur, Ajmer, Bikaner and Jodhpur 12 East Coast Railway ECoR Bhubaneswar 1/4/2003 Khurda Road, Sambalpur and Waltair 13 North Central Railway NCR Allahabad 1/4/2003 Allahabad, Agra and Jhansi 14 South Western Railway SWR Hubli 1/4/2003 Hubli, Bangalore and Mysore 15 West Central Railway WCR Jabalpur 1/4/2003 Jabalpur, Bhopal and Kota 16 South East Central Railway SECR Bilaspur 05/4/2003 Bilaspur, Raipur and Nagpur
33. 33. Other Subsidiaries Board for electrification, modernisation, research and design and training of officers, each of which is headed by an officer of the rank of general manager. A number of Public Sector Undertakings, which perform railway related functions ranging from consultancy to ticketing, are also under the administrative control of the Ministry of railways. There are fourteen public undertakings under the administrative control of the Ministry of Railways viz. Bharat Wagon and Engineering Co. Ltd. (BWEL) Centre for Railway Information Systems (CRIS) Container Corporation of India Limited (CONCOR) Dedicated Freight Corridor Corporation of India Limited (DFCCIL) Indian Railway Catering and Tourism Corporation Limited (IRCTC) Indian Railway Construction (IRCON) International Limited Indian Railway Finance Corporation Limited (IRFC) Konkan Railway Corporation Limited (KRCL) Mumbai Railway Vikas Corporation (MRVC) Railtel Corporation of India Limited (Rail Tel) Rail India Technical and Economic Services Limited (RITES) Rail Vikas Nigam Limited (RVNL) High Speed Rail Corporation of India (HSRC) Burn Standard Company Braithwaite and Co. Ltd Delhi Metro Rail Corporation Limited (DMRC), that has constructed and operates Delhi Metro network, is an independent organisation not connected to the Indian Railways. Similar metro rail corporations in other cities (except Kolkata Metro in Kolkata) are not connected to the Indian Railways.
34. 34. BHARAT WAGON AND ENGINEERING CO. LTD (BWEL) Bharat Wagon and Engineering Limited (Hindi: ) (BWEL) is a Public Sector Undertaking (PSU) of the Government of India and is a subsidiary of Bharat Bhari Udyog Nigam (BBUNL). Established in 1978, BWEL is the largest rail wagon manufacturer in India. The administrative control of M/s Bharat Wagon & Engg Co Ltd (BWEL), Patna, a central PSE and subsidiary of Bharat Bhari Udyog Nigam Ltd (BBUNL) is transferred from the Department of Heavy Industry, Ministry of Heavy Industries and Public Enterprises to the Ministry of Railways w.e.f 13 August 2008 (AN). The company maintains three manufacturing plants in Bihar and is headquartered in Patna. One such plant is the Bharat Wagon Workshop Plant in Muzaffarpur. In fiscal 2014, the company incurred aggregated revenues of 154.4 million (US$2.5 million). CONTAINER CORPORATION OF INDIA LIMITED (CONCOR) Container Corporation of India Ltd. (Hindi: ) (CONCOR, Hindi: ) is a Navratna Public sector undertaking under the Indian Ministry of Railways. Incorporated in March 1988 under the Companies Act, CONCOR commenced operations in November 1989 taking over an existing network of seven inland container
35. 35. depots (ICDs) from Indian Railways. It now has a network of 61 ICDs/CFSs (Container Freight Stations) throughout India. CONCOR operates three core businesses: cargo carrier; terminal operator, and warehouse operator. RAILTEL CORPORATION OF INDIA LIMITED (RAIL TEL) Railtel Corporation of India { } is a Miniratna enterprise of Government of India focusing on providing broadband and VPN services. RailTel was formed in September 2000 with the objective of creating nation-wide broadband, telecom and multimedia network, to modernize Train Control Operation and Safety System of Indian Railways. RailTel's network passes through around 5,000 stations across the country, covering all central business districts, towns, cities, mini/major- metros. RailTel has created state of the art multimedia telecom network using SDH/DWDM-based transmission systems and high end routers for MPLS-IP network. Indian Railways have seamless right-of-way along 63,000 km of rail tracks passing through 7000 stations across the country. The stations in major cities are located in central business districts. Indian Railways already had established a strong Telecom Network to meet its communication requirements. With the formation of Corporation, Indian Railways' right-of-way and OFC assets have been transferred to RailTel. About 32500 km of OFC has been laid and over 29500 km has been commissioned. Works on another 10620 km are in various stage of completion. RailTel holds the following licenses using which it is offering various services across India: National Long Distance: Class "A" ISP (with Internet Telephony) IP-II IP-I
36. 36. RAIL VIKAS NIGAM LIMITED (RVNL) Rail Vikas Nigam Limited { } is an organisation associated with Indian Railways whose task is to build engineering works required by Indian Railways. Indian Railway network particularly High Density Network, which connects the four Metro Cities of Delhi, Kolkata, Chennai & Mumbai including the diagonals is over saturated. Challenges of higher economic growth require leap forward capacity development strategy on Indian Railways. Paradigms of such a strategy required a shift from dependence on purely budgetary sources and internal surplus of Railways to mobilization of non budgetary financial resources from private sector, banks, financial institutions, multilateral and bilateral agencies through a mix of equity and debt. The financial resources available from the traditional sources were found to be grossly inadequate to meet the requirement. The Ministry of Railways, therefore, had been considering various innovative methods of project distribution and creation of assets. Another paradigm shift required was to change from project mode of planning to programme mode to be implemented in a time bound manner. It was felt that the Railways instead of becoming the bottleneck in economic growth of the country should spur economic growth by development of capacity ahead of demand. It required fast track implementation of projects adopting established practice of financial closure and use of modern project management techniques. For this, adequate and uninterrupted flow of funds is a prime requirement. It also required mechanization of construction involving large number of construction machines and equipments of varied nature and skill sets of altogether different kind. Creation of Rail Vikas Nigam Limited is an outcome of the above thought process and policy initiative.
37. 37. RAIL INDIA TECHNICAL AND ECONOMIC SERVICES LIMITED (RITES) RITES Limited { } (earlier known as Rail India Technical and Economic Service) is an engineering consultancy company, specializing in the field Of transport infrastructure. Established in 1974 by the Government of India, the company's initial charter was to provide consultancy services in rail transport management to operators in India and abroad. RITES have since diversified into planning and consulting services for other infrastructure, including airports, ports, highways and urban planning. Recently on-shore WDS6 Diesel Loco Leasing service has been introduced. It has been awarded the status of MINIRATNA in 2002. It has executed projects in over 62 countries on every major continent. As of 2014, it was executing projects in over 30 countries. KONKAN RAILWAY CORPORATION LIMITED (KRCL) Konkan Railway Corporation (KRC) is a subsidiary of the Indian Railways (IR). It operates the Konkan Railways, a subsidiary zone of the Indian Railways. It is headquartered at CBD Belapur in Navi Mumbai. The company started its full operations of trains on 26 January 1998.The first passenger train which ran on Konkan Railway tracks on 20 March 1993 between Udupi and Mangalore. Konkan Railway Corporation is at the forefront of research and development of new technologies and
38. 38. concepts for Indian railways. During its initial years of operations in the mountainous Konkan region, a spate of accidents prompted Konkan Railway to investigate new technologies. The anti-collision devices, the Sky Bus and RORO are a few of the innovations from Konkan Railways. INDIAN RAILWAY CATERING AND TOURISM CORPORATION LIMITED (IRCTC) Indian Railway Catering and Tourism Corporation ( ), is a subsidiary of the Indian Railways that handles the catering, tourism and online ticketing operations of the railways. The major services: Online-Ticketing It is known for changing the face of railway ticketing in India. It pioneered internet- based rail ticket booking through its website, as well as from the mobile phones via GPRS or SMS. In addition to e-tickets, Indian Railways and Catering Tourism Corporation also offers I-tickets that are basically like regular tickets except that they are booked online and delivered by post. The tickets PNR status is also made available. Commuters on the Mumbai Suburban Railway can also book season tickets through the website. It has also launched a loyalty program called Shubh Yatra for frequent travellers. Through this program, passengers can avail of discounts on all tickets booked round the year by paying an upfront annual fee. Seeking to make it easier to book e-tickets, it launched a scheme called Rolling Deposit Scheme (RDS). RDS is a hassle-free e-ticket booking scheme allowing passengers to reserve seats against advance money kept with the corporation. It has also added flights and hotels booking facilities to their line of online reservation services.
39. 39. Tourism Railway Catering and Tourism Corporation also organizes budget and deluxe package tours for domestic and foreign tourists. A popular tourism package for budget tourists covering important tourist destinations across India is "Bharat Darshan". Luxury tourism packages are also available, that involve special luxury trains such as Palace on Wheels, Royal Orient Express, Golden Chariot, Deccan Odyssey, Royal Rajasthan on Wheels, Buddhist Circuit Train and it is a partner in the Maharajas' Express operation. Apart from conventional tourism, it also offers adventure tourism packages that include water sports, adventure and wildlife treks, etc. A provision for customizing tours as per specific requirements is also an added attraction. Recently a new venture of Indian Railways, named as Rail Tourism India has launched to provide direct catering and tourism packages to users. Tatkal Booking Under the Tatkal scheme, passengers who plan their journey at short notice can book their tickets in almost all Mail/Express trains through the Indian railways internet portal. The booking starts at 10:00 am daily, one day prior to the departure of the train from source station.Tatkal Reservation is criticized by numerous media releases, due to its inefficiency and slow server speed. Many IT experts suggests that simple steps are not being taken by the Indian Railways management which can easily resolve these issues and some time these are being linked to corruption in the entire ticketing system. Since the new revision, all Tatkal bookings can be done for trains departing within 48 hours. Passengers travelling on Tatkal tickets should carry a photo ID proof along with them to be shown to the ticket checker. Earlier this year, the website has launched Light version which doesn't include ads, pop ups, etc.
40. 40. INDIAN RAILWAY FINANCE CORPORATION (IRFC) Indian Railway Finance Corporation ( ) known as IRFC is a finance arm of the Indian Railway. It raises financial resources for expansion and running through capital markets and other borrowings. IRFC started borrowing from the market in 1987-88. IRFC raises money through financial bonds and from banks and financial institutions. IRFC is dedicated financing arm of the Ministry of Railways. Its sole objective is to raise money from the market to part finance the plan outlay of Indian Railways. The money so made available is used for acquisition of rolling stock assets and for meeting other developmental needs of the Indian Railways. The borrowing programme of IRFC is guided by the requirements projected by Ministry of Railways. The company has successfully met the targeted borrowings year after year, through issue of both taxable and tax-free Bonds, term loans from banks/financial institutions and through off shore borrowings. IRFC also makes use of innovative financial instruments to diversify the debt portfolio and to minimize the cost. BRAITHWAITE AND CO. LTD Braithwaite & Co. Limited is a Public sector undertaking under Government of India having its head office at 5, Hide Road, Kolkata. The company was established as Braithwate in 1913 as the Indian Subsidiary of Braithwaite & Co. Engineers Limited (U.K.), for undertaking fabrication of Structural Steel Works. In 1930 it was incorporated as Braithwaite & Co (India) Ltd at Calcutta. In 1960 Braithwaite's Angus Works located at Bhadreswar was set up for manufacture of cranes, foundry products, machinery components etc. The Project
41. 41. Division at Calcutta was established in 1978 to execute turnkey projects for material handling plants. In 1987 Victoria Works was taken over, which is equipped with all facilities for manufacture of Pressure Vessels, Railway Wagons and Heavy structural for Bridges and other engineering applications. In 1976 company was taken over by Government of India, as fully owned public sector company. In 1986, Braithwaite & Co., Ltd. came under umbrella of Bharat Bhari Udhyog Nigma Limited, which became holding company of five companies in eastern India; Braithwaite & Co. Ltd, Burn Standard Company, Bharat Wagon and Engineering, Braithwaite, Burn & Jessop Construction Company, Jessop & Co. Ltd. Later, Jessop & Company was privatized. However, with effect from 2010, the management of Braithwaite & Co. Limited has been transferred from Ministry of Heavy Industries & Public Enterprises to Ministry of Railways, Government of India. Today Braithwaite is an engineering conglomerate which manufactures, railway wagons & bogies, heavy duty cranes, structurals, jute mill machinery, forging & casting jobs. BRAITHWAITE, BURN & JESSOP CONSTRUCTION COMPANY (BBJC) The Braithwaite Burn & Jessop Construction Company Limited (BBJ Construction Company) is a Public Sector Undertaking (PSU) of the Government of India under Department of Heavy Industries. Established in the 26th January, 1935, BBJ Construction Company has been involved in the construction & repairing of Rail Bridges & Rail-cum- Road Bridges, Industrial structural works, large building foundation, Civil engineering works, Refinery piping works, Railway gauge conversion etc. The company is registered and headquartered in Kolkata. The early story of BBJ started around the mid-thirties. The ever increasing traffic movement between the twin cities of Calcutta & Howrah demanded a wider and stronger bridge in replacement of the then existing pontoon bridge. The authorities accordingly decided on building a cantilever bridge across the river Hooghly. The job undoubtedly called for greater expertise. So the three engineering companies - Braithwaite, Burn & Jessop - came together and floated a
42. 42. new company. Thus on 26 January 1935 was born BBJ, The Braithwaite Burn & Jessop Construction Company Limited. The onward march began in 1941 with the Howrah Bridge, later, named Rabindra Setu. Later in 1991 achievement is the second Hooghly Bridge or Vidyasagar Setu. In between BBJ constructed number of engineering structures spread across the country and abroad. The Ganga Bridge at Mokameh, Yamuna Bridge at Delhi, Godavari Bridge at Rajamundry, Krishna Bridge at Vijawada, Brahmaputra Bridge at Pandu are some of the known achievements of the company. Nationalised in 1987, BBJ today is a subsidiary of multiple resource organisation Govt. of India Undertaking BBUNL, under the administrative control of the Department of Heavy Industry, Ministry of Heavy Industries and Public Enterprises, Government of India. BBJ is also involved in installation of major steel plants, thermal power stations, oil refineries, fertilizer projects. BBJ has also undertaken restoration of damaged bridges, industrial structures and civil construction of major commercial and administrative buildings. MUMBAI RAILWAY VIKAS CORPORATION (MRVC) Mumbai Rail Vikas Corporation { } is a subsidiary of the Indian Railways. It is responsible for the improvement of the infrastructure of Mumbai Suburban Railway system. Mumbai Railway Vikas Corporation Ltd (MRVC Ltd)., a Public Sector Undertaking of Govt. of India under Ministry of Railways (MoR) was incorporated under Companies Act, 1956 on 12 July 1999 with an equity Capital of Rs. 25 crore shared in the ratio of 51:49 between Ministry of Railways and Government of Maharashtra. MRVC is responsible to execute the projects under Mumbai Urban Transport Project (MUTP) as sanctioned by Ministry of Railways. The Corporation will execute a number of suburban rail improvement projects for
43. 43. enhancing suburban rail transportation capacity thereby reducing the overcrowding and meeting future traffic requirements. The corporation will also be involved in the planning and development of Mumbai Suburban Rail system. The main objectives of MUTP are: Bringing down the passengers per 9 coaches to 3000 as against existing 5000. Segregate the suburban train operation from the main line passenger and freight services. DEDICATED FREIGHT CORRIDOR CORPORATION OF INDIA LIMITED (DFCCIL) The Dedicated Freight Corridor Corporation of India Limited (DFCCIL) is a corporation run by the Government of India, Ministry of Railways to undertake planning & development, mobilisation of financial resources and construction, maintenance and operation of the Dedicated Freight Corridors. DFCC has been registered as a company under the Companies Act 1956 on 30 October 2006. Under the Eleventh Five Year Plan of India (20072012), Ministry of Railways is constructing a new Dedicated Freight Corridor (DFC) covering about 3300 route km long two routes - the Eastern Corridor from Ludhiana in Punjab to Dankuni in West Bengal and the Western Corridor from Jawaharlal Nehru Port, in Mumbai, Maharashtra to Tughlakabad, Delhi/Dadri along with interlinking of two corridors at Khurja in Uttar Pradesh. Upgrading of transportation technology, increase in productivity and reduction in unit transportation cost are the focus areas for the project. DFCCIL has been designated by Government of India as a `special purpose vehicle`, and has been created to undertake planning & development, mobilization of financial resources and construction, maintenance and operation of the Dedicated Freight Corridors. As the dedicated agency to make the vision into reality, DFCCIL's mission is:
44. 44. To build a corridor with appropriate technology that enables Indian railways to regain its market share of freight transport by creating additional capacity and guaranteeing efficient, reliable, safe and cheaper options for mobility to its customers. To set up Multimodal logistic parks along the DFC to provide complete transport solution to customers. To support the government's initiatives toward ecological sustainability by encouraging users to adopt railways as the most environment friendly mode for their transport requirements. INDIAN RAILWAY CONSTRUCTION COMPANY LIMITED (IRCON) Ircon International Limited { }(IRCON) is an engineering and construction company, specialized in transport infrastructure. The company was established in 1976, by the Government of India under the The Companies Act, 1956. IRCON was registered as the Indian Railway Construction Company Limited, a wholly owned entity of the Ministry of Railways. Its primary charter was the construction of railway projects in India and abroad. The company has since diversified into other transport and infrastructure segments and with its expanded scope of operations around the world, the name was changed to Ircon International Limited in October 1995. The company is well known for undertaking challenging infrastructure projects, especially in difficult terrains in India and abroad. Ircon has completed over 300 major infrastructure projects in India and over 121 major projects across the globe in more than 21 countries. The core competence of the company in order of priority are - Railways, Highways and EHT Substation Engineering and Construction. Ircon is a turnkey construction company that is specialized in railways (new railway lines, rehabilitation/conversion of existing lines, station buildings and facilities, bridges, tunnels, signalling and tele-communication, railway electrification, and wet leasing of locomotives), highways, EHV sub-station (engineering, procurement and construction) and metro rail.
45. 45. FUNCTIONAL BRANCHES OF INDIAN RAILWAY The various Groups A cadres are as below: Non Technical Services recruitment through Civil Services Examination conducted by UPSC IRTS - Indian Railway Traffic Service IRPS - Indian Railway Personnel Service IRAS - Indian Railway Accounts Service RPF - Railway Protection Force Technical Services recruitment through Indian Engineering Examination conducted by UPSC IRSE - Indian Railway Service of (Civil) Engineers IRSEE- Indian Railway Service of Electrical Engineers IRSME - Indian Railway Service of Mechanical Engineers IRSS - Indian Railway Stores Service IRSSE - Indian Railway Service of Signal Engineers 1. INDIAN RAILWAY TRAFFIC SERVICE (IRTS) The Indian Railway Traffic Service (IRTS) is an organized Group 'A' service (cadre) of the Government of India. The officers of this service are responsible for managing the Transportation - Operations and Commercial wings - of the Indian Railways. IRTS forms the interface between the Railways and the public, and also between the Railways and the corporate sector. It is also responsible for the generation of revenue for the organization. 1.1 Recruitment & Training The direct recruitment to the cadre is done through the Civil Services Examination. As of 1 July 2004, the sanctioned strength of IRTS was 1122. The sanctioned strength of IRTS has decreased since cadre restructuring was undertaken in JanuaryFebruary 2006. At present the cadre strength of IRTS is around 830. After selection, the IRTS probationers undergo general foundation training at one of the training academies, that is, Lal Bahadur Shastri National Academy of Administration (LBSNAA) National Academy of Direct Taxes at Nagpur, RCVP Noronha Academy of Administration at Bhopal and Dr. Marri Channa Reddy Human Resource Development Institute of Andhra Pradesh at Hyderabad. Following this they go for the Railway Foundation Course at Railway Staff College, Baroda, now renamed National Academy of Indian Railways. Further specialized training for the probationers is imparted at
46. 46. the Indian Railway Institute of Transportation Management (IRITM) at Lucknow. While based at IRITM, the probationers make extensive study and field trips to various centralized training institutes of the Indian Railways, workshops and organizations across the length and breadth of the country. The training also includes a Parliamentary attachment, visits to important Railway project sites, ports and short stints at other Civil Service academies and one of the Indian Institutes of Management. IRITM also undertakes courses for middle- and senior-level officers in diverse areas including commercial management, operations management, logistics, public-private partnerships etc. 1.2 Role and Function Indian Railway Traffic Officer is the public interface of railways. There are two main streams of Traffic Department, Operations and Commercial, where these officers are posted. Immediately after the training, the officers are designated as Assistant Operations Manager or Assistant Commercial Manager and posted to one of the divisions of Indian Railways. The role of an IRTS officer in the operating department is that of ensuring smooth and fast transportation of freight and passengers. He or she ensures optimum utilization of assets maximizing output with least inputs. This is achieved by coordinating with the service departments looking after various assets of railways like track, wagons, engines, signals, etc. He/she then combines the outputs of the various departments maintaining the assets - rolling stock and fixed infrastructure to produce a service output - passenger or freight. In the commercial department, an IRTS officer is connected with sales, pricing (including discounts) of passenger and freight traffic. The information technology requirement of passenger ticketing is also managed by an IRTS officer in the zonal headquarters in association with the Centre for Railway Information Systems. The role changes depending on where an officer is placed in the organization - in the division (operational level), the zone (tactical level), or the railway board (strategic level). The opening up of Indian economy has brought a paradigm shift in the role of IRTS officers - from rail transport to logistics. They have been instrumental in raising the earnings of Indian Railways through efficient freight movement and improved passenger transport which are conducted 24x7 non-stop. Their extensive expertise in the handling of heavy logistics and complex operations related to freight and passenger movement has made IRTS officers much sought after in the private sector, especially in infrastructure and logistics companies. As a result, several senior IRTS officers have migrated to the private sector. The trend got strengthened after the Railway Ministry opened up the open container movement to private sector in2006.
47. 47. 1.3 Organisation At the Railway Board level, the traffic department is headed by Member (Traffic), who is a Secretary level officer. He is assisted by Additional Members/Advisors who are of the rank of Additional Secretary to the Government of India. At present, there is an additional member/advisor, each for the commercial, traffic, safety, computerization and information systems, infrastructure, tourism and catering wings of the traffic department. Within each wing, there are directorates which are headed by an Executive Director, a Joint Secretary rank officer. Some of the directorates are traffic, commercial (rates), planning, coaching, passenger marketing, statistics and economics (under Financial Commissioner), freight marketing, public grievances, computerization and information systems, tourism, and catering. At the zonal level, operations of commercial departments are headed by IRTS officers - Chief Operations Manager (COM) and Chief Commercial Manager (CCM). They are of the rank of Additional Secretary or Joint Secretary to the Government of India. COM is normally assisted by a team of Joint Secretary rank officers, viz., Chief Freight Transportation Manager (CFTM), Chief Passenger Transportation Manager (CPTM) and Chief Traffic Planning Manager (CPTM). Similarly, CCM is assisted by Chief Commercial Manager (Freight Marketing), Chief Commercial Manager (Passenger Marketing), Chief Commercial Manager (Passenger Services) and Chief Claims Officer. They are in turn assisted by Deputy Secretary or Director grade officers - Dy COM, Dy CCM, Dy CCO. At the divisional level, the operations and commercial departments are headed by IRTS officers Senior Divisional Operations Manager (Sr. DOM) and Senior Divisional Commercial Manager (Sr. DCM). In a large division, Sr. DOM/Sr. DCM would be supervising over 2000 employees. They are linchpins interacting with customers on a day to day basis and zonal headquarters. Sr. DOM/Sr. DCM are cadre posts in the Deputy Secretary or Director grade of IRTS. Each Sr. DOM/Sr. DCM is assisted by DOM/DCM/Assistant Operations Manager(AOM)/Assistant Commercial Manager (ACM) of the rank of Under Secretary to the Government of India. An IRTS officer's first posting, who is directly recruited through Civil Services Examinations, would be as an AOM or ACM in the division.
48. 48. 2. INDIAN RAILWAY PERSONNEL SERVICE (IRPS) The Indian Railway Personnel Service (IRPS) is a cadre of the Group-A services of the Government of India. The officers of this service are responsible for managing the Human Resources of the Indian Railways which has a work force of about 1.4 million employees. 2.1 Recruitment The recruitment to the cadre is done through the Civil Services Examination. The first recruitment to the cadre was done by UPSC in the year 1980.Prior to that some officers of sister cadres had joined the service on option basis. The present advisors are from such groups. The list of officers of this cadre can be seen in their web site. The selection consisting of written and Interview (also known as Personality Test) which is conducted by the Union Public Service Commission (UPSC) of India along with other Group A Services like IAS and IPS etc. 2.2 Role And Function IRPS officers man the Establishment Directorate and the Personnel department of the Ministry of Railways, at Zonal railway and divisional levels including the railway production units and workshops. While other services in the railway are concerned with the operational or material management of the train, the Personnel Service handles the human resource aspect. Importance of the service lies in looking at the problem not only from the governments point of view but paying attention to the job oriented professional as well as personal needs of the employees to make them more effective and efficient as per the administrative need of the railway, since efficiency of the any organisation depends mainly on the nature of personnel it has. The main functions and responsibility of Personnel Officers in the railway is to arrange recruitment, training of staff, promotion, demotion, transfers, disciplinary actions, retirement, settlement, selection etc. The personnel branch actually deals with the employee from the day he joins the service or even before which is not over even on his retirement. Dealing with provisions of various laws and acts such as Industrial dispute Act, Factory Act, Workman Compensation Act, Payment of Wages, Minimum Wages and their implementation in the railways is another responsibility. The interpretation of rules and orders is also done in this branch. All matters concerning the welfare of the staff such as provision of residential accommodation, canteens, holiday homes, consumer societies, schools, clubs,
49. 49. institutes, hospitals etc. also comes within its purview. Railway is one of the model employers with a large number of welfare measures being implemented to look after the staff and their families. Personnel officer is also the welfare officer in the railways. Being responsible for the service, as well as personal issues of the employees, the personnel department works in close coordination with all other departments in the railways by functioning as consultant and adviser. In a nutshell, most effective and efficient utilization of the vast human resource that railway have is entrusted to this department. 2.3 Organisation At the apex level of the Ministry of Railways, Government of India, the Railway Board Member Staff is the highest level post, who also happens to be the Ex officio Secretary to Government of India. Currently he is assisted by two Additional members, additional member staff and additional member i r), who are in the rank of Additional Secretary. Below them are a group of Executive Directors, Directors ,Joint Directors and Deputy Directors who work at Railway Board level who are either drawn from the service or from the railway board secretariat service. The present Member Staff is a non-IRPS officer. Similarly at the 16 Zonal Railway level the HR department or Personnel department as they call in the railways, is headed by a Chief Personnel Officer or CPO.CPOs are also posted in the major production units/factories of Indian Railways. The role of Personnel Branch as it is called all over encompasses all those which are in any Human Resources Management department of any organisation including those of dealing with Labour Relations and Labour Legislations. 3. INDIAN RAILWAY ACCOUNTS SERVICE (IRAS) The Indian Railway Accounts Service (IRAS) (Hindi: Bharatiya Rail Lekha Seva ) is a Group A Central Service of the Government of India. The officers of this service are responsible for the Accounts and Finance Management of the Indian Railways. About 10-15 IRAS officers are recruited every year through Civil Services Examination conducted by Union Public Service Commission. At present, the IRAS cadre has a strength of about 650 officers.
50. 50. 3.1 Recruitment and Training The recruitment to the cadre is done through the Civil Services Examination which is conducted by Union Public Service Commission of India every year. The Union Public Service Commission selects top and middle level bureaucrats through this examination who work for the Government of India. This examination is conducted in three stages viz preliminary examination, Mains examination and Interview. Only a few hundred of the candidates are selected each year out of about 400 thousand aspirants who take the exam. The candidates through this examination are selected for various top level bureaucratic services for Indian Government including Indian Administrative Service. After selection through the Civil Services Examinations of the Union Public Service Commission, the probationers of Indian Railway Accounts Service are required to undergo a two year training programme before induction into service on various railway zones. The two year training program includes classroom training at National Academy of Direct Taxes at Nagpur, Railway Staff College Vadodara and specialised training institutes, as well as field training on zonal railways, divisions, construction organisations and manufacturing units of the Indian Railways. Recently, Railway Board has entered into an agreement with Indian Institute of Management Calcutta for a 12 week executive general management programme as a part of regular training of IRAS probationers. The general management programme covers topics in economics, human resource management, management information systems, public policy, behavioural sciences, operations management, marketing, ethics, finance and accounting and strategic management. The training programme also includes sessions with industry experts and visits to various industries. An 8 week MDP (Management Development Programme) is also being carried out at MANAGEMENT DEVELOPMENT INSTITUTE (MDI), GURGAON for IRAS Probationers from year 2010 onwards. A group of 21 probationers of the Indian Railway Accounts Service (IRAS) 2010 batch recently called on President Pranab Mukherjee at the Rashtrapati Bhavan and were asked by the President to work for the cause of the nation. 3.2 Role and Function The Finance and Accounts functions are integrated with the executive at all levels in the Railways. At the apex level of policy formulation, the Financial Commissioner, Railways, assisted by Additional Member (Finance), Additional Member (Budget), Adviser (Finance) and Adviser (Accounting Reforms) incharge of Budgeting, Expenditure, Earnings, Accounting and Accounting Development/Reforms, is there to aid and guide the Ministry of Railways (Railway Board). At the Zonal level, the General Manager is aided by the Financial
51. 51. Adviser and Chief Accounts Officer along with his assistants. At the Divisional level, which is only an administrative unit of a Zonal Railway, an identical arrangement exists to assist the Divisional Railway Manager in finance and accounts matters. Besides the major production units and workshops, be they manufacturing units or repair and maintenance units, have an inbuilt system of associate finance and accounts. The stores organisation, which is responsible for procurement of stores and materials worth thousands of crores of rupees, is again assisted by Finance & Accounts. In short, there is hardly any sphere of railway activity with which the Accounts and Finance organisation is not directly associated in the decision- making process. In addition, officers of the Service also occupy management posts such as Divisional Railway Managers, Additional General Managers etc. IRAS cadre of Indian Railways is responsible for the Finance and Accounting functions of the Railways. Core functions of this cadre include maintenance of accounts of Indian Railways and Financial Advice to the executive. At the zonal level, IRAS officers are designated as Financial Advisor and Chief Account Officers while at the Division level, they are Divisional Finance Managers. Budget Management, Expenditure Control, Earnings Accountable, Financial scrutiny of various executive proposals are some of the functions performed by IRAS officers. Every expenditure in Indian Railways has to pass through financial scrutiny. The IRAS cadre exercises substantial control over the affairs of the Indian Railways. Officers of Indian Railway Accounts Service serve in various government ministries on deputation as Deputy Secretary/Director, Joint Secretary, and Additional Secretary. They are also sent to various Public Sector undertakings on deputation to hold finance portfolios. 3.3 Organisation At the Apex level, the Financial Commissioner for Railways represents the Ministry of Finance on the Railway Board and also functions ex-officio as Secretary to Government of India in the Ministry of Railways in financial matters. In this capacity, he is vested with full powers to sanction Railway expenditure subject to the general control of the Finance Minister. He has direct contact with the Finance Minister whom he keeps informed of developments in the Ministry of Railways.
52. 52. 4. RAILWAY PROTECTION FORCE (RPF) The Railway Protection Force (RPF) is a security force of India entrusted with protecting railway passengers, passenger area and railway property of the Indian Railways The Force is commonly referred as RPF. The Force is under the authority of Ministry of Railways (India). The strength of RPF is about 65,000. RPF is headed by Director General who is usually an Indian Police Service officer. The Mission of the Railway Protection Force include Protect and safeguard railway passengers, passenger area and railway property. Ensure the safety, security and boost the confidence of the travelling public in the Indian Railways The origin of this force was 'Watch & Ward' and functioned under the administrative control of railway administration. Later on this force was renamed as Railway Protection Force and its members were provided with the power of arrest without warrant for the unlawful possession of railway property. The term railway property included only the properties owned by the railway administration. In due course of time, the definition for the term Railway Property was extended and it included the properties owned by, or in the charge of or entrusted with the railways. The offenders are booked under the Railway Property (Unlawful Possession) Act 1966 which is shortly known as RP(UP) Act 1966. Now the Railway Protection Force has a separate administrative system and functions under the general supervision of the Railway Administration. 4.1 Evolution of the RPF (1854-1861): The maintenance and security of Railways, the vital artery of national communication and economic progress has been a major concern of the Government of India that goes back to the times when the Railway commenced their operations in India in 1854. Since railways have a linear territory traversing inter-state lines, a foolproof security system has been hard to provide. Nevertheless, the genesis of such an endeavour can be traced back to 1854 when East Indian Railways employed certain staff designated as Police to denote its own force by enacting th