An organism’s traits are its

Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Addison-Wesley

Conceptual Integrated Science—Chapter 16

An organism’s traits are its

A. phenotype.

B. genotype.

C. DNA.

D. all of the above.



An organism’s traits are its

A. phenotype.B. genotype.C. DNA.D. all of the above.



What is the function of the proteins known as histones?

A. They divide sections of DNA into genes.

B. They determine where the DNA will unzip for replication.

C. They are the spools around which the DNA wraps.

D. They determine how the DNA will be divided into chromosomes.



A pair of matched chromosomes is called

A. haploid.

B. homologous.

C. diploid.

D. autosomal.



A pair of matched chromosomes is called

A. haploid.B. homologous.C. diploid.D. autosomal.

Explanation:Matched chromosomes are known as homologous chromosomes. Cells—not chromosomes—can be diploid or haploid. Autosomal chromosomes are the chromosomes that do not determine sex.



The “rungs” of a DNA ladder are made of

A. deoxyribose sugar.

B. phosphate.

C. genes.

D. nitrogenous bases.



During DNA replication,

A. a new molecule of double-stranded DNA is created that is identical to the original.

B. one old strand is used to assemble one new strand.

C. the A nucleotide matches with the T and the C with the G.

D. all of the above occur.



What is a key difference between RNA and DNA?

A. RNA lacks a sugar-phosphate backbone.

B. RNA is single stranded, and DNA is double stranded.

C. DNA uses the sugar ribose, but RNA uses the sugar deoxyribose.

D. In RNA, the bases are AGTC, and in DNA the bases are AGUC.



What process uses DNA as a template for building RNA?

A. Replication.

B. Translation.

C. Transcription.

D. Recombination.



What occurs after the mRNA molecule has been transcribed?

A. A cap and a tail are added, and introns are removed.

B. Introns are removed, and exons are added.

C. Exons are removed, and a cap and tail are added.

D. A cap is added, and the tail is removed.



A codon

A. represents a protein.

B. contains introns and exons.

C. stands for one of the amino acids.

D. is all of the above.



A codon

A. represents a protein.

B. contains introns and exons.

C. stands for one of the amino acids.

D. is all of the above.

Explanation:

A codon is formed from a triplet of nucleotides and stands for one of the twenty amino acids that make up proteins.



During translation, the mRNA molecule is bound to a(n)

A. ribosome.

B. nucleotide.

C. codon.

D. anticodon.



A tRNA molecule

A. carries all of the amino acids required to make the protein.

B. includes a ribosome.

C. transfers an amino acid to the protein being assembled.

D. creates a stop codon.



A tRNA molecule

A. carries all of the amino acids requiredto make the protein.

B. includes a ribosome.

C. transfers an amino acid to the protein being assembled.

D. creates a stop codon.



During meiosis,

A. cell division creates haploid cells.

B. four cells are ultimately created from one.

C. crossing over occurs.

D. all of the above occur.



What is the purpose of the crossing-over process in metaphase 1 of meiosis?

A. It ensures that the daughter cells are identical to the parent.

B. It completes the division of chromosomes into two new cells.

C. It moves the chromosomes to the poles of the cell.

D. It contributes to genetic variation among the sex cells.



What is the purpose of the crossing-over process in metaphase 1 of meiosis?

A. It ensures that the daughter cellsare identical to the parent.

B. It completes the division of chromosomes into two new cells.

C. It moves the chromosomes to the poles of the cell.

D. It contributes to genetic variation among the sex cells.



Before Mendel’s work was recognized, the dominant theory of inheritance was

A. blending inheritance.

B. the principle of segregation.

C. codominance.

D. polygenetics.



According to Mendel, when you cross a WW (round pea) plant with a ww (wrinkled pea) plant, the first-generation offspring will

A. be a mix of wrinkled to round pea plants at a ratio of 3:1.

B. be a mix of round to wrinkled pea plants at a ratio of 3:1.

C. all be round pea plants.

D. all be wrinkled pea plants.



According to Mendel, when you cross a WW (round pea) plant with a ww (wrinkled pea) plant, the first-generation offspring will

A. be a mix of wrinkled to roundpea plants at a ratio of 3:1.

B. be a mix of round to wrinkledpea plants at a ratio of 3:1.

C. all be round pea plants.

D. all be wrinkled pea plants.



An example of incomplete dominance is

A. a person’s blood type.

B. pink flowers produced by the mating of a white-flowered plant with a red-flowered plant.

C. a cat that is deaf and has white fur and blue eyes.

D. human height variance.



Linked genes are

A. inherited together more often than expected.

B. on the same chromosome.

C. both A and B.

D. neither A nor B.



The Human Genome Project demonstrated that

A. about 2% of the genome is junk DNA.

B. over 99.9% of base pairs are identical in all humans.

C. most genes are over 2 million bases long.

D. humans have about 100,000 genes.



Which type of mutation occurs when a nucleotide is inserted into a protein-coding sequence?

A. Nonsense mutation.

B. Stop mutation.

C. Point mutation.

D. Frameshift mutation.



Which of the following cancer-related genes act as recessive genes?

A. Tumor suppressor genes.

B. Oncogenes.

C. Both A and B.

D. Neither A nor B.

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