SCIENCE & ENGLISHProject

Historyan olden days for dental treatment.,

they used needle-nose pliers designed by fauchard in the late

17th century to use in prosthodontics..

The first book focused solely on densitry was the artzney buchlein in 1530 and the first called operator

for the teeth by Charles allen in 1685.

What is Dentistry..?

Dentistry is the branch of medicine that is involved in the

study, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of diseases, disorders and conditions of the oral cavity,

commonly in the dentition but also the oral mucosa, and of

adjacent and related structures and tissues, particularly in the

maxillofacial area.

1: Crown

2: Root

3: enamel 4: dentin & dentin tubules

5: pulp chamber6: blood vessels and nerve 7: periodontal ligament8: apex and periapical region

9: alveolar bone

Do AND Don’ts of oral hyigene

a new born child should visit the doctor in 6 months of birth or before the 1st birthday of the child. AAPD

(American academy of pediatrics dentistry) has said that its is important to establish a comprhensive and

accessiable on goin relationship between the dentist and patience. Every 3 moths once change the tooth brush and

visit the dentist. Go under proprer treatment. Gourgle your mouyh after eating sweets. Promote the dental

health of children as serve as educational resource for parents

Dental Treatment

The majority of dental treatments are carried out to prevent or treat the two most common oral diseases which are

dental caries (tooth decay) and periodontal disease (gum disease or pyorrhea). Common treatments involve the

restoration of teeth, extraction or surgical removal of teeth, scaling and root planing and endodontic root canal treatment.Dentists also encourage prevention of oral diseases through

proper hygiene and regular, twice yearly, checkups for professional cleaning and evaluation. Conditions in the oral

cavity may be indicative of systemic diseases such as osteoporosis, diabetes, or cancer. Many studies have also

shown that gum disease is associated with an increased risk of diabetes, heart disease, and preterm birth.

Specialties (Dentistry)

• Special needs dentistry (also called special care dentistry)

• Veterinary dentistry, ( veterinary medicine )

• Pediatric dentistry (also called pedodontics)

• Geriatric dentistry etc….

• Endodontics (also called endodontology)

• Oral and maxillofacial pathology

• Oral and maxillofacial radiology

• Prosthodontics (prosthetic dentisty)

• r

TYPES

Endodotic

ProsthodonticsOrthodontic

ENDODOTIC • Endodontic(surgery involing the pulp or root of the tooth)

1.Root canal * Pulpectomy(the opening of the pulp chamber of the tooth to allow an infection to drain..,usally a precursor to a root canal

* pulpectomy(the removal of the pulp from the pulp chamber to temporarily relieve pain..,usally a precursor to a root canal

2. Apicoectomy

* A root canal alone will not be enough to relieve pain & the tooth, called the apex,will be removed by entering through the gingiva & surgically extracting the diseased material.

Prosthodontics

It include crowns., veneers., bridges., implants., dentures

• Crowns (tooth must be reshaped to accommodate these these fixed restorations)

• Veneers (aesthetic purpose only)

• Bridges ( replace a missing tooth or teeth)

• Implants ( artificial tooth)• Dentures (false teeth)

orthodontic

• Ertraction (this can be done under local or general anesthesia & very common)

• apiectomy ( treatment as part of the underlying bone structure must be done)

• Fiberotomy (a procedure to severe the fibers around a tooth,preventing it from relapsing

Modern Dentistry

The French surgeon Pierre Fauchard became known as the "father of modern dentistry". Despite the limitations of the

primitive surgical instruments during the late 17th and early 18th century, Fauchard was a highly skilled surgeon who made

remarkable improvisations of dental instruments, often adapting tools from watch makers, jewelers and even barbers, that he

thought could be used in dentistry. He introduced dental fillings as treatment for dental cavities. He asserted that sugar derivate

acids like tartaric acid were responsible for dental decay, and also suggested that tumors surrounding the teeth, in the gums,

could appear in the later stages of tooth decay.

Cancer...!!!

What is Cancer?

• Division – uncontrolled cell division

• Growth – formation of a lump (tumour) or large numbers of abnormal white cells in the blood

• Mutation – changes to how the cell is viewed by the immune system

• Spread – ability to move within the body and survive in another part

Lung

Breast

Colon/Rectum

Stomach

Liver

Prostate

Cervix uteri

Oesophagus

Bladder

Non-Hodgkin

Lymphoma

Leukaemia

Oral cavity

Pancreas

Kidney

Ovary

1000 800 600 400 200 0 200 400 600 8001000

Men Women

From: D.M. Parkin The Lancet Oncology 2: 533-543 (2001)

(Thousands)

Incidence

Mortality

337293

1050370

241318

446234

165166

471233

133111

7633

12168

11386

4797

101101

3471

192114

810902

558405

255499

398384

204543

279

260227

99

93167

144109

81170

116112

57119

5.3 million cases3.5 million deaths

4.7 million cases2.7 million deaths

The Global Burden of Cancer

Types of Cancer

CarcinomasSarcomas

LymphomasLeukaemiasAdenomas

What are the differences in the features of normal and cancer cells?

Cancerous growth

What causes cancer?

Industrial pollution

Smoking

• Single biggest cause of cancer

• 25-40% smokers die in middle age

To Avoid Cancer

2. Avoid exposure to other known carcinogens, including aflatoxin, asbestos and UV light.

4. Eat fresh fruit and vegetables several times a day.

5. Be physically active and avoid obesity.

6. Have vaccination against, or early detection/treatmentof, cancer causing chronic infections.

7. Have the right genes.

3. Enjoy a healthy diet, moderate in calories, salt and fat, and low in alcohol.

1. Don’t smoke

Summary

• Cancer is a disease of Division, growth and spread

• It has a number of causes many of them preventable

• The survival of the patient is determined by the stage of the disease, the earlier the detection or the smaller the tumour the better the survival

How teeth is affected when cancer is there???

If a patient has cancer in any part of the body they undergo radiation treatment which is very harmful

and passes harmful rays which will affect the mouth by germs so they may causes decay to the tooth….! Cancer people usualy get ulcer. If it comes in mouth

they wont be able to brush properly which may cause damage to the tooth. If we eat beetal leaves it may

cause cancer and harm the teeth

Research Based on

DENTAL & CANCER

Done By

Seven wonders of the world…! Tharun

Om Yogesh

Devendra Shloka

Palak vishaka

Thank You….!