An MCDA approach for evaluating hydrogen storage An MCDA approach for evaluating hydrogen storage systems for future vehiclessystems for future vehicles

Florent MONTIGNACFlorent MONTIGNAC11, Isabelle NOIROT, Isabelle NOIROT11, Serge CHAUDOURNE, Serge CHAUDOURNE11

&&Vincent MOUSSEAUVincent MOUSSEAU22, Denis BOUYSSOU, Denis BOUYSSOU22, Mohammed Ali ALOULOU, Mohammed Ali ALOULOU22, , SébastienSébastien DAMARTDAMART22, Benjamin ROUSVAL, Benjamin ROUSVAL22

11CEA CEA -- French Atomic Energy Commission, Hydrogen Technologies DepartmeFrench Atomic Energy Commission, Hydrogen Technologies Department (DTH) nt (DTH) 17 rue des Martyrs 38054 17 rue des Martyrs 38054 GrenobleGrenoble -- FranceFrance

22LAMSADE, LAMSADE, UniversitéUniversité Paris Dauphine Paris Dauphine Place du Maréchal De Place du Maréchal De LattreLattre de de TassignyTassigny 75 775 Paris 75 775 Paris -- FranceFrance

florent.montignac@cea.fr

22ndnd Decision Deck WorkshopDecision Deck Workshop

February 2008, 21February 2008, 21--2222

LAMSADE LAMSADE -- UniversitéUniversité Paris DauphineParis Dauphine

F. Montignac 2nd Decision Deck Workshop – Paris – February 2008 2

An MCDA approach for evaluating hydrogen storage systems for future vehicles

Content

ll Hydrogen, one possible solution to overcome global warming and cHydrogen, one possible solution to overcome global warming and climate changelimate change

ll Hydrogen storage, a key issue for automotive applicationsHydrogen storage, a key issue for automotive applications

ll Implementation of an MCDA approach for evaluating hydrogen storaImplementation of an MCDA approach for evaluating hydrogen storage systems for ge systems for future vehiclesfuture vehicles

•• STORHY, a European projectSTORHY, a European project

•• Structuring the context of the evaluation: actors, alternatives,Structuring the context of the evaluation: actors, alternatives, criteria, boundariescriteria, boundaries

•• Elaborating evaluation models using MACBETH methodElaborating evaluation models using MACBETH method

•• Providing recommendationsProviding recommendations

ll Conclusions and perspectivesConclusions and perspectives

F. Montignac 2nd Decision Deck Workshop – Paris – February 2008 3

An MCDA approach for evaluating hydrogen storage systems for future vehicles

Content

ll Hydrogen, one possible solution to overcome global warming and cHydrogen, one possible solution to overcome global warming and climate changelimate change

ll Hydrogen storage, a key issue for automotive applicationsHydrogen storage, a key issue for automotive applications

ll Implementation of an MCDA approach for evaluating hydrogen storaImplementation of an MCDA approach for evaluating hydrogen storage systems for ge systems for future vehiclesfuture vehicles

•• STORHY, a European projectSTORHY, a European project

•• Structuring the context of the evaluation: actors, alternatives,Structuring the context of the evaluation: actors, alternatives, criteria, boundariescriteria, boundaries

•• Elaborating evaluation models using MACBETH methodElaborating evaluation models using MACBETH method

•• Providing recommendationsProviding recommendations

ll Conclusions and perspectivesConclusions and perspectives

F. Montignac 2nd Decision Deck Workshop – Paris – February 2008 4

An MCDA approach for evaluating hydrogen storage systems for future vehicles

Hydrogen, one possible solution to overcome global warming Hydrogen, one possible solution to overcome global warming and climate changeand climate change

Climate change: a realty directly correlated to greenhouse gases emissions from human activity

Source: IPCC 2007

Source: IPCC 2007

Causes…

…and consequences

F. Montignac 2nd Decision Deck Workshop – Paris – February 2008 5

An MCDA approach for evaluating hydrogen storage systems for future vehicles

Hydrogen, one possible solution to overcome global warming Hydrogen, one possible solution to overcome global warming and climate changeand climate change

Transport is one of the main sources of greenhouse gases emissions: there is a need to reduce the emissions in this domain

Greenhouse gas emissions by sectors in Europe in 2005

Source: EEA

F. Montignac 2nd Decision Deck Workshop – Paris – February 2008 6

An MCDA approach for evaluating hydrogen storage systems for future vehicles

Hydrogen, one possible solution to overcome global warming Hydrogen, one possible solution to overcome global warming and climate changeand climate change

Hydrogen is a non carbonated energy carrier

Its conversion into energy does not produce any greenhouse gas

The conversion of hydrogen using Fuel Cells produces electricity, heat and water

HH22

HH22 →→ 2H2H+++2e+2e-- 2H2H+++ ½ O+ ½ O22+2e+2e--→→ HH22OO

Source: CEA

F. Montignac 2nd Decision Deck Workshop – Paris – February 2008 7

An MCDA approach for evaluating hydrogen storage systems for future vehicles

Hydrogen, one possible solution to overcome global warming Hydrogen, one possible solution to overcome global warming and climate changeand climate change

Moreover, hydrogen can be produced from CO2 free primary energy sources such as nuclear energy and renewable energies

Sources: CEA, Air Liquide, UTRC

F. Montignac 2nd Decision Deck Workshop – Paris – February 2008 8

An MCDA approach for evaluating hydrogen storage systems for future vehicles

Content

ll Hydrogen, one possible solution to overcome global warming and cHydrogen, one possible solution to overcome global warming and climate changelimate change

ll Hydrogen storage, a key issue for automotive applicationsHydrogen storage, a key issue for automotive applications

ll Implementation of an MCDA approach for evaluating hydrogen storaImplementation of an MCDA approach for evaluating hydrogen storage systems for ge systems for future vehiclesfuture vehicles

•• STORHY, a European projectSTORHY, a European project

•• Structuring the context of the evaluation: actors, alternatives,Structuring the context of the evaluation: actors, alternatives, criteria, boundariescriteria, boundaries

•• Elaborating evaluation models using MACBETH methodElaborating evaluation models using MACBETH method

•• Providing recommendationsProviding recommendations

ll Conclusions and perspectivesConclusions and perspectives

F. Montignac 2nd Decision Deck Workshop – Paris – February 2008 9

An MCDA approach for evaluating hydrogen storage systems for future vehicles

Hydrogen storage, a key issue for automotive applicationsHydrogen storage, a key issue for automotive applications

Hydrogen gas is characterized by a high gravimetric energy density … but avery low volumetric energy density at ambient temperature and pressure

0.0110.01127.627.635.835.832.232.234.534.5Volumetric energy densityVolumetric energy density(GJ/m(GJ/m33))

120.1120.146.046.043.143.143.243.242.042.0Gravimetric energy densityGravimetric energy density(MJ/kg)(MJ/kg)

HH22(1 bar)(1 bar)LPGLPGDieselDieselGasolineGasolineCrudeCrude

There is a need to increase the volumetric energy density of hydrogen

F. Montignac 2nd Decision Deck Workshop – Paris – February 2008 10

An MCDA approach for evaluating hydrogen storage systems for future vehicles

Hydrogen storage, a key issue for automotive applicationsHydrogen storage, a key issue for automotive applications

In order to improve the volumetric energy density, hydrogen can be stored as a compressed gas, as a cryogenic liquid, or stored in solid materials

Source: UTRC

Compressed gas Cryogenic liquid Storage in solid materials

Source: LindeSource: Dynetek

HH22

F. Montignac 2nd Decision Deck Workshop – Paris – February 2008 11

An MCDA approach for evaluating hydrogen storage systems for future vehicles

Hydrogen storage, a key issue for automotive applicationsHydrogen storage, a key issue for automotive applications

Each one of these technologies has specific advantages and drawbacks

Not mature (lab scale materials research)

Low gravimetric energy density

Heat management, refuelling time

High volumetric energy density

Potentially safer than the other technologies

Storage in solid materials

Hydrogen losses (4% per day)

Energy needed for hydrogen liquefaction

Draft regulations

Costs

Interesting volumetric energy density

Potentially high gravimetric energy density

Cryogenic liquid

Draft regulations

Energy needed for the compression

Low conformability (cylindrical shape)

Costs (carbon fibre)

Mature technology

Similar manufacturing process as compressed natural gas (CNG)

Interesting gravimetric energy density

Compressed gas

DrawbacksAdvantages

None of these technologies is completely satisfactory for the moment

Needs in Research & Development Needs in terms of evaluation

Source: Dynetek

Source: Linde

Source: UTRC

F. Montignac 2nd Decision Deck Workshop – Paris – February 2008 12

An MCDA approach for evaluating hydrogen storage systems for future vehicles

Content

ll Hydrogen, one possible solution to overcome global warming and cHydrogen, one possible solution to overcome global warming and climate changelimate change

ll Hydrogen storage, a key issue for automotive applicationsHydrogen storage, a key issue for automotive applications

ll Implementation of an MCDA approach for evaluating hydrogen storaImplementation of an MCDA approach for evaluating hydrogen storage systems for ge systems for future vehiclesfuture vehicles

•• STORHY, a European projectSTORHY, a European project

•• Structuring the context of the evaluation: actors, alternatives,Structuring the context of the evaluation: actors, alternatives, criteria, boundariescriteria, boundaries

•• Elaborating evaluation models using MACBETH methodElaborating evaluation models using MACBETH method

•• Providing recommendationsProviding recommendations

ll Conclusions and perspectivesConclusions and perspectives

F. Montignac 2nd Decision Deck Workshop – Paris – February 2008 13

An MCDA approach for evaluating hydrogen storage systems for future vehicles

Implementation of an MCDA approach for evaluating Implementation of an MCDA approach for evaluating hydrogen storage systems for future vehicleshydrogen storage systems for future vehicles

STORHY: STORHY: Hydrogen Storage Systems for Automotive ApplicationsHydrogen Storage Systems for Automotive Applications

An Integrated Project within the EU FP6

F. Montignac 2nd Decision Deck Workshop – Paris – February 2008 14

An MCDA approach for evaluating hydrogen storage systems for future vehicles

Implementation of an MCDA approach for evaluating Implementation of an MCDA approach for evaluating hydrogen storage systems for future vehicleshydrogen storage systems for future vehicles

STORHY: STORHY: Hydrogen Storage Systems for Automotive ApplicationsHydrogen Storage Systems for Automotive Applications

Objective

Investigate advanced technological solutions for each one of the three main hydrogen storage methods

- Compressed gas: hydrogen storage at 700 bars- Cryogenic liquid: lightweight conformable storage systems- Storage in solid materials: investigate new lightweight hydrides

Structure

Car manufacturers

Technical development

Transversal activities

F. Montignac 2nd Decision Deck Workshop – Paris – February 2008 15

An MCDA approach for evaluating hydrogen storage systems for future vehicles

Options Evaluation criteria

Performance table

Preferences modelling

Evaluation model

Recommendations

{ }maaaA ,...,, 21= { }ngggF ,...,, 21=

gn(am)Option am

……

gi(aj)Option aj

……

g1(a1)Option a1

Criterion gn…Criterion gi…Criterion g1

3. Providing recommendations

2. Building an evaluation model

1. Structuring the context of the evaluation

Implementation of an MCDA approach for evaluating Implementation of an MCDA approach for evaluating hydrogen storage systems for future vehicleshydrogen storage systems for future vehicles

F. Montignac 2nd Decision Deck Workshop – Paris – February 2008 16

An MCDA approach for evaluating hydrogen storage systems for future vehicles

3. Providing recommendations

2. Building an evaluation model

1. Structuring the context of the evaluation

Implementation of an MCDA approach for evaluating Implementation of an MCDA approach for evaluating hydrogen storage systems for future vehicleshydrogen storage systems for future vehicles

Ø Interaction with car manufacturers in order to agree onØ Alternatives to be comparedØ Evaluation boundariesØ Evaluation criteria

ØØ Interaction with car manufacturers in order to agree onInteraction with car manufacturers in order to agree onØØ Alternatives to be comparedAlternatives to be comparedØØ Evaluation boundariesEvaluation boundariesØØ Evaluation criteriaEvaluation criteria

Ø Interaction with technical sub-projects in order to collect data and build performance tables

Ø Interaction with car manufacturers in order to model their preferences

ØØ Interaction with technical subInteraction with technical sub--projects in order to projects in order to collect data and build performance tablescollect data and build performance tables

ØØ Interaction with car manufacturers in order to model Interaction with car manufacturers in order to model their preferencestheir preferences

Ø Interaction with car manufacturers in order to validate the outputs of the evaluation models

ØØ Interaction with car manufacturers in order to validate Interaction with car manufacturers in order to validate the outputs of the evaluation modelsthe outputs of the evaluation models

F. Montignac 2nd Decision Deck Workshop – Paris – February 2008 17

An MCDA approach for evaluating hydrogen storage systems for future vehicles

Implementation of an MCDA approach for evaluating Implementation of an MCDA approach for evaluating hydrogen storage systems for future vehicleshydrogen storage systems for future vehicles

Technical performanceTechnical performance Social acceptanceSocial acceptance

CostsCosts Environmental impactsEnvironmental impacts

Risks, regulations and standardsRisks, regulations and standards

Refuelling Final use

Production

Recycling

Storage systemCompressed, liquid, solid…

1. Structuring the context of the evaluation

Ø Evaluation boundaries and evaluation domains

F. Montignac 2nd Decision Deck Workshop – Paris – February 2008 18

An MCDA approach for evaluating hydrogen storage systems for future vehicles

Implementation of an MCDA approach for evaluating Implementation of an MCDA approach for evaluating hydrogen storage systems for future vehicleshydrogen storage systems for future vehicles

Ø Technical performance: hypotheses

Evaluation criteria

Ø System volume (l)

Ø System mass (kg)

Ø Refuelling time (min)

Ø Hydrogen loss rate (g/h/kgH2)

The evaluation method is illustrated in the case of 3 hydrogen storage technologies T1, T2 and T3

Final application

Ø Fuel cell vehicle – 6kg of H2

1. Structuring the context of the evaluation

F. Montignac 2nd Decision Deck Workshop – Paris – February 2008 19

An MCDA approach for evaluating hydrogen storage systems for future vehicles

Implementation of an MCDA approach for evaluating Implementation of an MCDA approach for evaluating hydrogen storage systems for future vehicleshydrogen storage systems for future vehicles

Ø The evaluation model is built using the “MACBETH” method (« Measuring Attractiveness by a Categorical Based Evaluation TecHnique »).

Ø M-MACBETH Decision Support System available at www.m-macbeth.com

Ø This method is being implemented in public policies, quality management, investment strategies…

Ø MACBETH relies on a cardinal multicriteria aggregation procedure

Ø This procedure is implemented through interactive exchanges with the decision makers

∑=

=n

ijiiij agvwav

1

))(()(Raw performance

Normalized scales of attractivenessScale constants

1. Structuring the context of the evaluation

F. Montignac 2nd Decision Deck Workshop – Paris – February 2008 20

An MCDA approach for evaluating hydrogen storage systems for future vehicles

Implementation of an MCDA approach for evaluating Implementation of an MCDA approach for evaluating hydrogen storage systems for future vehicleshydrogen storage systems for future vehicles

Ø Step 1: raw performance (physical scales)

∑=

=n

ijiiij agvwav

1

))(()(Raw performance

2. Building an evaluation model

F. Montignac 2nd Decision Deck Workshop – Paris – February 2008 21

An MCDA approach for evaluating hydrogen storage systems for future vehicles

Implementation of an MCDA approach for evaluating Implementation of an MCDA approach for evaluating hydrogen storage systems for future vehicleshydrogen storage systems for future vehicles

Ø Performance table obtained from prototypes specifications and system level extrapolations

FC Vehicle6kg H2

~020380100T3

~163110200T2

~04140250T1

H2 loss rate(g/h/kgH2)

Refuelling time(min)

System mass(kg)

System volume

(l)

(example)

2. Building an evaluation model

F. Montignac 2nd Decision Deck Workshop – Paris – February 2008 22

An MCDA approach for evaluating hydrogen storage systems for future vehicles

Ø Step 2: normalized scales

∑=

=n

ijiiij agvwav

1

))(()(

Normalized scales of attractiveness

Implementation of an MCDA approach for evaluating Implementation of an MCDA approach for evaluating hydrogen storage systems for future vehicleshydrogen storage systems for future vehicles

2. Building an evaluation model

F. Montignac 2nd Decision Deck Workshop – Paris – February 2008 23

An MCDA approach for evaluating hydrogen storage systems for future vehicles

A major R&D effort is necessary to allow the adoption of the technology

R&D is still necessary to reach satisfying performancelevel on the studied criterion

R&D effort on this criterion is not necessary for the technology

Satisfying level

Acceptable level

Criterion Criterion ggii

Ø Definition of reference levels for each criterion

Implementation of an MCDA approach for evaluating Implementation of an MCDA approach for evaluating hydrogen storage systems for future vehicleshydrogen storage systems for future vehicles

2. Building an evaluation model

F. Montignac 2nd Decision Deck Workshop – Paris – February 2008 24

An MCDA approach for evaluating hydrogen storage systems for future vehicles

(example)

A major R&D effort is necessary to allow the adoption of the technology

R&D is still necessary to reach satisfying performancelevel on the studied criterion

R&D effort on this criterion is not necessary for the technology

Satisfying level – 80l

Acceptable level – 150l

Criterion “System volume”Criterion “System volume”

T3 – 100l

T2 – 200l

T1 – 250l

Ø Definition of reference levels for each criterion

FC Vehicle6kg H2

(example)

(example)

Implementation of an MCDA approach for evaluating Implementation of an MCDA approach for evaluating hydrogen storage systems for future vehicleshydrogen storage systems for future vehicles

2. Building an evaluation model

F. Montignac 2nd Decision Deck Workshop – Paris – February 2008 25

An MCDA approach for evaluating hydrogen storage systems for future vehicles

Sat – 80l

Acc – 150l

““System volume” System volume”

Sat – 60kg

Acc – 200kg

““System mass” System mass”

Sat – 0.5g/h/kgH2

Acc – 1g/h/kgH2

““HH22 loss rate” loss rate”

Sat – 5min

Acc – 10min

““Refuelling time” Refuelling time”

T1 – 140kg

T2 – 110kg

T3 – 380kg

T3 – 100l

T2 – 200l

T1 – 250l

T1 – 4min

T2 – 3min

T3 – 20min

T1/T3: ~0

T2 – 16g/h/kgH2

Ø Definition of reference levels for each criterion

FC Vehicle6kg H2

(example)

(example)

(example)

(example)

(example)

(example)

(example)

(example)

(example)

Implementation of an MCDA approach for evaluating Implementation of an MCDA approach for evaluating hydrogen storage systems for future vehicleshydrogen storage systems for future vehicles

2. Building an evaluation model

F. Montignac 2nd Decision Deck Workshop – Paris – February 2008 26

An MCDA approach for evaluating hydrogen storage systems for future vehicles

« no difference »

« very weak »

« weak »

« moderate »

« strong »

« very strong »

« extreme »

??

2. Building an evaluation model

Ø Difference of attractiveness between options

Satisfying level – 80l

Acceptable level – 150l

Criterion “System volume”Criterion “System volume”

T3 – 100l

T2 – 200l

T1 – 250l

Implementation of an MCDA approach for evaluating Implementation of an MCDA approach for evaluating hydrogen storage systems for future vehicleshydrogen storage systems for future vehicles

F. Montignac 2nd Decision Deck Workshop – Paris – February 2008 27

An MCDA approach for evaluating hydrogen storage systems for future vehicles

2. Building an evaluation model

Ø Difference of attractiveness between options

M-MACBETH software processing:

(example)

Implementation of an MCDA approach for evaluating Implementation of an MCDA approach for evaluating hydrogen storage systems for future vehicleshydrogen storage systems for future vehicles

F. Montignac 2nd Decision Deck Workshop – Paris – February 2008 28

An MCDA approach for evaluating hydrogen storage systems for future vehicles

2. Building an evaluation model

Sat – 100

Acc – 0

““System volume” System volume”

Sat – 100

Acc – 0

““System mass” System mass”

Sat – 100

Acc – 0

““HH22 loss rate” loss rate”

Sat – 100

Acc – 0

““Refuelling time” Refuelling time”

T1

T2

T3

T3

T2

T1

T1

T2

T3

T1/T3

T2

Ø Normalized scales of attractiveness

Implementation of an MCDA approach for evaluating Implementation of an MCDA approach for evaluating hydrogen storage systems for future vehicleshydrogen storage systems for future vehicles

F. Montignac 2nd Decision Deck Workshop – Paris – February 2008 29

An MCDA approach for evaluating hydrogen storage systems for future vehicles

Ø Step 3: scale constants

∑=

=n

ijiiij agvwav

1

))(()(

2. Building an evaluation model

Scale constants

Implementation of an MCDA approach for evaluating Implementation of an MCDA approach for evaluating hydrogen storage systems for future vehicleshydrogen storage systems for future vehicles

F. Montignac 2nd Decision Deck Workshop – Paris – February 2008 30

An MCDA approach for evaluating hydrogen storage systems for future vehicles

2. Building an evaluation model

Sat – 80l

Acc – 150l

““System volume” System volume”

Sat – 60kg

Acc – 200kg

““System mass” System mass”

Sat – 0.5g/h/kgH2

Acc – 1g/h/kgH2

““HH22 loss rate” loss rate”

Sat – 5min

Acc – 10min

““Refuelling time” Refuelling time”

ffvolvol

Ø Comparison between fictitious alternatives

Implementation of an MCDA approach for evaluating Implementation of an MCDA approach for evaluating hydrogen storage systems for future vehicleshydrogen storage systems for future vehicles

F. Montignac 2nd Decision Deck Workshop – Paris – February 2008 31

An MCDA approach for evaluating hydrogen storage systems for future vehicles

2. Building an evaluation model

Sat – 80l

Acc – 150l

““System volume” System volume”

Sat – 60kg

Acc – 200kg

““System mass” System mass”

Sat – 0.5g/h/kgH2

Acc – 1g/h/kgH2

““HH22 loss rate” loss rate”

Sat – 5min

Acc – 10min

““Refuelling time” Refuelling time”

ffmassmass

Ø Comparison between fictitious alternatives

Implementation of an MCDA approach for evaluating Implementation of an MCDA approach for evaluating hydrogen storage systems for future vehicleshydrogen storage systems for future vehicles

F. Montignac 2nd Decision Deck Workshop – Paris – February 2008 32

An MCDA approach for evaluating hydrogen storage systems for future vehicles

2. Building an evaluation model

Sat – 80l

Acc – 150l

““System volume” System volume”

Sat – 60kg

Acc – 200kg

““System mass” System mass”

Sat – 0.5g/h/kgH2

Acc – 1g/h/kgH2

““HH22 loss rate” loss rate”

Sat – 5min

Acc – 10min

““Refuelling time” Refuelling time”

ffrefuelrefuel

Ø Comparison between fictitious alternatives

Implementation of an MCDA approach for evaluating Implementation of an MCDA approach for evaluating hydrogen storage systems for future vehicleshydrogen storage systems for future vehicles

F. Montignac 2nd Decision Deck Workshop – Paris – February 2008 33

An MCDA approach for evaluating hydrogen storage systems for future vehicles

2. Building an evaluation model

Sat – 80l

Acc – 150l

““System volume” System volume”

Sat – 60kg

Acc – 200kg

““System mass” System mass”

Sat – 0.5g/h/kgH2

Acc – 1g/h/kgH2

““HH22 loss rate” loss rate”

Sat – 5min

Acc – 10min

““Refuelling time” Refuelling time”

fflossloss

Ø Comparison between fictitious alternatives

Implementation of an MCDA approach for evaluating Implementation of an MCDA approach for evaluating hydrogen storage systems for future vehicleshydrogen storage systems for future vehicles

F. Montignac 2nd Decision Deck Workshop – Paris – February 2008 34

An MCDA approach for evaluating hydrogen storage systems for future vehicles

2. Building an evaluation model

fvol > fmass > frefuel > floss

Ø Comparison between fictitious alternatives (ranking)

« no difference »

« very weak »

« weak »

« moderate »

« strong »

« very strong »

« extreme »

Ø Difference of attractiveness between fictitious alternatives

fvol > fmass > frefuel > floss

??

(example)

(example)

Implementation of an MCDA approach for evaluating Implementation of an MCDA approach for evaluating hydrogen storage systems for future vehicleshydrogen storage systems for future vehicles

F. Montignac 2nd Decision Deck Workshop – Paris – February 2008 35

An MCDA approach for evaluating hydrogen storage systems for future vehicles

2. Building an evaluation model

Ø M-MACBETH software processing: scale constants calculation

Scale constants

(example)

Implementation of an MCDA approach for evaluating Implementation of an MCDA approach for evaluating hydrogen storage systems for future vehicleshydrogen storage systems for future vehicles

F. Montignac 2nd Decision Deck Workshop – Paris – February 2008 36

An MCDA approach for evaluating hydrogen storage systems for future vehicles

3. Providing recommendations

))(( 1Tgvw massmassmass

))(( 1Tgvw refuelrefuelrefuel

))(( 1Tgvw volvolvol

))(( 1Tgvw losslossloss

Ø The R&D effort for each storage technology is then identified taking intoaccount the priorities for the car manufacturer

Implementation of an MCDA approach for evaluating Implementation of an MCDA approach for evaluating hydrogen storage systems for future vehicleshydrogen storage systems for future vehicles

F. Montignac 2nd Decision Deck Workshop – Paris – February 2008 37

An MCDA approach for evaluating hydrogen storage systems for future vehicles

3. Providing recommendations

Ø The R&D effort for each storage technology is then identified taking intoaccount the priorities for the car manufacturer

Implementation of an MCDA approach for evaluating Implementation of an MCDA approach for evaluating hydrogen storage systems for future vehicleshydrogen storage systems for future vehicles

F. Montignac 2nd Decision Deck Workshop – Paris – February 2008 38

An MCDA approach for evaluating hydrogen storage systems for future vehicles

Content

ll Hydrogen, one possible solution to overcome global warming and cHydrogen, one possible solution to overcome global warming and climate changelimate change

ll Hydrogen storage, a key issue for automotive applicationsHydrogen storage, a key issue for automotive applications

ll Implementation of an MCDA approach for evaluating hydrogen storaImplementation of an MCDA approach for evaluating hydrogen storage systems for ge systems for future vehiclesfuture vehicles

•• STORHY, a European projectSTORHY, a European project

•• Structuring the context of the evaluation: actors, alternatives,Structuring the context of the evaluation: actors, alternatives, criteria, boundariescriteria, boundaries

•• Elaborating evaluation models using MACBETH methodElaborating evaluation models using MACBETH method

•• Providing recommendationsProviding recommendations

ll Conclusions and perspectivesConclusions and perspectives

F. Montignac 2nd Decision Deck Workshop – Paris – February 2008 39

An MCDA approach for evaluating hydrogen storage systems for future vehicles

Conclusions and perspectives

Ø The evaluation of hydrogen storage technologies is a multicriteria evaluation problematic

Ø The implementation of multicriteria evaluation-aiding methods can help researchers and car manufacturers in evaluating and orientating hydrogen R&D by

• Expressing “acceptable” and “satisfying” performance levels for one specific final application

• Positioning hydrogen technologies in comparison with technical targets

• Identifying R&D priorities for each technology

F. Montignac 2nd Decision Deck Workshop – Paris – February 2008 40

An MCDA approach for evaluating hydrogen storage systems for future vehicles

Thank you for your attention

Discussions