An Introduction to Virology
description
Transcript of An Introduction to Virology
![Page 1: An Introduction to Virology](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062410/56816595550346895dd86913/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
An Introduction to Virology
LECTURE 1:
Viro100: Virology3 Credit hoursNUST Centre of Virology & Immunology
![Page 2: An Introduction to Virology](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062410/56816595550346895dd86913/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Course Work
• Quizzes 5%• Class Participation & Attendance 5%• Presentation & Assignment 10%• First Sessional 20%• Second Sessional 20%• Final Term 40%
![Page 3: An Introduction to Virology](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062410/56816595550346895dd86913/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
2008is awarded with one half to
Harald zur Hausen for his discovery of
“human papilloma viruses causing cervical cancer”and the other half jointly toFrançoise Barré-Sinoussi
and Luc Montagnierfor their discovery of
“human immunodeficiency virus”
![Page 4: An Introduction to Virology](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062410/56816595550346895dd86913/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Major topics in General Virology
• What is virus?• Virus growth in cells• Virus interaction with whole organism• Viruses and diseases• Antiviral pharmacology and applied virology
![Page 5: An Introduction to Virology](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062410/56816595550346895dd86913/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Viruses are every where !!!!• We carry viral genomes as part of our own genome
material• Every milliliter of seawater has more than a million
virus particles• More than 1030 bacteriophage particles in the
world’s water supply• A bacteriophage particle weighs about a femtogram
(10-15 grams)• 1030 X 10-15 = the biomass on the planet of
BACTERIAL VIRUSES ALONE exceeds the biomass of elephants by more than 1000 fold
![Page 6: An Introduction to Virology](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062410/56816595550346895dd86913/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
• There are ~1016 HIV genomes on the planet today• With this number of genomes, it is highly probable
that HIV genomes exist that are resistant to every one of the antiviral drugs that we have now, Or EVER WILL HAVE!
• Each of you in this room is probably infected with at least 2 of the 9 known herpes viruses
• Each of you has thousands of copies of old and new retrovirus genomes integrated into your DNA
• About 8% of your DNA is made up of these ancient genomes
![Page 7: An Introduction to Virology](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062410/56816595550346895dd86913/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Viruses are helpful,,,!!!
• Anti-bacterial agents• Phage typing of bacteria• Sources of enzymes• Pesticides• Anti-cancer agents• Gene vectors for protein production
![Page 8: An Introduction to Virology](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062410/56816595550346895dd86913/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Small Pox Virus Foot and Mouth Disease Virus (FMDV)
![Page 9: An Introduction to Virology](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062410/56816595550346895dd86913/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Delayed emergence of potatocaused by Tobacco Rattle Virus
infection
Damaged potato(spraing) caused by
Tobacco Rattle Virus infection
![Page 10: An Introduction to Virology](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062410/56816595550346895dd86913/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Mushroom virus X Escherichia coli cell withPhage T4 attached
Viruses are a significant part of the ecosystem, infecting every living thing
![Page 11: An Introduction to Virology](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062410/56816595550346895dd86913/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Capsid
Viral core
Envelope
![Page 12: An Introduction to Virology](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062410/56816595550346895dd86913/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
General Properties of Viruses
• Viruses are extremely small• Viruses lack metabolic machinery• Viruses cannot survive on their own• Viruses cannot be grown on artificial media• Need always living cell for infection• “Organisms at the edge of life”
![Page 13: An Introduction to Virology](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062410/56816595550346895dd86913/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Viruses are parasite Viruses hijack host machinery and utilize it for
Building blocks such as amino acids and nucleosidesProtein synthesizing machinery (ribosomes)Energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate
A virus modifies the intracellular environment of its host in order to enhance the efficiency of the replication process.
Modifications might include production of new membranous structures, reduced expression of cell genes or enhancement of a cell process.
![Page 14: An Introduction to Virology](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062410/56816595550346895dd86913/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Viruses are living or non-living??Non living?? How? lead a kind of borrowed life
acellular
Living??Viruses belong to biology because they possessgenes,replicate, evolve, and are adapted to particular hosts,biotic habitats, and ecological niches
![Page 15: An Introduction to Virology](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062410/56816595550346895dd86913/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Viruses : They are the smallest and simplest form of
life on earth, which can replicate only in living susceptible cells
Virology: the science which deals with study of viruses
as causative agents of very important diseases that occurs in human, animals, plants and other living organisms (insects, bacteria,…)
![Page 16: An Introduction to Virology](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062410/56816595550346895dd86913/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
In The Cow-Pock—or—the Wonderful Effects of the New Inoculation! (1802), James Gillray caricatured recipients of the vaccine developing cow
like appendages.
![Page 17: An Introduction to Virology](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062410/56816595550346895dd86913/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)