An Introduction to Truck Accident Claims: A Guide to Getting Started

7/24/2019 An Introduction to Truck Accident Claims: A Guide to Getting Started

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Oi Aitrjeugtaji tj Urug` Oggaenit Gdoabs8

O Kuaen tj Knttaik Wtortne

My Glras E. Kdjvnr



Oi Aitrjeugtaji tj Urug` Oggaenit Gdoabs8 O Kuaen tj Knttaik WtortneMy Glras E. Kdjvnr

Srjeugne my tln dow farb jf Mnosdny, Oddni, Grjw, Bntlvai, Sjrtas& Badns, S.G.

=?< Gjbbnrgn WtrnntBjitkjbnry, Odomobo 76?35(775) =61-=757

© =3?> Mnosdny Oddni Dow Farb Odd ]aklts ]nsnrvneSumdaslne =3?>Sraitne ai tln ^iatne Wtotns jf ObnragoFarst Neataji

Nvnry nffjrt los mnni boen tj nisurn tln oggurogy jf tln aifjrbotajilnrnai. Ljwnvnr, tln outljr oie Mnosdny Oddni Dow Farb orn ijtrnspjisamdn fjr oiy nrrjrs jr jbassajis wlagl baklt lovn jggurrne.



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Oi Aitrjeugtaji tj Urug` Oggaenit Gdoabs8 O Kuaen tj Knttaik Wtortne

Uomdn jf Gjitnits

Srnfogn8 [ly [ratn Ulas Mjj`:

Gloptnr Jin8 Ljw tj Knt Wtortne … ?

Mranf ji tln Mosags … = [lj rnkudotns [lj, [lot, [lnrn, & [lni: … 5

Dnoriaik tln Daikj … <@ny —[ljs‒ jf ]nks & ]nqs …?3@ny —[lots‒ … ?3Srnp fjr Qjur Gosn … ?6

Gloptnr Uwj8 [lj tj Wun … 77

Uln Gorranr … 77 Uln Mrj`nr … >=

Uln Eravnr … >1

Gloptnr Ulrnn8 Assuns Ulot Orasn ai Gjbbnrgaod Vnlagdn Datakotaji … <;

Ljurs jf Wnrvagn/Fotakun … <;Boaitnioign … ?3>Laraik, Wupnrvasaji & ]ntnitaji … ??;Srjeugts Daomadaty … ?73Wumstoign Omusn … ?55

Gatotajis Og`ijwdnekbnits



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[ly wratn tlas mjj`:

Ai by wjr`, A snn o djt jf gdoabs rndotne tj outjbjmadn oggaenits. Bjrn tloitwnity baddaji outjbjmadn oggaenits jggur nogl ynor ai tln îatne Wtotns.? Ujj boiy jf tlnsn aivjdvn snba-trug`s. At as trun tlot tln îatne Wtotns jf Obnrago oie vorajus jtlnr gjuitrans orjuie tln wjrde krnotdy mninfat frjbtln troispjrtotaji jf gjbbnrgaod kjjes gorrane my trug`s. At as nstabotnetlot bjrn tloi ;3 pnrgnit jf tln kjjes ai tln îatne Wtotns tjeoy orntroispjrtne my opprjxabotndy ?.1 baddaji snba-trug`s.= Uln trugàikaieustry prjeugns prjvaens bjrn tloi <.1 baddaji hjms tj pnjpdn ai tlnîatne Wtotns.7 Uln mninfats jf trug`s orn uiqunstajiomdn, mut tln eoiknrs

jf trug`s goi mn uiporoddndne.

Ai =331, tlnrn wnrn opprjxabotndy 7,7<3 fotodatans os o rnsudt jf dorkn trug`-rndotne oggaenits oie ;5,333 aihurans. Uln rotaj jf aihurans tj trug`s ji tlnrjoe as nxtrnbndy lakl, watl opprjxabotndy 13,333 oggaenits oie aihuransnogl ynor. Ijigjbbnrgaod eravnrs, nspngaoddy tljsn tlot gjbbjidy utadazntln Obnragoi aitnrstotns, slorn tln rjoewoys watl gjbbnrgaod bjtjr

vnlagdns (GBVs), jr trug`s. Uln ras` jf fotodatans as for krnotnr wlni o trugàs aivjdvne ai o gjddasaji fjr jmvajus rnosjis8 tln trug` as dorknr.

Uj put tlas ai pnrspngtavn, o Ujyjto Gobry, jin jf tln bjrn gjbbji vnlagdns ji tln rjoe, wnakls opprjxabotndy 7,533 pjuies0 o fuddy djoenesnba-trug` goi wnakl frjb <3,333 tj =73,333 pjuies oie mn bjrn tloi ?;>fnnt ai dniktl wladn loudaik ndngtrag waiebadds.5 [lni o trug` oie gorgjddaen, tln trug` wadd wai nvnry tabn ‗ jftni rnsudtaik ai snrajus aihury jrenotl tj tln eravnr jf tln gor. Af o enotl jggurs ai oi oggaenit aivjdvaik otrug`, 1< pnrgnit jf tln tabn tln engnosne as tln eravnr jf tln jtlnr vnlagdn.>

Uln gloigns orn o dowynr ai pravotn progtagn wadd rui ogrjss ot dnost jin trug` wrng` gosn euraik las jr lnr gornnr.

Gosns aivjdvaik ?<-wlnndnrs orn gjbpdagotne, watl fogtjrs aigdueaik tlnsofnty jf mak rak eravnrs, os wndd os tln sofnty jf outjbjmadn eravnrs tlotslorn tln rjoe watl tlnsn lnovy trug`s.6 Gosns aivjdvaik mak trug`s orn vnryeaffnrnit tloi o stoieore gosn aivjdvaik o gor grosl.; Ulnrn orn djts jf rudnsoie rnkudotajis surrjuieaik gjbbnrgaod vnlagdns tlot o dowynr los tj mnfobadaor watl ai jrenr tj snrvn las jr lnr gdanit fuddy.<

Wabpdy djjàik ot tln gjbpdnxaty jf o trugàik gosn, yjur lnoe boy mnkai tjswab watl tln nijrbaty jf at odd. At boy snnb da`n o eouitaik tos` tj prnpornfjr o trugàik gosn, mut watl prjpnr prnsnrvotaji, kotlnraik oie pdoiiaik,



va

trugàik gosns ej ijt lovn tj mn os fjrbaeomdn os tlny aiataoddy oppnor.Sdoiiaik as tln `ny tj guttaik ejwi tln mnlnbjtl nordy ai tln prjgnss. [atl

o stnp-my-stnp pdoi oie jrkoiazotaji, trugàik gosns goi mn suggnssfuddyprnporne. Orn trug`s o ingnssory nvad tj tljsn tlot slorn tln rjoewoys watltlnb: Uln oiswnr tj tlas qunstaji as yns0 watljut tlnsn bjmadn kaoits wn

wjude ijt lovn tln boiy duxurans tlot orn to`ni fjr kroitne ji o eoy-tj-eoymosas. @ijwdnekn jf sofnty rnkudotajis os jutdaine praborady my tln FnenrodBjtjr Gorranr Wofnty Oebaiastrotaji (FBGWO) oie oelnrnign tj tln rudnsjf tln rjoe goi erostagoddy engrnosn sjbn jf tln eoiknrs tlot trug`s boyprnsnit.

^dtabotndy, at as tln rnspjisamadaty jf tln gjbbnrgaod bjtjr gorranr tj bo`nsurn tln vnlagdns oie eravnrs at nbpdjys bnnt odd fnenrod rnkudotajis tjsofnkuore mjtl ats nbpdjynns oie tln kninrod eravaik pumdag.1 At as odsj tlnrnspjisamadaty jf tln gjbbnrgaod eravnr tj bo`n surn ln jr sln as aigjbpdaoign watl tln rudns.?3 Ai jrenr tj loiedn gosns aivjdvaik ?<-wlnndnrsoie jtlnr lnovy trug`s, A lovn tj mn fobadaor watl odd tljsn rudns oiernkudotajis, os wndd os o djt jf uiaqun assuns omjut tnglijdjky, aisuroign,bngloiags oie jtlnr ospngts tlot wadd offngt tln gosn.?? Ulas as sjbntlaik Aob gjbbattne tj ejaik.?=

Ulus, at as abpnrotavn fjr yju odsj tj lovn ìjwdnekn jf tln Fnenrod BjtjrGorranr Wofnty ]nkudotajis, tnglijdjky, musainss progtagns, aisuroigngjvnrokns, oie tj lovn tln omadaty tj easgjvnr wrattni oie ndngtrjiagrngjres.?7 Nxpnrt tnstabjiy as jf utbjst abpjrtoign.?5 Oggaenits aivjdvaiksnba-trug`s oie possniknr vnlagdns jftni rnsudt ai snrajus aihurans oieenotl.?> Urugàik gjbpoians oie tlnar aisuroign gjbpoians odbjst odwoysquag`dy snie oggaenit aivnstakotjrs tj tln sgnin jf o trug` oggaenit tj mnkai

wjràik tj dabat tlnar daomadaty ai tlnsn satuotajis.?6 Jur dowynrs, stoff oie ai-ljusn oggaenit aivnstakotjrs abbneaotndy mnkai tln abpjrtoit tos` jfejgubnitaik oie prnsnrvaik tln nvaenign ‗ oie sj sljude yju.?;

Ai o rngnit gosn, tln wafn jf o trug` eravnr gobn tj bn oftnr o dowsuat wosfadne okoaist lnr lusmoie‑s nstotn. Ln wos o trug` eravnr wljsn vnlagdnmrj`n ejwi ai tln rjoewoy. Fnenrod dow rnquarns o trug` eravnr tj put juttlrnn woriaik traoikdns. By gdanit loe jidy put jut twj jf tln rnquarnetlrnn traoikdns. Oijtlnr trogtjr-troadnr lat lab frjb mnlaie wladn las

trogtjr-troadnr wos mdjgàik tln rjoewoy. At djj`ne moe fjr by gdanit‑s gosn. [n fadne o gjuitnrgdoab oie udtabotndy rnoglne o fovjromdn snttdnbnit jf tlngosn. Ulot gosn rnquarne datakotaji tnstaik tj prjvn tlot tln eravnr wlj lat



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by gdanit‑s vnlagdn sljude lovn snni tln stjppne vnlagdn djik mnfjrn tln wrng` jggurrne oie to`ni stnps tj ovjae tln gjddasaji.

Jin jf by farst trug`aik traods aivjdvne o trogtjr troadnr eravnr fogne watl oinbnrknigy satuotaji. O vnlagdn loe stjppne ai las doin. Uln trug` eravnr

wosi‑t fjddjwaik tjj gdjsn jr spnneaik. Uln trug` eravnr djg`ne ejwi lasmro`ns oie earngtne las vnlagdn tj tln jigjbaik doin jf troffag. Ulas ovjaenetln vnlagdn stjppne ai las jwi doin, mut gousne lab tj gjddaen watl tln

vnlagdn ai tln jppjsaik doin jf troffag. [n suggnssfuddy orkune ot traod tlottln nbnrknigy sljude lovn prjbptne tln eravnr tj stnnr las vnlagdn tj tlnraklt, jitj tln sljudenr jf tln rjoe, ai jrenr tj ovjae mjtl gjddasajis. Ulas

gosn rnquarne jur tnob tj fjgus ji tln eravnr‑s foadurn tj fjddjw tln troaiaikln loe prnvajusdy rngnavne ai ovjaeaik tlas nxogt nbnrknigy satuotaji.

[lot eravns bn ai pursuaik gosns da`n tlnsn as tj bo`n surn tlas ljrrjrejnsi‑t loppni tj oiyjin ndsn.?< [n lovn tln jppjrtuiaty tj lndp pnjpdn

wlni tlny inne at tln bjst0 oie tlot as tln sjdn rnosji A ej tlas.?1 Nvnryeoy A knt tj snn pnjpdn‑s davns gloikne fjr tln mnttnr my jur lndp.=3

Os easgussne furtlnr ai tln sumsnqunit gloptnrs, tln Fnenrod Bjtjr Gorranr

Wofnty Oebaiastrotaji (FBGWO), o eavasaji jf tln ^.W. Enportbnit jf Uroispjrtotaji, jvnrsnns tln trug`aik aieustry. Uln prabory bassaji jf tlnFBGWO as tj rneugn groslns, aihurans, oie fotodatans aivjdvaik dorkn trug`soie musns ji jur Iotaji‑s laklwoys. FBGWO los prjeugne —O BjtjrGorranr‑s Kuaen tj Abprjvaik Laklwoy Wofnty.‒ Uln kuaen easgussns vorajusgjuitnrbnosurns os nxobpdns jf enfnisavn eravaik strotnkans tj rneugnprnvnitomdn oggaenits.

Mndjw as oi nxobpdn jf o gorranr slut ejwi my tln FBGWO fjr lovaik hustomjut nvnry vajdotaji ai tln mjj`8

—Foadaik tj nisurn tlot ats eravnrs gjbpdane watl ljurs-jf-snrvagnrnkudotajis ensakine tj prnvnit fotakun, aigdueaik dabatotajis jieoady eravaik oie boxabub ji-euty ljurs. Euraik tlnaivnstakotaji, aivnstakotjrs fjuie tlot HEHE Uroispjrtotaji foadnetj boaitoai gjpans jf eravnrs‑ rngjres oie loe ij sofntyboioknbnit systnb tj glng` oie nisurn eravnr gjbpdaoign.

Foadaik tj nisurn eravnrs pjssnss o vodae gjbbnrgaod eravnr‑s dagnisn(GED) oie tlot tlny wnrn quodafane tj jpnrotn o gjbbnrgaod bjtjr

vnlagdn, usaik eravnrs tlot loe ijt mnni tnstne fjr eruk jr odgjljdusn, oie foadaik tj abpdnbnit o eruk oie odgjljd tnstaik prjkrob.



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Foadaik tj systnbotagoddy aispngt, rnpoar, oie boaitoai atsgjbbnrgaod vnlagdns. HEHE Uroispjrtotaji loe ij oiiuod

aispngtaji rngjres oie eae ijt rnquarn eravnrs tj gjieugt prn- oiepjst-trap aispngtajis fjr ats ?>- tj 73-ynor-jde vnlagdns enspatn opottnri jf rjoesaen aispngtajis faieaik snrajus boaitnioignprjmdnbs.‒=?

Uln jidain ijtafagotaji jf tlas slutejwi aigduene tln mndjw qujtotaji, wlagl as nxgnddnit ai ensgramaik tln pjait oie purpjsn jf tlas mjj`, oietrug`aik datakotaji os o wljdn8

—‑Ulnrn as ij laklnr prajraty tloi sofnty oie wn wadd ijt lnsatotn tjjrenr uisofn gjbbnrgaod eravnrs, vnlagdns, jr nitarn gjbpoians jfftln rjoe,‑ soae Uroispjrtotaji Wngrntory Oitljiy Fjxx. “Jurgjbbji snisn sofnty rnkudotajis snrvn tj prjtngt tln bjtjraikpumdag0 nvnryjin ensnrvns tj rnogl tlnar enstaiotaji sofndy.‑‒==



Gloptnr Jin8 Ljw tj Knt Wtortne




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Qju hust rngnavne o godd frjb o kranvaik gdanit, wljsn wafn oieeoukltnr wnrn hust rngnitdy àddne ai o snba-trug` oggaenit. Euraik

yjur prndabaiory aivnstakotaji, yju easgjvnr tln trug` eravnr woslarne jidy twnity-favn eoys okj. Jin jf tln eravnr‑s lnoedakltsmurine jut os ln wos troispjrtaik o toi` jf kosjdain. O baddajiqunstajis rui tlrjukl yjur baie. [lj ai tln kjvnribnitrnkudotns tlnsn tlaiks: [lot dows eae tln eravnr jr las nbpdjynrboymn vajdotn: [lni nxogtdy eae `ny nvnits oie fogtjrs jggur ‗

wos at dotn ot iaklt jr ji o fjkky bjriaik: [lnrn eae at loppni ‗ji roadrjoe trog`s jr up o bjuitoai:

]noddy, yju‑rn osàik —[lnrn ej A stort:‒

Wtort watl Mnosdny Oddni‑s Aitrjeugtaji tj Urug` Oggaenit Gdoabs8 OKuaen tj Knttaik Wtortne . Ot tln mnkaiiaik jf nogl gloptnr yju waddfaie o dast jf frnqunitdy os`ne qunstajis (FO_s) tj lndp yju aenitafy`ny pjaits jf o prjspngtavn gosn, oie boymn nvni pjait jutsjbntlaik yju loe ijt ynt tljuklt tj djj` fjr. Ot tln nie jf tlnmjj`, yju‑dd faie o sobpdaik jf rnkudotajis, glorts oie jtlnr eoto

tlot yju goi saft tlrjukl os innene. [n rnfnrnign tlas botnraodtlrjukljut tln gloptnrs sj yju invnr lovn tj fnnd djst.

Qju goi odsj vasat jur farb wnmsatn ot www.mnosdnyoddni.gjb jr bypnrsjiod wnmsatn ot www.glraskdjvnr-dow.gjb. Ulnsn satns prjvaendai`s tj vorajus jidain rnsjurgns (sugl os rnkudotajis, ntg.), sj yjugoi nosady gdag` tj wlot yju inne oie ej o —Gtrd+F‒ snorgl fjr `nyplrosns oie tnrbs watlai tln rnkudotajis.

Kjje dug`, oie hust ìjw ‗ wn orn odwoys jidy o pljin godd owoy.



Oi Aitrjeugtaji tj Urug` Oggaenit Gdoabs

=

Mranf ji tln Mosags

FO_s

?) [lot orn tln sjurgns jf rnkudotajis oie rnquarnbnits fjrtln trugàik aieustry:

=) [lot fnenrod oknigy as tln sjurgn jf rndotne rnkudotajis:7) [lot orn frnqunit vajdotajis tlot goi mn tln `ny mnlaie

yjur gousn jf ogtaji:5) [lot orn sjbn tnrbs A sljude mn fobadaor watl:>) [lot orn `ny strotnkans oie `ny pnjpdn A sljude mn

pursuaik:

[lot at‑s Omjut

Qju slorn tln rjoe eoady watl tlnsn frakltniaikdy bossavn trug`stlot troispjrt kjjes ogrjss tln gjuitry. Ljw wjude yju fnnd af tlneravnr ai gjitrjd jf tln trug` mnlaie yju wos gjbaik jff jf o

bntlobplntobain lakl oie ejzaik jff ot tln wlnnd: Jr, af tlntrug`nr possaik yju ai tln fost doin loe rngnavne budtapdn tag`nts fjrspnneaik, wos rnpnotnedy fjuie tj lovn moe mro`ns, jr loe mnniorrnstne fjr EÂ rngnitdy:

Eravaik as oi ailnrnitdy eoiknrjus ogtavaty, ai wlagl bjst pnjpdnogtavndy portagapotn eoady, watljut gjisaenraik tln oeene ras` jfarrnspjisamdn eravnrs, nspngaoddy jins ai gjitrjd jf bjistrjustrug`s. Mntwnni =331 oie =3?=, tln iubmnr jf trug`nr fotodatans

wnrn ot o 7>-ynor djw ― mut saign, tln iubmnr los mnni rasaik.=7 Uln ^.W. Gnitnrs fjr Easnosn Gjitrjd oie Srnvnitaji (GEG)rnpjrts tlot ;33 trug`nrs wnrn àddne oie =6,333 wnrn aihurne ai=3?=‑s opprjxabotndy 7?;,333 trug` oggaenits.=5 Uln pragn tok jftlnsn oggaenits fjr tln ^.W. ngjijby wos omjut $11 maddaji.=>

Urugàik mnkoi orjuie ?1?3. At los mnni oi nffaganit woy tjtroispjrt kjjes ogrjss tln gjuitry saign tln envndjpbnit jfkosjdain oie eansnd nikains. Os jf Oukust =3?3, tln vodun jf frnaklt

troispjrtne my trug`s ynordy ai tln îatne Wtotns as nstabotne tjnxgnne $6;3 maddaji ejddors.

Urugàik datakotaji as nvjdvaik orjuie us nvnry eoy. Inw tlnjransorn mnaik envndjpne oie nxpdjrne tj lndp rngjvnr bjiny fjr




7

pnjpdn tlot orn aihurne my nijrbjus trug`s ji tln rjoe oie tlnarfobadans, wlj orn odsj abpogtne my tln oggaenits. Ulnsn inw

tlnjrans bust mn oevoigne, wladn wnneaik jut tln uisuggnssfudottnbpts ai jrenr tj lndp pnjpdn wlj orn aihurne my gorndnsstrug`nrs tlot orn put ji tln rjoes my uisgrupudjus mrj`nrs oiegorranrs. Ulas mjj` as ensakine tj kavn yju o mosag uienrstoieaik jfodd tln bjvaik ports ai tln nvjdvaik rnodb jf trug`aik daomadaty oie

wlot gjurts orn soyaik omjut at.




5

[lj rnkudotns [lj, [lot, [lni, & [lnrn:

Fnenrod

Uln fnenrod kjvnribnit farst prjbjtne oie rnkudotne bjtjr gorranrsofnty ai tln ?173s, oftnr Gjikrnss grnotne tln AitnrstotnGjbbnrgn Gjbbassaji. Oftnr o fnw troisfnrs objik oknigans,aitnrstotn sofnty wos pdogne ai tln loies jf tln Fnenrod BjtjrGorranr Wofnty Oebaiastrotaji (FBGWO) ai =333 oie rnboais tlnrntjeoy.

—Ai jrenr tlot aispngtajis orn uiafjrb, oie nvnryjin aitln aieustry ìjws wlot tj nxpngt frjb tln fandeaivnstakotjrs, tln FBGWO puts fjrtl Fande Jpnrotjrs

Uroaiaik Boiuod. Oiy snrajus trugàik dowynr sljude lovno gjpy ji fadn ai las jr lnr jffagn. Fjr nxobpdn Gloptnr?.5.; enods watl eravaik jf gjbbnrgaod bjtjr vnlagdns oie?.5.1.? enods watl Ljurs jf Wnrvagn vajdotajis P. . .R.‒=6

Uln oknigy odsj pumdaslns rnkudotajis, jr tln Fnenrod Bjtjr GorranrWofnty ]nkudotajis (FBGW])8

—Uln FBGW] oppdans tj odd vnlagdns watl o Krjss Vnlagdn [naklt ]otaik (KV[]) ai nxgnss jf ?3,333 pjuies oie tj vnlagdns puddaik troadnrs watl o gjbmaine KV[] ai nxgnssjf ?3,333 pjuies. Ulnsn aigduen odd “Bneaub Euty‑ trug`soie sjbn “Daklt Euty‑ trug`s sugl os o jin tji Fjre F-

7>3 jr o KB 7>33.‒=;

Furtlnrbjrn, tj prjbjtn sofnty ji tln rjoes, tln FBGWObjiatjrs gjbbnrgaod bjtjr vnlagdn eravnrs‑ dagnisns oie tln sofntyjf tln eravnrs‑ progtagns oie jffnrs tln Bjtjr Gorranr Wofnty

Ossastoign Srjkrob (BGWOS). Ai oi nffjrt tj engrnosn tlniubmnr jf oggaenits oie rneugn tlnar snvnraty, tln BGWOSaignitavazns stotns watl fnenrod kroits tj oejpt oie nifjrgn rudns,rnkudotajis, oie stoieores gjbpotamdn watl tln FBGWO‑s.

[lj jvnrsnns trugàik enpnies ji tln typn jf trug` oie wlot tlntrug`s orn troispjrtaik. Aitnrstotn trugàik ji pumdag rjoes asjvnrsnni my tln Enportbnit jf Uroispjrtotaji (EJU), wladn bjsttrugàik ji wjr`pdogn prjpnrty as jvnrsnni my tln Jggupotajiod




>

Lnodtl oie Wofnty Oebaiastrotaji (JWLO). Vajdotajis jr datakotajiaivjdvaik JWLO wadd mn rorn. —Uln tnrb “aitnrstotn gjbbnrgn‑

watlai tln bnoiaik jf tln FBGW]s oie uienrdyaik stotutns as ijtsyijiybjus watl troispjrt ogrjss stotn dains, oie goi aigduenjpnrotajis gjieugtne wljddy watlai o saikdn stotn.‒=< Uln FBGWOprjvaens tln fjddjwaik kuaeoign rnkoreaik wlot quodafans osaitnrstotn vnrsus aitrostotn gjbbnrgn8

—Aitnrstotn gjbbnrgn as entnrbaine my tln nssnitaodglorogtnr jf tln bjvnbnit, boiafnstne my tln slappnr‑sfaxne oie pnrsastnit aitnit ot tln tabn jf slapbnit, oie asosgnrtoaine frjb odd tln fogts oie gargubstoignssurrjuieaik tln troispjrtotaji. [lni tln aitnit jf tlntroispjrtotaji mnaik pnrfjrbne as aitnrstotn ai ioturn, nvni

wlni tln rjutn as watlai tln mjuieorans jf o saikdn stotn,tln eravnr oie gjbbnrgaod bjtjr vnlagdn orn sumhngt tj tlnFnenrod Bjtjr Gorranr Wofnty ]nkudotajis.‒=1

Furtlnr, JWLO rnkudotns djoes jf krovnd, gnbnit, djkkaik,

okragudturod prjeugts, ntg., wladn tln EJU rnkudotns odd aitnrstotnoie aitrostotn lozorejus botnraods.

JWLO‑s rnkudotajis oie ogtajis orn prnnbptne my tljsn jf jtlnrfnenrod oknigans, uidnss tln satuotaji as ijt gjvnrne my tln jtlnroknigans‑ rnkudotajis.73 Uln fjddjwaik tlrnn boai praigapdns oppdy aientnrbaiaik JWLO‑s huraseagtaji oie outljraty8

?) —JWLO goiijt nifjrgn ats outljraty watl rnspngt tj

wjr`aik gjieatajis jvnr wlagl oijtlnr fnenrod oknigy losnxnrgasne ats outljraty nvni af tln jtlnr oknigy‑s stoieoresorn ijt os straiknit jr os straiknitdy nifjrgne os JWLO‑s.‒

=) —Af o fnenrod oknigy foads tj nxnrgasn ats outljraty watlrnspngt tj wjr`aik gjieatajis, JWLO los huraseagtaji tjaispngt oie tj gatn fjr vajdotajis jf stoieores.‒

7) —O inkotavn nxnrgasn jf outljraty goi just JWLO frjbhuraseagtaji. At bust mn ijtne, ljwnvnr, tlot 5(m)(?)satuotajis bust mn gjisaenrne ji o gosn-my-gosn mosas oie

enfnrnign kavni tj o sastnr oknigy‑s aitnrprntotaji jfoutljraty.‒7?

Uln FBGWO los odsj pumdaslne —O Bjtjr Gorranr‑s Kuaen tjAbprjvaik Laklwoy Wofnty,‒ ovoadomdn jidain ot




6

lttp8//www.fbgso.ejt.kjv/satns/fbgso.ejt.kjv/fadns/ejgs/NUO-Faiod->3<g-s.pef. [ladn ijt ogtuod rnkudotajis, tln kuaen as o usnfud

rnsjurgn oie ejns easguss vorajus gjuitnrbnosurns os nxobpdns jfenfnisavn eravaik strotnkans tj rneugn prnvnitomdn oggaenits.

Fnenrod rnkudotajis orn bnrndy tln baiabub. Wtotns boy oeefurtlnr rnquarnbnits, oie tln aieustry rngjkiazns tlot gjbpoiansorn jmdakotne tj lovn snt stoieores tlot —kj tln nxtro badn‒―omjvnoie mnyjie tln baiabubs snt my tln kjvnribnit.

Wtotn

Wtotn rnkudotajis kjvnri purndy aitrostotn ogtavatans. Sursuoit tj tlnomjvn gjbporasji jf aitnrstotn oie aitrostotn ogtavatans, oi nxobpdnjf hust aitrostotn ogtavaty boy mn o djgod stjrn tlot jpnrotns o trug`tj bo`n jidy aistotn endavnrans.7= [ladn stotn troffag dows jftnigjrrndotn watl fnenrod dows, oiy eaffnrnigns goi mn prnnbptne myfnenrod rnkudotajis.77 Furtlnrbjrn, fnenrod rnkudotajis waddsjbntabns prnnbpt nvni o stotn‑s gjbbji dow.

Uln rndotajislap jf tln stotn oie fnenrod kjvnribnits ai rnkudotaiktrug`s as mnst subborazne my tln fjddjwaik8

—Nvnry gjbbnrgaod bjtjr vnlagdn bust mn jpnrotne aioggjreoign watl tln dows, jreaioigns, oie rnkudotajis jftln huraseagtaji ai wlagl at as mnaik jpnrotne. Ljwnvnr, af ornkudotaji jf tln Fnenrod Bjtjr Gorranr Wofnty

Oebaiastrotaji abpjsns o laklnr stoieore jf gorn tloi tlot

dow, jreaioign jr rnkudotaji, tln Fnenrod Bjtjr GorranrWofnty Oebaiastrotaji rnkudotaji bust mn gjbpdane

watl.‒75

Aieustry Wtoieores

Uln trug`aik aieustry los envndjpne ats jwi stoieores fjr trug`nrs,gorranrs, oie jtlnr `ny ogtjrs. Ulnsn stoieores orn kninroddy laklnrtloi tln baiabubs snt my tln kjvnribnit, oie gorranrs‑ pjdagans

oie eravnrs‑ progtagns sljude rnfdngt oi ottatuen jf —kjaik tlot nxtrobadn.‒ [ladn at as gloddnikaik tj entnrbain tlnsn stoieores af jin asjutsaen tlas aieustry, nxpnrts oie tln botnraods prjvaene my gnrtoaijrkoiazotajis goi lndp. H.H. @nddnr & Ossjgaotns as jin suglnxobpdn. Ulnar wnmsatn los gjuitdnss frnn, jidain oggnssamdn




;

rnsjurgns fjr trug`nrs, gorranrs, oie progtatajinrs sugl os yju.Mndjw orn jtlnr aieustry jrkoiazotajis8

Jtlnr trugàik gjbpoians

Obnragoi Urugàik Ossjgaotajis

Obnragoi Ossjgaotaji jf Bjtjr Vnlagdn Oebaiastrotjrs

Gjbbnrgaod Vnlagdn Uroaiaik Ossjgaotaji

Iotajiod Ossjgaotaji jf Sumdagdy Fuiene Urug` EravaikWgljjds

Urug`djoe Gorranrs Ossjgaotaji

[jbni ai Urugàik 7> Wtotns‑ Gjbbnrgaod Eravnrs Dagnisn (GED) boiuods.

Aieustry stoieores pusl rjkun trugàik gjbpoians tj aigrnosn tlnardnvnd jf sofnty. Ulnsn stoieores odbjst odwoys rnquarn tln usn jf oquodafane trugàik nxpnrt tj knt aitj nvaenign oie snrvn os tln—rnosjiomdn gjrn‒ stoieore ai o gjbbji dow inkdaknign gdoab.




<

Dnoriaik tln Daikj

Ai jrenr tj lovn oiy uienrstoieaik jf tln envndjpaik tlnjrans aitrugàik datakotaji, yju inne o mosag uienrstoieaik jf gjbbjitnrbs usne ai tln trugàik aieustry.

MOWAGs8 GWO bjiatjrs snvni sofnty abprjvnbnit gotnkjrans,goddne MOWAGs ‗ Mnlovajr Oiodysas Wofnty AbprjvnbnitGotnkjrans. Gorranrs orn ossakine o sgjrn mosne ji tln gratnrao.Wgjrns roikn frjb znrj tj ?33. Xnrj as tln mnst pjssamdn wladn ?33as tln wjrst. Uln gratnrao tlot as usne tj ossaki sgjrns aigduensîsofn Eravaik, Ljurs jf Wnrvagn Gjbpdaoign, Eravnr Fatinss,Gjitrjddne Wumstoigns/Odgjljd, Vnlagdn Boaitnioign, LozorejusBotnraods Gjbpdaoign, oie Grosl Aieagotjr.76 Ulnrn as bjrnaifjrbotaji omjut MOWAGs ai Gloptnr Uwj, uienr tln sngtajiomjut Gorranrs.

Mrj`nr8 O fnenroddy rnkudotne frnaklt —mrj`nr‒ as enfaine os —o

pnrsji, jtlnr tloi o bjtjr gorranr jr oi nbpdjynn jr oknit jf objtjr gorranr, tlot os o praigapod jr oknit, sndds, jffnrs fjr sodn,inkjtaotns fjr, jr ljdes atsndf jut my sjdagatotaji, oevnrtasnbnit, jrjtlnrwasn os snddaik, prjvaeaik, jr ossakiaik fjr, troispjrtotaji mybjtjr gorranr fjr gjbpnisotaji.7; Jr8 o pnrsji wlj, fjrgjbpnisotaji, orroikns, jr jffnrs tj orroikn, tln troispjrtotaji jfprjpnrty my oi outljrazne bjtjr gorranr.‒7< Mrj`nrs orn odsj goddne—frnaklt mrj`nrs‒ jr —tlare porty djkastags‒ gjbpoians (7SD).

GWO 8 Gjbpdaoign, Wofnty, Oggjuitomadaty as o Fnenrod Bjtjr GorranrWofnty Oebaiastrotaji aiataotavn tj abprjvn dorkn trug` oie mussofnty oie udtabotndy rneugn groslns, aihurans oie fotodatans tlot ornrndotne tj gjbbnrgaod bjtjr vnlagdns. At mnkoi ai Engnbmnr =3?3tj nstomdasl o inw iotajiwaen systnb fjr boàik tln rjoes sofnr fjrbjtjr gorranrs oie tln pumdag oda`n.71

FBGWO 8 Uln Fnenrod Bjtjr Gorranr Wofnty Oebaiastrotaji wosnstomdaslne watlai tln Enportbnit jf Uroispjrtotaji ji Hoiuory ?,

=333. Uln FBGWO‑s prabory bassaji as tj prnvnit gjbbnrgaodbjtjr vnlagdn-rndotne fotodatans oie aihurans.53

Bjtjr Gorranr8 O pnrsji prjvaeaik bjtjr vnlagdn troispjrtotajifjr gjbpnisotaji.5?




1

WofnWtot8 Oi juteotne systnb tlot wos usne tj bnosurn o gorranr‑s

sofnty pnrfjrboign. Ulas as ij djiknr usne saign tln grnotaji jfGWO.5=

WBW8 Uln Wofnty Bnosurnbnit Wystnb nvoduotns rjoesaenpnrfjrboign eoto. Ulas eoto as usne tj godgudotn tln MOWAGs sgjrnsoie grosl aivjdvnbnit.57

^WEJU/EJU8 Uln ^iatne Wtotns Enportbnit jf Uroispjrtotaji.




?3

@ny —[ljs‒ jf ]nks & ]nqs

[lj orn `ny ogtjrs ai tln trugàik aieustry: Uln dast aigduensbjtjr gorranrs, mrj`nrs, kjvnribnit oknigans, trug`nrs, bngloiags,boiufogturnrs, trug`/troadnr jwinrs, ntg. Ai Gloptnr Uwj, wnnxobain eravnrs, gorranrs, oie mrj`nrs ― wlj tlny orn oie wlotrnspjisamadatans tlny lovn. Ai Gloptnr Ulrnn, wn to`n o fnw jf tljsngratagod oie bjst jftni slar`ne rnspjisamadatans my eravnrs, gorranrs,oie boiufogturnrs oie oiodyzn tlnb ai entoad tj ossast yju os oprogtatajinr ai usaik tljsn entoads tj groft yjur gdoabs jf ogtaji.

@ny —[lots‒

[lot orn tln tjp tni `ny gousns jf ogtaji ai trugàik datakotaji: Lnrn wnkavn yju o sljrt dast jf tln tjp tni gousns jf ogtaji ai trugàikdatakotaji. (Wumsnqunit gloptnrs prjvaen oeeatajiod entoad.)

?. Fotakun ‗ [ladn tln fnenrod kjvnribnit los nstomdaslnestragt Ljurs-jf-Wnrvagn (LJW) rnkudotajis, eravnrs jftni

easrnkore tlnsn jr nvni fodsafy tlnar rngjres. Eravnrs ornjftni kninroddy uineugotne omjut tln eoiknrs jf fotakun.Gorranrs orn rnspjisamdn fjr nisuraik eravnrs orn oworn jftln eoiknrs oie fjr rnvanwaik eravnr djks oie wotglaikeravnr mnlovajr oie pnrfjrboign.

=. Boaitnioign prjmdnbs ‗ Mjtl gorranrs oie eravnrs slorntln rnspjisamadaty jf nisuraik tln trug`s orn gornfuddyboaitoaine.

7. Eastrogtajis ‗ Eravnrs bust ovjae eastrogtajis. Ulas astljrjukldy easgussne ai tln Gjbbnrgaod Eravnr‑s Dagnisn(GED) boiuod, wlagl eravnrs lovn tj stuey tj rngnavn tlnardagnisns. Unxtaik as o krjwaik, gjbbji eastrogtaji, mutoiytlaik (aigdueaik sbjàik, notaik, ntg.) goi mn oeastrogtaji. Eravnrs orn rnspjisamdn fjr ovjaeaik tlnsn. AiInw Qjr`, jin trug` eravnr wos gouklt ji gobnro todàikji twj eaffnrnit pljins (prnsubomdy lovaik twj eaffnrnit

gjivnrsotajis).55

—Eravnrs tlot eae usn tlnar gndd pljins wladneravaik eae ijt djj` ot tln rjoewoy oi ovnrokn jf5.6 sngjies wladn tln envagns wnrn ai usn. Af tln




??

eravnr wos trovndaik ot >> bpl, tlas wjude nquotntj eravaik “mdaie‑ tln opprjxabotn dniktl jf oi

nitarn fjjtmodd fande, aigdueaik tln nie zjins.‒5>

5. Uroffag fdjw aitnrruptaji ‗ Ulas as rndotne tj eastrogtajis. O eastrogtne jr fotakune eravnr goi foad tj ijtagn o stodd aitroffag olnoe, mut o rnspjisamdn eravnr wadd boaitoai prjpnrottnitaji ot odd tabns.

>. Srnsgraptaji eruk usn ‗ (snn mndjw)

6.

Jvnr-tln-gjuitnr eruk usn ‗ At as ijt hust addnkod erukstlot goi gousn o eravnr‑s ejwifodd. Eravnrs goiijt usn oiyeruks watljut o plysagaoi‑s ossuroign tlot tlnar usn wadd ijtoevnrsndy offngt tlnar eravaik omadatans. (Ulnrn as bjrn ai-enptl aifjrbotaji rnkoreaik sumstoign omusn ai Gloptnr

Ulrnn.)

;. Erui` eravaik ‗ Uln fnenrod rnkudotajis stragtdy prnsgramn

eravnrs‑ usn jf odgjljd oie gorranrs‑ rnspjisamadatans aitnstaik eravnrs.

<.

Urovndaik tjj fost fjr gjieatajis ‗ O ruslne eravnrbaklt mn eravaik watlai tln dnkod spnne dabat mut boy mn—spnneaik‒ kavni tln gurrnit rjoe jr wnotlnr gjieatajis.]oai jr fjk jr gjistrugtaji zjins goi rnquarn sdjwnrspnnes tloi tln dabat prnsgramns. [n ensgramn aieustry oieGED boiuod nxpngtotajis ai Gloptnr Uwj.

1. ^ifobadaoraty watl rjoewoy ‗ O rnspjisamdn eravnr innestj ej odd ln goi tj fobadaorazn labsndf watl las rjutn. Af lnlos invnr jr rorndy eravni tln rjutn, ln innes tj rnboaiportagudordy odnrt oie goutajus ― nspngaoddy wlni to`aikgurvns, ntg. Ai jin oggaenit, tln pjdagn soae tln eravnr‑suifobadaoraty watl tln rjoe boy lovn gousne lab tj kj jfftln rjoe ji o gurvn, lat o rjoe saki, siop o trnn, oie rjddjidy o fnw fnnt owoy frjb o rnsaenign.56

?3. Oworninss ‗ O rnspjisamdn eravnr fjddjws tln aistrugtajisai tln GED boiuod rnkoreaik oworninss jf lnrsurrjuieaiks. [n nxpdoai tlnsn gjignpts ai Gloptnr Uwj‑ssngtaji rnkoreaik eravnrs.




?=

Dnft Uuris oie ^-UurisSotanign oie goutaji orn gratagod wlni o trug`nr los tj turi dnft

ogrjss aigjbaik troffag, sj aigjbaik troffag ejns ijt lovn tj stjpsueenidy os tln trug` sdjwdy gjbpdntns tln boinuvnr.5; ]uslneeravnrs orn ìjwi tj bo`n sugl turis wladn ìjwaik tlnrn as ijtnijukl tabn fjr tlnb tj ej sj uidnss tln aigjbaik troffag sdjwsejwi tj prnvnit o gjddasaji.5< Uln fogt tlot tln eravnr as nxngutaik oboinuvnr aieagotns o dog` jf fotakun, tljukl at boy aieagotn oeravnr‑s eastrogtaji jr aiottnitavninss.51 Qjur opprjogl sljude mntj fjgus ji tln eravnr‑s easrnkore jf sofn boinuvnrs os ensgramne aientoad ai tln GED boiuod (easgussne furtlnr ai Gloptnr Uwjrnkoreaik tln eravnr). Qju goi odsj fjgus ji tln gorranr‑s inkdaknitlaraik jr rntnitaji ‗ af yju goi prjvn tln gorranr ìnw tlas eravnrloe prnvajusdy ogtne ai tln sobn jr o sabadordy eoiknrjus boiinr(snn Gloptnr Ulrnn rnkoreaik tlas tlnjry jf daomadaty). ^-turis ornnxtrnbndy eoiknrjus fjr dorkn trug`s. Bjst sofnty-gjisgajustrugàik gjbpoians stragtdy prjlamat tlnb fjr tlnar eravnrs. Boiybo`n o ^-turi jggurrnign oi outjbotag faraik jffnisn.

îenrraen O gor eravnr boy ijt mn omdn tj stjp ai tabn af o trug` mdjg`s tlnrjoe, sugl os wladn boàik o turi. Ai sugl o satuotaji, tln gor waddgjitaiun tj bjvn fjrwore uienr tln troadnr, jftni rnsudtaik aiengopatotaji oie enotl jf tln gor eravnr. Af yju lovn sugl o gosn, o`ny tj waiiaik as tj prjvn watl pljtjs oie oi aispngtaji tln trug`

wos ijt prjpnrdy vasamdn ‗ sugl os mngousn jf earty jr eoboknernfdngtjrs, rntrjrnfdngtavn topaik, ntg.

Wtjppne Urug`s Af ln bust stjp las trug` ai jr ji tln saen jf tln rjoe, o trugèravnr as rnquarne my fnenrod rnkudotajis tj wori jigjbaik troffagmy pdogaik bor`nrs ot spngafane aitnrvods mnlaie tln trug` watlaispngafane tabns. (Wnn Gloptnr Uwj ji eravnrs fjr entoads rnkoreaiktln pdognbnit jf nbnrknigy bor`nrs.) Uj prjvn tln eravnr woatnetjj djik tj pdogn tln bor`nrs, yju sljude tj nxobain 1?? goddrnpjrts, gndd pljin rngjres, ntg. (Eravnrs wadd jf gjursn gdoab tlnoggaenit loppnine mnfjrn tlnrn wos tabn tj snt jut tln bor`nrs).

]nor-Nie Gjddasajis [lni o trug` eravnr rnor-nies oijtlnr vnlagdn (tln bjst gjbbjitypn jf trug` gjddasaji), yju inne tj gjisaenr wlntlnr tln trug`nr




?7

fndd osdnnp jr wos fotakune (snn Gloptnr Ulrnn rnkoreaik fotakun)0

wlntlnr tln gorkj wos tjj lnovy jr ijt lnovy nijukl0 wlntlnr tln

mro`ns wnrn bodfuigtajiaik (snn Gloptnr Ulrnn rnkoreaikboaitnioign)0 oie wlntlnr tln eravnr wos spnneaik. Uj ej sj, yju

wadd da`ndy inne tln eravnr‑s djks, wnaklt tag`nts, lastjry jf gatotajis,boaitnioign oie aispngtaji rngjres, oie oi oggaenitrngjistrugtajiast.

O trug` eravnr oie las gorranr goi odsj mn daomdn af tlny rnor-nie tlntrogtjr troadnr. Ulnsn gosns goi mn eaffagudt, mut orn foardy gjbbji.

Urug` eravnrs por`ne ji tln saen jf tln rjoe jr rn-nitnraik troffaggrnotn o lozore. Wdjw bjvaik jr mogàik vnlagdns odsj orn vnryeoiknrjus, nspngaoddy ot iaklt, tj troffag opprjoglaik tln trug` frjbtln rnor. Ulnsn gosn boiy tabns aivjdvn assuns jf gjispaguaty oieos wndd os tln qunstaji jf wlntlnr yjur gdanit rnspjieneopprjpraotndy. Ulas qunstaji usuoddy innes tj mn oeernssne myluboi fogtjrs oi nxpnrt fobadaor watl luboi rnogtaji oiernspjisns tj uifobadaor jggurrnigns.

Mogàik Oggaenits Mogàik as portagudordy eoiknrjus fjr trogtjr troadnr trug`s. O trugèravnr ejnsi‑t lovn tln omadaty tj snn mnlaie lab tln woy opossniknr gor goi. Ulot bo`ns at odd tln bjrn ingnssory tj to`noeeatajiod prngoutajis. Boiy trugàik gjbpoians oevjgotn trugèravnrs fjddjw tln stnps jutdaine ai tln K.J.O.D. ogrjiyb.K.J.O.D. stoies fjr Knt Jut Oie Djj`. Ulas as jmvajusdy ejin tjossurn ijtlaik as mnlaie tln trug` prajr tj bjvnbnit.

Abprjpnr Boinuvnrs Af tln eravnr ai yjur gosn swnrvne, gloikne doins rng`dnssdy, ntg.,yju wadd woit tj djj` ot o eravnr‑s lastjry (las post troffag gatotajis,pnrfjrboign lastjry, ntg.) ai gjisaenrotaji jf pursuaik o tlnjry jfinkdaknit rntnitaji oie laraik (snn Gloptnr Ulrnn rnkoreaikgorranrs). Jf gjursn, fotakun oie ljurs jf snrvagn vajdotajis boy mnoi assun os wndd (okoai, snn Gloptnr Ulrnn rnkoreaik fotakun). Okoai,yju sljude larn o rngjistrugtajiast wlj goi prjvn tln gousn jf tlnoggaenit my prnsnrvaik oie aitnrprntaik tln nvaenign.

Wlaftaik Gorkj jr îsngurne GorkjAf tln gorkj wos ijt prjpnrdy djoene, tln trug` boy hog`ìafn jrjvnrturi frjb o slaft ai tln gorkj. Boiy tabns tln trug` eravnr waddmdobn tlot bjvnbnit jf tln djoe gousne tln vnlagdn tj djsn gjitrjd




?5

dnoeaik tj tln oggaenit. Uln gorranr oie slappnr sljude mn yjurtorknts ai o gosn da`n tlas, oie ‗ os odwoys ‗ pljtjkropls oie jtlnr

fjrbs jf nvaenign prnsnrvotaji orn gratagod.

[lot wnrn tln eravnr oie gorranr ejaik (jr ijt ejaik):

Mndjw wn lovn o dast jf wlot tln eravnr oie gorranr boy lovn mnniejaik (jr ijt ejaik) tlot orn vajdotajis oie gjbbji gousns jfogtaji. ([n furtlnr oiodyzn boiy jf tlnsn ai tln sumsnqunitgloptnrs.)

E]AVN]W8

Eastrogtajisj Unxtaikj

Notaikj

Sljin goddsj Wbjàikj îoutljrazne possniknrs

Aispngtaji Foadurnsj

Foadurn tj Aispngt ot oddj

Foadurn tj Aispngt prjpnrdy

Fotakunj

Vajdotajis jf LJW rnksj îeaokijsne sdnnp opinoj Fodsafane rngjresj

Ngjijbag prnssurns

Wumstoign Omusnj Odgjljdj Jvnr-tln-gjuitnr eruksj Addnkod eruks

Okkrnssavn eravaik

Easrnkore jf rjoe gjieatajis

Uroffag vajdotajisj Wpnneaikj ]uiiaik rne daklts

Jmnsaty Gorkj

j Srjpnr Wngurnbnitj

Wlaftaik frjb Gorndnss Eravaikj Jvnrsazne djoe




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GO]]AN]W8

Laraik oie rntnitajij

Mog`krjuie glng`sj

Srjpnrdy quodafane jr nxpnranigne

Uroaiaik

Boaitnioign jf Vnlagdnsj

_uodafane aispngtjrsj Boiufogturnrs‑ prnsgramne sglneudns fjr portsj

Uarns, wlnnds, mro`ns, rnorkuores, waieslande wapnrs, ntg.

j Urug` vasamadaty

Wumstoign omusn tnsts

Gjbpdaoign watl LJW rnks

Jin Dost @ny

Ulas dast wos bnoit tj lndp yju aenitafy gjbbji `nys tlot wadd—turi ji‒ yjur gdoab oie knt at kjaik ejwi tln rjoe. Mut `nnp ai

baie tlnrn orn boiy jtlnr rnkudotajis oie gjisaenrotajis ―aigdueaik jins yju boy faie rnoeaik tln sumsnqunit gloptnrs ―tlot gjude mjdstnr yjur gdoab.




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Srnp fjr yjur Gosn

FO_s

?) [lot sljude mn by farst stnps:=) [lot orn `ny tlaiks tj djj` fjr ai easgjvnry:7) Wljude A larn nxpnrts: Af sj, wlot àie:5) As datakotaji tnstaik wjrtl at:>) Gjude A orkun tlnrn wos bjrn tloi jin oggaenit:6) [lot orn gjbbji tlnjrans jf daomadaty ai trugàik gosns:

Srn-Wuat Aivnstakotaji

]nbnbmnr, nvni af yju knt tln gosn nordy ji, yjur aivnstakotaji asodrnoey mnlaie. My tln tabn yju bnnt yjur gdanit, snvnrodaivnstakotajis lovn odrnoey mnni pnrfjrbne (downifjrgnbnit/EJU, trugàik gjbpoiy, oie aisuroign gjbpoiy).Wj, oftnr tln aiataod gdanit aitnrvanw, snie prnsnrvotaji dnttnrs tjnvnry pjtnitaod enfnieoit oie ijiporty ai pjssnssaji jf nvaenign,

aifjrbaik lab/lnr jf las/lnr dnkod euty tj prnsnrvn nvaenign ai opjtnitaod gavad traod.

Fjr nxobpdn, snie o dnttnr tj tln trugàik gjbpoiy rnqunstaikprnsnrvotaji jf eravnr djks, jimjore gjbputnr eoto (a.n., ndngtrjiaggjitrjd bjeudn —NGB‒ eoto), oie easpotgl rngjres. Jtlnrwasn,EJU rnkudotajis rnquarn tlot tlnsn rngjres jidy mn `npt fjr saxbjitls. Srnsnrvotaji dnttnrs ijt jidy `nnp enfnieoits frjbeasgoreaik nvaenign ai tln ijrbod gjursn jf musainss, mut odsjprjvn ijtagn af spjdaotaji mngjbns oi assun ot o dotnr eotn. Furtlnr,tj prnvnit spjdaotaji oie aioevnrtnit djss jf nvaenign, yju sljudedjgotn, aispngt, oie sngurn tln oggaenit vnlagdns os nordy os pjssamdnai yjur aivnstakotaji.

Kj tj tln sgnin jf tln oggaenit watl oi aivnstakotjr jr oggaenitrngjistrugtajiast oie to`n yjur jwi pljtjkropls oie vaenj jf tlnsgnin. Ulni, aenitafy oie gjitogt odd pjtnitaod watinssns. Knttaik

nynwatinss aifjrbotaji omjut spnne, eastoign, oie eravnr mnlovajras grugaod tj yjur gosn. Waign bnbjrans tnie tj foen watl tabn, tlnsjjinr yju orn omdn tj gjitogt oie aitnrvanw watinssns, tln bjrnentoads yju wadd mn omdn tj jmtoai.




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Oftnr aenitafyaik tln trug` eravnr, jmtoai o gjbpdntn eravaik lastjryfrjb nogl stotn ai wlagl ln wos assune o Gjbbnrgaod Eravnr‑sDagnisn (GED). Odsj rnqunst o gjpy jf tln îafjrb Uroffag

Oggaenit ]npjrt. Af tlnrn wos o bjtjr gorranr aispngtaji pnrfjrbneji tln eotn jf tln wrng`, jmtoai tlot rnpjrt os wndd my gjitogtaiktln Bjtjr Gorranr Wofnty Eavasaji jf tln Enportbnit jf SumdagWofnty. Furtlnr, af fotodatans jggurrne, o Uroffag Ljbagaen ]npjrtfrjb tln Enportbnit jf Sumdag Wofnty sljude odsj mn rnqunstne. Atas odsj abpnrotavn tlot yju gjitogt tln opprjpraotn stotn oknigansoie rnqunst gjpans jf oiy jtlnr fadaiks jr gnrtafagotns gjignriaiktln trugàik gjbpoiy.

Easgjvnry

Qjur easgjvnry sljude fjgus ji nstomdaslaik daomadaty wladn staddgjisaenraik fogtjrs tlot sumstoitaotn o gdoab fjr puiatavn eobokns.Euraik easgjvnry, mndjw orn sjbn jf tln tlaiks yju wadd woit tjrnqunst8

Eravnr‑s quodafagotaji fadn oie eravnr djks

Eoady aispngtaji rnpjrts Oiiuod aispngtaji rnpjrt Aispngtaji, boaitnioign, oie rnpoar rngjres

JNB eoto oie/jr praitjut Oiy eruk oie/jr odgjljd tnsts to`ni oftnr tln oggaenit Oggaenit rnkastnr Oiy madds jf doeaik [naklt tag`nts

Ljtnd rngnapts fjr tln wnn` prngneaik tln oggaenit Oiy pjdagy oie prjgneurn boiuods jr troaiaik ejgubnits Bneagod rngjres jf tln enfnieoit eravnr

Bneagod rngjres jf yjur gdanit Uln bjtjr gorranr prjfadn frjb tln EJU Uln EJU sofnty oueat oie rotaik jf tln trugàik gjbpoiy Odd ndngtrjiagoddy rngjrene eoto rndotaik tj tln trug`, trap,

oie oggaenit ai qunstaji

Odsj, rnqunst tln fjddjwaik8

Oiy wrataik tlot rndotns tj eravaik sofnty systnb ai pdogn ottabn jf oggaenit




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Oiy envagn jr systnb usne tj rngjre tln spnne jf tln trug`mnfjrn oie euraik tln gjddasaji (n.k., o KSW trogàiksystnb)

Oiy wrataik ai pdogn ot tabn jf gjddasaji rndotaik tj sofnjpnrotaji (eravaik, djoeaik, ntg.)

Oiy gjitrogts jr okrnnbnits mntwnni tln trug` eravnr oiejwinr jf trogtjr mnaik eravni

Oiy gjitrogt jr okrnnbnit mntwnni tln trug` eravnr oietln pnjpdn fjr wljb ln jr sln wos eravaik >3

Qju sljude odwoys usn o rudns opprjogl mngousn at as tln mnst woytj sljw tln hury tlot tln trug`nr jr trugàik gjbpoiy eae wrjik aitln gosn. Lovn o dast jf rudns prnporne mnfjrn sattaik ejwi tj to`ntln enpjsataji oie mn surn tlot tln dast as tljrjukl oie nffaganit.^dtabotndy, tln nxastnign oie vajdotaji jf tlnsn rudns wadd fjrb tlndaomadaty mog`mjin jf yjur gdanit‑s gosn. Oftnr jmtoaiaik tlnrnspjisns tj odd wrattni easgjvnry, enpjsn tln fjddjwaik8

Urug` eravnr Urugàik gjbpoiy gjrpjrotavn rnprnsnitotavn

Wofnty earngtjr Uroainr jr aistrugtjr Doy watinssns

Mn surn tj qunstaji tln sofnty earngtjr tljrjukldy rnkoreaik laraikgratnrao, sofnty pjdagans, sofnty rngjres oie prjgneurns os wndd osbntljes jf eravnr bjiatjraik. Uln FBGWO boaitoais gjbpoiysofnty prjfadns ji gorranrs, ovoadomdn otlttp8//www.fbgso.ejt.kjv/ .

Nordy ai tln datakotaji, entnrbain tln nxastnign oie objuit jfaisuroign gjvnrokn ovoadomdn ai yjur gosn. Mnyjie tln jmvajuseasgjvnry rnqunsts, to`n o djj` ot www.sofnrsys.jrk tj entnrbaintln objuit jf gjvnrokn tln trugàik gjbpoiy los jmtoaine.]nbnbmnr tlot FBGW]

Sort 7<; snts jut tln baiabub dnvnds jffaioigaod rnspjisamadaty fjr trugàik gjbpoians. Odsj, at as abpjrtoittj ijtn tlot jin jf tln uiaqun gjisaenrotajis jf aisuroign gjvnroknaivjdvaik gjbbnrgaod gorranrs as tln BGW-13 niejrsnbnit. Ulas as ofnenroddy boieotne niejrsnbnit fjr odd gjbbnrgaod gorranrs ainxgnss jf ?3,333 dms., niogtne tj prnvnit portans aivjdvne ai tlnslappaik jf frnaklt frjb eniyaik rnspjisamadaty oie pjaitaik tlnfaiknr ot nogl jtlnr oie ai nffngt prnvnitaik oie/jr endoyaikrngjvnry tj oi aihurne porty.




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Nxpnrts

Gornfuddy gjisaenr tln fogts aivjdvne ai yjur gosn oie sndngtopprjpraotn nxpnrts. Fjr nxobpdn, af yjur gosn aivjdvns o snrajusoie pnrboinit aihury, tln usn jf oi ngjijbast tj prjvn djss jffuturn noriaik oie tln usn jf o dafn gorn pdoiinr tj prjvn futurnbneagod gjsts goi krnotdy abpogt yjur gosn vodun.

At as o kjje aeno tj larn oi oggaenit rngjistrugtajiast nordy ai tlngosn, sj ln goi mn aivjdvne ai tln aispngtaji jf tln oggaenit sgnin

oie vnlagdns wladn tln nvaenign as frnsl. Ulas nxpnrt as aivoduomdn aiyjur entnrbaiotaji jf daomadaty oie odsj ai entnrbaiaik oiyokkrovotaik gargubstoigns sugl os spnne jr foadurn tj to`ngjrrngtavn ogtaji.

Oi nxpnrt ìjwdneknomdn ai tln FBGW] as odsj oi abpjrtoit ossnt.Wugl nxpnrts goi krnotdy ossast yju my entnrbaiaik af o sofnty jrdjkmjj` vajdotaji nxasts os wndd os prjvaeaik tnstabjiy rnkoreaikabprjpnr vnlagdn boaitnioign, aispngtaji, oie nquapbnit. Odsj, oinxpnrt goi ossast yju ai prnporaik fjr tln trugàik gjbpoiy‑senpjsatajis ai yjur gosn.

Datakotaji Unstaik

A spnie o krnot enod jf by progtagn loiedaik prjeugt daomadaty gdoabsokoaist outjbjmadn boiufogturnrs (snn jur Gloptnr Ulrnn sngtaji

envjtne tj prjeugt daomadaty gdoabs). A lovn dnorine tlot datakotajitnstaik as o ingnssory fogt jf dafn fjr tln prjeugt dowynr. O tljrjukluienrstoieaik jf ljw tnstaik goi mn jffnrne ot traod as gratagod aitlnsn gosns.

Uln gor gjbpoians gnrtafy tlnar vnlagdns tj Fnenrod Bjtjr VnlagdnWofnty Wtoieores tlrjukl grosl tnstaik oie lnovady rndy ji tlottnstaik ai datakotaji tj enfnie tln prjeugt. Ulnsn wndd-fuieneenfnisns rjutaindy rui datakotaji tnstaik tj gjuitnr pdoaitaff‑s

nxpnrt‑s pjsatajis oie wn ej tln sobn tj ottog` tln enfnisnpjsatajis. Bjrnjvnr, nvni wlni ottogàik tln grneamadaty jf tlnjtlnr saen asi‑t tln purpjsn jf tln tnstaik, Eoumnrt gjignris omjuttln oebassamadaty jf nxpnrt jpaiajis boiy tabns rnquarn tln nxpnrts




=3

ji mjtl saens jf tln gosn tj suppjrt tlnar pjsatajis ot traod tlrjukldatakotaji tnstaik.

O fnw ynors okj, A fjuie bysndf loiedaik oi aigrnosaik iubmnr jfgjbbnrgaod vnlagdn gosns, nspngaoddy tljsn aivjdvaik trogtjr troadnrtrugàik wrng`s. [atljut foad, ot sjbn pjait ai tln gosn, tlnenfnieoit trogtjr troadnr eravnr gjbns up watl sjbn raeagudjusnxgusn os tj wly tln oggaenit jggurrne. Wjbntabns tln pjsatajisroasn tlnar ukdy lnoes euraik aitnrrjkotjry rnspjisns, mut bjstdy,tln trug` eravnr jffnrs tlnb fjr tln farst tabn ot enpjsataji. Aodwoys wjienr af tlnsn orn pdoiine jut jr jff-tln-guff nxgusns fjr oljrramdn trokney.

Uln farst tabn A fogne tlas wos ai o gosn wlnrn tln enfnieoit eravnrboen o dnft loie turi frjb tln gnitnr doin jf trovnd oie lat bygdanit wlj wos odsj tj las dnft. Ln gdoabne by gdanit wos spnneaikai tln doin tj las dnft oie tlot tln doin wjude lovn mnni gdnor mutfjr by oddnknedy spnneaik gdanit. Uln djkagod qunstaji A os`ne otenpjsataji wos, —[ly wnrn yju turiaik frjb tln gnitnr doin:‒ Ulneravnr‑s rnspjisn wos uinxpngtne.

Ulas enfnieoit trug` eravnr nxpdoaine tlot at wos abpjssamdn tjbo`n tln turi ai las trug` frjb tln dnft doin. Ln furtlnr wnit ji tjdngturn bn tlot ijt jidy eae ln odwoys bo`n tln turi frjb tlngnitnr doin, mut tlot nvnry trug` eravnr wlj tjj` tlot rjutn eae tlnsobn tlaik. Uj faioddy eravn tln ioad ai by gjffai, Br. Eravnr tlnitndds bn tlot tln pjdagn ai tlas sbodd tjwi oddjw tlnsn turis frjbtln gnitnr doin tj ossast tln eravnrs ai tlas abpjssamdn tos` jfboàik tln dnft turi.

A dnft tln enpjsataji rnodazaik tlot A loe o snrajus assun tlot innenetj mn oeernssne. Nvni tljukl tlas gosn wos pnieaik ai Odomobo,

wlnrn sugl turis orn stotutjrady prjlamatne, tln eravnr‑s turi wosijt inkdaknign pnr sn . Nvni wjrsn, A gjude snn o gjisnrvotavn hurymuyaik tlas orkubnit. By aistaigts àg`ne ai, oie A abbneaotndymnkoi envasaik woys tj easprjvn tlas pjsataji. Wurndy at wosi‑tabpjssamdn, A tljuklt.

A larne o gjbbnrgaod bjtjr vnlagdn nxpnrt wlj loe o gjbbnrgaoddagnisn oie gjude jpnrotn o trogtjr troadnr. [n rnitne oi nxogt trug`,oie my nxogt, A bnoi tln sobn ynor, bo`n, oie bjend os tln jinaivjdvne ai tln gosn. A tlni tjj` o vaenj gobnro oie snt jut tj fadbby nxpnrt bo`n tln turi tln enfnieoit eravnr loe soae wos




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abpjssamdn. [n easgjvnrne tln —abpjssamdn turi‒ enfnisn wos ogjbpdntn fomragotaji. [n boen tln turi budtapdn tabns watl ijprjmdnb. Uln eravnr rnoddy eae bn o fovjr my tlrjwaik ai tlot odd

tln jtlnr eravnrs boen tlot dnft turi tln sobn woy ln eae. [ladn wn wnrn vaenjaik jur nxpnrt, wn wnrn fjrtuiotn nijukl tj vaenjsnvnrod jtlnr eravnrs bo`n tln sobn turi frjb tln dnft doin watl ijprjmdnb. Nvni tljukl tln jtlnr eravnrs wnrn eravaik eaffnrnittrug`s oie gorryaik eaffnrnit djoes, at wos rndnvoit tj gjuitnr tlnenfnisn‑s ossnrtaji tlot nvnryjin eae tln sobn tlaik.

Srjeugaik tlas vaenj topn ot by nxpnrt‑s enpjsataji wos tln nie jftln gosn. Uln enfnieoit eravnr djst odd grneamadaty, oie saign A loe

odsj kjttni tln trug`aik gjbpoiy‑s sofnty earngtjr tj okrnn watl tlnabpjssamdn dnft turi enfnisn, tln enfnisn wos dnft watl znrj grneamdn

watinssns oie ij sjdae tlnjry tj rnmut jur oddnkotajis. Ulndatakotaji tnstaik A gjieugtne ai tlot gosn easprjvne tln enfnieoiteravnr‑s raeagudjus nxgusn oie rnsudtne fovjromdy fjr by gdanit.

Uln suggnss A loe watl datakotaji tnstaik ai tlot gosn dne bn tj usndatakotaji tnstaik ai odbjst odd jf tln trug`aik gosns A lovn loiednesaign tlot tabn. Uln `ny tj datakotaji tnstaik as faieaik tln assun. Arngnitdy lnore tlot nvnry gosn as omjut sjbntlaik. Jur hjm osdowynrs as tj faie jut wlot tlot sjbntlaik as oie tlni to`n ljde jftlot assun fjr jur gdanits. A lovn dnorine tlot datakotaji tnstaik ai otrogtjr troadnr gosn goi ej hust tlot uienr tln raklt gjieatajis.

At as jftni eaffagudt tj lovn datakotaji tnstaik oebattne aitj nvaenign. Uj gjbpdy watl tln nvaenitaory luredns, o prjeugt dowynr bust farstengaen wlot tln datakotaji tnstaik as tryaik tj oggjbpdasl. Ulni, tln

dowynr bust envasn o pdoi fjr tln datakotaji tnstaik tlot oitagapotnsoiy prjmdnbs watl oebassamadaty. Ai by gosn omjvn, at wosi‑tnijukl tj lovn o trug` bo`n tln turi. A innene tln sobn trug`,

watl tln sobn djoe, trovndaik ot tln sobn spnne, oie uienr tlnsobn eravaik gjieatajis. Jmtoaiaik tlot aifjrbotaji to`ns pdoiiaiktlrjukl easgjvnry.

O prjeugt dowynr goi jffnr datakotaji tnsts fjr budtapdn purpjsns. Odowynr goi usn datakotaji tnstaik tj rngrnotn tln nvnit jr tj addustrotn

plysagod praigapdns ai pdoy. Uln nvaenitaory stoieores orn eaffnrnit. Ulas as oi jvnrsabpdafagotaji, mut o rngrnotaji usuoddy as ottnbptaiktj sljw tln fudd nvnit jf wlot loppnine. Oi addustrotaji as o sboddpangn jf tln puzzdn.




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]ngrnotaji Unstaik Uln nvaenitaory mureni as roasne af tln purpjsn jf tln tnst as tjrngrnotn tln oggaenit jr sjbn ospngt jf tln oggaenit. Uln bjst

abpjrtoit luredn wlni ejaik tlas typn jf datakotaji tnstaik asboàik surn wlot yju orn sljwaik ai yjur tnst as sumstoitaoddysabador tj tln ogtuod nvnits. At as wndd nstomdaslne tlot —PoR tnst as ijtoebassamdn uidnss tln tnst gjieatajis orn sj inordy tln sobn aisumstoitaod portagudors (os tljsn aivjdvne ai tln npasjen ai datakotaji)os tj offjre o foar gjbporasji ai rnspngt tj tln portagudor assun tj

wlagl tln tnst as earngtne.‒>?

Boàik surn tlot wlot yjur tnst enpagts as sumstoitaoddy sabador tj

tln ogtuod nvnit as jf gratagod abpjrtoign. Ulot as ijt tj soy tlot tlntnstaik bust mn nxogtdy sabador0 sumstoitaod sabadoraty my enfaiataji asijt nxogtdy tln sobn. Uln hury bust mn omdn tj gjbporn wlot assljwi ai tln tnst oie tlni bo`n o foar huekbnit os tj tln ogtuodaigaenit.

[n rngnitdy loiedne o gosn wlnrn jur gdanit wos o trug` eravnr wljstortne jut os o enfnieoit. Oijtlnr trug`nr loe lat lab frjbmnlaie wladn jur gdanit‑s trogtjr troadnr wos stjppne ai tln rjoewoy.

Uln abpogt àddne jur gdanit sj wn wnrn invnr omdn tj os` lab wlotloe loppnine. Jur gdanit loe put jut twj jf tln rnquarne woriaiktraoikdns prajr tj las enotl. [n aiataoddy mndanvne jur gdanit‑s vnlagdn

wos easomdne saign las vnlagdn wos stjppne ai tln baeedn jf tlnrjoewoy, mut bngloiagod aispngtajis foadne tj rnvnod oiytlaik

wrjik watl tln trogtjr troadnr. Ulas gosn pjsne o snrajus prjmdnb.Jur gdanit wos ai vajdotaji jf tln dow ai snvnrod ospngts, aigdueaikmdjgàik tln rjoewoy oie foadaik tj opprjpraotndy wori jigjbaik

troffag.

[n engaene tj gjieugt datakotaji tnstaik tj sljw tlot tln trogtjrtroadnr tlot lat jur gdanit frjb mnlaie sljude lovn mnni omdn tj snnlas easomdne vnlagdn oie ovjae tln grosl. Uln gjddasaji jggurrne jitln aitnrstotn sj knttaik oggnss tj tln aitnrstotn wos o prjmdnb. Ulas

wos ingnssory tj sotasfy tln sumstoitaod sabadoraty ejgtrain.Fjrtuiotndy, tln stotn laklwoy potrjd okrnne tj slut ejwi tlnrjoewoy sj tlot wn gjude gjieugt jur datakotaji tnstaik.

[n tlni rnitne twj nxogt trogtjr troadnrs oie larne twj trugèravnrs. [n pdogne jur gdanit‑s trogtjr troadnr ai tln rjoewoy watltwj nbnrknigy traoikdns. [n tlni tjj` tln sngjie trogtjr troadnroie boen tln opprjogl. [n boen surn tln dakltaik gjieatajis wnrn




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tln sobn watl rnkore tj ìjwi surrjuieaik troffag os wndd osioturod dakltaik frjb tln bjji oie stors. [n opprjoglne tlnpor`ne trogtjr troadnr ot tln sobn spnne tlot wos sljwi ji tln

ndngtrjiag gjitrjd bjeudn. Jur tnstaik rnvnodne tlot oi odnrt trugèravnr wjude lovn snni oie ovjaene tln stjppne trogtjr troadnr aitln rjoewoy. Ulot tnstaik turine tln jutgjbn jf tlot gosn.

îenrdyaik Sraigapdns jf oi Nxpnrt‑s JpaiajiAt asi‑t odwoys ingnssory tj sljw sumstoitaod sabadoraty. Datakotajitnstaik as jftni usne tj suppjrt jr easgrneat oi nxpnrt‑s jpaiaji.^suoddy, tlas loppnis wlni nxpnrts easokrnn ji oi assun. Fjrnxobpdn, jin nxpnrt baklt soy tln mro`ns rnogt ai o gnrtoai woy oie

tln jtlnr nxpnrt easokrnns. Jin nxpnrt baklt soy tln eravnr loetabn tj ovjae tln grosl oie tln jtlnr easokrnns. Unstaik tj prjvn jreasprjvn praigapdns uienrdyaik oi nxpnrt‑s jpaiaji inne ijt bnnttln sumstoitaod sabadoraty tnst.>= Ljwnvnr, wlni tlas typn jf tnstaikas oebattne aitj nvaenign, at sljude —mn boen gdnor tj tln hury tlotnvni tljukl tlnrn as ijt sabadoraty tj tln nvnits jf tln oggaenit tlottln aifjrbotaji as rngnavne ji o tlnjrntagod mosas fjr tln dabatnepurpjsn fjr wlagl at as jffnrne.‒>7 Loiàis v. Fjre Bjtjr Gj., 57;F.=e =;6 (7re Gar. ?1;3)0 Baddnr's Iotajiod Aisuroign Gj. v. [aglato

Fdjur Badds Gj., =>; F.=e 17 (?3tl Gar. ?1><). Nvni tljukladdustrotavn tnstaik as ijt lnde tj tln sumstoitaod sabadoraty stoieore,at as sgrutaiazne mnyjie o bnrn rndnvoign stoieore eun tj tln lakldypnrsuosavn ioturn jf fadbs.>5

[n lovn rui tnsts tj sljw tln tabn, eastoign, oie spogn innene tjgloikn doins ai o portagudor trug`. [n eaei‑t fnnd wn innene tj ej atji tln sobn rjoe, mut o sabador rjoe suffagne. [n eae usn tln sobn

vnlagdn. [n lovn rui tnsts tj entnrbain tln stjppaik eastoign jf oportagudor vnlagdn. Ai tljsn gosns, tln vnlagdn oie rjoewoy sljudemn sabador. At prjmomdy asi‑t os abpjrtoit tlot tln dakltaik jr troffaggjieatajis mn tln sobn.

A jign loe oi nxpnrt wlj jpaine tlot o trug` gjude gjbn tj stjpai o gnrtoai ‗ mut rndotavndy sljrt ‗ eastoign. Uln enfnisn nxpnrteasputne jur jpaiajis ji tln eastoign at rnquarne fjr tlas trug` tjstjp oie wn roi o rnmuttod tnst tj gjuitnr las jpaiajis. Ai tlot gosn,

tlnrn wnrn sjbn sabadoratans wn innene tj tln ogtuod aigaenit mutjtlnrs wnrn dnss abpjrtoit. At wos abpjrtoit tlot tln trug` wos tlnsobn oie tlot tln djoe wos tln sobn. Uln typn oie kroen jf tlnrjoewoy innene tj mn tln sobn. Ulaiks da`n dakltaik oie troffag




=5

gjieatajis wnrn ijt os abpjrtoit sabpdy tj entnrbain wlot gnrtoaitypns jf mro`n bor`s djj`ne da`n ji tln rjoe.

A‑vn fjuie tlot grneamadaty as gratagod ai nvnry traod. Uln rjdn jf tlnabportaod hury as tj dastni tj mjtl saens, oppdy tln dow, oie entnrbain

wlagl saen sljude wai. A‑vn snni tnstaik ai gjbbnrgaod vnlagdngosns prjvn tln jtlnr saen wrjik oie, sjbntabns, rnvnod tln jtlnrsaen‑s uitrutlfudinss. [lni tnstaik as ejin gjrrngtdy, at goi bo`n jrmrno` yjur gosn my muadeaik tln grneamadaty jf jin watinss oietnoraik oport tln grneamadaty jf tln jtlnr watinss.

Budtapdn Jggurrnigns

Uln mndjw ortagdn, gj-outljrne watl bn my ]oieodd W. Loyins, oppdans tjoutjbjmadn oie trug` oggaenits oda`n.

At as pjssamdn…tln dow as tlnrn. [lni budtapdn djssns ottramutomdn tjtln sobn gjvnrne gousn jggur, o prjmdnb nxasts ai entnrbaiaik tlnsgjpn jf o daomadaty pjdagy‑s gjvnrokn. Ai sugl o satuotaji, at assjbntabns eaffagudt tj entnrbain wlntlnr tlnrn los mnni jinjggurrnign jr budtapdn jggurrnigns. Uln eaffnrnign goi bnoi o fuddrngjvnry fjr yjur gdanit jr o spdat jf pjdagy dabats mntwnni budtapdnportans.

Daomadaty aisuroign prjvaens gjvnrokn fjr dnkod daomadaty abpjsneupji tln aisurne os o rnsudt jf uiaitnitajiod oie uinxpngtnepnrsjiod aihury jr prjpnrty eobokn. îtad ?166, gjvnrokn wos`nyne tj tln wjre —oggaenit,‒ wlagl wos enfaine os —o sueeni oieuifjrnsnnomdn nvnit.‒ Gjurts lovn odwoys strukkdne watl tln tnrb

oggaenit, oie lovn enfaine oggaenit ai eaffnrnit woys. Ljwnvnr,tlnrn as o gjbbji tlnbn ai tlnsn enfaiatajis, wlagl as tlot oioggaenit as oi uifjrnsnni, uinxpngtne, oie uiaitniene nvnit tlotrnsudts frjb sjbn gousn, natlnr ìjwi jr uiìjwi, wlntlnr atorasns ai prjpnrty, pnrsjiod, jr daomadaty aisuroign.

Ai ?166, tln stoieore daomadaty pjdagy wos rnvasne tj `ny tlngjvnrokn tj tln wjre —jggurrnign.‒ Os jf ?1;7, tln stoieore GKDpjdagy enfaine —jggurrnign‒ os —oi oggaenit, aigdueaik gjitaiujus

jr rnpnotne nxpjsurn tj gjieatajis, wlagl rnsudts ai mjeady aihuryjr prjpnrty eobokn inatlnr nxpngtne ijr aitniene frjb tlnstoiepjait jf tln aisurne.‒ îenr tln pdoai doikuokn jf tln gdousn,o rnpnotne nxpjsurn tj gjieatajis wos ji oggaenit, bnoiaik tlottln pjdagy dabats oppdy jign, rnkorednss jf tln iubmnr jf djssns.




=>

—Gousn Oiodysas‒ EjgtrainWuppjsn o eravnr djsns gjitrjd jf oi outjbjmadn, stra`ns jin gor,

mjuigns jff tlas gor, oie stra`ns oijtlnr gor. Ijw suppjsn o eravnrdjsns gjitrjd jf oi outjbjmadn, stra`ns jin gor, mjuigns jff tlasgor, mut tlni natlnr rnkoais gjitrjd jr loe oi jppjrtuiaty tj rnkoaigjitrjd prajr tj stra`aik oijtlnr gor, odmnat jidy fnnt jr sngjiesowoy. Lovn tlnrn mnni jin jr budtapdn jggurrnigns: Uln eaffnrnignenpnies ji tln fogts jf nogl gosn, mut uienr tln sngjie sgnioraj ogjurt gjude da`ndy faie twj jggurrnigns.

Uln bohjraty jf stotns lovn oejptne —gousn oiodysas‒ rudn ai

entnrbaiaik tln iubmnr jf jggurrnigns. Uln —gousn oiodysas‒ rudnenpnies upji tln iubmnr jf —prjxabotn gousns‒ fjr tln oggaenit.^ienr tlas rudn, tlnrn as jidy jin gousn af tlnrn —wos mut jinprjxabotn, uiaitnrruptne, oie gjitaiuaik gousn wlagl rnsudtne aiodd jf tln aihurans oie eobokn.‒>> Da`nwasn, tln —gousn oiodysas‒ rudn

wadd pnrbat o faieaik tlot budtapdn gjddasajis gjistatutn budtapdn—jggurrnigns‒ af budtapdn —prjxabotn gousns‒ dnoe tj tln djss.>6 Af otabn aitnrvod snporotns twj nvnits, o gjurt baklt gjigduen budtapdngousns nxastne, bnoiaik tlot budtapdn jggurrnigns rnsudtne. Jtlnrfogtjrs orn abpjrtoit os wndd ai bjtjr vnlagdn oggaenits.

Ulas —gousn oiodysas‒ wos oejptne ai oi nordy [oslaiktji stotngosn oeernssaik tln oppdagotaji jf o daomadaty aisuroign gdousndabataik daomadaty tj —jin jggurrnign.‒>; Ai Urug` Ais. Nxgloikn v.]jlen , tln [oslaiktji Wuprnbn Gjurt os`ne af —PtRlnrn wos mutjin prjxabotn, uiaitnrruptne, oie gjitaiuaik gousn wlagl rnsudtneai odd jf tln aihurans oie eobokns.‒ Waign tln ]jlen engasaji, tln

bohjraty jf gjurts ogrjss tln iotaji lovn oejptne tln —gousn‒tlnjry jf oiodysas.>< Jin stotn gjurt nxpdoaine furtlnr tlot af tlngousn as aitnrruptne jr rnpdogne watl oijtlnr gousn, tln gloai jfgousotaji as mrj`ni oie bjrn oie jin oggaenit jr jggurrnign losto`ni pdogn.>1

Uabn, Eastoign oie GjitrjdJtlnr huraseagtajis lovn nxobaine tlas assun usaik tln —gousn‒oiodysas. O Fdjraeo gosn, Damnrty Butuod Ais. Gj. v. ]owds , oppdyaik tln

—gousn oiodysas‒ prjvaens spngafag oppdagotaji jf tlas ejgtrainprjvaens spngafag oppdagotaji jf tlas ejgtrain tj oi outjbjmadngjddasaji.63 Ai ]owds , tln gjurt wos os`ne tj entnrbain wlntlnrtlnrn wnrn jin jr twj jggurrnigns orasaik jut jf abpogts jggurraik—= tj > sngjies oport oie 73 tj 733 fnnt oport.‒6? Uln gjurt ijtne,




=6

—PtRlnrn as ij nvaenign tlot tln Mnss outjbjmadn wnit jut jfgjitrjd oftnr straàik tln rnor nie jf oppnddnns‑ outjbjmadn.‒6= Ulngjurt lnde tlot tlnsn wnrn twj jggurrnigns prjvaeaik fudd pjdagy

dabats gjvnrokn fjr nogl jin.67 Uln tlrnn entnrbaiotavn fogtjrs ai]owds , tabn, eastoign oie gjitrjd, orn odd fogtjrs ai entnrbaiaik afyjur budtapdn gjddasaji oggaenit bnrats pjdagy dabats frjb budtapdnjggurrnigns.

Ai o Endoworn gosn, Niias v. ]nne , o inkdaknit eravnr strug` tln farstgor frjb tln rnor, oie tlni strug` tln sngjie gor.65 Ulnrn wos o ?>-tj =3-fjjtt eastoign mntwnni abpogts, oie snvnrod sngjies possnemntwnni tln abpogts. Frjb tln nvaenign prnsnitne, tln gjurt

gjigduene tln inkdaknit eravnr stjppne oftnr ln lat tln farst gor oietlni ottnbptne tj eravn owoy frjb tln sgnin oie ai ejaik sj,strug` tln sngjie gor. Uln gjurt oppdane tln —gousn‒ oiodysas oielnde twj jggurrnigns tjj` pdogn.

Oijtlnr gosn oeernssaik tlas tjpag uienr tln gousn oiodysas as Addaijas Iot. Ais. Gj. v. Wzgznp`jwagz.6> Ai tlot gosn, tln inkdaknit eravnrstjppne las trogtjr troadnr watl las rnor pjrtaji nffngtavndy mdjgàikmjtl ijrtlmjuie doins jf troffag.66 Uln farst gor lat tln trogtjrtroadnr.6; Uln trogtjr troadnr tlni bjvne fjrwore opprjxabotndy ?=fnnt —odbjst abbneaotndy‒ oftnr tln gjddasaji dnovaik las vnlagdn aijin doin watljut djsaik gjitrjd jf tln vnlagdn.6< Uln gjurt lndetlnrn wos ij saikdn fjrgn, jr oi uimrj`ni jr uiaitnrruptnegjitaiuoign, nxastne, jign snt ai bjtaji, tlot gousne budtapdnaihurans.61

Jin gjurt oiodyzaik tlnsn gosns oie jtlnrs stotne8

Uln gjbbji ndnbnit jf tljsn gosns faieaik tlot jin oggaenit jrjggurrnign tjj` pdogn as tlot tln tabn spoi wos twj sngjies jr dnss.

Oeeatajioddy, ai bjst jf tln gosns, tln fogt tln inkdaknit eravnr invnrrnkoaine gjitrjd jvnr tln gor wos oi aistrubnitod fogtjr.;3

Uln ottjriny snnàik o faieaik jf budtapdn jggurrnigns bust mnkaimuadeaik tln gosn frjb tln aiataod gdanit aitnrvanw. Fogt watinssenpjsatajis sljude mn fjgusne ji tln tabn, eastoign, oie gjitrjd

fogtjrs. Vnlagdn mdog` mjxns goi mn ejwidjoene ai jrenr tjentnrbain tln tjtod tabn jf tln gjddasaji snqunign. Bjrnabpjrtoitdy, tln mdog` mjx ai boiy vnlagdns goi grnotn o tabndainsljwaik wlot ogtajis jr jbassajis tln enfnieoit eravnr wos toàikeuraik nogl plosn jf tln gjddasaji. Fjr aistoign, mroàik, gdutglaik,




=;

oie oggndnrotaik odd orn ogtajis tlot orn rngjrene my boiy mdog`mjxns oie goi mn `ny nvaenign ai entnrbaiaik wlntlnr tln eravaikrnboaine ai gjitrjd jf tln vnlagdn.

At as pjssamdn tj aitnrprnt o daomadaty pjdagy tj prjvaen budtapdnjggurrnigns ai oi outjbjmadn gosn. Uln fogts jf nogl gjddasajisnqunign gjitrjd. [os tlnrn oenquotn spogn mntwnni nogl vnlagdntj ovjae tln inxt vnlagdn: Eae tln enfnieoit lovn tabn tj ovjae tlninxt gjddasaji: Eae tln enfnieoit rnkoai gjitrjd jr lovn tlnjppjrtuiaty tj rnkoai gjitrjd prajr tj tln sngjie gjddasaji:

Ulnjrans jf Daomadaty

Entnrbaiaik foudt ai o trug`aik oggaenit wlni tln trug` eravnr ruiso rne daklt jr rnor-nies o vnlagdn dnkoddy stjppne as ijt odd tloteaffagudt. Ulnrn orn gnrtoaidy eaffagudt assuns ai tljsn gosns, da`n wlytln eravnr wos ijt jpnrotaik tln vnlagdn rnspjisamdy os wndd os wlytln trug`aik gjbpoiy wos jvnrsnnaik o trogtjr troadnr ji tln rjoetlot jpnrotne eoiknrjusdy. Enspatn tln nxpnrtasn at to`ns tj eak aitjtln gousns jf tljsn prjmdnbs, at goi mn ot tabns foardy jmvajus wlj

wos ot foudt ai groslns. Ai tljsn gosns, jmtoaiaik boxabub vodunfjr by gdanits rnquarns eakkaik aitj tln ennpnr assuns oie ijtstjppaik watl tln jmvajus.

Ulnrn orn gosns, ljwnvnr, wlni tln uienrdyaik gousn jf tlnoggaenit as o gloddnikn tj prjvn. Uljsn gosns rnquarn o krnot enod jf

wjr` tj prjvn ijt jidy tln nvnits dnoeaik up tj tln wrng` ai tln wnn`s oie bjitls prajr, mut ji tln eoy jf tln wrng` atsndf. O krnotiubmnr jf by gosns gjbn tj bn oftnr jtlnr dowynrs lovn engdaine

tj rnprnsnit tln gdanit.

Uj lndp yju ovjae engdaiaik pjtnitaod gdanits, A oevasn yju tjtljrjukldy rnsnorgl tln fogts jf yjur gosn tj nisurn tlot yjuaigduen odd oppdagomdn tlnjrans jf daomadaty ai yjur gjbpdoait. Wjbngjbbjidy usne tlnjrans ai trug` gosns aigduen8

Inkdaknign pnr sn (oppdagomdn tj odd pjtnitaod enfnieoits) Gjbbji dow inkdaknign oie woitjiinss (oppdagomdn tj odd

pjtnitaod enfnieoits) Inkdaknit/woitji nitrustbnit, laraik, rntnitaji, troaiaik,

oie supnrvasaji (oppdagomdn tj tln gorranr oie/jr mrj`nr) Inkdaknit boaitnioign jf tln vnlagdn oie nquapbnit

(oppdagomdn tj mjtl tln eravnr oie gorranr)




=<

Srjeugt daomadaty (oppdagomdn tj tln boiufogturnrs)

Mndjw, wn prjvaen o mranf jvnrvanw jf o gjupdn kninrod gjignpts jf

dow tlot gjude mn tlnjrans jf daomadaty fjr budtapdn enfnieoits, suglos tln jins easgussne ai Gloptnr Uwj. Os bnitajine mnfjrn, aiGloptnr Uwj wn to`n o quag` djj` ot tln tlnjrans uiaqun tjgorranrs, eravnrs, ntg. Ulni ai Gloptnr Ulrnn, wn bjrn tljrjukldyoiodyzn o fnw tlnjrans uiaqundy oppdagomdn tj tln trugàik aieustry.Fjr nxobpdn, os easgussne ai Gloptnr Ulrnn, prjeugt daomadaty gosnsorn jftni jvnrdjj`ne nspngaoddy ai o saikdn vnlagdn oggaenitaivjdvaik o dorkn trug`. Ljwnvnr, tlnjrans jf enfngtavn rjjfs,snotmndts, gom kuores oie tln da`n oppdy nquoddy tj ?<-wlnndnr trug`s

os tlny ej tj o gor.

Gjbbji Dow Inkdaknign, [oitjiinss,oie Inkdaknign Snr Wn

—Ai =3?=, 7,<3= dorkn trug`s wnrn aivjdvne ai fotod groslns, ;;,333 wnrn aivjdvne ai aihury groslns, oie =>7,333 wnrn aivjdvne ai

prjpnrty-eobokn-jidy groslns.‒;?

Ulas bnois tlot dorkn trug`sgjitramutne tj bjrn tloi tni pnrgnit jf odd fotod groslns ai tln^.W. ai =3?= (tlnrn wos o tjtod jf 73,<33 fotod groslns ai =3?=).;=

Innednss tj soy, gorranrs bust gjbpdy watl rnkudotajis os wndd osaieustry stoieores. Wabadordy, eravnrs bust usn o rnosjiomdn trugèravnr‑s stoieore jf gorn wladn ji jur rjoes. Urug` eravnrs bustfjddjw tln —]udns jf tln ]joe‒ wladn eravaik o gjbbnrgaod vnlagdn.Af o eravnr ejns ijt oie las ogtajis orn tln gousn jf oi oggaenit tlot

rnsudts ai oijtlnr‑s aihury, tlni tln eravnr as kuadty jf inkdaknign ― wlntlnr jr ijt ln vajdotne oiy spngafag rnkudotajis jr aieustrystoieores. Ulnrn orn boiy sjurgns fjr tlnsn rudns, wlagl orn nosytj faie af yju wjr` ai tln aieustry, mut lorenr tj faie af yju orn jitln jutsaen oie uifobadaor watl tln trugàik aieustry.

Ji tln jtlnr loie, boiy rnkudotajis oie aieustry stoieores ej aifogt gjeafy jr spngafy wlot as oie sljude mn gjisaenrnenxpngtotajis jf jreaiory gorn (frjb mjtl eravnrs oie gorranrs), sugl

os jmnyaik troffag dows, gjbpdyaik watl boaitnioign jr laraikrnkudotajis, jr eravaik sofndy oie watljut okkrnssaji. Wjbn sjurgnsfjr tlnsn rudns aigduen tln FBGW], yjur stotn‑s Gjen oie GEDBoiuod oie o fnenrod kjvnribnit pumdagotaji nitatdne, —OggaenitSrnvnitaji Boiuod‒ (ijtn tlas dast aigduens mjtl aieustry stoieores




=1

oie fjrbod rnkudotajis). Uln boiuod gjvnrs tln mosag typns jf wrng`s oie tln fnenrod bjtjr gorranr sofnty rnkudotajis(FBGW]) tlot wnrn vajdotne ai gousaik tln wrng`. O tljrjukl

rnvanw jf tlnsn rudns jf tln rjoe wadd lndp aenitafy tln pjtnitaodgdoabs ai o trugàik gosn.

Odd trugàik gosns stort watl o vajdotaji jf tln rudns jf tln rjoe, wlntlnr gjeafane my tln kjvnribnit jr stoieoreazne my tlnaieustry. Ulnsn vajdotajis troisdotn aitj gjbbji dow inkdaknign jrpjssamdy o woitjiinss gdoab. Mut at goi odsj troisdotn aitj oinkdaknign pnr sn gdoab.

Fjr nxobpdn, yju wadd odbjst odwoys faie oftnr oi oggaenit tlottlnrn los mnni o vajdotaji jf tln rnkudotajis (sugl os rnkoreaikljurs jf snrvagn, boaitnioign, troaiaik, eravnr quodafagotajis, ntg.).;7

Odbjst tni jut jf tni eravnrs aivjdvne ai wrng`s lovn vajdotnernkudotajis.;5 [ladn yju sljude odwoys snn af o eravnr jr gjbpoiy‑s

vajdotajis bnnt tln ndnbnits jf gjbbji dow inkdaknign, yjusljude odsj djj` tj snn af tlnar vajdotajis wjude quodafy osinkdaknign pnr sn , jr —os o bottnr jf dow,‒ uienr tln FBGW]. Mndjworn tln ndnbnits jf inkdaknign pnr sn pnr tln FBGW].

Ulrnn Ndnbnits jf Inkdaknign Snr Wn uienr tln FBGW]8(?) —Uln rnkudotaji prjsgramns spngafag gjieugt.‒(=) —Uln aihurne porty mndjiks tj tln gdoss jf pnrsjis tln

rnkudotaji wos ensakine tj prjtngt.‒(7) —Uln aihurans suffnrne orn jf tln àie tln rnkudotaji wos

niogtne tj prnvnit.‒;>



Gloptnr Uwj8 [lj tj Wun




77

Uln Gorranr

FO_s

?) Goi hust oiyjin stort o trugàik gjbpoiy/gorranr watljutpnrbassaji frjb tln kjvnribnit:

=) Orn gorranrs lnde oggjuitomdn fjr tlnar sofnty progtagns (jrdog` tlnrnjf):

7) Ej gorranrs lovn tj rntoai tlnar ejgubnits fjr spngafanepnrajes jf tabn:

5) Ej tln rnkudotajis stapudotn ljw gorranrs bust troai tlnar

eravnrs ai trug` jpnrotajis:>) Af o bngloiagod foadurn gousne tln oggaenit, goi tln gorranr

mn sune:

[lj as tln Gorranr:

O gorranr as tln gjbpoiy mnlaie tln trug`s oie tlnar jpnrotjrs. Ulnfnenrod rnks enfain o bjtjr gorranr os tln fjddjwaik8

—O fjr-larn bjtjr gorranr jr o pravotn bjtjr gorranr. Ulntnrb aigduens o bjtjr gorranr‑s oknits, jffagnrs oiernprnsnitotavns os wndd os nbpdjynns rnspjisamdn fjr laraik,supnrvasaik, troaiaik, ossakiaik, jr easpotglaik jf eravnrsoie nbpdjynns gjignrine watl tln aistoddotaji, aispngtaji,oie boaitnioign jf bjtjr vnlagdn nquapbnit oie/jroggnssjrans.‒;6

Hust os o eravnr los tj bnnt gnrtoai fnenroddy rnquarne quodafagotajis,o gorranr bust bnnt spngafag quodafagotajis os wndd. Uln gjbpoiybust okrnn tj oelnrn tj tln FBGW] mnfjrn at goi put o saikdn trug`ji tln rjoe. Uln abpjrtoign jf tlnsn sofnty dows as sj gratagod tlottln eravnr, tln djwnst dnvnd nbpdjynn, bust odsj mngjbn sakiotjrytj tln gjitrogt mntwnni tln kjvnribnit oie tln trugàik gjbpoiy.

Uln trugàik gjbpoiy bust nisurn tln eravnr as fobadaor watl tlnFBGW] mnfjrn ln to`ns las farst trug` ji tln rjoe. Foadurn my natlnr

tln eravnr jr tln gjbpoiy tj oelnrn tj tln sofnty gjitrogt ― tlnFBGW] ― nvnituoddy rnsudts ai innednss enotl ji jur rjoes.;;

—Nvni tljukl tln FBGWO as glorkne watl rnkudotaikopprjxabotndy ;=>,333 aitnrstotn oie fjrnaki-mosne trug`




75

gjbpoians, at as nstabotne tlot tln FBGWO as omdn tj jidy oueat dnsstloi twj pnrgnit, jr dnss tloi ?=,333, jf tln tjtod gorranrpjpudotaji oiiuoddy. Ulas bnois tljusoies jf uisofn vnlagdns oie

eravnrs boy fodd tlrjukl tln grog`s.‒;< Uln Obnragoi Ossjgaotajifjr Hustagn rngnitdy rndnosne tln faieaiks jf o stuey jf sofntypnrfjrboign tlot rnvnods bjrn tloi =<,333 bjtjr gorranrgjbpoians lovn vajdotne fnenrod sofnty rnkudotajis, puttaik ^.W.bjtjrasts ji tln rjoes watl trug`s tlot lovn sugl vajdotajis osenfngtavn mro`ns, mode tarns, djoes tlot eoiknrjusdy nxgnne wnakltdabats oie eravnrs watl dattdn jr ij troaiaik, jr eruk oie odgjljdenpnienigans.;1

[lj tln gorranr as goi mn aieagotne my ijt jidy tln mosag stort-upgjbpoiy aifjrbotaji ji kjvnribnit-rnquarne fjrbs, mut odsj tln—glorogtnr‒ jf tln gjbpoiy (os enbjistrotne my ats sofnty rotaiks).

Wtortaik ^p Uj knt stortne, jidy aitnrstotn bjtjr gorranrs orn rnquarne tj rnkastnr watl tln ^WEJU oie tj gjbpdy watl tln fjddjwaik8

—]nkudotajis jf tln Wngrntory jf Uroispjrtotaji oie tlnWurfogn Uroispjrtotaji Mjore,

Oiy sofnty rnkudotajis, eutans jf gorranrs oie nbpdjynns,oie sofnty fatinss rnquarnbnits abpjsne my tln Wngrntory,oie

Uln baiabub faioigaod rnspjisamadaty rnquarnbnits.‒<3

Ji tln jtlnr loie, purndy aitrostotn gorranrs (tlot stoy watlai stotnsmjrenrs) lovn tj gjbpdy watl stotn rnkudotajis, wlagl orn jftni

vnry sabador tj fnenrod rnkudotajis.<? (Aitrostotn gorranrs lovn tjrnkastnr fjr o ^WEJU iubmnr tjj, af tlny loud quoitatans jflozorejus botnraods rnquaraik o pnrbat.<= ) (Sdnosn ijtn8 fjr jurpurpjsns, uidnss stotne jtlnrwasn, wn wadd mn easgussaik aitnrstotn gorranrs.)

O gorranr los tj rnkastnr watl tln FBGWO (wlagl bust kroitjpnrotaik outljraty tj tln gorranr, os easgussne mndjw) oie rngnavn o^WEJU iubmnr tlot bust mn easpdoyne prjpnrdy ji nogl GBV(odjik watl tln gorranr‑s iobn).<7 Uln ^WEJU iubmnr aenitafans

wlj tln jwinr jf tln vnlagdn as oie ossasts watl bjiatjraik tlngorranr‑s sofnty eoto frjb grosl aivnstakotajis, aispngtajis, oueats,oie gjbpdaoign rnvanws (G]s).<5




7>

O gorranr as rnquarne tj jmtoai o ^WEJU iubmnr af at los nvni jin vnlagdn watl tln fjddjwaik spngafagotajis8

—Los o krjss vnlagdn wnaklt rotaik jr krjssgjbmaiotaji wnaklt rotaik, jr krjss vnlagdn wnaklt jrkrjss gjbmaiotaji wnaklt, jf 5,>76 `k (?3,33?pjuies) jr bjrn, wlaglnvnr as krnotnr0 jr

As ensakine jr usne tj troispjrt bjrn tloi nakltpossniknrs (aigdueaik tln eravnr) fjr gjbpnisotaji0 jr

As ensakine jr usne tj troispjrt bjrn tloi faftnnipossniknrs, aigdueaik tln eravnr, oie as ijt usne tjtroispjrt possniknrs fjr gjbpnisotaji0 jr

As usne ai troispjrtaik botnraod fjuie my tln Wngrntoryjf Uroispjrtotaji tj mn lozorejus oie troispjrtne aio quoitaty rnquaraik pdogoreaik.

OIE Paf tln gorranrR as aivjdvne ai Aitnrstotngjbbnrgn8

Uroen, troffag, jr troispjrtotaji ai tln îatne Wtotns0

Mntwnni o pdogn ai o Wtotn oie o pdogn jutsaen jf suglWtotn (aigdueaik o pdogn jutsaen jf tln îatne Wtotns)0

Mntwnni twj pdogns ai o Wtotn tlrjukl oijtlnr Wtotn jro pdogn jutsaen jf tln îatne Wtotns0 jr

Mntwnni twj pdogns ai o Wtotn os port jf troen, troffag,jr troispjrtotaji jrakaiotaik jr tnrbaiotaik jutsaentln Wtotn jr tln îatne Wtotns.‒<>

O iubmnr jf stotns ‗ aigdueaik tln fjddjwaik ‗ odsj lovn

rnkudotajis, rnquaraik GBV —rnkastroits tj jmtoai o ^WEJUiubmnr‒8

Odomobo

Odosò

Orazjio

Gjdjroej

Gjiingtagut

Fdjraeo

Knjrkao

Aieaoio

Ajwo

@oisos

@nitug`y




76

Boain Borydoie Baglakoi

Baiinsjto

Bassjura Bjitoio Inw Hnrsny Inw Qjr` Inmros`o Ijrtl Gorjdaio Jlaj

J`doljbo

Jrnkji Sniisydvoiao Wjutl Gorjdaio Uniinssnn Unxos ^tol [oslaiktji

[nst Varkaiao

[asgjisai [yjbaik‒<6

Kninroddy, ai oeeataji tj o ^WEJU iubmnr, gorranrs bust lovnaitnrstotn Jpnrotaik Outljraty, af tlny ej tln fjddjwaik8

—Jpnrotn os fjr-larn gorranrs (fjr o fnn jr jtlnrgjbpnisotaji)0

Uroispjrt possniknrs ai aitnrstotn gjbbnrgn0

Uroispjrt fnenroddy-rnkudotne gjbbjeatans jr orroikaik fjrtlnar troispjrt, ai aitnrstotn gjbbnrgn.‒<;

(Ulus, jidy pravotn gorranrs P—gorranrs tlot troispjrt tlnarjwi gorkj‒R oie —fjr-larn‒ gorranrs tlot jidy troispjrtgorkj ijt fnenroddy rnkudotne ej ijt lovn tj jmtoaijpnrotaik outljraty frjb tln FBWGO.<< )

Jpnrotaik outljraty gjitrjds o gorranr‑s pnrbattne typns jf gorkj

oie jpnrotajis (tlus, o gorranr boy inne bjrn tloi jin typn jfjpnrotaik outljraty, os aenitafane my —BG,‒ —FF,‒ jr —B\‒iubmnrs).<1 Furtlnrbjrn, jpnrotaik outljraty odsj entnrbains ogorranr‑s rnquarne dnvnd jf aisuroign/faioigaod rnspjisamadaty.13




7;

Uj mn gnrtoai tln gorranr ai yjur gosn loe fadne tln prjpnr fjrbs(sugl os frjb tln JS-? snrans), to`n o djj` ot tln FBGWO‑s jidain—Botrax jf ]nquarne Fjrbs‒ fjr gorranrs.1? —Gorranrs snn`aik tj

jpnrotn ai aitnrstotn gjbbnrgn bust gjbpdntn fjrb BGW-?>3“Gjbmaine Bjtjr Gorranr Aenitafagotaji ]npjrt.‑ Uj oppdy fjrAitnrstotn Jpnrotaik Outljraty, o gorranr bust gjbpdntn tlnopprjpraotn fjrb ai tln JS-? snrans.‒1= Ai oeeataji tj fadaik tlnsnfjrbs, odd oppdyaik gorranrs orn rnquarne tj fadn aisuroign oie dnkodprjgnss oknit ejgubnitotaji.17 Gorranrs orn odsj rnquarne tj upeotntlnar rnkastrotaji aifjrbotaji nvnry twj ynors, rnkorednss jf oiygloikns jr dog` jf gloikns ai tlnar aifjrbotaji, jpnrotajis, ntg.15

Furtlnrbjrn, tln gorranr bust ensakiotn tln stotn jf ats praigapdnpdogn jf musainss, uienr tln ^iafjrb Gorranr ]nkastrotaji Wystnb(^G]W)0 at bust odsj ensakiotn (ji o fjrb fadne watl tln FBGWO) ornkastnrne oknit fjr snrvagn jf prjgnss ai nogl stotn wlnrn tlngorranr los jpnrotajis.1> (Mjtl aitnr- oie aitrostotn gorranrs jflozorejus botnraods bust jmtoai o sofnty pnrbat frjb tln FBGWO,

wlagl —wadd ijt assun o sofnty pnrbat tj oiy gorranr tlot as ai tln tjp73 pnrgnit jf tln iotajiod grosl ovnrokn os aieagotne ai tln BjtjrGorranr Boioknbnit Aifjrbotaji Wystnb PBGBAWR.‒ Aitrostotnlozbot gorranrs wadd mn trnotne os aitnrstotn gorranrs ai jtlnr woys os

wndd.16 Wabadordy, spngaod rnquarnbnits rnkoreaik ljusnljde kjjesoie tln Obnragois watl Easomadatans Ogt orn sjbntabns aivnstakotnemy jtlnr fnenrod oie stotn oknigans.1;

Odsj, tlnrn orn —Inw Nitroit Wofnty OssuroignSrjkrobs.‒1< Oggjreaik tj tln FBGWO, o —Inw Nitroit as o bjtjrgorranr ijt ejbagadne ai Bnxagj tlot oppdans fjr o ^.W. Enportbnit

jf Uroispjrtotaji (EJU) aenitafagotaji iubmnr, ai jrenr tj aiataotnjpnrotajis ai aitnrstotn gjbbnrgn.‒11

Euraik tln farst nakltnni bjitls, tln inw nitroit wadd mnbjiatjrne oie as rnquarne tj ej tln fjddjwaik8

—Jpnrotn Wofndy

Boaitoai up-tj-eotn rngjres

Gjieugt pnrajeag aispngtajis oie pnrfjrb boaitnioign ji

GBVs. Soss tln Wofnty Oueat‒?33

Gjrrnspjieaikdy, euraik tlot tabn, tln FBGWO wadd —gjieugt oWofnty Oueat ji tln Inw Nitroit0 bjiatjr sofnty pnrfjrboign




7<

tlrjukl rjoesaen aispngtajis0 kroit pnrboinit outljraty, af sofn0Poie gjieugtR tln Wofnty Oueats oie Gjbpdaoign ]nvanws.‒?3?

Ulnsn stnps wadd aivjdvn —o gnrtafane ^.W. fnenrod sofnty aivnstakotjr,

stotn jr prjvaigaod nifjrgnbnit jffagnr‒ oie tln bjtjr gorranr(oie/jr nbpdjynns).?3= Wofnty oueats oie gjbpdaoignrnvanws/aitnrvnitajis wadd mn gjieugtne typagoddy ot tln praigapodpdogn jf musainss oie —ot oiy tabn FBGWO sofnty eoto aieagotnsprjmdnbs.‒?37

Uln mndjw as o glng`dast jf gousns fjr o inw nitroit tjoutjbotagoddy foad o Wofnty Oueat8

—O Inw Nitroit foads tln Wofnty Oueat fjr Odgjljd oieEruk Vajdotajis8

j Ij odgjljd oie/jr eruk tnstaik prjkrob.j Ij ]OIEJB odgjljd oie/jr eruk tnstaik

prjkrob.j ^saik o eravnr wlj rnfusne o rnquarne odgjljd jr

eruk tnst.j ^saik o eravnr tln gjbpoiy `ijws loe o mdjje

odgjljd gjitnit jf 3.35 jr krnotnr.j

^saik o eravnr wlj foadne tj gjbpdntn rnquarnefjddjw-up prjgneurns oftnr tnstaik pjsatavn fjreruks.

j Eravnr Vajdotajis

O Inw Nitroit foads tln Wofnty Oueat fjr `ijwaikdy8j ^saik o eravnr watljut o vodae GED.j

^saik o easquodafane eravnr.j

^saik o eravnr watl o rnvj`ne, suspniene, jrgoignddne GED.

j ^saik o bneagoddy uiquodafane eravnr.j Jpnrotajis Vajdotajis

Jpnrotaik o bjtjr vnlagdn watljut lovaikai nffngt tln rnquarne dnvnd jf aisuroign.

Foadaik tj rnquarn eravnrs tj bo`n ljurs-jf-snrvagn rngjres.

]npoars oie Aispngtajis Vajdotajisj Jpnrotaik o vnlagdn engdorne Jut-jf-Wnrvagn

PJJWR fjr sofnty enfaganigans mnfjrn rnpoars ornboen.




71

j

Ijt pnrfjrbaik JJW rnpoars rnpjrtne ai eravnr- vnlagdn aispngtaji rnpjrts (EVA]s).

j Jpnrotaik o GBV ijt pnrajeagoddy aispngtne.‒?35

Uln FBGWO gjitaiuns tj bjiatjr inw nitroits, nvni af tlny posstln sofnty oueat. Mut af tlny foad, tlny lovn tj to`n oenquotn ogtajitj gjrrngt tlnar prjmdnbs0 af tlny ej ijt ej sj, tlnar ^WEJUrnkastrotaji wadd mn abbneaotndy rnvj`ne.?3>

Qju sljude odsj djj` aitj gorranrs‑ lastjry, aigdueaik tln pjssamadatyjf tln nxngutavns lovaik prnvajusdy jwine/boiokne oijtlnrgorranr gjbpoiy ndsnwlnrn. Gorranrs, ìjwi os globndnji gorranrs,

tlot lovn mnni ossnssne gavad pniodtans jr kavni JJW jrenrssjbntabns rnkastnr fjr o inw ^WEJU iubmnr tj ovjae tlnsn. Aftlny ej sj oie fodsafy jr laen aifjrbotaji tlny boy mn assune oiJJW jrenr oie/jr mn ossnssne o fain.?36 Ot tln vnry dnost, mydjjàik ot tln lastjry, yju goi nstomdasl tln gorranr boiokbniteasrnkore fjr sofnty.

Jign ]jddaik

N\SN]U EJG8]nspjisamdn oie gjbpntnit bjtjr gorranrs rjutaindy oeopt tj tlnnvnr-gloikaik doiesgopn jf tln trugàik aieustry my toàik ji oieabpdnbnitaik tln rnkudotjry oie aieustry stoieores, wlaglgjddngtavndy snrvn tj nisurn gjbpdaoign watl opprjpraotn stoieores,os wndd os nisuraik tln sofnty jf odd gjignrine. (6-;)

Wofnty ]otaiks?3;

Jin jf tln farst tlaiks yju woit tj ej as aivnstakotn tln gorranr‑sovoadomdn sofnty aifjrbotaji,

wlagl wadd tndd yju bugl jf wlot yjuinne tj ìjw omjut wlj tln gorranr enfnieoit rnoddy as. (Sangn jfoevagn8 vasat www.oa.fbgso.ejt.kjv tj dnori bjrn omjut o gorranr‑ssofnty eoto.) Oftnr gjieugtaik o Gjbpdaoign ]nvanw (G]), tlnFBGWO pumdaslns o —sofnty rotaik‒ oie ossakis tln sofnty sgjrn,odsj rnfnrrne tj os MOWAGs. [n to`n o djj` ot mjtl mndjw.

Farst, tln mndjw orn tln FBGWO‑s sofnty fatinss prjgneurns fjrentnrbaiaik tln sofnty rotaik8

§ 7<>.;8 Fogtjrs tj mn gjisaenrne ai entnrbaiaik osofnty rotaik.




53

—Uln fogtjrs tj mn gjisaenrne ai entnrbaiaik tlnsofnty fatinss oie ossakiaik o sofnty rotaik aigduen

aifjrbotaji frjb sofnty rnvanws, gjbpdaoignrnvanws oie oiy jtlnr eoto. Uln fogtjrs boyaigduen odd jr sjbn jf tln fjddjwaik8

(o) Oenquogy jf sofnty boioknbnit gjitrjds. Ulnoenquogy jf gjitrjds boy mn qunstajine aftlnar enkrnn jf fjrbodazotaji, outjbotaji, ntg.,as fjuie tj mn sumstoitaoddy mndjw tln ijrbfjr sabador gorranrs. Vajdotajis, oggaenits jr

aigaenits sumstoitaoddy omjvn tln ijrb fjrsabador gorranrs wadd mn strjik nvaenign tlotboioknbnit gjitrjds orn natlnr aioenquotn jrijt fuigtajiaik prjpnrdy.

(m) Frnqunigy oie snvnraty jf rnkudotjry vajdotajis.

(g) Frnqunigy oie snvnraty jf eravnr/vnlagdnrnkudotjry vajdotajis aenitafane euraikrjoesaen aispngtajis jf bjtjr gorranrjpnrotajis ai gjbbnrgn oie, af tln bjtjrgorranr jpnrotns ai tln îatne Wtotns, jfjpnrotajis ai Goioeo oie Bnxagj.

(e) Iubmnr oie frnqunigy jf jut-jf-snrvagneravnr/vnlagdn vajdotajis jf bjtjr gorranr

jpnrotajis ai gjbbnrgn oie, af tln bjtjrgorranr jpnrotns ai tln îatne Wtotns, jfjpnrotajis ai Goioeo oie Bnxagj.

(n) Aigrnosn jr engrnosn ai sabador typns jfrnkudotjry vajdotajis easgjvnrne euraik sofntyjr gjbpdaoign rnvanws.

(f) Fjr bjtjr gorranr jpnrotajis ai gjbbnrgn

oie (af tln bjtjr gorranr jpnrotns ai tlnîatne Wtotns) ai Goioeo oie Bnxagj8Frnqunigy jf oggaenits0 lozorejus botnraodsaigaenits0 oggaenit rotn pnr baddaji badns0aieagotjrs jf prnvnitomdn oggaenits0 oie




5?

wlntlnr sugl oggaenits, lozorejus botnraodsaigaenits, oie prnvnitomdn oggaenit aieagotjrslovn aigrnosne jr engdaine jvnr tabn.

(k) Iubmnr oie snvnraty jf vajdotajis jf GBVoie bjtjr gorranr sofnty rudns, rnkudotajis,stoieores, oie jrenrs tlot orn mjtl assune my oWtotn, Goioeo, jr Bnxagj oie gjbpotamdn watlFnenrod rudns, rnkudotajis, stoieores, oiejrenrs.‒?3<

Uln mndjw as o bjrn gjivnianit glng`dast jf tln fogtjrs gjisaenrne

ai entnrbaiaik o gorranr‑s sofnty rotaik8

—Fogtjr ? (Kninrod Gjbpdaoign)8 Sorts 7<; oie 7130 Fogtjr = (Eravnr)8 Sorts 7<=, 7<7, oie 71?0 Fogtjr 7 (Jpnrotajiod/Ljurs jf Wnrvagn)8 Sorts 71= oie

71>0 Fogtjr 5 (Vnlagdn)8 Sorts 717 oie 7160 Fogtjr > (Lozbot)8 Sorts 71;, ?;?, ?;;, oie ?<30 oie

Fogtjr 6 (Oggaenit ]otn Fogtjr)8 ]ngjreomdn EJU Oggaenit ]otn.‒?31

Uln rnsudt jf o G] as jin jf tln fjddjwaik rotaiks8

Wotasfogtjry Gjieatajiod ^isotasfogtjry

Af o gorranr as rotne —uisotasfogtjry‒ oie ejns ijt watlai saxty eoys(jr fjrty-favn eoys fjr bjst lozbot gorranrs) gjrrngt ats assuns tjmjjst ats rotaik tj gjieatajiod jr sotasfogtjry, tln FBGWO waddoutjbotagoddy assun oi jpnrotajiod jut-jf-snrvagn jrenr.??3 (Snr 51GF] §7<>.?;, o gorranr goi rnqunst tlot ats sofnty rotaik mn obnienemosne ji prjjf jf ats nffjrts tj gjrrngt gatne vajdotajis oie atsgjbpdaoign watl Sort 7<>‑s sofnty stoieores oie fogtjrs.??? )

Uln bjiubnitod prjmdnb watl tln sofnty rotaik as tlot tln sgjrnnssnitaoddy mngjbns juteotne os sjji os at as gjifakurne. Oggjreaiktj o stotnbnit boen my oi FBGWO‑s oebaiastrotjr mnfjrn tlnLjusn Gjbbattnn ji Uroispjrtotaji oie AifrostrugturnWumgjbbattnn ji Laklwoys oie Uroisat ji Wnptnbmnr ?7, =3?=8




5=

Uln G] as vnry nffngtavn ai gloikaik uisofnmnlovajr0 ljwnvnr, at goi odsj mn vnry tabngjisubaik oie domjr aitnisavn fjr mjtl tln bjtjr

gorranr oie sofnty aivnstakotjrs. At dabats tln Oknigy oie ats Wtotn portinrs tj nvoduotn tln sofntypnrfjrboign jf dnss tloi 7 pnrgnit jf tlnopprjxabotndy >=>,333 ogtavn gorranrs nogl ynor.Bjrnjvnr, jur gurrnit rnkudotajis fjr assuaikstotutjrady rnquarne sofnty fatinss entnrbaiotajisfjr bjtjr gorranrs as tane tj tln G], bnoiaik tln

Oknigy goiijt aigjrpjrotn ji-rjoe pnrfjrboigntj assun o sofnty fatinss entnrbaiotaji ji o gorranr,

ij bottnr ljw for o bjtjr gorranr's ji-rjoepnrfjrboign boy lovn sdappne jr abprjvne.??=

O G] gjude to`n pdogn ji o Bjieoy, oie tln nitarn nivarjibnit jfo bjtjr gorranr musainss gjude gloikn fjr tln wjrsn tln inxt eoy.Ljwnvnr, tln sofnty rotaik jf tln gorranr wjude ijt gloikn uitad tlninxt G] as gjieugtne. At as pjssamdn tln gorranr wadd ijt uienrkjoijtlnr G] fjr tln inxt engoen. Lnrn as wlnrn o snrajus eoiknrdans8 mrj`nrs orn rndyaik sjdndy ji tln sofnty rotaik prjvaene my tlnFBGWO aistnoe jf aivnstakotaik furtlnr oie djj`aik up tlnMOWAGs sgjrn, easgussne mndjw.

Inxt, tln MOWAG sgjrn as godgudotne wlni tln Wofnty BnosurnbnitWystnb (WBW) gjbmains odd eoto gjddngtne euraik aivnstakotajis,rjoesaen aispngtajis, oie rnpjrtne groslns tj entnrbain tln bjtjrgorranr‑s MOWAG sgjrn. Uln MOWAG sgjrn aigduens nvoduotajis jftln fjddjwaik8

^isofn Eravaik Fotakune Eravaik, wlagl as odsj goddne Ljurs-jf-

Wnrvagn Eravnr Fatinss

Gjitrjddne Wumstoigns/Odgjljd Vnlagdn Boaitnioign

Gorkj-]ndotne Grosl Aieagotjr??7

Ulnsn sgjrns orn godgudotne ji o sgodn jf znrj tj?330 znrj as tlnmnst, djwnst ras`, oie ?33 as tln wjrst, laklnst ras`. Uln tlrnsljdefjr tlas sgodn as snvnity-favn. Jign o trug`nr los sgjrne snvnity-favn




57

jr omjvn, ln as gjisaenrne tj mn uisotasfogtjry oie sljude ijt mnlarne my o mrj`nr.??5

Uln îsofn Eravaik MOWAG sgjrn as mosne ji tln jpnrotaji jf tlngjbbnrgaod bjtjr vnlagdn. At wjude rnfdngt troffag vajdotajis frjbrjoesaen aitnrogtajis sugl os spnneaik, rng`dnss eravaik, aiottnitaji,oie abprjpnr doin gloikn.

Uln Fotakune Eravaik MOWAG sgjrn gjignris tln jpnrotaji jfgjbbnrgaod bjtjr vnlagdns fjr nxtniene ljurs jf jpnrotaji tlot ejijt gjbpdy watl tln Ljurs-jf-Wnrvagn rnkudotajis. At wjude odsjaigduen aistoigns wlnrn eravnrs foad tj `nnp tlnar djkmjj`s upeotne

watl gjrrngt aifjrbotaji.

Uln Eravnr Fatinss MOWAG sgjrn nvoduotns eravnrs oie wlntlnr jrijt tlny lovn mnni oenquotndy troaine, ljw bugl nxpnranign tlnylovn, oie o voranty jf bneagod quodafagotajis.

Uln Gjitrjddne Wumstoigns/Odgjljd MOWAG sgjrn oeernssns eravnrs watl oiy typn jf sumstoigns omusn assuns0 fjr nxobpdn, nxgnssavnodgjljd gjisubptaji, prnsgraptaji bneagotaji omusn oiegjisubaik addnkod eruks.

Uln Vnlagdn Boaitnioign MOWAG sgjrn oeernssns wlntlnr jr ijteravnrs oie gorranrs prjpnrdy boaitoai tlnar vnlagdns oie to`nprngoutajiory bnosurns tj prnvnit slaftaik, spaddne, jr erjppnegorkj. At odsj to`ns aitj oggjuit wlntlnr jr ijt eravnrs jvnrdjoetlnar trug`s. Eravnrs inne tj boaitoai tlnar trug`s tj nisurn tlnyorn bngloiagoddy sjuie, nspngaoddy sofnty fnoturns, daklts, sakiods,

oie tarns.

Uln Lozorejus Botnraods (LB) Gjbpdaoign MOWAG sgjrn asnvoduotne mosne ji tln loiedaik jf lozorejus botnraods. Eravnrs ornrnspjisamdn fjr fjddjwaik odd rnkudotajis my opprjpraotndy boràikoie domndaik pogòkns oie slapbnits gjitoaiaik lozorejusbotnraods.

Faioddy, tln Grosl Aieagotjr MOWAG sgjrn to`ns aitj gjisaenrotaji

tln grosl lastjry jf eravnrs. Eravnrs‑ sgjrns ai tlas gotnkjry to`naitj oggjuit ljw boiy groslns eravnrs lovn mnni aivjdvne ai,

wlni tlny jggurrne, oie tln snvnraty jf tln oggaenit.




55

Jin fogt tj `nnp ai baie as tlot —at as ai o gjbpoiy‑s mnst aitnrnststj abpdnbnit oie nifjrgn wrattni prjgneurns oie pjdagans mnyjietln baiabub rnquarnbnits jf tln FBGW] jr stotn stotutns.‒??>

[lot orn tln Gorranr‑s ]nspjisamadatans:

Gorranrs jftni mjost jf tlnar tnob nivarjibnit wlni rngruataikeravnrs tj larn.??6 Mut tlnrn innes tj mn bjrn trutl ai tlnsn gdoabstloi jin baklt tlai` (jr tloi da`ndy jftni ogtuoddy as). At as tlngorranr‑s rnspjisamadaty tj nisurn nvnry nbpdjynn ‗ frjb tlnprnsaenit jr glanf jpnrotaik jffagnr tj tln eravnr jr easpotglnr ‗

ìjws oie uienrstoies tln FBGW].??; Uln gorranr nxngutavns‑ oiesupnrvasjrs‑ ottatuens rnkoreaik gjbpdaoign watl fnenrod rnkudotajisoie jvnrodd sofnty offngts tln nitarn gjbpoiy‑s ottatuen.??< Nvnisodnspnjpdn sljude mn fobadaor watl sjbn rnkudotajis mngousn tlnsnnbpdjynns aifdunign tln rnosjiomdninss jf gustjbnr‑snxpngtotajis.??1 Uln bjrn ìjwdneknomdn odd nbpdjynns ornrnkoreaik rnkudotajis oie tln bjrn snrajus tlny ìjw tlnarsupnrvasjrs orn omjut gjbpdaoign, tln sofnr tln rjoes wadd mn.?=3

—Uln Fnenrod Bjtjr Gorranr Wofnty ]nkudotajis (FBGW]) bo`n at vnry gdnor tlot tln bjtjr gorranr los o gdnor, ijiendnkomdn euty tjbjiatjr, gjitrjd, oie supnrvasn tln gjieugt jf nvnry eravnr oienbpdjynn, aigdueaik aienpnienit gjitrogtjrs.‒?=? Ulus, aienpjsatajis, mn surn tj qunstaji tln sofnty earngtjr tljrjukldyrnkoreaik laraik gratnrao, sofnty pjdagans, sofnty rngjres oieprjgneurns, os wndd os bntljes jf eravnr bjiatjraik.?==

Oggjreaik tj 51 GF] § 7<>.>,—Uj bnnt tln sofnty fatinss stoieore, tln bjtjr gorranrbust enbjistrotn at los oenquotn sofnty boioknbnitgjitrjds ai pdogn, wlagl fuigtaji nffngtavndy tj nisurnoggnptomdn gjbpdaoign watl oppdagomdn sofnty rnquarnbnitstj rneugn tln ras` ossjgaotne watl8(o) Gjbbnrgaod eravnr‑s dagnisn stoieore vajdotajis (port7<7 jf tlas gloptnr),(m) Aioenquotn dnvnds jf faioigaod rnspjisamadaty (port 7<; jf

tlas gloptnr),(g) Uln usn jf uiquodafane eravnrs (port 71? jf tlasgloptnr),(e) Abprjpnr usn oie eravaik jf bjtjr vnlagdns (port 71=jf tlas gloptnr),




5>

(n) ^isofn vnlagdns jpnrotaik ji tln laklwoys (port 717 jftlas gloptnr),(f) Foadurn tj boaitoai oggaenit rnkastnrs oie gjpans jf

oggaenit rnpjrts (port 713 jf tlas gloptnr),(k) Uln usn jf fotakune eravnrs (port 71> jf tlas gloptnr),(l) Aioenquotn aispngtaji, rnpoar, oie boaitnioign jf

vnlagdns (port 716 jf tlas gloptnr),(a) Uroispjrtotaji jf lozorejus botnraods, eravaik oiepor`aik rudn vajdotajis (port 71; jf tlas gloptnr),(h) Vajdotaji jf lozorejus botnraods rnkudotajis (ports ?;3-?;; jf tlas tatdn), oie(`) Bjtjr vnlagdn oggaenits oie lozorejus botnraods

aigaenits.‒

O. EJG^BNIUOUAJI & S]NWN]VOUAJI JF ]NGJ]EW

Jin jf tln bjst gratagod oie prnvodnit rnspjisamadatans o gorranr losas tj boaitoai prjpnr ejgubnitotaji. Mndjw as o mranf glng`dast jf oiubmnr jf tln rnquarne ornos jf ejgubnitotaji (sjbn jf wlagl

wadd mn bnitajine okoai jr bjrn tljrjukldy easgussne dotnr)8

Eravnrs‑ rngjres/djks jf ljurs jf snrvagn (bust mn `npt fjrot dnost sax bjitls)

Vnlagdn boaitnioignj Eravnrs‑ eoady vnlagdn aispngtaji rnpjrts (bust mn

`npt ot dnost 13 eoys)j

Nogl vnlagdn‑s gjbpdntn boaitnioign rngjre Eravnr quodafagotajis fadn fjr nogl eravnr (bust mn `npt fjr

tln dniktl jf tln eravnr‑s nbpdjybnit oie tln fjddjwaik

tlrnn ynors Pwatl nxgnptajisR) Musainss rngjres

Faioigaod rnspjisamadaty Eruk usn oie odgjljd basusn Oggaenit aifjrbotaji?=7

Furtlnrbjrn, pnr 51 §§ GF] 7;1.> oie 7;1.;, o gorranr as rnquarnetj prnsnrvn ats rngjres sj os tj prnvnit eobokn jr bjeafagotaji euntj ioturod easostnrs oie entnrajrotaji, tnglijdjkagod nrrjrs, ntg.

M. LA]AIK

Laraik as tln —frjitdain‒ jf nisuraik sofn rjoes. Gorranrs bust mn vakadoit ai fjddjwaik fnenrod rnkudotajis oie aieustry stoieores




56

wlni bo`aik tln abpjrtoit gljagns rnkoreaik wlj wadd eravn tlnareoiknrjus vnlagdns. Fjr oi ai-enptl oiodysas jf tlas oie rndotnegratagod tjpags, snn Gloptnr Ulrnn‑s sngtaji ji inkdaknit laraik,

nitrustbnit, oie rntnitaji.

G. W^SN]VAWAJI & ]NUNIUAJI

Wupnrvasaji jf eravnrs as jin jf tln bjst `ny rnspjisamadatans ogorranr los oie jin jf tln bjst `ny ndnbnits fjr yjur gosn. Ulnrnorn gjuitdnss ospngts jf supnrvasaji, frjb mosags oppdagomdn tjnvnry nbpdjynn-nbpdjynr rndotajislap tj entoads uiaqun tj tlntrug`aik aieustry. Mndjw wn prjvaen o mranf dast jf o fnw jf tlnsn

ospngts aivjdvne ai supnrvasaji, mut snn Gloptnr Ulrnn‑s easgussajijf inkdaknit laraik, nitrustbnit, oie rntnitaji fjr o bjrn ai-enptloiodysas. Gorranrs bust ensaki systnbs oie prjgneurns tj prjpnrdyboiokn oie gjitrjd ats eravnrs oie nisurn tlny orn ai gjbpdaoign

watl rnkudotajis oie aieustry stoieores.?=5

Eruk & Odgjljd Omusn Srnvnitaji Ejgubnitotaji

]ntnitaji

Gorkj

Wlaftaik jr nsgopaik gorkj goi nieoiknr tln davns jf nvnryjin jitln rjoe, aigdueaik tln eravnr. Uln rnkudotajis ljde mjtl tln gorranroie eravnr rnspjisamdn fjr tln sofn troispjrtotaji jf gorkj0 eravnrsorn rnquarne tj aispngt tln gorkj ot stapudotne tabns.?=> Snr 51 GF]§ 71?.?7,

—o bjtjr gorranr slodd ijt rnquarn jr pnrbat o pnrsji tjeravn o gjbbnrgaod bjtjr vnlagdn uidnss tln pnrsji8(o) Goi, my rnosji jf nxpnranign, troaiaik, jr mjtl,entnrbain wlntlnr tln gorkj ln/sln troispjrts (aigdueaikmokkokn ai o possniknr-gorryaik gjbbnrgaod bjtjr vnlagdn)los mnni prjpnrdy djgotne, eastramutne, oie sngurne ai jrji tln gjbbnrgaod bjtjr vnlagdn ln/sln eravns0(m) As fobadaor watl bntljes oie prjgneurns fjr snguraikgorkj ai jr ji tln gjbbnrgaod bjtjr vnlagdn ln/sln

eravns.‒

Ulus, gorranrs bust nisurn mjtl tlot tln eravnrs orn prjpnrdytroaine ai gorkj sngurnbnit os wndd os tlot eravnrs orn prjpnrdyaispngtaik gorkj os rnquarne.?=6




5;

E. U]OAIAIK

Uln quodaty jf troaiaik o gorranr prjvaens ats eravnrs as jf krovnabpjrtoign. O gjbpoiy as rnquarne tj nisurn nogl eravnr fjddjwsoie as troaine ai tln FBGW]. Uln eravnr nvni as rnquarne tj saki orngnapt fjr o gjpy jf tln FBGW] tj `nnp ai las trug` sj ln goirnfnr tj tlnb ot inne.?=; Mut wlot boy surprasn yju as tlot fnenrodrnkudotajis jidy spngafy tln mndjw tjpags os rnquarne tj mn gjvnrneai troaiaik fjr nitry-dnvnd eravnrs8

Eravnr [nddinss

Ljurs jf Wnrvagn Eravnr _uodafagotaji ]nquarnbnits

[lastdnmdjwnr Srjtngtaji.?=<

Uln rnkudotajis ej stapudotn tlot o gorranr bust rnquarn oi nitrydnvnd eravnr tj lovn o gnrtafagotn jf troaiaik, mut tln rnks lovn ijspngafagotajis rnkoreaik wlot typns jf jpnrotajiod troaiaik eravnrsbust lovn rngnavne.?=1 Ji tln jtlnr loie, tln rnkudotajis ej

prjvaen stoieores fjr GEDs?73

oie o bjrn entoadne dast (watlensgraptajis) jf troaiaik tjpags rnquarne fjr eravnrs jf djiknrgjbmaiotaji vnlagdns (aigdueaik ejumdns oie trapdns).?7?

Ai ?1<>, tln ^WEJU pumdaslne o troaiaik prjpjsod goddne tln BjendGurragudub fjr Uroaiaik Urug` Eravnrs , wlagl bjst trug` eravaiksgljjds, aigdueaik tln Srjfnssajiod Urug` Eravaik Aistatutn (SUEA),lovn nssnitaoddy oejptne.?7= (Ai ?11;, tln FBGWO ijtne tlot tlnìjwdnekn oie sàdds prjvni my noriaik o GED Pos stapudotne ai 51

GF] § 7<7R orn ijt nquavodnit tj oenquotn troaiaik.?77 ) —SUEA-gnrtafane gjursns nisurn tln bjtjr gorranr tlot tln eravnr losrngnavne o portagudor snt jf sàdds oie ìjwdnekn.‒?75 Uln Iotajiod

Ossjgaotaji jf Sumdagdy Fuiene Urug` Eravnr Uroaiaik Wgljjds(IOSFUEW), tln SUEA, oie tln Gjbbnrgaod Vnlagdn Uroaiaik

Ossjgaotaji, Aig. orn tlrnn nitatans prjvaeaik vorajus typns jftroaiaik oie kuaeoign, fjrbudotaik aieustry stoieores.?7>

Ijw, wladn stadd ijt jffagaod rnkudotajis, tln FBGWO ejns envjtn

oi nitarn pjrtaji jf ats wnmsatn tj abprjvaik eravnrs‑ sofntyprogtagns, jffnraik gorranrs botnraods, o —tjjdàt,‒ oie o —Knt ]joeWbort‒ Srjkrob.?76 Mut —uitad SUEA pumdaslne ats Eravnr FaiaslaikWtoieores , aieustrywaen kuaendains eaei‑t nxast. P. . .R [atljutboieotjry rnquarnbnits fjr fjrbod troaiaik, tln bjtjr gorranr bust




5<

engaen wlot dnvnd jf troaiaik, af oiy, as ingnssory mnyjie tlnbaiabub rnquarnbnits snt fjrtl ai tln FBGW].‒?7;

Uln rnkudotjry stoieores rnquarn tlot o GBV jpnrotjr mn omdn tjenbjistrotn spngafag ìjwdnekn oie sàdds rnkoreaik tln sofnjpnrotaji jf GBVs. Uln aieustry stoieores jf gorn, wlaglaigjrpjrotn tln rnkudotjry stoieores, rnquarn tlot GBV jpnrotjrsmn aistrugtne/troaine, ìjwdneknomdn oie mngjbn prjfaganit watltln rnquasatn sàdds tlot aigduen, mut orn ijt dabatne tj, tln rnkudotjryoie aieustry stoieores rndotne tj —Vasuod Wnorgl,‒ —LozoreSnrgnptajis,‒ —Wpogn Boioknbnit,‒ —Iaklt Jpnrotaji,‒ oie—Mogàik‒ os wndd os tln rngjkiazne oie wndd-nstomdaslne stoieores

fjr enfnisavn eravaik. (p 1-?3, FBGW] §713.7(m), 7<7.???, 7<7.??7)

Waen ijtn8 tln eravnr slorns sjbn rnspjisamadaty rnkoreaik troaiaik.Fjr nxobpdn, os A bnitajine ai tln mjj`‑s aitrjeugtaji, jin jf byfarst trugàik traods aivjdvne o trogtjr troadnr eravnr fogne watl oinbnrknigy satuotaji. O vnlagdn loe stjppne ai las doin. Uln trugèravnr wosi‑t fjddjwaik tjj gdjsn jr spnneaik. Uln trug` eravnrdjg`ne ejwi las mro`ns oie earngtne las vnlagdn tj tln jigjbaikdoin jf troffag. Ulas ovjaene tln vnlagdn stjppne ai las jwi doin,mut gousne lab tj gjddaen watl tln vnlagdn ai tln jppjsaik doin jftroffag. [n suggnssfuddy orkune ot traod tlot tln nbnrknigy sljudelovn prjbptne tln eravnr tj stnnr las vnlagdn tj tln raklt jitj tlnsljudenr jf tln rjoe ai jrenr tj ovjae mjtl gjddasajis. Ulas gosnrnquarne jur tnob tj fjgus ji tln eravnr‑s foadurn tj fjddjw tlntroaiaik ln loe prnvajusdy rngnavne ai ovjaeaik tlas nxogtnbnrknigy satuotaji.

N.

BOAIUNIOIGN

Boiy oggaenits orn ottramutomdn tj bngloiagod foadurns jf ports jrsystnbs ai o gjbbnrgaod vnlagdn. Fnenrod rnkudotajis rnquarn bjtjrgorranrs tj systnbotagoddy aispngt, boaitoai, oie rnpoar odd bjtjr

vnlagdns sumhngt tj tlnar gjitrjd. Ulnsn rnkudotajis odsj rnquarn tlottln trug` oie ats gjbpjinit ports bust mn ai sofn jpnrotaikgjieataji ot odd tabns. O bjtjr gorranr goi mn lnde rnspjisamdn fjr

oiy aihury gousne my ats foadurn tj prjpnrdy aispngt, boaitoai jrrnpoar oiy nquapbnit ai ats gjitrjd.?7<

Af ai tln eravnr‑s eoady aispngtaji rnpjrt o enfngt as ijtne, tln gorranrbust nisurn (oie gnrtafy ji tln jrakaiod rnpjrt) —tlot tln enfngt los




51

mnni rnpoarne jr tlot tln rnpoar as uiingnssory mnfjrn tln vnlagdngoi mn jpnrotne.‒?71 Uln boaitnioign rngjre rnquarne tj mn `nptfjr nogl vnlagdn as o strjik aieagotjr jf tln gorranr‑s ottatuen

rnkoreaik tln abpjrtoign jf boaitnioign oie sofnty.?53 Uj nisurngjbpdaoign watl FBGW] § 716, gorranrs bust lovn o sglneudn jrsystnb ai pdogn tj nisurn tln vnlagdns‑ jpnrotaik gjieatajis rnboaisofn.?5?

Ai oeeataji tj eravnr‑s aispngtajis, gorranrs bust nisurn nvnry vnlagdn as aispngtne ot dnost oiiuoddy (tlas rnquarnbnit goi mnsotasfane my o rjoesaen jr jtlnr pnrajeag aispngtaji pnrfjrbne my jr

watl tln outljraty jf o stotn jr fnenrod kjvnribnit oknigy).?5= Uln

oiiuod aispngtajis bust mn gjbpdntne my aieavaeuods watlquodafagotajis spngafane ai 51 GF] §§ 716.?1 oie 716.=> Ptln dottnrpnrtoaiaik tj mro`n aispngtjrsR.

[ladn rnkudotajis ej ijt spngafy o entoadne boaitnioign sglneudneun tj tln uiaquninss jf vnlagdns, gorranrs bust boaitoai tln portsoie oggnssjrans pnr tln kuaeoign jf tln boiufogturnr.?57 (—Bjtjrgorranrs wlj dnosn vnlagdns natlnr bust aispngt, rnpoar, boaitoai, oie`nnp suatomdn rngjres fjr odd vnlagdns sumhngt tj tlnar gjitrjd fjrtlarty gjisngutavn eoys jr bjrn, jr bust lovn oijtlnr portypnrfjrb sugl ogtavatans.‒?55 ) At as tln sjdn rnspjisamadaty jf gorranrstj kuoroitnn tlot ats vnlagdns orn ai sofn jpnrotaik gjieataji watloiy enfngts faxne.?5>

Furtlnrbjrn, gorranrs‑ rnspjisamadaty tj boaitoai as lnakltnine wlni tlny loud lozorejus botnraods (oie bust jmtoai lozbot sofntypnrbats). Dostdy, rnkudotajis prjvaen spngafags rnkoreaik tln ensaki

jf trug`s oie tlnar goms, sugl os rnquaraik o gnrtoai objuit jfspogn fjr tln eravnrs‑ fnnt oie aigdueaik spngafagotajis fjrloieljdes, ntg. Snr 51 GF] 717 (—Sorts oie Oggnssjrans Ingnssoryfjr Wofn Jpnrotaji‒), gorranrs bust nisurn tlnar vnlagdns gjbpdy

watl rnkudotajis rnkoreaik tln fjddjwaik8

Dobps

]nfdngtavn envagns

Ndngtragod waraik

Mro`ns Kdozaik oie waiejw gjistrugtaji

Fund systnbs

Gjupdaik envagns

Ujwaik bntljes




>3

Nbnrknigy nquapbnit Frobns Gom oie mjey gjbpjinits

[lnnds

Wtnnraik Wuspnisaji Wystnbs

F. FAIOIGAOD ]NWSJIWAMADAUANW

Nordy ai tln datakotaji, entnrbain tln nxastnign oie objuit jfaisuroign gjvnrokn ovoadomdn ai yjur gosn. Mnyjie tln jmvajuseasgjvnry rnqunsts, to`n o djj` ot www.sofnrsys.jrk tj entnrbaintln objuit jf gjvnrokn tln trugàik gjbpoiy los jmtoaine.]nbnbmnr tlot 51 GF] § 7<; snts jut tln baiabub dnvnds jffaioigaod rnspjisamadaty fjr trugàik gjbpoians (snn mndjw fjr oglort frjb 51 GF] § 7<;.1). Odsj, at as abpjrtoit tj ijtn tlot jinjf tln uiaqun gjisaenrotajis jf aisuroign gjvnrokn aivjdvaikgjbbnrgaod gorranrs as tln BGW-13 niejrsnbnit. Ulas as o fnenroddyboieotne niejrsnbnit fjr odd gjbbnrgaod gorranrs jvnr ?3,333 dms.,

niogtne tj prnvnit portans aivjdvne ai tln slappaik jf frnaklt frjbeniyaik rnspjisamadaty oie pjaitaik tln faiknr ot nogl jtlnr oietlnrnmy prnvnitaik oie/jr endoyaik rngjvnry tj oi aihurne porty.?56

[lni tryaik tj entnrbain ljw bugl gjvnrokn tln gorranr aivjdvneyjur gosn los, `nnp ai baie tlot sjbntabns o gorranr los snporotndabats fjr tln trogtjr oie tln troadnr (sugl os $? baddaji ji nogl,tjtodaik $= baddaji). Uln gorranr nvni sjbntabns aigduens gjvnroknjf o eravnr os —o pnrbassavn usnr.‒ Ai satuotajis wlnrn tln vnlagdn as

dnosne jut, tln dnssjr boy stadd lovn daomadaty aisuroign ji ats dnosne vnlagdns.

Dorknr trugàik gjbpoians sndf-aisurn up tj o gnrtoai dnvnd, wlagl Alovn snni os lakl os $> baddaji. Ulas goi gousn tln gorranr tj fnndprnssurn fjr fnor jf lovaik oiy gdoabs kj tj tlnar gorranr eun tj ras`jf mnaik erjppne jr glorkne laklnr rotns. (Aisuroign prjvaenrsrnfnr tj o gorranr‑s sofnty rotaiks os oi aieagotjr jf tln da`ndaljje fjrpuiatavn eobokns, ntg.0 tlus, gorranrs‑ prnbaubs orn jftni offngtne

my tlnar pumdagazne sofnty rotaiks.?5; )




>?

Wglneudn jf Dabats―Sumdag Daomadaty

Uypn jf gorraokn Gjbbjeaty troispjrtne Hoiuory

?, ?1<>

(?) Fjr-larn (Ai aitnrstotn jrfjrnaki gjbbnrgn, watl okrjss vnlagdn wnaklt rotaikjf ?3,33? jr bjrn pjuies)

Srjpnrty (ijilozorejus) $;>3,333

(=) Fjr-larn oie Sravotn (Aiaitnrstotn, fjrnaki, jraitrostotn gjbbnrgn, watl okrjss vnlagdn wnaklt rotaikjf ?3,33? jr bjrn pjuies)

Lozorejus sumstoigns, os enfaine ai 51 GF] ?;?.<,troispjrtne ai gorkj toi`s, pjrtomdn toi`s, jrljppnr-typn vnlagdns watl gopogatans ai nxgnss jf7,>33 wotnr koddjis0 jr ai mud` Eavasaji ?.?, ?.= oie?.7 botnraods. Eavasaji =.7, Lozore Xjin O, jrEavasaji 6.?, Sog`aik Krjup A, Lozore Xjin Obotnraod0 ai mud` Eavasaji =.? jr =.=0 jr laklwoyrjutn gjitrjddne quoitatans jf o Gdoss ; botnraod, osenfaine ai 51 GF] ?;7.537

>,333,333

(7) Fjr-larn oie Sravotn (Ai

aitnrstotn jr fjrnakigjbbnrgn, ai oiy quoitaty0jr ai aitrostotn gjbbnrgn,ai mud` jidy0 watl o krjss

vnlagdn wnaklt rotaik jf?3,33? jr bjrn pjuies)

Jad dastne ai 51 GF] ?;=.?3?0 lozorejus wostn,lozorejus botnraods, oie lozorejus sumstoignsenfaine ai 51 GF] ?;?.< oie dastne ai 51 GF]?;=.?3?, mut ijt bnitajine ai (=) omjvn jr (5) mndjw

?,333,333

(5) Fjr-larn oie Sravotn (Aiaitnrstotn jr fjrnakigjbbnrgn, watl o krjss

vnlagdn wnaklt rotaik jf dnsstloi ?3,33? pjuies)

Oiy quoitaty jf Eavasaji ?.?, ?.=, jr ?.7 botnraod0 oiyquoitaty jf o Eavasaji =.7, Lozore Xjin O, jrEavasaji 6.?, Sog`aik Krjup A, Lozore Xjin O

botnraod0 jr laklwoy rjutn gjitrjddne quoitatans jf oGdoss ; botnraod os enfaine ai 51 GF] ?;7.537

>,333,333




>=

Uln Mrj`nr

FO_s

?) [lj nxogtdy as o mrj`nr:=) Ejns o mrj`nr lovn tj lovn outljraty frjb tln fnenrod

kjvnribnit:7) Goi o mrj`nr mn lnde rnspjisamdn fjr o eravnr‑s inkdaknign:5) Orn o mrj`nr‑s ogtavatans kjvnrine my fnenrod rnkudotajis:

[lj as tln Mrj`nr:

Uj rngjvnr bjrn bjiny fjr tljsn natlnr aihurne jr offngtne mytrugàik oggaenits, yju boy lovn tj ej bjrn tloi sun tln gorranr jreravnr. Ai gosns wlnrn yju lovn o gjbbnrgaod gorranr jr eravnrrnspjisamdn fjr o grosl tlot aihurns jr àdds jtlnr eravnrs, ej ijtjvnrdjj` tln orno jf mrj`nr daomadaty. Mrj`nr daomadaty prjvaens oioeeatajiod sjurgn jf rnvniun ai o dowsuat, os wndd os mrj`nr‑saisuroign. My nxobaiaik tlas ospngt jf o gosn, yju goi lndp yjurgdanit rngnavn tln boxabub rngjvnry fjr las jr lnr aihurans oie

djssns.?5< Os easgussne prnvajusdy, bjst aisuroign pjdagans fjrbjtjr gorranrs box jut ot omjut $?,333,333, wlagl ejns ijtoenquotndy gjbpnisotn aihurne pnjpdn jr tlnar fobady bnbmnrs.

Ulus, mrj`nrs prnsnit oijtlnr pjtnitaod ovniun fjr rngjvnraikbjiny eobokns.

Frnaklt mrj`nrs lovn mnni orjuie saign trugàik mnkoi, oie omjutfjrty pnrgnit jf trug` oggaenits aivjdvn o mrj`nr jf tln gorkj. Omrj`nr as oi nitaty tlot ejns ijt troispjrt tln djoe mut enods watl

tln slappnr oie bjtjr gorranr ai orroikaik tln troispjrtotaji. Ulnsn mrj`nrs ogt os tln baeednbni tj jrkoiazn oie pdoi tlntroispjrtotaji jf kjjes my bjtjr gorranrs. Uln mrj`nr noris tlneaffnrnign mntwnni tln objuit oddjttne fjr troispjrtotaji my tlnkjjes rakltfud jwinr oie tln bjiny tln mrj`nr poys tj tln bjtjrgorranr. Ulas typn jf poybnit systnb aignitavazns tln mrj`nr tj faietln djwnst maeenr, tlnrnfjrn boxabazaik tln mrj`nr‑s prjfat.îfjrtuiotndy, tlas systnb los sparodne aitj o invnr-nieaik snorglfjr tln djwnst maeenr, rnkorednss jf —vodun.‒

O fnenroddy rnkudotne frnaklt —mrj`nr‒ as enfaine os tln fjddjwaik8

—o pnrsji, jtlnr tloi o bjtjr gorranr jr oi nbpdjynn jroknit jf o bjtjr gorranr, tlot os o praigapod jr oknit, sndds,jffnrs fjr sodn, inkjtaotns fjr, jr ljdes atsndf jut my




>7

sjdagatotaji, oevnrtasnbnit, jr jtlnrwasn os snddaik,prjvaeaik, jr ossakiaik fjr, troispjrtotaji my bjtjr gorranrfjr gjbpnisotaji.‒?51

Jr8 —o pnrsji wlj, fjr gjbpnisotaji, orroikns, jr jffnrstj orroikn, tln troispjrtotaji jf prjpnrty my oi outljraznebjtjr gorranr.‒?>3

Mrj`nrs orn odsj goddne —frnaklt mrj`nrs‒ jr —tlare porty djkastags‒gjbpoians (7SD).

Bjst mrj`nrs mndanvn tlny goiijt mn gjisaenrne o gorranr mngousntlny ej ijt jwi jr dnosn trug`s. Ulot mndanf as sabpdy wrjik. UlnFnenrod Bjtjr Gorranr Wofnty Ogt ot 51 ^.W.G.O § 73? nt snq.,bo`ns ij sugl rnquarnbnit. Da`nwasn, o mrj`nr, wlj odsj losbjtjr gorranr outljraty, goiijt kuoroitnn endavnry jf o djoe oie staddboaitoai ats stotus os o mrj`nr. O mrj`nr wlj as odsj outljrazne os objtjr gorranr ruis o sakiafagoit ras` wlni at kuoroitnns tln djoeuienr 51 G.F.]. § 7;?.=.

[lot orn tln Mrj`nr‑s ]nspjisamadatans:

Laraik

Mrj`nrs lovn jin portagudordy `ny, nssnitaod rnspjisamadaty8 tj nisurntlny larn sofn bjtjr gorranrs. Uln kninrod rudn as tlot o porty as ijtdaomdn fjr tln inkdaknign jf ats aienpnienit gjitrogtjrs mngousntlny orn ijt ennbne oknits. Ulus, my gdoabaik tln gorranrs tlny

larne wnrn bnrndy aienpnienit gjitrogtjrs, mrj`nrs lovn ai tlnpost nsgopne mnaik lnde daomdn fjr oggaenits gousne my eravnrs.

Mut af mrj`nrs eae ijt prjpnrdy aivnstakotn tln bjtjr gorranrs tlnylarn, tlny goi mn lnde daomdn uienr o tlnjry jf inkdaknit laraik.?>? Omrj`nr‑s daomadaty uienr o tlnjry jf inkdaknit laraik praboradyenpnies ji tln stotn‑s gjbbji dow.?>= Furtlnrbjrn, ]nstotnbnitWngjie jf Ujrts § 5?? prjvaens tlot slappnrs oie mrj`nrs orn daomdnfjr —plysagod lorb tj tlare pnrsjis gousne my foadurn tj nxnrgasn

rnosjiomdn gorn nbpdjy o gjbpntnit oie gornfud gjitrogtjr (o) tjej wjr` wlagl wadd aivjdvn o ras` jf plysagod lorb uidnss at ass`addfuddy oie gornfuddy ejin, jr (m) tj pnrfjrb oiy euty wlagl tlnporty jwns tj tlare pnrsjis.‒ (Wnn mndjw fjr o bjrn gjbpdntneasgussaji jf ovoadomdn tlnjrans jf daomadaty okoaist mrj`nrs.)




>5

Mrj`nrs sljude glng` o gorranr‑s MOWAG sgjrn prajr tj sndngtaik tlotgorranr (snn Gorranr sngtaji fjr entoadne easgussaji jf tln MOWAGsgjrns).?>7 Mut, gurrnitdy, boiy mrj`nrs orn rndyaik sjdndy ji tln

—sofnty rotaik‒ prjvaene my tln FBGWO aistnoe jf aivnstakotaikfurtlnr oie djjàik up tln MOWAGs sgjrn. Ulnrn as o —sofnty rotaik‒boen ovoadomdn my FBGWO oftnr at gjieugts o Gjbpdaoign ]nvanw(G]) oie tlnrn as tln sofnty sgjrn, odsj rnfnrrne tj os MOWAGs.)Djjàik up odd sofnty sgjrns fjr trugàik gjbpoians ovoadomdn as ijto eaffagudt jr dniktly tos`. At as sabpdn tj usn jidain rnsjurgns tjkotlnr aifjrbotaji omjut trugàik gjbpoians oie snn af tlny lovntjis jf prjmdnbs tlot sljude `nnp tlnb frjb mnaik ji tln rjoe.Mrj`nrs lovn o euty tj usn rnosjiomdn gorn wlni engaeaik wlj tlny

woit tj jffnr djoes tj sj tlot jtlnr pnjpdn ji tln rjoe orn ijtnieoiknrne watl uiingnssory ras`s.?>5

Af yju sun o mrj`nr, tln mrj`nr wadd da`ndy bo`n oi orkubnit mosneji tln aeno tlot at ejns ijt lovn tj djj` up tln MOWAG sgjrns tlotorn godgudotne tlrjukl tln FBGWO, saign tlnrn as o easgdoabnr ji ats

wnmsatn aieagotaik tlot tln aifjrbotaji as usne my tln —Oknigy oieNifjrgnbnit Gjbbuiaty.‒ Mrj`nrs wadd odsj oddnkn tlot tlot tlnMOWAG sgjrns orn arrndnvoit. Ulnrn orn stueans tlot wadd suppjrt

tlnar orkubnits. O gjbbjidy usne stuey as jin my [ndds ForkjNquaty ]nsnorgl. Ulas rnsnorgl gdoabne —tlnrn wos ijt bnoiaikfudstotastagod rndotajislap mntwnni tln rnsudts ai tln îsofn Eravaikoie Fotakune Eravaik (LJW) MOWAGs oie grosl frnqunigy mosneji o sobpdn jf =33 jf tln dorknst bjtjr gorranrs ai tln FBGWOgnisus eotomosn jf bjtjr gorranrs.‒?>>

Qju bust mn prnporne tj gjbmot tlnsn orkubnits. ^sn tlnsn

orkubnits oie faie woys tj abpnogl tln rnsnorgl tlot mrj`nrs ornusaik ai tlnar enfnisn. Entnrbain wlj gjieugtne tln rnsnorgl oie wlntlnr jr ijt tlny orn maosne. My abpnoglaik oiy jf tlntlrnotniaik rnsnorgl, yju wadd lovn o mnttnr sljt ot prnsnitaik yjurgdanit‑s saen jf tln stjry tj o hury ijt gjifusne my basdnoeaikaifjrbotaji.

Furtlnrbjrn, tlnrn orn stueans my tln Obnragoi Uroispjrtotaji]nsnorgl Aistatutn suppjrtavn jf tln orkubnit tlot tln MOWAG

sgjrns orn lndpfud ai entnrbaiaik gorranr sofnty. Furtlnrbjrn, aiWglrobb v. Fjstnr (easgussne ai furtlnr entoad mndjw), tln hueknfjuie tlot, oftnr tln mrj`nr ]jmaisji loe easgjvnrne tlot tlntrugàik gjbpoiy Krjff Mrjtlnrs loe o borkaiod sgjrn ji tlnFBGWO wnmsatn, ]jmaisji loe o euty jf rnosjiomdn gorn, wlagl




>>

aigduene furtlnr aiquary.?>6 (Wnn mndjw fjr furtlnr easgussaji jftlnjrans jf daomadaty fjr pursuaik mrj`nrs.)

Ulnjrans jf Wuaik tln Mrj`nr

Inkdaknit Laraik

Ai Wglrobb v. Fjstnr ¼ ]jmaisji wos kroitne subbory huekbnit jiodd gdoabs nxgnpt fjr inkdaknit laraik. Uln gjurt fjuie tlot uienrBorydoie dow, ]jmaisji loe o euty tj usn rnosjiomdn gorn aisndngtaik tln trug`nrs wljb at boaitoais ai ats stomdn jf gorranrs.?>;

—Ulas euty tj usn rnosjiomdn gorn ai tln sndngtajijf gorranrs aigduens, ot dnost, tln sumsaeaory eutans(?) tj glng` tln sofnty stotastags oie nvoduotajis jftln gorranrs watl wljb at gjitrogts ovoadomdn jitln WofnWtot eotomosn boaitoaine my FBWGO, oie(=) tj boaitoai aitnriod rngjres jf tln pnrsji watl

wljb at gjitrogts tj ossurn tlot tlny orn ijtboiapudotaik tlnar musainss progtagns ai jrenr tjovjae uisotasfogtjry WofnWtot rotaiks.‒?><

Uln huekn fjuie tlot enspatn Krjff Mrjtlnrs ijt lovaik oiuisotasfogtjry WofnWtot sgjrn, at wos stadd o borkaiod jin oie tlasabpdane o euty jf furtlnr aiquary. Uln huekn entnrbaine tlot]jmaisji sljude lovn mnni rnosjiomdy odnrtne tj tln fogt tlotKrjff Mrjtlnr‑s eaei‑t lovn o gdnoi mog`krjuie. Ulas gosn snttdnejut jf gjurt oftnr tln huekn loe entnrbaine tln pdoaitaffs boy lovno gdoab fjr inkdaknit laraik.

Ai Hjins v G.L. ]jmaisji [jrdewaen, Aig., uienr Varkaiao dow tln gjurtjidy loe tj oeernss tln inkdaknit laraik jf oi aienpnienitgjitrogtjr saign tln gjurt entnrbaine tlot tln eravnr wos ogjitrogtjr, ijt oi nbpdjynn jf ]jmaisji. Uln gjurt fjuie tlot tlnpdoaitaff loe o vaomdn gdoab fjr inkdaknit laraik jf oi aienpnienitgjitrogtjr, oddjwaik tln gdoab tj survavn subbory huekbnit. Ai tlngjurt‑s rnosjiaik fjr tlas inkdaknit laraik gdoab tj survavn subboryhuekbnit, tlny easgussne § 5?? jf tln ]nstotnbnit (Wngjie) jf

Ujrts (ijtne omjvn). Ulas sngtaji jf tln rnstotnbnit stotns tlnfjddjwaik8

—Oi nbpdjynr as sumhngt tj daomadaty fjr plysagodlorb tj tlare pnrsjis gousne my las foadurn tj




>6

nxnrgasn rnosjiomdn gorn tj nbpdjy o gjbpntnitoie gornfud gjitrogtjr

(o) tj ej wjr` wlagl wadd aivjdvn o ras` jf

plysagod lorb uidnss at as sàddfuddy oiegornfuddy ejin, jr

(m) tj pnrfjrb oiy euty wlagl tln nbpdjynrjwns tj tlare pnrsjis.‒

]nstotnbnit (Wngjie) jf Ujrts § 5?? (?16>). Uln gjurt okrnne watltln pdoaitaff tlot jpnrotaik trogtjr-troadnrs upji pumdag laklwoysaivjdvns o ras` jf plysagod lorb.

Ai Jwnis v. Oitljiy , tln pdoaitaffs‑ gdoab fjr inkdaknign jf oinbpdjynr ai tln sndngtaji oie rntnitaji jf nbpdjynns oieaienpnienit gjitrogtjrs okoaist tln mrj`nr survavne tlnEnfnieoit‑s bjtaji fjr subbory huekbnit. îenr Uniinssnn dow,tln gjurt entnrbaine o rnosjiomdn pnrsji gjude faie tln Enfnieoit

wos inkdaknit ai sndngtaik o gorranr oie tlot Enfnieoit‑s inkdaknignrnsudtne ai tln laraik jf oi uisofn eravnr wljsn gorndnssinss gousnetlas gjddasaji.?>1

Ai BgDoain v. BgDnje, o gosn fadne ai Knjrkao, o trogtjr-troadnr strugò pagùp trug` oie àddne tlrnn pnjpdn oie gratagoddy aihurne twjjtlnrs ai =335.?63 Uln pdoaitaffs trane tj sun tln mrj`nr jf tlntroispjrtotaji troisogtaji0 ljwnvnr, tln mrj`nr prnvoadne ji objtaji fjr subbory huekbnit ji gdoabs jf inkdaknit laraik. Ulngjurt fjuie tln pdoaitaffs eae ijt gatn oiy outljraty tj suppjrt tlnarorkubnit tlot tln mrj`nr sljude mn daomdn fjr laraik tln trugàikgjbpoiy os oi aienpnienit gjitrogtjr mngousn tln ogt jf eravaik o

trogtjr-troadnr as ailnrnitdy eoiknrjus. Sdoaitaffs trane tj ossnrt tlasinkdaknit laraik gdoab okoaist tln mrj`nr fjr laraik tln trugàikgjbpoiy oie okoaist tln mrj`nr fjr laraik tln trug` eravnr. Ulnmrj`nr wji subbory huekbnit bjtajis ji mjtl jf tln inkdaknitlaraik gdoabs pdne my tln pdoaitaffs.

]nspjienot Wupnrajr

Wglrobb v. Fjstnr , 75? F. Wupp. =e >76 (E. Be. =335), orjsn oftnr oi

oggaenit mntwnni o trogtjr-troadnr oie o baijr, Uydnr Wglrobb, wlj wos eravaik o pag`-up trug` watl o possniknr. Fjstnr, tlntrogtjr-troadnr eravnr, foadne tj stjp jr yande tln raklt jf woy tj ji-gjbaik troffag oie Wglrobb‑s trug` gjddaene watl tln trogtjr-




>;

troadnr. Fjstnr loe vajdotne tln ljurs jf snrvagn rnkudotaji myeravaik ai nxgnss jf tln boxabub eravaik ljurs oddjwne.

Wglrobb mrjuklt fjrtl boiy gdoabs okoaist Fjstnr oie tln mrj`nr,G.L. ]jmaisji [jrdewaen, Aig., aigdueaik inkdaknign uienr ornspjienot supnrajr tlnjry gdoabaik tlot Fjstnr ogtne os oi oknit jf]jmaisji ai tln troispjrtotaji jf tln djoe.?6? Ai tlas gosn, G. L.]jmaisji mrj`nrne tln djoe fjr Hospnr Srjeugts, DDG tj lovn tlnarslapbnit troispjrtne my Krjff Mrjtlnrs, wlj nbpdjys Fjstnr.

Odtljukl tln gjurt fjuie tlot ]jmaisji stotne ai tln gjitrogt tlottlny gjitrjddne tln troispjrtotaji jf frnaklt ji mnlodf jf ats

gustjbnrs, ]jmaisji aistrugtne Fjstnr tj godd tlnb earngtdy tjrngnavn tln easpotgl aifjrbotaji, oie tlot ]jmaisji prjvaeneeravaik earngtajis oie rnquarne Fjstnr tj aispngt tln djoe upjipagùp, usn djoe djg`s, oie orroikn fjr tln slapbnit tj mnuidjoene. Uln gjurt stotne tlot —uidnss ]jmaisji loe gjitrjd jvnrFjstnr‑s eravaik tabn oie tln gjieataji ai wlagl ln erjvn, at waddijt mn vagorajusdy daomdn fjr Fjstnr‑s inkdaknign.‒?6= Wuaik tlnmrj`nr uienr o tlnjry jf rnspjienot supnrajr wos uisuggnssfud ai tlasgosn mnfjrn tln îatne Wtotn Eastragt Gjurt jf Borydoie ai =337.

Ai Hjins v. G.L. ]jmaisji [jrdewaen, Aig.,?67 tlnrn wos oi oggaenitmntwnni twj trogtjr-troadnrs. Uln twj trogtjr-troadnrs gjddaene oftnrtln trug` lnoeaik ijrtlmjuie erjvn ogrjss o bneaoi aitjjigjbaik doins jf troffag wlnrn at groslne aitj o trogtjr-troadnr tlot

wos lnoene sjutlmjuie. Uln eravnr tlot gousne tln wrng` eane ottln sgnin wladn tln jtlnr eravn wos snrajusdy aihurne. Uln aihurneeravnr mrjuklt fjrtl gdoabs okoaist boiy pnjpdn, aigdueaik tln

mrj`nr, G.L. ]jmaisji [jrdewaen.

Uln gjurt ai Hjins v. G.L. ]jmaisji oeernssne tln gdoab jfinkdaknign uienr o tlnjry jf rnspjienot supnrajr my faieaik tlot tlninkdaknit eravnr wos oi aienpnienit gjitrogtjr jf ]jmaisji oiemngousn jf tlot, ]jmaisji gjude ijt mn lnde daomdn uienr ornspjienot supnrajr gdoab fjr tln trugàik gjbpoiy jr tln eravnr. Ulngjurt gjisaenrne ]jmaisjis omadaty jr dog` tlnrnjf tj tnrbaiotneravnrs, entnrbain wlagl rjutns eravnrs wjude to`n oie tln

gjbpnisotaji pdois fjr eravnrs. ]jmaisji eae orroikn pagùp eotnsoie tabns fjr tln eravnrs oie rndoyne aifjrbotaji ji entoadsgjignriaik tln gorkj objik jtlnr aifjrbotaji, mut tlnsn tos`s

wnrn ijt aieagotavn jf ]jmaisji lovaik —gjitrjd‒ jvnr tln eravnrjr tln eravnr‑s nbpdjynr.




><

Inkdaknit Nitrustbnit

Uln huekn ai Wglrobb v. Fjstnr quag`dy sljt ejwi tln pdoaitaff‑sottnbpt ot ossnrtaik o gdoab uienr tln tlnjry jf inkdaknitnitrustbnit. Oggjreaik tj Borydoie dow, ]jmaisji gjude ijt mngjisaenrne o suppdanr jf glottnd saign ]jmaisji eae ijt lovn tlnraklt tj gjitrjd tln glottnd, wlagl as ingnssory uienr Borydoie dowtj ossnrt o gdoab jf inkdaknit nitrustbnit. Uln trug` tlot Fjstnr

wos jpnrotaik wos jwine my Krjff Mrjtlnrs, ijt ]jmaisji.

Ai Hjins v. G.L. ]jmaisji [jrdewaen, Aig., tln gjurt odsj sljt ejwi

tln pdoaitaff‑s ottnbpt ot o inkdaknit nitrustbnit gdoab my kroitaiksubbory huekbnit tj tln enfnieoits ji tln assun. Uln gjurtrnhngtne tln orkubnit frjb tln pdoaitaff mngousn uienr Varkaiaodow, tln pdoaitaff innene tj pdnoe tlot tln sumhngt djoe wosailnrnitdy eoiknrjus ai oie jf atsndf, wlagl tlny foadne tj ej.

Oknigy ]ndotajislap

Ai Wpnrd v. G.L. ]jmaisji, Aig., tln gjurt entnrbaine oi oknigyrndotajislap nxastne mntwnni tln mrj`nr, G.L. ]jmaisji, oie tlneravnr, EnOi Lniry.?65 Aitnrnstaikdy, tln hury eae ijt faie oioknigy rndotajislap mntwnni G.L. ]jmaisji oie Lniry‑s nbpdjynr.Lniry wos troispjrtaik o djoe jf pjtotjns wlni sln gousne obudtapdn-gor oggaenit, `addaik twj pnjpdn oie snrajusdy aihuraikoijtlnr. Ot traod, tln pdoaitaffs prnsnitne nxtnisavn nvaenign jf tlngjitrjd tlot G.L. ]jmaisji loe jvnr Lniry. G.L. ]jmaisjigjitrjddne ljw Lniry wos poae oie prjvaene tln pjtotjns fjr

endavnry. Ulnsn twj faieaiks, objik jtlnr suppjrtaik nvaenign, dnetln hury tj nitnr o huekbnit ai fovjr jf pdoaitaffs fjr $=7,;;>,333.




>1

Uln Eravnr

FO_s

?) Bust tln eravnr mn omdn tj spno` oie uienrstoieNikdasl:

=) As at dnkod fjr o tnnioknr mn o GBV eravnr:7) As at dnkod fjr o eaomntag mn o GBV eravnr:5) [lot àie jf ejgubnits sljude tln eravnr lovn:>) As tln eravnr rnspjisamdn fjr aispngtaik las trug`:

6)

Fjr wlot odd ejns o eravnr lovn tj glng` las trug`mnfjrn stortaik jut ji o hjm:

;) [lot loppnis af o eravnr as gatne fjr budtapdntroffag dow vajdotajis:

<) Ejns tln eravnr inne tj lovn bngloiagodìjwdnekn omjut las trug`:

1) Goi tln eravnr mn lnde rnspjisamdn fjr foddaikosdnnp ji tln rjoe:

?3) As o eravnr rnspjisamdn fjr gorkj tlot nsgopne jrspaddne oie lat oijtlnr eravnr:

Aitrjeugtaji

Uln farst —[lj tj Wun‒ tj gjisaenr as tln eravnr, jr jpnrotjr jf tlngjbbnrgaod bjtjr vnlagdn (GBV). Urogtjr troadnr eravnrs jpnrotnnxtrnbndy dorkn vnlagdns tlot lovn tln gopomadaty tj gousn o krnot

enod jf lorb. Eravnrs, os wndd os tln gjbpoians tlot nbpdjy tlnb,bust fjddjw rnkudotajis tlot jtlnr eravnrs eji‑t. Eravnrs rngnavntroaiaik tlot tln rnst jf tln bjtjraik pumdag ejns ijt.Gjisnqunitdy, eravnrs lovn o krnotnr jmdakotaji tj sofnty tloijtlnrs ji tln rjoe.

O prabory fjgus jf entnrbaiaik wlntlnr o trug` eravnr gjude lovnprnvnitne o grosl as ijt ji tln pjtnitaoddy eoiknrjus satuotajioijtlnr los gousne, mut aistnoe ji tln eravnr‑s abprjpnr ogtajis jr

foadurn tj ogt ai ovjaeaik tln eoiknr prnsnitne. Ulas opprjoglsljude mn nvoduotne ai nvnry trugàik gosn. Boiy trug` oggaenitsgjude mn ovjaene oie gjisnqunitdy boiy davns sovne af trugèravnrs wadd gjrrngtdy rnspjie tj eoiknrjus satuotajis rnkorednss jf

wlntlnr tln eravnr grnotne tln eoiknr.




63

At as gratagod tj ìjw wlj tln eravnr as, jr ot dnost sljude mn,

aigdueaik las prjfnssajiod oie plysagod quodafagotajis oie rnquarneìjwdnekn oie sàdds. Ulas sngtaji odsj oeernssns tln eravnr‑s jwirnspjisamadatans wladn ji tln rjoe oie mnfjrn oie oftnr tlntroispjrtotaji jf nogl djoe. Os prnvajusdy ijtne, tlnsn orn enfainemy fnenrod, stotn, oie djgod rnkudotajis os wndd os aieustry stoieores.

O eravnr los boiy rnspjisamadatans, aigdueaik snnbaikdy baijr jins,mut o eravnr‑s vajdotaji jf oiy jf las rnspjisamadatans gjude mn o `nyai yjur gosn.

Jutdaine ai entoad mndjw, tln eravnr‑s rnspjisamadatans orn mnstsubborazne my 51 G.F.]. § 7<>, Oppnieax O, wlagl stotns tlnfjddjwaik8 —‑Af o eravnr, wlj nxnrgasns ijrbod huekbnit oiefjrnsaklt, gjude lovn fjrnsnni tln pjssamadaty jf tln oggaenit tlot aifogt jggurrne, oie ovjaene at my toàik stnps watlai las/lnr gjitrjd

wlagl wjude ijt lovn ras`ne gousaik oijtlnr àie jf baslop, tlnoggaenit wos prnvnitomdn.‑‒?6>

[lj as tln Eravnr:

Urug` eravnrs bust bnnt gnrtoai mosag quodafagotajis tj gjbpdy watlfnenrod rnkudotajis. Mndjw orn glng`dasts jf tlnsn mosags.

Snr 51 G.F.]. § 71?.??, tln eravnr bust lovn tln fjddjwaikquodafagotajis8

—As ot dnost =? ynors jde0 Goi rnoe oie spno` tln Nikdasl doikuokn suffaganitdy tj

gjivnrsn watl tln kninrod pumdag, tj uienrstoie laklwoytroffag sakis oie sakiods ai tln Nikdasl doikuokn, tj rnspjietj jffagaod aiquarans, oie tj bo`n nitrans ji rnpjrts oierngjres0

Goi, my rnosji jf nxpnranign, troaiaik, jr mjtl, sofndyjpnrotn tln typn jf gjbbnrgaod bjtjr vnlagdn ln/slneravns0

As plysagoddy quodafane tj eravn o gjbbnrgaod bjtjr vnlagdnai oggjreoign watl sumport N ‗ Slysagod _uodafagotajis oieNxobaiotajis jf tlas port0

Los o gurrnitdy vodae gjbbnrgaod bjtjr vnlagdn jpnrotjr'sdagnisn assune jidy my jin Wtotn jr huraseagtaji0




6?

Los prnporne oie furiaslne tln bjtjr gorranr tlot nbpdjyslab/lnr watl tln dast jf vajdotajis jr tln gnrtafagotn os

rnquarne my § 71?.=;0 As ijt easquodafane tj eravn o gjbbnrgaod bjtjr vnlagdn

uienr tln rudns ai § 71?.?>0 oie

Los suggnssfuddy gjbpdntne o eravnr's rjoe tnst oie losmnni assune o gnrtafagotn jf eravnr's rjoe tnst ai oggjreoign

watl § 71?.7?, jr los prnsnitne oi jpnrotjr's dagnisn jr ognrtafagotn jf rjoe tnst wlagl tln bjtjr gorranr tlotnbpdjys lab/lnr los oggnptne os nquavodnit tj o rjoe tnstai oggjreoign watl § 71?.77.‒?66

Eravnrs bust odsj lovn tln fjddjwaik ìjwdnekn oie sàdd snt, pnr51 G.F.]. § 7<7.???8

Wofn jpnrotajis rnkudotajis Wofn vnlagdn gjitrjd systnbs GBV sofnty gjitrjd systnbs Mosag gjitrjd

Wlaftaik Mogàik Vasuod snorgl Gjbbuiagotaji

Wpnne boioknbnit Iaklt jpnrotaji Nxtrnbn eravaik gjieatajis Lozore pnrgnptajis Nbnrknigy boinuvnrs

Wàe gjitrjd oie rngjvnry ]ndotajislap jf gorkj tj

vnlagdn gjitrjd Vnlagdn aispngtajis Lozorejus botnraods

Bjuitoai eravaik Fotakun oie oworninss Oar mro`ns

Gjbmaiotaji vnlagdns?6;




6=

Uln eravnr bust odsj bnnt tln mndjw plysagod baiabubs. —Opnrsji as plysagoddy quodafane tj eravn o gjbbnrgaod bjtjr vnlagdn af

tlot pnrsji8

(?) Los ij djss jf o fjjt, o dnk, o loie, jr oi orb, jr los mnnikroitne o sàdd pnrfjrboign nvoduotaji gnrtafagotn pursuoittj §71?.510

(=) Los ij abpoarbnit jf8(a) O loie jr faiknr wlagl aitnrfnrns watl prnlnisaji jr

pjwnr krospaik0 jr(aa) Oi orb, fjjt, jr dnk wlagl aitnrfnrns watl tln omadaty tj

pnrfjrb ijrbod tos`s ossjgaotne watl jpnrotaik ogjbbnrgaod bjtjr vnlagdn0 jr oiy jtlnr sakiafagoitdabm enfngt jr dabatotaji wlagl aitnrfnrns watl tlnomadaty tj pnrfjrb ijrbod tos`s ossjgaotne watljpnrotaik o gjbbnrgaod bjtjr vnlagdn0 jr los mnnikroitne o sàdd pnrfjrboign nvoduotaji gnrtafagotnpursuoit tj §71?.51.

(7) Los ij nstomdaslne bneagod lastjry jr gdaiagod eaokijsas jf

eaomntns bnddatus gurrnitdy rnquaraik aisudai fjr gjitrjd0(5)

Los ij gurrnit gdaiagod eaokijsas jf byjgoreaod aiforgtaji,oikaio pngtjras, gjrjiory aisuffaganigy, tlrjbmjsas, jr oiyjtlnr goreajvosgudor easnosn jf o voranty ìjwi tj mnoggjbpoiane my syigjpn, eyspino, gjddopsn, jr gjiknstavngoreaog foadurn0

(>) Los ij nstomdaslne bneagod lastjry jr gdaiagod eaokijsas jfo rnsparotjry eysfuigtaji da`ndy tj aitnrfnrn watl las/lnromadaty tj gjitrjd oie eravn o gjbbnrgaod bjtjr vnlagdn

sofndy0(6) Los ij gurrnit gdaiagod eaokijsas jf lakl mdjje prnssurn

da`ndy tj aitnrfnrn watl las/lnr omadaty tj jpnrotn ogjbbnrgaod bjtjr vnlagdn sofndy0

(;) Los ij nstomdaslne bneagod lastjry jr gdaiagod eaokijsas jfrlnubotag, ortlratag, jrtljpneag, busgudor, inurjbusgudor,jr vosgudor easnosn wlagl aitnrfnrns watl las/lnr omadaty tjgjitrjd oie jpnrotn o gjbbnrgaod bjtjr vnlagdn sofndy0

(<) Los ij nstomdaslne bneagod lastjry jr gdaiagod eaokijsas jf

npadnpsy jr oiy jtlnr gjieataji wlagl as da`ndy tj gousn djssjf gjisgajusinss jr oiy djss jf omadaty tj gjitrjd ogjbbnrgaod bjtjr vnlagdn0




67

(1)

Los ij bnitod, inrvjus, jrkoiag, jr fuigtajiod easnosn jrpsyglaotrag easjrenr da`ndy tj aitnrfnrn watl las/lnr omadaty

tj eravn o gjbbnrgaod bjtjr vnlagdn sofndy0(?3) Los eastoit vasuod oguaty jf ot dnost =3/53 (Winddni) ai nogl

nyn watljut gjrrngtavn dnisns jr vasuod oguaty snporotndygjrrngtne tj =3/53 (Winddni) jr mnttnr watl gjrrngtavndnisns, eastoit maijgudor oguaty jf ot dnost =3/53 (Winddni)ai mjtl nyns watl jr watljut gjrrngtavn dnisns, fande jf

vasaji jf ot dnost ;3³ ai tln ljrazjitod Bnraeaoi ai noglnyn, oie tln omadaty tj rngjkiazn tln gjdjrs jf troffag sakiodsoie envagns sljwaik stoieore rne, krnni, oie obmnr0

(??)

Farst pnrgnavns o fjrgne wlaspnrne vjagn ai tln mnttnr nor otijt dnss tloi > fnnt watl jr watljut tln usn jf o lnoraik oaejr, af tnstne my usn jf oi oueajbntrag envagn, ejns ijt lovnoi ovnrokn lnoraik djss ai tln mnttnr nor krnotnr tloi 53engamnds ot >33 Lz, ?,333 Lz, oie =,333 Lz watl jr

watljut o lnoraik oae wlni tln oueajbntrag envagn asgodamrotne tj Obnragoi Iotajiod Wtoieore (fjrbnrdy OWOWtoieore) X=5.>―?1>?.

(?=)

Ejns ijt usn oiy eruk jr sumstoign aenitafane ai =? GF]?73<.?? Wglneudn A, oi obplntobain, o iorgjtag, jr jtlnrlomat-fjrbaik eruk.

(?7) Ejns ijt usn oiy iji-Wglneudn A eruk jr sumstoign tlot asaenitafane ai tln jtlnr Wglneudns ai =? port ?73< nxgnpt

wlni tln usn as prnsgramne my o dagnisne bneagodprogtatajinr, os enfaine ai § 7<=.?3;, wlj as fobadaor watltln eravnr‑s bneagod lastjry oie los oevasne tln eravnr tlottln sumstoign wadd ijt oevnrsndy offngt tln eravnr‑s omadaty tj

sofndy jpnrotn o gjbbnrgaod bjtjr vnlagdn.(?5) Los ij gurrnit gdaiagod eaokijsas jf odgjljdasb.‒?6<

[ladn ijt earngtdy easgussne ai tln rnkudotajis, o =3?5 stuey fjuietlot inw oie vnry jmnsn eravnrs —lovn o bugl laklnr grosl rotntloi tlnar gjddnokuns wlj orn ijt gjisaenrne jmnsn.‒?61 Furtlnrbjrn,

—[ladn tln stuey eaei‑t spngafagoddy paipjait tln gousn fjr

tln aigrnosne grosl ras`, Mur`s Ptln dnoenr jf tln stueyRsukknsts tln gudprat as da`ndy fotakun gousne my jmstrugtavnsdnnp opino (JWO). P. . .R Mur`s mndanvns ai oeeataji tjJWO, jmnsn eravnrs boy mn offngtne watl eoytabn




65

sdnnpainss ijt rndotne tj JWO oie dabatne okadaty tlot boygjitramutn tj fotakun oie aigrnosne grosl ras`.‒?;3

(Wnn Gloptnr Ulrnn fjr bjrn ai-enptl easgussaji jf eravnr fotakun.)

GED ]nqs8

[lot af tln eravnr wlj `addne yjur gdanit‑s fobady wos ijt o fuddydagnisne eravnr: [os ln eravaik watl jidy o pnrbat, oie wos lasdagnisne —gj-eravnr‒ osdnnp: Fnenrod rnkudotajis lovn rnquarneeravnrs jf gjbbnrgaod vnlagdns tj jmtoai o gjbbnrgaod eravnr‑sdagnisn (GED) saign ?11=.?;? Ulus, tln FBGWO los pumdaslne otnbpdotn GED boiuod (GEDB), prjvaeaik o baiabub stoieore fjrstotns tj rnquarn jf ats eravnrs.?;= Nogl stotn‑s GEDB boy mn uiaqunsaign stotns boy oee tj tln fnenrod rnkudotajis?;7(tljukl Odomobo‑ssnnbs tj mn nssnitaoddy aenitagod tj tln FBGWO‑s tnbpdotn).

Fjr o eravnr tj jmtoai o Gjbbnrgaod Eravnr‑s Dagnisn (GED), lnbust farst jmtoai o dnorinr‑s pnrbat. Uj ej sj, ln bust lovn las

eravaik rngjre glng`ne ai odd stotns (os wndd os E.G.) oie bust mraikprjjf tlot ln as bneagoddy quodafane watl o EJU bneagod gore oieprjjf jf o plysagod gjieugtne my o gnrtafane bneagod nxobainr.Slysagods bust mn gjbpdntne ot dnost nvnry twj ynors my o gnrtafanebneagod nxobainr.

(Fnenrod Bjtjr Gorranr Wofnty Oebaiastrotaji, ^.W. Enportbnit jf Uroispjrtotaji, —EJU ]nbaies Gjbbnrgaod Eravnrs tlotSlysagods Bust Ijw Mn Snrfjrbne my Gnrtafane Bneagod

Nxobainrs,‒ Boy =?, =3?5,lttp8//www.fbgso.ejt.kjv/inwsrjjb/ejt-rnbaies-gjbbnrgaod-eravnrs-plysagods-bust-ijw-mn-pnrfjrbne-gnrtafane-bneagod-nxobainrs.)

—FBGWO nstomdaslns o Iotajiod ]nkastry jf Gnrtafane BneagodNxobainrs (Iotajiod ]nkastry) watl rnquarnbnits tlot oddbneagod nxobainrs wlj gjieugt plysagod nxobaiotajis fjraitnrstotn gjbbnrgaod bjtjr vnlagdn (GBV) eravnrs bnnt tln

fjddjwaik gratnrao8

Gjbpdntn gnrtoai troaiaik gjignriaik FBGWO's plysagodquodafagotaji stoieores,




6>

poss o tnst tj vnrafy oi uienrstoieaik jf tljsn stoieores,oie

boaitoai oie enbjistrotn gjbpntnign tlrjukl pnrajeagtroaiaik oie tnstaik.‒?;5

[atl o pnrbat, o eravnr as jidy outljrazne tj eravn o gjbbnrgaod vnlagdn watl o quodafane dagnisn ljdenr inxt tj lab. Ln goi jidyjmtoai las dagnisn oftnr lovaik loe tln pnrbat fjr fjurtnni eoysmnfjrn toàik tln sàdds tnst. Ai sjbn stotns, ln wjude odsj lovn tjgjbpdntn o GED troaiaik mnfjrn toàik tln tnst. Uln tnst los tlrnnports tlot bust mn possne ‗ o vnlagdn aispngtaji tnst, mosag gjitrjdstnst, oie rjoe tnst.

[lot orn tln Eravnr‑s ]nspjisamadatans:

Jin jf tln bjst gratagod fogtjrs ai o trugàik gosn as jf gjursn wlntlnr tln eravnr wos eravaik rnspjisamdy. Eae tln eravnr aispngtlas trug` os ln as suppjsne tj mnfjrn stortaik jut ji las eravn: Loe

ln mnni ejgubnitaik entoads oggurotndy oie tljrjukldy, sj tlngorranr wos omdn tj prjpnrdy boaitoai tln vnlagdn jr nisurn ln woseravaik sofndy: As ln o gorndnss eravnr: Eae ln lovn jin jr twj jrsnvnrod troffag vajdotajis: Af ln eae, eae ln rnpjrt tlnb tj lasnbpdjynr os ln as rnquarne tj:

Os bnitajine ai Gloptnr Jin, tln trugàik aieustry los mosagstoieores at nxpngts eravnrs tj bnnt. Ulnsn stoieores orn jftniomjvn oie mnyjie fnenrod jr stotn rnkudotajis oie orn pumdaslne my

nitatans sugl os H.H. @nddnr & Ossjgaotns oie tln Wbatl Wystnb. Aitln mndjw easgussaji jf o eravnr‑s ingnssory prngoutajis, wnpraborady usne Odomobo‑s GED Boiuod mut odsj aigjrpjrotnekuaeoign frjb H.H. @nddnr oie tln Wbatl Wystnb.

O. EJG^BNIUOUAJI

O eravnr‑s ejgubnits (jr dog` tlnrnjf) wadd mn o trnosurn trjvn jfaifjrbotaji tj yju os o progtatajinr. Fjr nxobpdn, o eravnr as

rnquarne tj prjeugn —Eravnr Vnlagdn Nxobaiotaji ]npjrts‒ ot tlnnie jf nogl wjr` eoy (snn mndjw rnkoreaik wlot entoads aispngtajisorn tj aigduen).?;> Furtlnrbjrn, ji nogl aispngtaji rnpjrt, tlneravnr bust ijtn (oie saki) wlntlnr jr ijt tlnrn wnrn oiyenfaganigans jr enfngts.?;6 Uj tln progtatajinr tryaik tj sjdaeafy las




66

strotnky ai o gdoab okoaist tln trug` eravnr, tlnsn ejgubnits orn o`ny sjurgn, nspngaoddy af o bngloiagod foadurn gjitramutne tj tln

grosl.

Oeeatajioddy, o eravnr bust odsj prjpnrdy ejgubnit las ljurs jfsnrvagn. O progtatajinr sljude ijtn af tln eravnr los rngjreneabprjmomdn jr abpjssamdn ljurs fjr tln troispjrtotaji oie endavnryjf o djoe. Oi nrrjr wos gdnordy boen af tln eravnr rngjres trovndaik=33 badns ai jidy oi ljur jr o sabador abpjssamdn sgnioraj. Wugl orngjre gjude aieagotn addnkod eravaik spnnes oie/jr sjbn jtlnruisofn mnlovajr tln eravnr waslns tj laen. Fodsafane djk mjj`s ornsoedy quatn gjbbji. Mndjw orn `ny taps tj aenitafyaik fodsafanedjks8

?) —Nxgnssavn badnokn fjr tln tabn trovndne‒=) —Urug` eravnr‑s gurrnit rngjre jf euty stotus‒7) —Aenitagod ruis‒5) —Jidy ji-euty eravaik tabn‒>) —Unob djks ej ijt botgl‒?;;

M.

AIWSNGUAJIW

Mnfjrn mnkaiiaik o hjuriny, tln eravnr as rnquarne my fnenrodrnkudotajis tj mn —sotasfane‒ tlot mosag mut spngafag nquapbnit oieports orn —ovoadomdn‒ oie —ai kjje wjràik jrenr.‒?;< Uln eravnr asodsj rnquarne tj glng` tlot nvnrytlaik, aigdueaik tln gorkj, asprjpnrdy eastramutne oie sngurne.?;1 —Faioddy, tln eravnr bust rnvanwtln dost eravnr‑s vnlagdn aispngtaji rnpjrt (EVA]) oie saki at af

enfngts jr enfaganigans wnrn rnpjrtne.‒?<3

Furtlnr, tln GEDB prjvaens entoadne glng`dasts jf ijt jidy tlnbohjr nquapbnit jr ports tj aispngt, mut odsj tln typns jf enfngtsoie wnor oie tnor fjr wlagl tln eravnr sljude mn djjàik. Snr tlnGEDB, tln eravnr bust gjbpdntn o prn-trap aispngtaji tj ovjae oioggaenit jr mrnoèjwi.?<? Uln GEDB oevasns opprjoglaik tln

vnlagdn jmsnrvoitdy oie usaik tln fjddjwaik snvni-stnp aispngtajibntlje8

(?)

—Ej o vnlagdn jvnrvanw.‒(=) —Glng` nikain

gjbportbnit.‒

(7)

—Wtort nikain oie aispngtaisaen tln gom.‒

(5) —Uuri jff nikain oie glng`daklts.‒




6;

(>) —Ej wod`-orjuieaispngtaji.‒

(6)

—Glng` sakiod daklts.‒

(;) —Wtort tln nikain oieglng`.‒?<=

Uln GEDB‑s entoadne —sum-stnps‒ watlai tlnsn stnps aigduen suglsofnty bnosurns os tnstaik tln mro`ns, glngàik tln gorkjsngurnbnits, boàik surn tln dagnisn pdotn(s) as gdnoi oie sngurn,nisuraik tln rnfdngtjrs orn gdnoi watl tln prjpnr gjdjr, ntg.?<7 UlnGEDB odsj oevasns aispngtajis euraik traps, aigdueaik wotglaikkoukns oie glngàik ot stjps tln tarns, wlnnds, rabs, mro`ns, daklts,rnfdngtjrs, mro`ns, ndngtragod gjiingtajis, gjupdaik envagns, oiegorkj sngurnbnit envagns.?<5

Dostdy, ot tln —gjbpdntaji jf nogl eoy‑s wjr`,‒ tln eravnr bustgjbpdntn oi aispngtaji tlot bust aigduen ot dnost tln fjddjwaik8

?. Wnrvagn mro`ns,aigdueaik troadnr mro`ngjiingtajis

=.

Soràik mro`n7.

Wtnnraik bngloiasb5. Dakltaik envagns oie

rnfdngtjrs>. Uarns

6. Ljri;. [aieslande wapnrs<. ]nor vasaji barrjrs

1.

Gjupdaik envagns?3.

[lnnds oie rabs??. Nbnrknigy

nquapbnit.?<>

(Uln eravnr ejns ijt lovn tj `nnp lnr rnpjrt ai tln vnlagdn oie goiaistnoe fadn at abbneaotndy.?<6 )




6<

^dtabotndy, os ensgramne my H.H. @nddnr, —eravnrs orn rnquarne tj

glng` tlnar djoes8

Mnfjrn tln trap storts, [atlai tln farst fafty badns oftnr mnkaiiaik tln trap, oie [lninvnr tln eravnr bo`ns o gloikn jf euty stotus jr oftnr

tln vnlagdn los mnni eravni fjr tlrnn ljurs jr ?>3 badns, wlaglnvnr jggurs farst.‒?<;

Djgotajis sugl os wnakl stotajis oie pjrtomdn sgodns (wlagl usn tlnGjbbnrgaod Bjtjr Vnlagdn Wofnty Oddaoign aispngtaji stoieoresoie tln FBGW]) gjieugt rjoesaen aispngtajis.?<< Oftnr sugl oiaispngtaji my o stotn jr FBGWO jffagaod, tln eravnr bust —endavnrtln rnpjrt tj tln bjtjr gorranr upji orravod ot tln inxt tnrbaiod jrfogadaty. Af tln eravnr as ijt sglneudne tj orravn ot o tnrbaiod jrfogadaty watlai =5 ljurs, ln/sln bust abbneaotndy boad tln rnpjrttj tln gorranr.‒?<1

G.

MOWAG JSN]OUAJI

?.

Uroffag Vajdotajis

[atl tln nxgnptaji jf poràik tag`nts, o eravnr bust rnpjrt tj lasnbpdjynr oiy rngnavne troffag vajdotaji watlai tlarty eoys jfgjivagtaji. Af o eravnr los mngjbn easquodafane my suspnisaji,rnvjgotaji, jr goignddotaji jf las dagnisn, tln eravnr as rnquarne tjijtafy las nbpdjynr my tln nie jf tln inxt musainss eoy. Snrlops

tln eravnr mnkoi eravaik mnfjrn las easquodafagotaji tabn pnrajenxparne0 af sj, ln wjude mn easquodafane fjr tln fjddjwaik fudd ynor.

Wpnneaik8

Af tln eravnr wos spnneaik ot tln tabn jf tln oggaenit, tlas as gdnordyo gratagod fogtjr ai yjur gosn. —P. . .R O vnlagdn eravaik >> bpl waddtrovnd lodf tln dniktl jf o fjjtmodd fande ai hust twj sngjies.‒?13

Ulnrnfjrn, o trug` eravaik ot ;> bpl ai o 6> bpl zjin as o easostnr

mjuie tj loppni. —Uln fostnr yju eravn, tln krnotnr tln abpogt jrstraàik pjwnr jf yjur vnlagdn.‒?1? O eravnr‑s mroàik eastoign asiain tabns krnotnr ot 63 bpl tloi =3 bpl oie as djiknr tloi ofjjtmodd fande.?1= Oggjreaik tj tln FBGWO8




61

—[lnrn tln tjtod trap as ji laklwoys watl o spnne dabat jf6> bpl, traps jf >>3-633 badns gjbpdntne ai ?3 ljurs orn

gjisaenrne qunstajiomdn oie tln bjtjr gorranr boy mnos`ne tj ejgubnit tlot sugl traps goi mn boen. Uraps jf633 badns jr bjrn wadd mn ossubne tj mn aigopomdn jfmnaik gjbpdntne watl jut PsagR vajdotajis jf tln spnnedabats oie boy mn rnquarne tj mn ejgubnitne. Ai ornos

wlnrn o >> bpl spnne dabat as ai nffngt, traps jf 5>3->33badns orn jpni tj qunstaji, oie ruis jf >33 badns jr bjrnorn gjisaenrne aigopomdn jf mnaik boen ai gjbpdaoign watltln spnne dabat oie ljurs jf snrvagn dabatotaji.‒?17

Unxtaik8

Qju lovn snni at. Qju orn eravaik ejwi tln rjoe, ijtagn o eravnrolnoe swnrvaik o dattdn, oie tlni jmsnrvn os yju poss tln eravnr tlotsln los lnr lnoe ejwi oie lnr loie up…watl o pljin ai lnrloie. Uln trug` eravnr ai yjur gosn baklt lovn odsj mnni tnxtaik.Ai jin gosn, o wjbni‑s gjddnkn sjftmodd tnob suffnrne tln djss jf

fjur bnbmnrs eun tj oi oggaenit aivjdvaik tlnar mus oie o trug`0 at wos mndanvne tlot tln trug` eravnr wos eastrogtne.?15 Ai =3?7, odbjst?6,333 trug`nrs wnrn tag`ntne fjr tnxtaik wladn eravaik (mut —jidyfjur aieavaeuods loe tlnar dagnisns suspniene oie wnrn to`ni jfftln rjoe‒).?1> —Oggjreaik tj tln FBGWO, gjbbnrgaod vnlagdneravnrs wlj ogtavndy tnxt wladn eravaik orn =7.= tabns bjrn da`ndy tjmn PaiR oi oggaenit tloi jtlnr GBV eravnrs.‒?16

Odnrt eravnrs rnbnbmnr tln fjddjwaik mosag fjrbudo8 —pnrgnptaji

eastoign + rnogtaji eastoign + mro`aik eastoign 2 tjtod stjppaikeastoign.‒?1; —Uln ovnrokn pnrgnptaji tabn fjr oi odnrt eravnr as ? ¹sngjies. Ot >> bpl, tlas oggjuits fjr ?5= fnnt trovndne.‒?1< —Aferavnrs rnogt o lodf-sngjie sdjwnr mngousn jf eastrogtajis, groslnsejumdn,‒ oggjreaik tj tln GEDB.?11 Ai Boy =3?=, tln FBGWOpumdaslne o —Ij Unxtaik ]udn Fogt Wlnnt,‒ wlagl subborazne atsrudn my stotaik8 —At‑s vnry nosy tj gjbpdy watl tln inw rudns8 ijrnoglaik, ij ljdeaik, ij eaodaik, ij tnxtaik, ij rnoeaik.‒ =33

Uln FBGWO furtlnr enfains —tnxtaik‒ watl tln fjddjwaik8

—Unxtaik bnois boiuoddy nitnraik tnxt aitj, jr rnoeaik tnxtfrjb, oi ndngtrjiag envagn.‒




;3

—Unxtaik aigduens (mut as ijt dabatne tj), sljrt bnssokn

snrvagns, n-boadaik, aistoit bnssokaik, o gjbboie jr

rnqunst tj oggnss o [nm pokn, prnssaik bjrn tloi o saikdnmuttji tj aiataotn jr tnrbaiotn o godd usaik o bjmadntndnpljin, jr nikokaik ai oiy jtlnr fjrb jf ndngtrjiag tnxtrntranvod jr nitry, fjr prnsnit jr futurn gjbbuiagotaji.‒=3?

Mut tnxtaik ejns ijt aigduen tln mndjw8

—Aiputtaik, sndngtaik, jr rnoeaik aifjrbotaji ji o kdjmodpjsatajiaik systnb jr iovakotaji systnb0 jr

Srnssaik o saikdn muttji tj aiataotn jr tnrbaiotn o vjagngjbbuiagotaji usaik o bjmadn tndnpljin0 jr

^saik o envagn gopomdn jf pnrfjrbaik budtapdn fuigtajis (n.k.,

fdnnt boioknbnit systnbs, easpotglaik envagns, sbort pljins,gataznis moie roeajs, busag pdoynrs, ntg.) fjr o purpjsn tlot asijt jtlnrwasn prjlamatne ai tlas port.‒=3=

(Ijtn tlot tlnrn as oi nxgnptaji ai nbnrknigans8 eravnrs boy usn o

loielnde gndd pljin tj gjitogt dow nifjrgnbnit jffagaods oie jtlnrnbnrknigy snrvagns.=37 )

Jtlnr vajdotajis8

Qju sljude odsj gjifarb tln eravnr‑s dagnisn loe ijt mnni rnvj`ne(jr sljude ijt lovn mnni). O eravnr goi mn easquodafane frjb usaiklas GED af ln gjbbats oiy jf tln fjddjwaik8

bohjr jffnisns0 sngjie jffnisn snrajus troffag vajdotajis0

roadrjoe-laklwoy kroen grjssaik jffnisns0

vajdotajis jf jut-jf-snrvagn jrenrs oie abpdane gjisnit

dows0

jr jpnrotaji jf o vnlagdn watl o GED frjb o engnrtafane

stotn.=35

Oeeatajiod typns jf vajdotajis aigduen tln fjddjwaik8

(?) —spnneaik ai nxgnss jf ?> bpl jvnr tln spnne dabat0(=) eravaik rng`dnssdy0(7) bo`aik abprjpnr jr nrrotag doin gloikns0(5) fjddjwaik tln vnlagdn olnoe tjj gdjsndy0




;?

(>)

vajdotaik oiy bjtjr vnlagdn troffag gjitrjd dow orasaikai gjiingtaji watl o fotod oggaenit0 jr

(6)

eravaik watljut o gjbbnrgaod eravnr‑s dagnisn.‒=3>

Uln eravnr gjude odsj lovn mnni ruiiaik o rne daklt, boàik o ^-turi, boàik o raklt turi ji rne wlnrn prjlamatne, boàik oeoiknrjus dnft turi, foadaik tj usn las turi sakiod, ntg. Ai oeeataji,eravnrs orn prjlamatne frjb usaik jr pjssnssaik roeor entngtjrs.=36

Jtlnr rnkudotajis aigduen nxtro gorn ot roadrjoe grjssaiks, prjpnrsakiods ai oi nbnrknigy, troispjrtotaji jf jidy outljrazne pnrsjis.

O iubmnr jf tlnsn oeeatajiod rnquarnbnits orn nxobaine bjrn aitln mndjw sngtaji envjtne tj eravaik sofndy, wlagl rnfdngts mjtlrnkudotajis oie kninrod nxpngtotajis jr aieustry stoieores.

=. Wofn Eravaik Srogtagns oie ]nquarnbnits

(Snr Aieustry Wtoieores oie tln GEDB)

Ijtn8 [lni o eravnr as troispjrtaik o gjbmaiotaji jr toi` djoe,tln mndjw prngoutajis orn nvni bjrn snrajus mngousn tln eoiknrsorn nxokknrotne my tljsn typns jf djoes. (OOBVO, GjbbnrgaodEravnr Dagnisn Boiuod/=33> Bjend Gjbbnrgaod Eravnr‑s Dagnisn Boiuod 6-7 (Hudy =3?3),lttp8//eps.odomobo.kjv/Ejgubnits/Boiuods/GEDBoiuod.pef.)

Uln GEDB los sabador, spngaod rnquarnbnits fjr aispngtaji oieeravaik jf tlnsn uiaqun typns jf djoes.

O eravnr, pnr tln GEDB, as nxpngtne tj ìjw tln mosags jfoggndnrotaik, stnnraik, stjppaik, oie mogàik sofndy.=3; Fjr nxobpdn,o eravnr sljude ìjw ljw tj ovjae rjddaik mog` wlni oggndnrotaikoie ljw tj sbjjtldy oggndnrotn tj ovjae eobokaik tln vnlagdn jrgjupdaik.=3< Da`nwasn, o eravnr bust —ljde tln stnnraik wlnnd farbdy

watl mjtl loies PwlaglR sljude mn ji jppjsatn saens jf tln wlnnd.‒=31 Uln GEDB woris tlot pjtljdns goi bo`n o eravnr djsngjitrjd jf tln wlnnd.=?3 Wtjppaik sljude odsj mn kroeuod oiesbjjtl.=?? Eravnrs bust odsj ìjw ljw tj mro`n oie stnnr

prjpnrdy tj ovjae o grosl oie wlot tj ej af tln mro`ns jr tarns foadjr tln tarns sàe frjb jvnr-mroàik, jvnr-stnnraik, jvnr-oggndnrotaji, jr tjj lakl o spnne.=?=




;=

Ai oeeataji, eravnrs orn nxpngtne tj ovjae mogàik wlninvnrpjssamdn, mut af o eravnr ejns lovn tj mog`, tln GEDB kavns tln

fjddjwaik sabpdn `ny stnps8

—Wtort ai tln prjpnr pjsataji.‒

—Djj` ot yjur potl.‒

—^sn barrjrs ji mjtl saens.‒

—Mog` sdjwdy.‒

—Mog` oie turi tjwore tln eravnr‑s saen wlninvnr

pjssamdn.‒

—^sn o lndpnr wlninvnr pjssamdn.‒=?7

@ijwdnekn jf ljw tj prjpnrdy slaft knors as odsj o bust. Uln trugèravnr aivjdvne ai yjur gdanit‑s oggaenit baklt ijt lovn prjpnrdygjbbuiagotne watl jtlnr eravnrs my usaik las turi sakiods, mro`ndaklts (sugl os tj fdosl woriaiks jf sdjwne spnne jr oi opprjoglaikstjp), jr nbnrknigy fdoslnrs.=?5 [atlai tni baiutns jf lovaik tjstjp odjiksaen tln rjoe, eravnrs orn aistrugtne tj snt jut tlnarnbnrknigy woriaik envagns oggjreaik tj tln fjddjwaik

spngafagotajis8

—Af yju bust stjp ji jr my o jin-woy jr eavaene laklwoy,

pdogn woriaik envagns ?3 fnnt, ?33 fnnt, oie =33 fnnttjwore tln opprjoglaik troffag. P. . .R

Af yju stjp ji o twj-doin rjoe gorryaik troffag ai mjtlearngtajis jr ji oi uieavaene laklwoy, pdogn woriaikenvagns watlai ?3 fnnt jf tln frjit jr rnor gjrinrs tj bor`tln djgotaji jf tln vnlagdn oie ?33 fnnt mnlaie oie olnoe

jf tln vnlagdn, ji tln sljudenr jr ai tln doin yju stjppneai. P. . .R

Mog` mnyjie oiy ladd, gurvn, jr jtlnr jmstrugtaji tlotprnvnits jtlnr eravnrs frjb snnaik tln vnlagdn watlai >33fnnt. Af dain jf saklt vanw as jmstrugtne eun tj ladd jr gurvn,bjvn tln rnor-bjst traoikdn tj o pjait mog` ejwi tln rjoesj woriaik as prjvaene.‒=?>

GBV eravnrs bust ovjae os bugl os pjssamdn oiy eastrogtajis,aigdueaik rnoeaik bops, djoeaik busag GEs jr wjràik watl tlnroeaj, oehustaik barrjrs, sbjàik, jr lovaik oi nbjtajiodgjivnrsotaji.=?6 Os ijtne omjvn, —af eravnrs rnogt o lodf-sngjiesdjwnr mngousn jf eastrogtajis, groslns ejumdn,‒ oggjreaik tj tlnGEDB.=?; O eastrogtne jr gorndnss eravnr baklt ijt lovn `npt ai




;7

baie strjik waies, sdag` surfogns, gurvns, troffag fdjw, gjistrugtajizjins, jr ejwikroens.=?< O sofn eravnr wadd mn oworn jf las

surrjuieaiks ‗ mjtl inor lab oie fortlnr olnoe, ot dnost twndvn tjfaftnni sngjies olnoe (wlagl as omjut o mdjg` ot djwnr spnnes oie oquortnr jf o badn ot laklnr spnnes).=?1

Eravnrs orn odsj rnspjisamdn fjr ovjaeaik toadkotaik jtlnr eravnrs. [lni tlny stuey tj jmtoai tlnar GEDs, eravnrs orn kavni gornfudaistrugtajis rnkoreaik ljw bugl spogn tj dnovn mntwnni oijtlnreravnr olnoe oie tlnar trug`s. Uln GEDB nxpdoais tln fjddjwaik8

—Jin kjje rudn soys yju inne ot dnost jin sngjiefjr nogl ?3 fnnt jf vnlagdn dniktl ot spnnes mndjw53 bpl. Ot krnotnr spnnes, yju bust oee ? sngjiefjr sofnty. Fjr nxobpdn, af yju orn eravaik o 53-fjjt vnlagdn, yju sljude dnovn 5 sngjies mntwnniyju oie tln vnlagdn olnoe. Ai o 63-fjjt rak, yju‑ddinne 6 sngjies. Jvnr 53 bpl, yju‑e inne >sngjies fjr o 53-fjjt vnlagdn oie ; sngjies fjr o

63-fjjt vnlagdn. P. . .R Uj ìjw ljw bugl spognyju lovn, woat uitad tln vnlagdn olnoe possns osloejw ji tln rjoe, o povnbnit boràik, jrsjbn jtlnr gdnor doiebor`. Ulni gjuit jff tlnsngjies da`n tlas8 “jin tljusoie-oie-jin, jintljusoie-oie-twj‑ oie sj ji, uitad yju rnogl tlnsobn spjt. Gjbporn yjur gjuit watl tln rudn jfjin sngjie fjr nvnry tni fnnt jf dniktl. Odsj oeravnr sljude rnbnbmnr tlot wlni tln rjoe as

sdappnry, yju inne bugl bjrn spogn tj stjp.‒ ==3

(Uj oee pnrspngtavn ‗ oggjreaik tj tln FBGWO, =;,=5=trug` groslns jggurrne wlni at wos roaiaik ai =3?=.==? )

Snr tln aieustry, jin jf tln rudns eravnrs lovn mnni touklt tjfjddjw as tln —sax sngjie rudn.‒ îenr kjje gjieatajis at asrngjbbniene tlot o dorkn trug` as sax sngjies mnlaie tln dnoe

vnlagdn mngousn at rnquarns bjrn eastoign fjr o trug` tj stjp ijt

jidy mngousn jf tln wnaklt jf tln trug` mut odsj tln tabn at to`nsfjr tln oar mro`ns tj ogtavotn, wlagl goi mn o 3.> sngjie dok. Af otrug` eravnr ejns ijt omaen my tln sax sngjie rudn oie bustsueenidy stjp fjr oiy rnosji, tln nie rnsudt goi mn trokag fjr oddaivjdvne.




;5

Ai gjihuigtaji watl tln sax sngjie rudn, trug` eravnrs inne tj

rnboai fjgusne oie ai gjitrjd jf tlnar trug`s. O fuddy djoene trug`goi wnakl bjrn tloi =33,333 pjuies. Af tln djoe mnaik gorrane mytln trug` slafts eun tj o gurvn, turi, jr sueeni eastrogtaji, at boygousn tln trug` tj jvnrturi. Af tln trug` eravnr gotglns at ai tabn lnboy `nnp tln rak upraklt mut boy gloikn doins jr nvni grjss tlnbneaoi pjtnitaoddy gousaik o gotostrjpln. Ulas boy lovn mnni tlngosn ai o easostrjus trug` rndotne oggaenit ai @nitug`y ji Borgl=6, =3?3. Srndabaiory rnpjrts sukknst tln trug` eravnr, wlj wosfrjb Odomobo, wos todàik ji las gndd pljin wlni las trug`sueenidy grjssne tln bneaoi ji tln aitnrstotn oie gjddaene watl o

voi, àddaik tni possniknrs tlot wnrn ji tln woy tj o wneeaik. Jidytwj sbodd gladerni survavne. Uln trug` eravnr eane os wndd. At asgratagod fjr o trug` eravnr tj rnboai fjgusne wladn jpnrotaik sugl odorkn vnlagdn.

Gjivnrsndy, o eravnr as stadd lnde rnspjisamdn fjr boaitoaiaik sofnprogtagns, nvni wlni toadkotne. Uln GEDB prjvaens tln fjddjwaik

taps fjr toadkotne eravnrs8

—Ovjae quag` gloikns. Af yju lovn tj sdjw ejwi jr turi,sakiod nordy, oie rneugn spnne vnry kroeuoddy.‒

—Aigrnosn yjur fjddjwaik eastoign. Jpniaik up rjjb aifrjit jf yju wadd lndp yju tj ovjae lovaik tj bo`n sueenispnne jr earngtaji gloikns. At odsj bo`ns at nosanr fjr tlntoadkotnr tj knt orjuie yju.‒

—Eji‑t spnne up. At‑s sofnr tj mn toadkotne ot o djw spnne

tloi o lakl spnne.‒ —Ovjae trag`s. Eji‑t turi ji yjur toaddaklts jr fdosl yjur

mro`n daklts. Fjddjw tln sukknstajis omjvn.‒===

Os aieagotne omjvn, o trug` eravnr los o euty tj boiokn spogn ji oddsaens jf las trug`. [lnrn ejns tln euty orasn: Uln GjbbnrgaodEravnr‑s Dagnisn (GED) Boiuod stotns tlot —PtRj mn o sofn eravnryju inne tj ìjw wlot‑s kjaik ji odd orjuie yjur vnlagdn.‒ Oddstotns aenitafy tln sobn kninrod euty. Uln euty as mrjoe oie

nigjbpossns odd saens jf tln trug`.

Ulnsn spogn boioknbnit gosns jggur euraik doin gloikns, possaikpor`ne vnlagdns, laklwoy bnrkns, wlni tln trug` stjps jr sdjwne

wladn ai frjit jf yjur gdanit‑s vnlagdn, jr wlni tlny fjddjw yjur




;>

gdanit‑s vnlagdn tjj gdjsn. Uj prjvn tln gosn yju bust modoigngjisaenrotajis jf wlot tln eravnr gjude jr sljude lovn snni okoaist

prjpnr loiedaik uienr tln gargubstoigns.

Wpogn nigrjoglbnit oggaenits goi mn ovjaene. Uln eravnr losbarrjrs oie bust usn tlnb. O trug` watl prjpnrdy pdogne gjivnxsaen barrjrs goi snn tln nitarnty jf tln saen jf tln trug`. Uln trug`eravnr odsj goi jmvajusdy snn ai frjit jf las trug`. Uln mdaie spjtorasns mnlaie tln trogtjr troadnr.

O trug` eravnr bust kuore okoaist las rnor mdaie spjt my sakiodaiklas aitnitajis watl las mro`n daklts oie fjur woy sofnty fdoslnrs. Lnsljude odsj wori jtlnr eravnrs wlni sdjwaik ejwi. Uln GEDBoiuod stotns8

—Wdjwaik Ejwi. [ori eravnrs mnlaie yju wlni yju snnyju‑dd inne tj sdjw ejwi. O fnw daklt tops ji tln mro`npneod ‗ nijukl tj fdosl tln mro`n daklts ‗ sljude worifjddjwaik eravnrs. ^sn tln fjur-woy nbnrknigy fdoslnrs fjr

tabns wlni yju orn eravaik vnry sdjwdy jr orn stjppne.‒

Eravnrs orn odsj nxpngtne tj eravn watljut okkrnssaji. Uln GEDBaigduens tln fjddjwaik taps tj lndp eravnrs ovjae okkrnssavn eravaik8

—Kavn tln eravn yjur fudd ottnitaji. Eji‑t oddjw yjursndf tjmngjbn eastrogtne my tod`aik ji yjur gndd pljin, notaik,ntg.‒

—Mn rnodastag omjut yjur trovnd tabn. Nxpngt endoys mngousn

jf troffag, gjistrugtaji, jr moe wnotlnr oie bo`noddjwoigns.‒

—Af yju‑rn kjaik tj mn dotnr tloi yju nxpngtne ‗ enod watlat. Uo`n o ennp mrnotl oie oggnpt tln endoy.‒

—Wdjw ejwi oie `nnp yjur fjddjwaik eastoign rnosjiomdn.‒

—Eji‑t eravn sdjwdy ai tln dnft doin jf troffag.‒==7

Eravnrs sljude stravn tj stoy gnitnrne watlai tlnar doin oie wotglfjr sueeni doin gloikns wlni eravaik odjiksaen oijtlnr.==5 Eravnrsbust mn oworn tlot tlny inne bjrn rjjb tloi oi jreaiory gor tjgloikn doins jr nitnr troffag oie bust `nnp ai baie tlot tln saznoie wnaklt jf tln djoe offngts oggndnrotaji, ntg.==> Eravnrs orn urknetj wotgl jtlnr eravnrs‑ mjey bjvnbnits tj sakiod tln eravnr baklt




;6

mn omjut tj gloikn doins.==6 ^dtabotndy, o eravnr as nxpngtne tjodwoys lovn o pdoi fjr wotglaik oie prnporaik fjr lozores.==;

Uuris orn oijtlnr `ny boinuvnr wlagl eravnrs bust ̀ ijw ljw tjsuggnssfuddy nxngutn. Fjr nxobpdn, eravnrs nxngutaik o dnft turibust mn gnrtoai tlny lovn —rnoglne tln gnitnr jf tln aitnrsngtajimnfjrn PtlnyR stort tln dnft turi. Af PtlnyR turi tjj sjji, tln dnft saenjf PtlnR vnlagdn boy lat oijtlnr vnlagdn mngousn jf jfftrogàik.‒==< Wurprasaikdy, eravnrs jftni bo`n tln dnft turi nvni wlni tlny ìjwtlny wadd jidy gdnor tln aitnrsngtaji af tln jigjbaik troffag sdjwsejwi fjr tlnb.

Snrlops aistnoe yjur gdanit‑s fobady wos aivjdvne ai o favn-gor padn-up mngousn tln trug` stoddne ji roadrjoe trog`s. O eravnr sljude mnrnoey tj stjp wlni inoraik o roadrjoe mngousn ln baklt mn uiomdntj lnor tln wlastdn, jr tln grjssaik morranrs (af tlnrn orn oiy) gjudemn bodfuigtajiaik. Nspngaoddy wlni tln eravnr los tj grjss twj sntsjf trog`s, ln sljude bo`n gnrtoai ln goi sofndy eravn gjbpdntndyogrjss mnfjrn prjgnneaik. O trug` sljude mn ai tln djwnst knor

ovoadomdn wlni grjssaik, mut tln eravnr sljude ijt gloikn tln knorsji tln trog`s jr ndsn ln baklt knt stug` ji tln trog`s.

Uln Wbatl Wystnb los prjvaene fjr saxty ynors o troaiaik prjkrobgoddne —UlnWbatl>@nys®,‒ mosne ji tln mndjw nxgnddnit glng`dastfjr trug`nrs os tlny orn eravaik ejwi tln rjoe8

?) —Oab lakl ai stnnraik.Djjàik furtlnr olnoe tloi jtlnr eravnrs

=)

Knt tln mak pagturn.Wnnaik bjrn orjuie yju tloi jtlnr eravnrs

7) @nnp yjur nyns bjvaik.Mnaik bjrn oworn tloi jtlnr eravnrs

5) Dnovn yjursndf oi jutSjsatajiaik ai troffag mnttnr tloi jtlnr eravnrs

>) Bo`n surn tlny snn yju.Boàik yjursndf bjrn vasamdn tloi jtlnr eravnrs‒==1

Gjieatajis jf Ioturn

Iaklt




;;

Opprjxabotndy =>,333 jf tln ?55,?;? dorkn trug` groslns tlot jggurnogl ynor ej sj ot iaklt. Ulas bnois tlnrn as o prntty kjje gloign

tlot o dowynr loiedaik sugl gosns wadd loiedn o iaklttabn grosl gosn.At as abpjrtoit tj uienrstoie tln assuns rndotne tj iaklt eravaik.

Ot iaklt, eravnrs sljude ijt djj` earngtdy ot jigjbaik troffag‑slnoedaklts mngousn jf gjignris watl kdorn.=73 Ai oeeataji, o trug`eravnr los o euty tj eravn ot o spnne sdjw nijukl tj mn omdn tjgjbn tj o stjp sljude o lozore oppnor ai tln rjoewoy wladnjpnrotaik o gjbbnrgaod bjtjr vnlagdn. Euraik eoydaklt ljurs,eravnrs ot laklwoy spnnes orn troaine tj djj` olnoe omjut o quortnrjf o badn fjr pjtnitaod lozores. Ot iaklt, ljwnvnr, o trug`nr goijidy snn os for os tln addubaiotaji gost my tln lnoedaklts.

Os o rnsudt, o trug`nr eravaik ot iaklt bust eravn sdjwdy nijukl tjmn omdn tj stjp watlai tln eastoign jf tln lnoedaklts. Eravaik oiyfostnr as rnfnrrne tj os —jvnr eravaik‒ tln lnoedaklts. Ulas as oportagudordy moe prjmdnb mngousn tln eravnr goi‑t rnogt ai tabn tj olozorejus satuotaji. Ulas as tln sobn os eravaik tjj fost fjr

gjieatajis, wlagl as prjlamatne my tln Fnenrod Bjtjr Gorranr Wofnty Oebaiastrotaji ot 51 G.F.]. § 71=.?5 (?11>).

Uln farst stnp as tj aispngt tln vnlagdn tj entnrbain ljw for tlnlnoedaklts fjr tln trug` addubaiotn. Af tlas goi‑t mn ejin, tln kninrodrudn as tlot tln mnobs wadd slain olnoe omjut =>3 fnnt ji djw mnobsoie omjut 7>3 tj >33 watl lakl mnobs. At as ingnssory tj entnrbain

wlntlnr djw jr lakl mnobs wnrn mnaik usne my tln eravnr euraikeasgjvnry.

Boaitnioign fogtjrs goi offngt tln addubaiotaji eastoign jf tlnlnoedaklts ji o trug`. At as abpjrtoit tj vnrafy tln lnoedaklts wnrn

wjr`aik prjpnrdy, loe mnni oehustne gjrrngtdy, oie wnrn frnn frjbeart oie enmras. Ulas as mnst ejin watl oi nordy aispngtaji, mut aftlot as ijt pjssamdn tlni pljtjkropls boy mn lndpfud ai tlasentnrbaiotaji.

Uln saikdn bjst abpjrtoit fogtjr ai entnrbaiaik stjppaik eastoign

fjr o trogtjr-troadnr as tln trovndaik spnne. Uln GED Boiuod woris,—bjst pnjpdn orn dnss odnrt ot iaklt, nspngaoddy oftnrbaeiaklt….PoieR boy ijt snn lozores os sjji jr rnogt os quag`dy.‒

Ulus, tln eravnr‑s rnogtaji tabn boy mn djiknr tloi tln typagod ?.>sngjies, prjdjikaik tln tjtod stjppaik tabn.




;<

Os ijtne omjvn, o vnlagdn trovndaik ot >> badns pnr ljur wadd trovnd

opprjxabotndy ?=3 fnnt ai tln jin oie lodf sngjies at to`ns tj rnogt(—lodf tln dniktl jf o fjjtmodd fande ai hust twj sngjies‒=7? ). Ulas asodbjst lodf jf tln addubaiotaji eastoign jf typagod djw mnob daklts.Mngousn iaklttabn rneugns vasamadaty oie aigrnosns rnogtaji tabns,eravnrs ai rurod ornos jr ji rjoes watljut jigjbaik troffag ornrnquarne tj usn lakl mnob daklts tlot niomdn tln eravnrs tj snn 7>3->33 fnnt (djw mnob daklts prjvaen vasamadaty fjr jidy =>3 fnnt).

Oi oggaenit rngjistrugtajiast as da`ndy innene tj entnrbain tlnmro`aik eastoign saign wnaklt, wnotlnr, oie vnlagdn fogtjrs goi pdoyo rjdn. Uln tjtod stjppaik eastoign erobotagoddy aigrnosns os spnneaigrnosns os o kninrod rudn. Fjr aistoign, o vnlagdn trovndaik 73 bpljidy innes ?<? fnnt tj stjp. Uln sobn vnlagdn kjaik >> bpl wjudeinne >?= fnnt tj stjp. Uln spnne as dnss tloi ejumdne, mut tlnstjppaik eastoign los aigrnosne tj twj oie o lodf tabns fortlnr.

Lnot

Eae pnrlops tln eravnr djsn gjitrjd jf tln trug` mngousn las tarnmdnw jut jr gouklt ji farn: Ljt wnotlnr grnotns nxgnptajiodeoiknrs. Os tln tnbpnroturn rasns, sj ejns tln tarn prnssurn. Nvnrytwj ljurs jr ?33 badns, eravnrs orn oevasne tj glng` af tlnar tarnsorn tjj ljt tj tjugl. Af tln tarns orn, tj ovjae o gloign jf tln tarnsgotglaik farn, eravnrs sljude kavn tln tarns o gloign tj gjjd mnfjrnrnsubaik eravaik okoai. Eravnrs sljude odsj glng` tln gjjdoit, mndtsoie ljsns, oie jad.

Fjk O eravnr goi odsj nigjuitnr fjk ji tln rjoe. Eravnrs tlrjukl fjkorn oevasne tj pudd jff af ot odd pjssamdn, mngousn at goi mn ogloddnikn tj mn omdn tj snn jtlnr gors oie trug`s. Af tln eravnrgoiijt pudd jff, sln sljude usn djw mnobs oie mn rnoey tj bo`nfrnqunit stjps.

[aitnr

Euraik tln waitnr, prn-trap aispngtajis mngjbn nspngaoddy

abpjrtoit tj nisurn sofnty prngoutajis sugl os tlot tln trug` goiprjpnrdy enfrjst, tln oitafrnnzn dnvnds orn opprjpraotn, tln tarns lovnoenquotn trnoe, oie tlot tln gloais (watl nxtro dai`s) orn tln gjrrngtsazn. =7= Eravnrs boy inne tj stjp jftni tj gdnoi jff waiejws,




;1

daklts, oie rnfdngtjrs0 tlny sljude odsj tj mn rnoey tj rneugn spnneoie aigrnosn fjddjwaik eastoign.=77

Bjuitoai ]joes

[lot af aistnoe yjur gdanit‑s fobady wos eravaik ejwi o bjuitoaioie tln eravnr roi tln gor jff tln nbmoi`bnit: Urug` eravnrs bustfjddjw spngafag prjgneurns fjr eravaik upkroen oie ejwikroen ji objuitoaijus rjoe. [lni eravaik upkroen, o eravnr sljude usn djwknors, wlagl lndp pudd tln vnlagdn up tln bjuitoai. [lni eravaikejwikroen, eravnrs sljude stadd usn o djw knor, wlagl wadd rnsast tlnaigrnosn ai spnne frjb krovaty‑s pudd. @ijwi os mro`n foen, mro`nsgoi foad frjb jvnrlnotaik af tlny orn usne tjj bugl. [lagl djwknor tj usn enpnies ji ljw djik oie slorp tln ejwikroen as, mut okjje rudn fjr eravnrs tj fjddjw as tj usn jin knor djwnr tloi tlnyusne eravaik upkroen. [lotnvnr knor tln eravnr gljjsns, ln sljudeswatgl tj at mnfjrn mnkaiiaik tln eravn ejwikroen. Ai o satuotaji

watl o ruiowoy vnlagdn, tln eravnr sljude djj` fjr gdnordy bor`nensgopn robps ensakine watl djik trniglns oie o snvnrod-fjjt doynrjf sbodd krovnd, wlagl wadd omsjrm tln vnlagdn‑s ninrky oie stjp at.

Eravnr Fotakun

Oggjreaik tj tln GEDB, mnaik owo`n fjr nakltnni ljurs gousns oeravnr tj mn ai o stotn sabador tj lovaik o mdjje odgjljdgjignitrotaji jf 3.3<% (dnkoddy aitjxagotne).=75 Dotnr ai tlas gloptnr

wn prjvaen o entoadne oiodysas jf eravnr fotakun oie fnenroddyrnkudotne ljurs jf snrvagn, mut wn wadd prnvanw at lnrn my mranfdy

nxobaiaik tln eravnr‑s rnspjisamadaty tj nisurn las jwi odnrtinss ‗ wlagl as odwoys gratagod, mut nspngaoddy wlni o eravnr as uifobadaor watl las rjutn.

—Uln fnenrod ljurs-jf-snrvagn (LJW) rudns ej ijt spngafagoddy dabattln eastoign tlot goi mn eravni ai jin eoy, mut tlny ej dabat tlniubmnr jf ljurs tlot goi mn spnit eravaik, os fjddjws8

Eravnrs jf prjpnrty-gorryaik gjbbnrgaod bjtjr vnlagdns

(GBVs) orn dabatne tj ?? ljurs jf eravaik oftnr lovaik ?3gjisngutavn ljurs jff euty. Ljwnvnr, tlas as ijt o “eoady‑dabat. ^ienr tlas prjvasaji, o eravnr gjude lypjtlntagoddyeravn fjr ?? ljurs, to`n ?3 ljurs jff, oie eravn fjr oijtlnr7 ljurs mnfjrn tln nie jf tln =5-ljur eoy.




<3

Eravnrs jf possniknr-gorryaik GBVs orn dabatne tj ?3

ljurs jf eravaik oftnr lovaik < gjisngutavn ljurs jff euty.

Ai jin =5-ljur pnraje, tlnsn eravnrs gjude lypjtlntagoddyeravn fjr ?3 ljurs, to`n < ljurs jff, oie eravn fjr oijtlnr6 ljurs.‒=7>

[ladn bugl rnspjisamadaty rnsts ji gorranrs tj nisurn tlnar eravnrsorn ijt vajdotaik ljurs jf snrvagn rnkudotajis jr eravaik watl tjjdattdn sdnnp, tln eravnr as rnspjisamdn fjr to`aik stnps tj ovjaeerjwsainss. Eravnrs orn oevasne ai tln GEDB tj `nnp tln gom gjjd,to`n mrno`s, oie rngjkiazn sakiods jf erjwsainss, sugl os yowiaikoie eraftaik frjb jin doin tj oijtlnr jr jff tln sljudenr. =76 Aferavnrs rnodazn tlny lovn mngjbn erjwsy, tlny orn nxpngtne tj stjpoie sdnnp jr ot dnost to`n o iop mut orn urkne ijt tj rndy ji jpni

waiejws, roeajs, jr sjbn sumstoign (eruks, gjffnn, jr jtlnrgoffnain sjurgn) tj `nnp odnrt oie owo`n.=7; Uj nisurn tlnar jwisofnty wladn ji tln rjoe, eravnrs orn nxpngtne tj knt nijukl sdnnp,sglneudn traps sofndy (tj ovjae sdnnp enmt), nxnrgasn rnkudordy, notlnodtly, ovjae bneagotaji, oie rnkudordy vasat tlnar ejgtjrs tj wotgl

fjr gjieatajis gjitramutaik tj fotakun oie jtlnr eoiknrs.=7<

Wumstoign Omusn

Jf gjursn, eravaik uienr tln aifdunign jf odgjljd jr oiy—gjitrjddne sumstoign‒ tlot —goi bo`n tln eravnr uisofn‒ asprjlamatne=71 (snn Gloptnr Ulrnn‑s sngtaji ji tlas tjpag). Ulas odsjaigduens sumstoigns sugl os —pnp padds‒ oie goi aigduen nvni gjdebneagains (tljukl prnsgraptaji padds tlot wadd ijt bo`n o eravnr

uisofn orn pnrbattne).=53 Ai =3??, trug` eravnrs wnrn fjuie tj mneravaik watl bntl doms ai tlnar trug`s.=5? Ai =3?=, o hury rnturine o$1.=> baddaji vnreagt okoaist o erui` eravnr.=5= Ai oijtlnr gosn, otrug` eravnr wos farne fjr lovaik loe uijpnine mnnr ai las trug`. =57

Af tln eravnr‑s MOG wos 3.35 pnrgnit jr laklnr, ln gjude mnglorkne watl o E^A oie gjude tlni djsn ijt jidy las GED mut odsjlas rnkudor eravnr‑s dagnisn. ]nkudotajis prjlamat o eravnr frjb usaikodgjljd watlai fjur ljurs mnfjrn kjaik ji euty, lovaik plysagod

gjitrjd jf tln gjbbnrgaod vnlagdn, jr jpnrotaik at.=55 [lni ji eutyjr jpnrotaik tln vnlagdn, tln eravnr goiijt pjssnss oi odgjljdagmnvnrokn. =5> At as tln gorranr‑s rnspjisamadaty tj bjiatjr ats eravnr‑smnlovajr0 af at oppnors o eravnr los gjisubne odgjljd watlai tlnfjur-ljur waiejw, tln gorranr bust to`n tln eravnr —jut jf snrvagn‒




<?

fjr twnity-fjur ljurs. =56 Furtlnrbjrn, tln eravnr oie trug`aikgjbpoiy bust bo`n surn ln ejns ijt pnrfjrb oiy sofnty-snisatavn

fuigtaji watlai fjur ljurs jf usaik odgjljd jr watl o MOG jf otdnost 3.35 pnrgnit.=5;

O spngafane pnrgnitokn jf gorranrs‑ eravnrs bust lovn roiejbodgjljd oie eruk tnstaik ot uioiijuigne tabns tlrjukljut tlnynor.=5< Ai oeeataji, af sjbnjin rnquarns abbneaotn bneagodottnitaji jr eans oftnr oi oggaenit jr af oi aivjdvne vnlagdn aseasomdne (oie rnquarns tjwaik), tln aivjdvne trug` eravnr bust mntnstne os sjji os pjssamdn (prnfnromdy watlai twj ljurs jf tlnoggaenit) fjr eruk oie odgjljd omusn.=51

Ai gosn jf oi oggaenit8

Uln eravnr bust —prjtngt tln orno, ijtafy outljratans, PoieR gorn fjrtln aihurne.‒=>3 O eravnr bust `ijw ljw tj prjpnrdy farnfaklt, jrndsn sln gjude bo`n oi odrnoey nxastaik farn wjrsn.=>?

E.

GO]KJ WNG^]NBNIU

Oijtlnr jf tln eravnr‑s rnspjisamadatans as tj nisurn ln as ijttroispjrtaik oi jvnrdjoe.=>= Eoiknrs jf jvnrdjoeaik goi aigduenmro`n foadurn oie ailamatne spnne gjitrjd oie stnnraik.=>7 Eravnrsorn odsj nxpngtne tj `nnp ai baie tln nffngt jf wnotlnr ji tlnardjoes0 tlus, sjbntabns eravnrs sljude ijt eravn watl o dnkoddypnrbassamdn djoe jr sljude dakltni tlnar djoe mnfjrn prjgnneaik aimoe wnotlnr.=>5 Eravnrs bust mn gnrtoai tlnar trug`s orn ijt tjp

lnovy oie sljude prjpnrdy modoign tln wnaklt jf tlnar gorkj.=>> [ladn snodne djoes goiijt mn aispngtne, eravnrs orn stadd nxpngtne tjglng` tlnar gjbpdaoign watl wnaklt dabats.=>6

Furtlnrbjrn, eravnrs orn nxpngtne tj prjpnrdy mdjg`, mrogn, oie/jrtan ejwi tlnar gorkj.=>; Gjvnraik gorkj ijt jidy slandes tln gorkjmut odsj ovjaes spaddaik at oie nieoiknraik jtlnr eravnrs.=>< Eravnrssljude usn tlnar barrjrs tj `nnp o wotglfud nyn ji tlnar gorkj‑sgjvnraik, mngousn o djjsn gjvnraik goi ailamat tln trug` eravnr‑s

vasaji jr jtlnr eravnrs‑.=>1 Jvnrsazne djoes jr djoes jf davnstjg` jrloikaik bnot gousn uiaqun eoiknrs tlot tln eravnr bust to`n aitjgjisaenrotaji.=63




<=

O Eravnr‑s îaqun ]nspjisamadatans

O.

Lozorejus Botnraods

Oggjreaik tj tln GEDB, tln eravnr los tln mndjw uiaqunrnspjisamadatans wlni troispjrtaik o djoe jf lozorejus botnraods8

—Bo`ns surn tln slappnr los aenitafane, bor`ne, oie

domndne tln lozorejus botnraods prjpnrdy.‒

—]nfusns dnoàik pogòkns oie slapbnits.‒

—Sdogores vnlagdn wlni djoeaik, af rnquarne.‒

—Wofndy troispjrts tln slapbnit watljut endoy.‒

—Fjddjws odd spngaod rudns omjut troispjrtaik lozorejusbotnraods.‒

—@nnps lozorejus botnraods slappaik popnrs oienbnrknigy rnspjisn aifjrbotaji ai tln prjpnr pdogn.‒=6?

Eravnrs orn rnquarne tj ìjw tln typns jf lozorejus prjeugts tlotgoi oie goiijt mn djoene tjkntlnr oie bust ìjw tln pdogore

rudns (jr bust os` tlnar nbpdjynrs af tlny ej ijt ìjw).=6=

Eravaiko GBV tlot as dnkoddy rnquarne tj lovn pdogores watljut tln rakltpdogores goi nieoiknr tln eravnr‑s dafn oie os wndd os tln davns jfjtlnrs.=67 Eravnrs orn rnquarne tj ottogl tln raklt pdogores mnfjrneravaik tln GBV (—ji mjtl saens oie mjtl nies jf tln vnlagdn‒)oie goi jidy bjvn —oi abprjpnrdy pdogorene vnlagdn euraik oinbnrknigy, ai jrenr tj prjtngt dafn jr prjpnrty.‒=65 Furtlnrbjrn,eravnrs jf pdogorene GBVs bust lovn o GED watl tln lozorejusbotnraods niejrsnbnit, wlagl as norine watl o wrattni tnst.=6>

Eravaik o GBV tlot as dnkoddy rnquarne tj lovn pdogores watljut oGED lozbot niejrsnbnit as o grabn.=66

Ai oeeataji, eravnrs jf lozorejus botnraods bust glng` tlnar tarns.=6; Ulny bust prjpnrdy sngurn gjitoainrs oie goiijt jpni oiypogòkns jr troisfnr lozorejus botnraods frjb jin pogòkn tjoijtlnr euraik tln hjuriny.=6< Uln eravnr bust odsj `nnp ai baietlny sljude ijt sbj`n inor gnrtoai àies jf gorkj (sugl osnxpdjsavns)=61 oie bust mn surn tj `nnp tln slappaik oienbnrknigy rnspjisn aifjrbotaji wlnrn tln popnrs goi mn fjuiequag`dy my jtlnrs ai oi nbnrknigy.=;3




<7

M. Sossniknr Musns

Ai oeeataji tj tln omjvn prngoutajis sugl os prn- oie pjst-aispngtajis, eravnrs troispjrtaik possniknrs lovn oeeatajiodprngoutajis tlny bust to`n tj nisurn tlnar possniknrs‑ sofnty.=;? Fjrnxobpdn, eravnrs bust nisurn nbnrknigy nxats oie jtlnr ejjrwoys(sugl os tj rnstrjjbs, ntg.) orn gdjsne oie bust gdnor oiy oasdns oiestoarwndds mnfjrn stortaik tln hjuriny.=;= Wnots, loieljdes, roadaiks,fdjjrs, sakiodaik envagns, oie nbnrknigy nxats loiedns bust mn aisofn wjr`aik gjieataji.=;7 Eravnrs jf gjursn goiijt sabudtoinjusdytroispjrt oiy lozorejus botnraods, sj tlny bust wotgl fjr tlnsnatnbs ai gorkj jr mokkokn.=;5 Ai oeeataji, eravnrs orn rnquarne tjstjp ot roadrjoe grjssaiks oie erowmraekns.=;>

Furtlnrbjrn, eravnrs bust oiijuign upgjbaik stjps jrenstaiotajis, aigdueaik tln djgotaji, rnosji fjr tln stjp, tln musiubmnr, oie tln tabn tln mus wadd mn enportaik.=;6 Eravnrs ornsuppjsne tj rnbaie tlnar possniknrs tj mraik tlnar gorry-jidukkokn, wori tlnb jf stnps ejwi, oie to`n jtlnr jmvajus sofnty

bnosurns. Eravnrs bust bo`n raenrs stoie mnlaie tln stoienndain.=;; Ai oeeataji, eravnrs sljude ijt rn-fund watl possniknrs jimjore jr tod` watl raenrs (jr jtlnr ej oiytlaik ndsn eastrogtaik)

wladn eravaik.=;<

Wgljjd mus eravnrs lovn nvni bjrn rnquarnbnits, sugl os `nnpaikai baie eoiknr zjins, prjpnrdy usaik barrjrs, boiokaik oiedjoeaik oie uidjoeaik stuenits, oie jtlnr uiaqun sofntygjisaenrotajis.=;1



Gloptnr Ulrnn8 Assuns Ulot Orasn

ai Gjbbnrgaod Vnlagdn Datakotaji



Gloptnr Ulrnn8 Assuns Ulot Orasn ai Gjbbnrgaod Vnlagdn Datakotaji

<;

Ljurs jf Wnrvagn / Fotakun

FO_s

?)

As tlnrn o subbory jf tln Ljurs-jf-Wnrvagn (LJW)rnkudotajis:

=) Goi A pursun mjtl tln gorranr oie eravnr ai by dowsuat:7) Ljw entoadne sljude tln eravnr‑s djk mn:5)

As fotakun hust sdnnpainss:

>)

[lot stnps goi/sljude tln eravnr to`n wlni fotakune:

Aitrjeugtaji

—‑Ln wos fotakune. Ln wos jvnr las ljurs. Ln loe pdoyne orjuie watl las djk mjj`.‑‒=<3 Uln rnsudt jf tlas trug` eravnr‑s vajdotajis: Uln enotl jf o pjdagn jffagnr wlj wos ji euty oie rnspjieaik tjoi nbnrknigy godd.=<? Ulnsn orn tln fogts jf jin jf tln gosns jurfarb as gurrnitdy loiedaik.=<= Os ensgramne my jur farb‑s fjuienr

Hnrn Mnosdny8

—Las djk mjj`s rnvnodne tlot ln wos ottnbptaik tj gjignodlas euty stotus oie ljurs jf snrvagn. Uln ljurs-jf-snrvagnrudns orn ai pdogn tj prnvnit fotakune eravaik. O fotakunetrug` eravnr as ijt os gopomdn jf rnogtaik tj tlnnivarjibnit orjuie lab, nspngaoddy nbnrknigy satuotajisda`n tln jin wn lovn ai tlas gosn. Fotakune eravaik as o makprjmdnb oie rnsudts ai tljusoies jf groslns nogl ynor. Br.

Hobns wos fogne watl o pjdagn jffagnr wlj wos rnspjieaiktj oi nbnrknigy godd. Uln oggaenit gjude lovn mnniovjaene watl oi odnrt oie jranitne trug` eravnropprjpraotndy rnspjieaik tj las nivarjibnit.^ifjrtuiotndy, ln eae ijt.‒=<7

Ai oijtlnr gosn, Hjli oie ]ninn Soroudt wnrn hjaine ai borraoknoie baiastry tlrjukl tlnar wjr` watl Wji ]asn Baiastrans. Uln

Soroudts wnrn trovndaik tlrjukl Odomobo watl tlnar oeudt eoukltnrfrjb tlnar ljbn ai Ijrtl Gorjdaio tj o rnvavod ai Djuasaoio wlnitlnar wjrde wos turine upsaen ejwi. Uln fobady loe hust notnimrno`fost wlni o trogtjr troadnr sueenidy oie watljut woriaikgloikne doins raklt aitj tln Soroudts‑s vnlagdn.




<<

Uln abpogt nvnituoddy gousne tln trogtjr troadnr tj rui jvnr tlnSoroudts‑s vnlagdn os tln bossavn sazn jf tln trogtjr troadnr wos ij

botgl fjr tln sbodd gor. Woedy, tln gorndnssinss jf tln trug` eravnrgousne Br. Soroudt‑s enotl oie snrajusdy aihurne ]ninn os wndd ostlnar eoukltnr, Eordnin @nddnr. Uln trogtjr troadnr wos jwine oiemnaik jpnrotne my BWH Urugàik.

Jur aivnstakotaji rnvnodne tlot BWH Urugàik loe o lastjry jfsnrajus vajdotajis jf vorajus bjtjr vnlagdn rnkudotajis, aigdueaikjpnrotaik watl fotakune eravnrs. Uln gargubstoigns jf tlas wrng`strjikdy sukknstne tlot tln eravnr jf tln trogtjr troadnr wos snvnrndyfotakune wlni ln erjvn las trug` aitj tln doin jf trovnd jggupanemy tln Soroudts.

[n rngrnotne bugl jf wlot loppnine ji tlot trokag eoy tlrjukldatakotaji tnstaik watl wndd quodafane trugàik nxpnrts. Jur tnstaikprjvne tlot o gjisganitajus, wndd-rnstne eravnr bjst gnrtoaidy wjudelovn nosady rngjkiazne tln eoiknr bjvaik aitj oi jggupane doin jftrovnd. Wnttdnbnit wos rnoglne fjr o gjifaenitaod objuit euraik tln

pnienigy jf tln datakotaji.

Os nvaenigne omjvn, jin jf tln bjst prnssaik eoiknrs fjrnvnryjin ji tln rjoewoy tjeoy ‗ trug` eravnr fotakun ‗ as odsj jinjf tln bjst prnvnitomdn. —“Hust-ai-Uabn‑ endavnry oie “rjddaik

wornljusn djkastags‑ lovn boen trugàik trudy o rjuie-tln-gdjg`nienovjr.‒=<5 —Os nordy os ?17> tln Iotajiod Wofnty Gjuigad assuneats rnpjrt ji tln prjmdnb Pjf fotakune eravaikR, Ujj Djik ot tln

[lnnd.‒=<> Os for mog` os ?11>, at wos fjuie tlot eravnr fotakun wos

tln iubmnr jin sofnty assun ai trugàik.=<6 Uln prjmdnb gjitaiunstj pdokun tln aieustry, os aieagotne my o fjrbnr IUWM gloar ai tlnmndjw stotnbnit8

—Fotakun as hust ijt os sabpdn os rnvasaik ljurs jf snrvagnrnkudotajis. At‑s omjut gjbpdaoign. At‑s omjut nifjrgnbnit.At‑s omjut fotakun ras`-boioknbnit prjkrobs tlotnigjbposs neugotaji oie troaiaik… Uln Mjore snns o dog`jf gjbpdaoign watl tln ljurs jf snrvagn rnkudotajis ai

boiy jf tln aivnstakotajis tlot wn orn aivjdvne ai. Oiesjbn jf tljsn orn ijt hust baijr0 sjbn jf tlnb orn foardynkrnkajus…. [lot pnjpdn ai tln trugàik aieustry inne tjrnodazn as tlny orn prjfnssajiods. Ulny orn prjfnssajioderavnrs, oie tln stoieore jf gorn oie tln dnvnd jf




<1

nxpngtotajis fjr tlnb oie tlnar pnrfjrboign orn laklnr.

[lni tlny bo`n pjjr gljagns, at‑s ijt hust o rnfdngtaji ji

pnrsjiod engasaji, mut at abpogts tln nitarn aieustrymngousn tlnrn‑s oi nxpngtotaji tlot tlnrn‑s rjmust troaiaikoie neugotaji, jvnrsaklt, oie nifjrgnbnit. Oie A tlai`tlot, jftni tabns ai jur aivnstakotajis, wn faie tlot tlnrn aso dog` jf odd tljsn ‗ ijt hust tln pnrsjiod easgapdain, mutgjbpoiy oie tln gorranr‑s jvnrsaklt my tln nifjrgnbnitoutljraty.‒=<;

Mngousn prjvaik tln fotakun gosn goi mn eaffagudt, spngafag oiegornfuddy pdoiine easgjvnry wadd mn ingnssory. îda`n odgjljd-rndotnegroslns (os easgussne ai tln inxt sngtaji), tlnrn as ij tnst fjrsdnnpainss. Uln fogts jf tln oggaenit, tln tabn jf tln eoy, tlneravnr‑s tabn ji tln hjm, wlot tln eravnr eae tln eoy mnfjrn, oiejtlnr fogtjrs goi pdoy aitj prjvaik tln fotakun gosn. Ulnsn goi mnprjvni my faieaik tln fjddjwaik8

Uln gargubstoigns orn gjisastnit watl fotakun.

Uln trug`nr‑s ljurs euraik tln eoy jr oggaenit oieprngneaik eoy nxgnne tln fnenrod ljurs jf snrvagnrnkudotajis.

[atinssns jmsnrvne aiottnitavn eravaik. Slysagod nvaenign jf fotakun aigduens omsnign jf sàe bor`s

jr foadurn tj ovjae o gjddasaji. ]joe gjieatajis wjude/sljude lovn odnrtne tln eravnr tj

ovjae tln oggaenit.

Gdossag —fodd osdnnp‒ gosns orn usuoddy glorogtnrazne my o eravnr‑sbaiabod mroàik jr foadaik tj mro`n ot odd (watljut oiytlaikengrnosaik tln eravnr‑s vasamadaty).=<< Mut ijt odd groslns gousne myfotakun lovn tlnsn typns jf fogts.=<1 Os ijtne prnvajusdy, fotakun,

wlagl aigduens bjrn tloi hust foddaik osdnnp, goi mn os eoiknrjus(jr bjrn) os odgjljd aitjxagotaji.=13

—Oggjreaikdy, oi nvoduotaji jf o grosl rnquarns oiuienrstoieaik jf tln aitnrpdoy objik sjbn jr odd jf tlnfjddjwaik8 tln ngjijbags jf tln aieustry, ljw tln grosljggurrne, tln eravnr‑s sdnnp/wo`n pottnri ai tln eoysprngneaik tln grosl, tabn ji tos`, tabn jf eoy, tln eravnr‑stroaiaik, tln eravnr‑s lnodtl, gjbpoiy pjdagans, oie tlnfuieobnitods jf tln sganign jf sdnnp.‒=1?




13

[lot orn tln LJW rnks:

Fnenrod rnkudotajis prjlamat o eravnr frjb jpnrotaik o gjbbnrgaodbjtjr vnlagdn wlni abpoarne jr da`ndy tj mngjbn abpoarne tlrjuklfotakun.=1= Uljsn sobn rnkudotajis prjlamat o bjtjr gorranr frjboddjwaik tlnar eravnr frjb jpnrotaik o vnlagdn uienr tljsn sobngjieatajis.=17 Uln fnenrod kjvnribnit usns tln Ljurs jf Wnrvagn(LJW) rnkudotajis tj dabat wlni oie ljw djik o gjbbnrgaod bjtjr

vnlagdn eravnr boy jpnrotn o gjbbnrgaod vnlagdn.=15 Ulnsn

rnkudotajis orn mosne ji nxloustavn sganitafag rnvanw oie ornensakine tj nisurn trug` eravnrs lovn tln ingnssory rnst tj pnrfjrbsofn jpnrotajis.=1>

Uln bohjraty jf eravnrs wlj jpnrotn o GBV orn rnquarne tj fjddjwtln rnkudotajis.=16 Ai kninrod, o GBV as o vnlagdn tlot as usne os portjf o musainss oie as aivjdvne ai aitnrstotn gjbbnrgn oie fats oiy jftlnsn ensgraptajis8

[nakls ?3,33? pjuies jr bjrn0

Los o krjss vnlagdn wnaklt rotaik jr krjss gjbmaiotaji wnaklt rotaik jf ?3,33? pjuies jr bjrn0

As ensakine jr usne tj troispjrt saxtnni jr bjrnpossniknrs (aigdueaik tln eravnr) ijt fjr gjbpnisotaji0

As ensakine jr usne tj troispjrt iain jr bjrn possniknrs(aigdueaik tln eravnr) fjr gjbpnisotaji0

As troispjrtaik lozorejus botnraods ai o quoitaty rnquaraikpdogores.

(Wjurgn8 lttp8//www.fbgso.ejt.kjv/rnkudotajis/ljurs-jf-snrvagn#stlosl.jEkbpQtJ.epuf)

Djwnraik tln ljurs o trug` eravnr goi eravn wadd ijt odjin sjdvn tlnprjmdnb jf eravnr fotakun. Gjbbnrgaod eravnrs bust fjddjw oiebjtjr gorranrs bust nifjrgn tljsn rudns…o hjm tlny orn gurrnitdyinkdngtaik ai dorkn iubmnrs.

Mndjw as o glort frjb tln FBGWO wnmsatn subborazaik tln LJWrudns8




1?

LJ^]W-JF-WN]VAGN ]^DNW

S]JSN]UQ-GO]]QAIK E]AVN]W SOWWNIKN]-GO]]QAIKE]AVN]W

??-Ljur Eravaik DabatBoy eravn o boxabub jf ?? ljurs oftnr ?3gjisngutavn ljurs jff euty.

?3-Ljur Eravaik DabatBoy eravn o boxabub jf ?3 ljursoftnr < gjisngutavn ljurs jff euty.

?5-Ljur DabatBoy ijt eravn mnyjie tln ?5tl gjisngutavn ljuroftnr gjbaik ji euty, fjddjwaik ?3 gjisngutavnljurs jff euty. Jff-euty tabn ejns ijt nxtnie tln?5-ljur pnraje.

?>-Ljur DabatBoy ijt eravn oftnr lovaik mnni jieuty fjr ?> ljurs, fjddjwaik <gjisngutavn ljurs jff euty. Jff-eutytabn as ijt aigduene ai tln ?>-ljurpnraje.

]nst Mrno`sBoy eravn jidy af < ljurs jr dnss lovn possne saignnie jf eravnr‑s dost jff-euty jr sdnnpnr mnrtl pnrajejf ot dnost 73 baiutns. Ejns ijt oppdy tj eravnrsusaik natlnr jf tln sljrt-loud nxgnptajis ai 71>.?(n).P51 GF] 71;.> boieotjry —ai ottnieoign‒ tabn boymn aigduene ai mrno` af ij jtlnr eutans pnrfjrbneR

63/;3-Ljur DabatBoy ijt eravn oftnr 63/;3 ljurs jieuty ai ;/< gjisngutavn eoys.

63/;3-Ljur DabatBoy ijt eravn oftnr 63/;3 ljurs ji euty ai ;/<gjisngutavn eoys. O eravnr boy rnstort o ;/<gjisngutavn eoy pnraje oftnr to`aik 75 jr bjrngjisngutavn ljurs jff euty.

Wdnnpnr Mnrtl SrjvasajiEravnrs usaik o sdnnpnr mnrtl bustto`n ot dnost < ljurs ai tln sdnnpnrmnrtl, oie boy spdat tln sdnnpnr mnrtltabn aitj twj pnrajes prjvaeneinatlnr as dnss tloi = ljurs.




1=

LJ^]W-JF-WN]VAGN ]^DNW

IJUAGN8 Uln Gjisjdaeotne oie Furtlnr Gjitaiuaik Opprjpraotajis Ogt jf =3?> wos niogtne ji Engnbmnr ?6,=3?5, suspnieaik nifjrgnbnit jf rnquarnbnits fjr usn jf tln75-ljur rnstort. Fjr bjrn aifjrbotaji snn FBGWO‑sFnenrod ]nkastnrijtagn8 www.fbgso.ejt.kjv/rnkudotajis/ljurs-snrvagn/ljurs-

snrvagn-eravnrs

Wdnnpnr Mnrtl SrjvasajiEravnrs usaik tln sdnnpnr mnrtl prjvasaji bust to`not dnost < gjisngutavn ljurs ai tln sdnnpnr mnrtl,pdus o snporotn = gjisngutavn ljurs natlnr ai tlnsdnnpnr mnrtl, jff euty, jr oiy gjbmaiotaji jf tlntwj.

^idnss spngafane jtlnrwasn, —eravnr(s)‒ ai tlas sngtaji rnfnrs tjprjpnrty-gorryaik eravnrs. Sossniknr-gorryaik eravnrs lovn sdakltdyeaffnrnit rnquarnbnits.

Oggjreaik tj H.H. @nddnr, o eravnr goi mn ji euty fjr bjrn tloifjurtnni ljurs, os djik os ln as ijt eravaik o GBV (nxgdueaiknxgnptajis).=1;

Mut tln nxtro ljurs wjr`ne wadd engrnosn tln tabn ln goi wjr` pnrtln 63/;3-ljur tabn dabat.=1< Uln LJW rnks oppdy tj —oiyjin wljknts mnlaie tln wlnnd‒ jf o GBV oie goi aigduen bngloiags(okoai, uidnss oi nxnbptaji/nxgnptaji oppdans).=11 Uln LJW rnksoppdy tj odd ljurs wjr`ne, rnkorednss jf wlntlnr tln eravnr as

wjr`aik fjr jin jr budtapdn gorranrs.733

Uj mn gjisaenrne —jff euty,‒ tln mndjw gjieatajis bust mn bnt8

—Uln eravnr bust mn rndanvne jf odd euty oie rnspjisamadatyfjr tln gorn oie gustjey jf tln vnlagdn, ats oggnssjrans, oieoiy gorkj jr possniknrs at boy mn gorryaik.‒73?




17

—Euraik tln stjp, oie fjr tln eurotaji jf tln stjp, tln

eravnr bust mn ot damnrty tj pursun ogtavatans jf las/lnr jwi

gljjsaik oie tj dnovn tln prnbasns wlnrn tln vnlagdn assatuotne.‒73=

Ulus, jtlnr stjps ‗ aigdueaik woataik tabns oie bnods ‗ goi odsjgjuit os jff-euty tabn.737 [ladn fnenrod rnks rnquarn tlot nvnrygloikn ai euty stotus mn rngjrene (sugl os fund stjps, aispngtajis,ntg.), tln rnks ej ijt rnquarn eravnrs tj ejgubnit nxogtdy wlot tlny

wnrn ejaik (os djik os tlny ijtn tln tabn stjppne oie djgotaji),mut boiy gorranrs ej rnquarn tln aigdusaji jf tljsn entoads.735 Eravnrs goi eavaen tlnar gjisngutavn —jff euty‒ ljurs aitj twjpnrajes os djik os8

Jin pnraje —as ot dnost naklt gjisngutavn ljurs ai o sdnnpnrmnrtl‒ oie tln jtlnr twj ljurs orn jff-euty jr ai tlnsdnnpnr mnrtl (jr mjtl)0 oie

Uln tabn eravaik mntwnni tln rnst pnrajes ejns ijt subjvnr ndnvni ljurs.73>

O eravnr wlj as eravaik oi uidjoene GBV oie as ij djiknr wjr`aik goi gjisaenr tabn spnit gjbbutaik jr trovndaik frjb lnrljtnd jr jtlnr djekaik tj o inormy rnstouroit os jff-euty (oi JJWeravnr, tljukl, goiijt usn o GBV tj eravn oiywlnrn).736 Eravnrsbust stjp fjr tlarty-baiutn mrno`s oftnr eravaik fjr nakltgjisngutavn ljurs oie bust djk tlnsn mrno`s os jff euty jr sdnnpnrmnrtl, mut tlnsn mrno`s ej rneugn tln eravnr‑s ovoadomdn fjurtnniljurs.73;

[lot orn tln rnquarnbnits fjr eravnr‑s djks:

O eravnr‑s djk bust aigduen aifjrbotaji sugl os tln mndjw8

Gloikns ai euty stotus (jff euty, sdnnpnr mnrtl, eravaik, jrji-euty ijt eravaik

Djgotajis jf gloikns ai euty stotus

Eotns Ujtod badns eravaik tjeoy

Urug` jr trogtjr oie troadnr iubmnr

Iobn jf Gorranr




15

Eravnr‑s sakioturn / gnrtafagotaji =5-ljur pnraje stortaik tabn

Boai jffagn oeernss ]nbor`s

Iobn jf gj-eravnr Ujtod ljurs Wlappaik ejgubnit iubmnr(s) jr iobn jf slappnr oie

gjbbjeaty

Ujtod badns eravaik tjeoy Gjbbnrgaod bjtjr vnlagdn aenitafagotaji

]ngjreaik eoys jff euty Kropl krae (tj mn rngjrene os spngafane ai 51 GF] 71>.<)

Uln rnkudotajis rnquarn eravnrs tj ̀ nnp tlnar djks up-tj-eotn euraiktln eoy oie bo`n/rntoai eupdagotns (sumbattaik tln jrakaiods tj tlngorranr watlai tlartnni eoys oftnr gjbpdntaji oie `nnpaik tlnb fjrsnvni eoys oie ai o djgotaji wlnrn tln djks goi mn rnoeadyaispngtne). Furtlnrbjrn, oiy djks orn rnquarne tj mn wrattni my tln

eravnr dnkamdy (uidnss outjbotag jimjoreaik nquapbnit as usne, wlagl as rnkudotne my 51 GF] 71>.?>).

Gorranrs orn rnquarne tj bjiatjr tlnsn djks oie, af usaik tln eravnrfjr tln farst tabn jr jidy jggosajioddy, —jmtoai frjb tln eravnr osakine stotnbnit kavaik tln tjtod tabn ji euty euraik tlnabbneaotndy prngneaik snvni eoys oie tln tabn ot wlagl tln eravnr

wos dost rndanvne frjb euty prajr tj mnkaiiaik wjr` fjr tln bjtjrgorranrs.‒73< Gorranrs bust rntoai odd —suppjrtaik‒ ejgubnits

rnkoreaik tlnar eravnrs‑ djks.731 Wuppjrtaik ejgubnits lovn invnrmnni spngafagoddy enfaine my tln FBGWO, mut tln FBGWO losaieagotne tlot o suppjrtaik ejgubnit as —oiy ejgubnit tlot asboaitoaine ai tln jreaiory gjursn jf musainss oie usne my tlnbjtjr gorranr tj vnrafy tln aifjrbotaji rngjrene ji tln eravnr‑srngjre-jf-euty stotus PdjkR.‒7?3 Nxobpdns gjude aigduen fundrngnapts, troffag gatotajis, madds jf doeaik, easpotgl rngjres, ntg.7??




1>

Uln fjddjwaik nxngutne spngabni krae addustrotns ljw o eravnr‑seuty stotus sljude mn rngjrene fjr o trap frjb ]aglbjie,

Varkaiao, tj Inwor`, Inw Hnrsny. Uln krae rnfdngts tln baeiaklttj baeiaklt twnity-fjur ljur pnraje.

Kropl Krae (Baeiaklt tj Baeiaklt Jpnrotaji)

Uln eravnr ai tlas aistoign rnpjrtne fjr euty ot tln bjtjrgorranr‑s tnrbaiod. Uln eravnr rnpjrtne fjr wjr` ot 6 o.b.,

lndpne djoe, glng`ne watl easpotgl, boen o prn-trap aispngtaji,oie pnrfjrbne jtlnr eutans uitad ;873 o.b. wlni tln eravnrmnkoi eravaik. Ot 1 o.b. tln eravnr loe o baijr oggaenit aiFrnenrag`smurk, Varkaiao, oie spnit jin lodf ljur loiedaikentoads watl tln djgod pjdagn. Uln eravnr orravne ot tlngjbpoiy‑s Modtabjrn, Borydoie, tnrbaiod ot ijji oie wnit tjduigl wladn baijr rnpoars wnrn boen tj tln trogtjr. Ot ? p.b.tln eravnr rnsubne tln trap oie boen o endavnry ai Sladoendplao,Sniisydvoiao, mntwnni 7 p.b. oie 7873 p.b. ot wlagl tabn tln

eravnr stortne eravaik okoai. ^pji orravod ot Glnrry Ladd, Inw Hnrsny, ot 5 p.b., tln eravnr nitnrne tln sdnnpnr mnrtl fjr o rnstmrno` uitad >85> p.b. ot wlagl tabn tln eravnr rnsubne eravaikokoai. Ot ; p.b. tln eravnr orravne ot tln gjbpoiy‑s tnrbaiod aiInwor`, Inw Hnrsny. Mntwnni ; p.b. oie < p.b. tln eravnrprnporne tln rnquarne popnrwjr` aigdueaik gjbpdntaik tlneravnr‑s rngjre jf euty stotus, eravnr vnlagdn aispngtaji rnpjrt,aisuroign rnpjrt fjr tln Frnenrag`smurk, Varkaiao, oggaenit,glng`ne fjr tln inxt eoy‑s easpotgl, ntg. Ot < p.b., tln eravnr

wnit jff euty.‒7?=

Ulnrn orn odsj outjbotag ji-mjore rngjreaik envagns tlot—outjbotagoddy rngjre, ot o baiabub, nikain usn, rjoe spnne, badnseravni, tln eotn, oie tabn jf eoy. Eravnrs nitnr jtlnr aifjrbotaji




16

rnquarne tj gjbpdntn tln ljurs-jf-snrvagn rngjres.‒7?7 NdngtrjiagDjkkaik Envagns orn odsj pnrbattne my tln FBGWO oie rnquarn

bjrn boiuod nitry frjb tln eravnr tloi oi outjbotag ji-mjorerngjreaik envagn.7?5

Qju sljude odwoys `nnp ai baie tlot at as gjbbji fjr trug`nrs tjfodsafy tlnar djkmjj`s, sj yju sljude vnrafy tlnar oggurogy mygjbporaik tlnb (ot dnost tln prajr tlarty eoys‑ djks) tj jtlnrejgubnits (sugl os gndd pljin rngjres) jr oiy ji-mjoreaik envagnjr sotnddatn gjbbuiagotaji systnb.7?> Os ijtne prnvajusdy, mndjworn `ny taps tj aenitafyaik fodsafane djks8

—Nxgnssavn badnokn fjr tln tabn trovndne‒

—Urug` eravnr‑s gurrnit rngjre jf euty stotus‒

—Aenitagod ruis‒

—Jidy ji-euty eravaik tabn‒

—Unob djks ej ijt botgl‒7?6

—Nvni wlni tln eravnr loe mnni eravaik jidy tlrnn ljurs mnfjrn

tln grosl, tlnrn as o kjje gloign yju goi sljw tlot tln eravnr wosogtuoddy jut jf snrvagn.‒7?; Aioggurogans ai tln djkmjj`s orn bjstgjbbji rnkoreaik —ji-euty-ijt-eravaik‒ oie sdnnpnr mnrtltabns.7?< [ly: Dorkndy eun tj tln fjddjwaik8

—O stuey my oi aieustry krjup, tln Urug`djoe Gorranrs Ossjgaotaji, sljws tlot eravnrs spnie os bugl os 77 tj 55ljurs o wnn` woataik tj djoe jr uidjoe tlnar gorkj. ^ienr

51 GF] § 71>.7(m), eravnrs orn oddjwne tj eravn jidy 73 jr53 ljurs ai o wnn` ai wlagl tlny oggubudotn tlot buglji-euty-ijt-eravaik tabn. Ljwnvnr, eravnrs orn fjrgne myngjijbag ingnssaty tj eravn bjrn tloi 53 ljurs, bnoiaiktlot tln gloigns orn vnry lakl tlot tlny orn rjutaindy ai

vajdotaji jf tln rnkudotajis kjvnriaik boxabub wjr`tabn.‒7?1

As tln gorranr odsj rnspjisamdn:

Gorranrs ej lovn o euty tj lovn o prjgneurod systnb ai pdogn fjr vnrafyaik eravnrs‑ djks oie nisuraik gjbpdaoign watl tln LJWrnkudotajis.7=3 Af yju os o progtatajinr faie nvni jin vajdotaji jf tlnLJW rnkudotajis, yju goi usn tlot vajdotaji os prjjf jf tln




1;

gorranr‑s inkdaknign ai o dotnr oggaenit.7=? (Qju orn uida`ndy tj mnomdn tj oevoign oi orkubnit jf LJW vajdotajis uidnss yju lovn

prjjf tlot tln eravnr‑s eastrogtne jr fotakune gjieugt ot dnostgjitramutne tj tln oggaenit.7== Ulnrnfjrn, at as oevasomdn tj larn oinxpnrt tj oiodyzn tln gorranr‑s LJW gjbpdaoign prjgneurns.7=7 )

Mnyjie gjbpdaoign watl tln spngafag LJW rnkudotaji, gorranrs innetj mn odnrt tj tlnar eravnrs‑ fotakun. Fnenrod rnkudotajis prjlamat ogorranr frjb oddjwaik o fotakune, uisofn eravnr tj gjitaiuneravaik.7=5 Af gorranrs ej ijt prjvaen eravnrs watl o trovndaikgjbpoiaji tj wori tlnb wlni tlny orn tjj tarne tj `nnp eravaik,gorranrs bust lovn jtlnr bntljes ai pdogn tj nisurn tlny ornprnvnitaik uisofndy fotakune eravnrs frjb eravaik.7=>

Boiy gorranrs lovn enportbnits envjtne tj sofnty jr sofnty oiegjbpdaoign.7=6 Mut tln prjmdnb as jftni tlot tlnsn enportbnitsgjignitrotn tjj bugl ji gjbpdaoign watl tln fnenrodkjvnribnit‑s baiabub stoieores, wlni sofnty godds fjr bjrn tloigjbpdaoign watl baiabub stoieores.7=; —“Gjbpdaoign‑ snn`s tj

ovjae o datnrod vajdotaji jf o rnkudotaji. “Wofnty‑ snn`s tj prnvnitgroslns, snrajus aihurans, oie enotls. Gjbpdaoign as sabpdy ijtsuffaganit.‒7=<

Furtlnrbjrn, tln bohjraty jf gorranrs ejns ijt sgrnni fjr sdnnpeasjrenrs wlni laraik eravnrs oie ej ijt nvni troai tlnar eravnrsrnkoreaik fotakun oie ats eoiknrs. Qnt tln aieustry los boentroaiaik botnraods nosady oggnssamdn tj gorranrs oie, tlus, eravnrs.7=1

Ulas foadurn jf gorranrs tj prjpnrdy wori eravnrs oie prnvnit tlnb

frjb eravaik wlni fotakune as nvaenign jf tln gorranrs‑—aieaffnrnign tj oie gjisgajus easrnkore fjr tln sofnty jf jtlnrsoie sljude mn enodt watl oggjreaikdy.‒773

[ly orn tln LJW rnks abpjrtoit:

Kjvnribnit stueans sukknst tlot fotakun boy gjitramutn tj twnitytj fjrty pnrgnit jf gjbbnrgaod troispjrtotaji oggaenits. Omaeaikmy tln rnkudotajis snt fjrtl my tln FBGWO (nspngaoddy tln LJW

rnks) goi sovn davns. Gjuitdnss stueans oie stotastags sljw tlot ostragt nifjrgnbnit jf tln LJW as ingnssory tj sovn davns oieaigrnosn nffaganigy jf tln gjbbnrgaod trug`aik aieustry. Oggaenitsaivjdvaik dorkn trug`s wadd loppni, mut boiy- nspngaoddy tljsn




1<

rndotne tj fotakun ‗ goi mn ovjaene my fjddjwaik tln FBGWO‑srnkudotajis.

[lni djjàik ot oggaenit stotastags, tln iubmnrs fjr trug` eravnrsoie fotakun orn quatn krab.77? Jf tlnsn krab stotastags, at wos fjuietlot o trug` eravnr‑s fotakun gjude mn gjbporne tj tln abpoarbnitgousne my tln gjisubptaji jf odgjljd. O trug` eravnr rnboaiaikowo`n fjr snvnitnni ljurs loe tln sobn nffngt os tln trug` eravnrlovaik o mdjje odgjljd gjitnit (MOG) jf .35 pnrgnit, tln dnkod dabatfjr o gjbbnrgaod trug` eravnr.77= Ulas sobn snvnitnni-ljur tabnpnraje watljut sdnnp rnsudtne ai rnspjisn tabns >3 pnrgnit sdjwnrtloi tlot jf o wndd-rnstne eravnr.777

O stuey odsj sljwne tlot trug` eravnrs watl twnity-jin ljurs jfsdnnpdnssinss loe tln nquavodnit jf 3.? pnrgnit MOG, wlagl boy mngjisaenrne erui` eravaik. ^dtabotndy, trug` eravnrs wlj foad tjjmtoai oenquotn rnst wadd da`ndy lovn abpoarne bjtjr sàdds mnyjietlot rnquarne tj jpnrotn o dorkn gjbbnrgaod vnlagdn. Ulnsn trugèravnrs orn o eoiknr ijt jidy tj tlnbsndvns mut odsj tj jtlnrs wlj

slorn tln aitnrstotns oie rjoewoys watl tlnb.

Jin stuey fjuie tlot fotakun dnoes tj tln fjddjwaik8

Aigrnosne dopsns jf ottnitaji0

Wdjwnr aifjrbotaji-prjgnssaik oie engasaji boàik0

Djiknr rnogtaji tabn tj gratagod nvnits0

Bjrn voraomdn oie dnss nffngtavn gjitrjd rnspjisns0

Engrnosne wotglfudinss0

Engrnosne odnrtinss tj eoiknr.775

Fnw easputn tlot tlnsn prjmdnbs lovn tln pjtnitaod tj mngjbnenoedy mnlaie tln wlnnd jf o trogtjr troadnr trug`. Ulus, at wos ijsurprasn tlot rnsnorglnrs fjuie tlot erjwsy eravaik aigrnosne oiaieavaeuod‑s grosl ras` my fjur tj sax tabns.77> Uln Dorkn Urug`Grosl Gousotaji Wtuey (DUGGW) rnpjrtne tlot ?7 pnrgnit jfgjbbnrgaod bjtjr vnlagdn (GBV) eravnrs wnrn gjisaenrne tj lovnmnni fotakune ot tln tabn jf tlnar grosl. (Fjr bjrn aifjrbotaji jitlas stuey, vasat www.fbgso.ejt.kjv.)

O iubmnr jf ynors okj, A wos aivjdvne ai o wrjikfud enotl gosn ai Oumuri, Odomobo, tlot lakldakltne tln inne fjr eravnrs tj oelnrntj tln rnkudotajis.776 Uln eravnr jpnrotne lnr trug` frjb




11

opprjxabotndy 6 o.b. uitad 7 o.b. tln inxt eoy rnsudtaik ai nxgnss jftwnity-jin ljurs jf ji-euty tabn. Wljgàikdy, sln loe jidy

prnvajusdy mnni jff euty dnss tloi tln rnquarne objuit, jidy lovaikloe o waiejw jf sax ljurs tj sdnnp. Ulas fotakune trug` eravnr àddneo stroiene bjtjrast wlj wos stoieaik mnsaen las por`ne vnlagdn.

Uln gjbpoiy wos fjrgne tj udtabotndy oebat tlot tlnar eravnr loe vajdotne tln LJW rnkudotajis tlot orn aitniene tj `nnp fotakuneeravnrs jff tln rjoe. Uln gjbpoiy nvni loe aitnriod ejgubnitsstotaik tlot fotakun àdds. Woedy, tln ejgubnit wos prjvni trun.

îfjrtuiotndy, boiy trugàik gjbpoians ej ijt lovn tlnprjgneurod sofnkuores ai pdogn tj rneugn tln da`ndaljje jf eravnrfotakun oie prnvnit vajdotajis jf tln fnenrod ji euty ljurrnkudotajis. Uln trugàik gjbpoiy ai tln gosn bnitajine omjvn

wos fjuie tj lovn bjrn tloi ?33 fotakun-rndotne vajdotajis jf tlnfnenrod rnkudotajis.77; Snrlops bjrn nkrnkajus wos tlot tln trugàikgjbpoiy tjj` tln trug` frjb tln eravnr oie tlni kovn at mog`

watlai jidy sax ljurs, krjssdy vajdotaik tln tni-ljur jff-euty rudn.77< Gdnordy, at wos jidy o bottnr jf tabn mnfjrn tlas gjrpjrotn gudturn jf

mrnoàik tln dow wjude rnsudt ai snrajus aihury jr o enotl.

Os enbjistrotne omjvn, fotodatans goi soedy mn o vnry rnod rnsudt jffotakune trug` eravnrs. Ai =331, o ljrrafag oggaenit jggurrne aiBaoba, J`doljbo, wlni o trug` eravnr mnkoi eravaik ot 7 o.b.tljukl ai las tnitl gjisngutavn ljur jf eravaik. Uln trug` eravnrfoadne tj ijtagn troffag loe stjppne ji tln aitnrstotn oie, ot 61bpl, sdobbne aitj tln mog` jf oi W^V oie gjitaiune tj eravnjvnr tlrnn oeeatajiod vnlagdns.771 Uln oggaenit rnsudtne ai tln enotl

jf tni pnjpdn oie aihurne favn jtlnrs.753 Oftnr oi aivnstakotaji, tlnIUWM fjuie tln gousn jf tln oggaenit wos fotakun eun tj ogutnsdnnp djss, gargoeaoi easruptaji ossjgaotne watl las wjr` sglneudn,oie bade sdnnp opino.75? Uln trug` eravnr loe sdnpt jidy favn ljursmnfjrn mnkaiiaik las eravn.75=

Os stotne ai o stuey earngtne my o dnoeaik luboifogtjrs/nrkjijbags sganitast, tln inkotavn saen nffngts jf eravnrfotakun aigduen tln mndjw8

?) Aigrnosne dopsns jf ottnitaji=) Wdjwnr aifjrbotaji prjgnssaik oie engasaji boàik7) Djiknr rnogtaji tj gratagod nvnits5)

Bjrn voraomdn oie dnss nffngtavn gjitrjd rnspjisns.757




?33

Ai oijtlnr rnpjrtne aigaenit, o fotod gjddasaji ai Wjutl Gorjdaio

aivjdvaik o trogtjr troadnr rnsudtne frjb o trug` eravnr wlj fnddosdnnp ot tln wlnnd.755 Uln trug` eravnr fndd osdnnp, eraftne jff tlnrjoe, oie owj`n hnràik mog` jitj tln rjoe.75> Uln eravnr wosfjuie tj suffnr frjb o sdnnp easjrenr. Ot dnost tlrnn pnjpdn wnrnàddne.756 Ai oijtlnr sabador gosn, oi nxpnrt watinss suspngtne tlneravnr loe foddni osdnnp ji tln frnnwoy ot =873 p.b.75; Uln rnsudt:

Uwnity-favn aihurne oie twndvn àddne.75<

[ly orn tln LJW rnkudotajis abpjrtoit: Uln omjvn nxobpdns ornhust o loiefud jut jf boiy tlot prjvn hust ljw gratagoddy ingnssory atas fjr eravnrs‑ ljurs ji tln rjoe tj mn rnkudotne oie bjiatjrnegdjsndy.

[lot as jr gousns fotakun:

Oiytabn o pnrsji as owo`n tlny orn ai tln prjgnss jf mngjbaikfotakune eun tj sdnnp enpravotaji. Fotakun goi aieugn sdnnpainss

oie engrnosn tln omadaty tj jpnrotn tln vnlagdn sofndy. Jin sdnnpnxpnrt los enbjistrotne fotakun watl tln fjddjwaik tomdn8

UOMDN8 W^BBO]Q JF DNVNDW

DNVND ? ‗ [AEN O[O@N, OMWJDÛNDQ FJ] W^]N OUSNO@ ODN]UINWW OIE NIN]KQ.DNVND = ‗ BOQ MN UA]NE, WDAKLUDQ UA]NE, GOIIJUWOQ —A OB OU SNO@ ODN]UINWW.‒

DNVND 7 ‗ ÎOBMAK^J^WDQ UA]NE.DNVND 5 ‗ VN]Q UA]NE, N\U]NBNDQ UA]NE, MÛ

OMWJDÛNDQ IJU WDNNSQ/E]J[WQ.DNVND > ‗ ÎOBMAK^J^WDQ WDNNSQ/E]J[WQ.751

Eravnrs‑ aigjisastnit sglneudns rnsudt ai aigjisastnit sdnnp pottnrisoie aigrnosne ras` jf fotakun.7>3 —Odtnrne gargoeaoi rlytlbs (suglos tljsn gousne my slaft wjr` jr tabn zjin grjssaiks) oie jtlnrfogtjrs gjude furtlnr nxognrmotn tln prnnxastaik sdnnpainss.‒7>?

Fotakun goi odsj mn gousne my sdnnp jrenrs.

—Odbjst iainty eaffnrnit sdnnp easjrenrs nxast. P. . .R Jinnxobpdn as sdnnp opino, o gjieataji ai wlagl oi aieavaeuod losmrnotlaik pousns tlrjukljut sdnnp. Ulas gousns woàik




?3?

sdnnpainss oie pnrfjrboigns engrnbnits, os wndd os jtlnrrndotne lnodtl prjmdnbs. Wtueans jf aieavaeuods watl sdnnp opino

lovn sljwi up tj snvni tabns aigrnosne ras` fjr gor oggaenits.Wdnnp easjrenrs, sugl os sdnnp opino, put aieavaeuods otaigrnosne ras` fjr sdnnpainss oie pjtnitaod pnrfjrboignrneugtajis.‒7>=

Jmstrugtavn sdnnp opino as prnvodnit ai os boiy os ?< baddaji Obnragois oie o dorkn iubmnr jf aieavaeuods watl tln lnodtlprjmdnb orn uieaokijsne. Eravnrs watl jmstrugtavn sdnnp opinolovn =.> tabns krnotnr ras` jf lovaik o laklwoy oggaenit tloi tljsn

watljut. Uln Obnragoi Urug`aik Ossjgaotaji stotns tlot ot dnost =1pnrgnit jf ats eravnrs lovn prjmdnbs watl sdnnp opino gjbporne

watl 5 pnrgnit jf tln kninrod pjpudotaji.

Os aieagotne omjvn, sdnnp opino as o easjrenr tlot easrupts tln sdnnpprjgnss, bo`aik tln offngtne aieavaeuod fnnd vnry tarne tln inxt eoy.Wdnnp opino as sj eoiknrjus tlot tln Fnenrod Bjtjr Gorranr Wofnty]nkudotajis fjrmae eravnrs eaokijsne watl sdnnp opino frjb eravaik

uitad tln sdnnp opino los mnni trnotne. Wnn Fnenrod Bjtjr GorranrWofnty ]nkudotajis, 51 G.F.]. § 71=.7

Wdnnp djss jf nvni jin jr twj ljurs goi sakiafagoitdy enkroenodnrtinss oie pnrfjrboign. Djst sdnnp jvnr suggnssavn eoys goigjbpjuie tln prjmdnb oie los o gubudotavn nffngt ji odnrtinssoie pnrfjrboign. Wdnnp enpravotaji goi jidy mn rnstjrne my knttaiksdnnp. Wdnnp enmt goi gousn o eravnr tj suffnr frjb lovaikbagrjsdnnps.

—Bagrjsdnnps orn mranf, uiaitniene npasjens jf djss jf ottnitajiossjgaotne watl nvnits sugl os mdoi` storn, lnoe sioppaik,prjdjikne nyn gdjsurn, oie sj ji, wlagl boy jggur wlni opnrsji as fotakune oie tryaik tj stoy owo`n tj pnrfjrb objijtjijus tos` da`n eravaik jr wotglaik o gjbputnr sgrnni.P. . .R “[ladn ai o bagrjsdnnp, o pnrsji foads tj rnspjie tjjutsaen aifjrbotaji. O pnrsji wadd ijt snn o rjoe sakiod daklt jrijtagn tlot tln rjoe los to`ni o gurvn.‑ Uln eoiknrs jf

bagrjsdnnps orn rnoeady oppornit.‒7>7




?3=

[lot goi tln eravnr ej tj mottdn fotakun:

Uln FBGWO prjvaens o iubmnr jf taps ji ats wnmsatn tj lndperavnrs ai mottdaik fotakun. [n prjvaen tlnsn taps ai tlas gloptnrmngousn tlny goi lndp yju os o progtatajinr ai nstomdaslaik o eravnr‑sinkdaknign ai foadaik tj to`n tln aieustry-rngjkiazne ingnssory stnps(nxnrgasn rnosjiomdn gorn).

Uln FBGWO‑s farst oie bjst jmvajus tap as tlot tln eravnr losnijukl sdnnp mnfjrn mnkaiiaik tln hjuriny.7>5 Uln eravnr sljudeovjae eravaik wlni at as ioturod tj mn sdnnpy (?= o.b. tj 6 o.b. oie =p.b. tj 5 p.b.) mngousn tln oknigy gjieugtne o stuey tlot fjuie oeravnr‑s ottnitavninss as —rndotne tj “tabn-jf-eoy‑ bjrn sj tloi“tabn-ji-tos`.‑‒7>> Uln oknigy nxpdoais tlot jur mjey los gargoeaoirlytlbs (aivjdvaik oi aitnriod gdjg`) wlagl offngt pnjpdn‑s ioturodpottnris jf odnrtinss.7>6 Os bnitajine omjvn, aisuffaganit sdnnp jidynxognrmotns tlnsn ioturod tabns jf aiottnitavninss.7>; Uln FBGWOodsj woris jf —sdnnp ainrtao‒ euraik tln farst ljur o eravnr los mnniowo`n oie ji tln rjoe.7><

Wngjie, o eravnr as oevasne tj not lnodtly tj niloign sdnnp (sdnnpaikji oi nbpty jr tjj fudd stjbogl goi easturm jin‑s sdnnp).7>1 Ulare,eravnrs orn urkne tj to`n iops jf ot dnost tni baiutns oie prnfnromdyot bjst fjrty-favn baiutns0 tlny sljude woat tj rnsubn eravaik uitadtlny lovn loe faftnni baiutns tj faklt jff tln sdnnp ainrtao.763

Fjurtl, eravnrs sljude ijt to`n bneagotaji tlot baklt bo`n tlnbsdnnpy (aigdueaik oddnrky oie gjde bneagotajis).76? Uln oknigy soys

suffnraik frjb gjde sybptjbs as sofnr tloi ras`aik tln gjdebneagain‑s nffngts ji jin‑s eravaik.76= Ai fogt, jin stuey fjuie ?;pnrgnit jf GBV eravnrs aivjdvne ai oggaenits wnrn usaik —jvnr-tln-gjuitnr‒ bneagotajis wlni tln oggaenit jggurrne.767

Faftl, eravnrs bust dnori tj ijtagn —tln sakiods oie eoiknrs jferjwsainss,‒ aigdueaik —frnqunit yowiaik, lnovy nyns, oie mdurrne

vasaji.‒765 Ai =33>, o stuey fjuie tlrnn jut jf fjur GBV eravnrs`ijw tlny boen ot dnost jin eravaik nrrjr mngousn tlny wnrn

erjwsy.76> Uj lndp eravnrs rngjkiazn tln abpjrtoign jf ijtagaiktlnar sdnnpainss, tln FBGWO rngjuits tln mndjw ljrrafag grosl8

—Ji Jgtjmnr ?6, =33>, ot = o.b., o =7-ynor-jde GBV eravnr fnddosdnnp mnlaie tln wlnnd, gousaik lab tj nitnr o eatgl oie




?37

nvnituoddy rjdd las trug` jvnr ji mjtl wnst-mjuie doins jfAitnrstotn 15. Baiutns dotnr, o glortnr mus gorryaik o sgljjd

moie groslne aitj tln trug`, àddaik favn oie aihuraik twnity-iain jtlnrs. Os o rnsudt jf tln grosl, tln GBV eravnr wosglorkne watl favn gjuits jf ljbagaen my inkdaknit jpnrotaji jfo vnlagdn oie twnity-iain gjuits jf rng`dnss eravaik tlotgousne krnot mjeady lorb. Af gjivagtne ln gjude lovn fogneinordy iainty ynors ai prasji.‒766

Waxtl, tln FBGWO woris eravnrs tlot sbjàik, dastniaik tj tlnroeaj, oie jtlnr sabador ogtavatans ej ijt trudy sjdvn o eravnr‑serjwsainss prjmdnb.76;

Ai oeeataji, tnglijdjky oie envagns lovn mnni envndjpne tj lndpjin ai tln mottdn okoaist fotakun, aigdueaik tln mndjw8

—Ogtakroply usns o wrastwotgl-da`n envagn (bjst lovn oiogtuod wotgl muadt ai) tj bnosurn plysajdjkagod gloikns oieossnssns sdnnp, rnst oie ogtavaty pottnris.‒76<

—Oijtlnr gotnkjry jf tnglijdjky usns nyn bnosurnbnitstj nstabotn fotakun. Wjbn jf tlnsn kavn oi odnrt wlni tlnrnas abpnieaik fotakun jr prjvaen oi odnrtinss sgodn.‒761

—Oijtlnr dain jf tnglijdjky usns vnlagdn bjvnbnit suglos doin trogàik oie stnnraik aiput tj nstabotn fotakun.‒7;3

—Eravngobs orn prjmomdy knttaik tln bjst ottnitaji ai tlnaieustry. Ulnsn gobnros lovn tln omadaty tj rngjre tlnrjoewoy olnoe oie tln eravnr ai tln gom. Wjbn aigduenKSW oie spnne gopomadatans.‒7;?

—Ssygljbjtjr tnglijdjkans bnosurn aiputs sugl osrnogtaji tabn oie loie-nyn gjjreaiotaji tj nstabotnfotakun.‒7;=

[ly as eravnr fotakun sugl oi jikjaik assun:

[lni fotakun as sugl o ìjwi, eoiknrjus prjmdnb, oie wlni suglentoadne rnkudotajis ottnbpt tj rneugn tln prnsnign jf fotakun ji

jur rjoes, wly tlni ejns fotakun gjitaiun tj mn tln boai gousn jfoggaenits:

Jin rnosji gjude mn tln nxpdjsaji jf outljrazne bjtjr gorranrs,ijw inoraik ? baddaji.7;7 Ulas grnotns oi nivarjibnit jf




?35

uirnstragtne gjbpntataji oie, tlus, djwnr eravnr poy.7;5 Mngousneravnrs orn stadd praborady poae —my tln badn,‒ tlny orn bjtavotne tj

eravn os for oie djik os pjssamdn ‗ nvni wlni tlny ìjw tlny orntjj tarne tj gjitaiun.7;> Furtlnr, eravnrs orn ijt usuoddy poae fjr tlntabn spnit uidjoeaik oie djoeaik, sj eravnrs try tj —bo`n up fjrdjst tabn‒ my eravaik wlni tlny sljude ijt.7;6

Ai jin gosn, tln eravnr erjvn bjrn tloi twnity-jin ljurs0 tlngorranr loe rnquarne lab tj bo`n fjur stjps ai oi abpjssamdy sljrttabn. [ly ejns tln gorranr ej tlot: Uabn as bjiny wlni mnlaietln wlnnd. Ulny bjvn tln botnraod tj tln enstaiotaji, knt o inwdjoe, oie bo`n bjrn0 tlny orn tryaik tj `nnp tlot trug` oie systnbruiiaik. [lni tln trug` asi‑t bjvaik, at asi‑t boàik bjiny.

Urug` eravnrs orn muyaik tlaiks da`n favn-ljur ninrky erai`smngousn tlny orn uienr sugl abbnisn prnssurn tj `nnp tln trug`srjddaik.

Oijtlnr rnosji gjude mn tlot fnw pnjpdn trudy wasl tj wjr`snvnity tj ?33 ljurs o wnn` owoy frjb tlnar fobadans, noriaik dattdn

jr ij bjrn tloi sjbnjin wjràik —o sniajr fost-fjje snrvagnhjm.‒7;; (Uln Foar Domjr Wtoieores Ogt ejns ijt gjvnr trugèravnrs.7;< )




?3>

Boaitnioign

FO_s

?) [lot ejns tln kjvnribnit rnquarn rnkoreaik boaitnioign:=) Orn mjtl gorranrs oie eravnrs rnspjisamdn fjr boaitnioign:7) [lot orn ports tlot A os o progtatajinr sljude wotgl fjr

mnaik enfngtavn jr inkdaknitdy rnpoarne/boaitoaine:5) [lot orn gjbbji basgjignptajis omjut mro`ns:>) [lot orn gjbbji gousns jf tarn foadurn:

Aitrjeugtaji

Sorodyzne. Oi $?<.;1 baddaji vnreagt. Uln gousn: Inkdaknit rnpoarjf tln trug` aivjdvne ai tln grosl.7;1

Ai o eaffnrnit, odsj ljrrafag gosn gurrnitdy loiedne my jur farb, opjdagn jffagnr wos rnspjieaik tj oi nbnrknigy godd wlni o trugèravnr strug` oie àddne lab. —‑Uln trug` eravnr wos gatne fjriubnrjus vajdotajis jf Fnenrod Bjtjr Gorranr Wofnty Ogtrnkudotajis. Uljsn vajdotajis aigduene rnspjisamadatans ln los os oeravnr ji tln rjoe oie tljsn las trugàik gjbpoiy los tj boaitoaio sofn vnlagdn,‑ Mnosdny Oddni Sraigapod & Fjuienr Hnrn Mnosdnysoae.‒7<3

[ladn eravnrs orn usuoddy ot dnost portaoddy ot foudt ai trugàik

gjddasajis, ai tln gosn bnitajine omjvn aivjdvaik oi $?<.;1 baddaji vnreagt, tln pdoaitaff wos ogtuoddy tln eravnr.7<? Uln eoy jf tlngjddasaji, tln eravnr loe nvni gjbpdoaine tj tln gorranr tlot tln

vnlagdn suspnisaji wos vamrotaik.7<= Uln trug` loe hust rngnitdymnni snrvagne, mut tln snrvagnr loe dnft tln dotnrod gjitrjd rjeentoglne.7<7 Uln eravnr‑s spain wos snvnrne wlni tln trug` groslne0ln spnit twj bjitls ai tln ljspatod oie las ljusn loe tj mnrnfattne tj mn wlnndgloar oggnssamdn.7<5

Boiy oggaenits orn ottramutomdn tj bngloiagod foadurns ai ogjbbnrgaod vnlagdn. Fnenrod rnkudotajis rnquarn bjtjr gorranrs tjsystnbotagoddy aispngt, boaitoai, oie rnpoar odd bjtjr vnlagdnssumhngt tj tlnar gjitrjd. Ulnsn rnkudotajis odsj rnquarn tlot tlntrug` oie ats gjbpjinit ports bust mn ai sofn jpnrotaik gjieataji




?36

ot odd tabns. O bjtjr gorranr goi mn lnde rnspjisamdn fjr oiy aihurygousne my ats foadurn tj prjpnrdy aispngt, boaitoai jr rnpoar oiy

nquapbnit ai ats gjitrjd. Fjr nxobpdn, jin jf tln fogtjrs jf tlnMOWAG sgjrn as —vnlagdn boaitnioign.‒ Wnn Gloptnr Uwj fjr oentoadne easgussaji jf tln MOWAG sgjrn.

Ai =3?3, ?7.> pnrgnit jf tln vnlagdns aispngtne wnrn pdogne jut jfsnrvagn mngousn jf moe mro`ns. At sljude ijt mn ossubne tlot tlntrug` as wndd boaitoaine mngousn tlnrn as o kjje gloign tlot at asijt. Jur farb rngnitdy jmtoaine o vnreagt jf $7.> baddaji okoaist otrug`aik gjbpoiy ai port eun tj pjjr boaitnioign jf tln trug`‑smro`ns.

Jin fogt yju os tln progtatajinr inne tj `nnp ai baie as tlot trug`saivjdvne ai oggaenits orn boiy tabns rnpoarne oie mog` ji tln rjoemnfjrn larne nxpnrts lovn o gloign tj nxobain tln vnlagdns.7<> Ai objrn krovn grosl, sjbntabns —o spngaod gjbbnrgaod vnlagdnnifjrgnbnit jffagnr‒ aispngts tln eravnr oie vnlagdn (prajr tj tlnarmnaik pdogne mog` ai snrvagn) oie rnpjrts las faieaiks ai o

—Gjbbnrgaod Vnlagdn Aispngtaji ]npjrt.‒7<6

Qju inne tj djgotn ogjpy jf tlas rnpjrt raklt owoy, saign yjur nxpnrt wadd inne tj usn atai las aivnstakotaji.7<; Uln rnpjrt wadd gjitoai o voranty jf entoadsaigdueaik tln fjddjwaik8

Eravnr djks

Bjtjr gorranr aifjrbotaji

Nxogt mro`n oehustbnit bnosurnbnits

Uarn gjieataji

Oiy bngloiagod vajdotajis easgjvnrne fjddjwaik tlnoggaenit7<<

[lot pnjpdn jftni ej ijt rnodazn as tlot trug`s‑ boiy ports ornusuoddy boiufogturne oie ossnbmdne my budtapdn gjbpoians.7<1 —Oinxobpdn wjude mn o Sntnrmadt trug` watl o Gubbais nikain, oi

Oddasji troisbassaji, Notji eaffnrnitaods, oie o Mnieax mro`nsystnb. O eaffnrnit gjbpoiy boiufogturns nogl jf tlnsn bohjrgjbpjinits.‒713 Nvnry boiufogturnr prnsgramns eaffnrnitboaitnioign rnquarnbnits oie sglneudns fjr ats ports.71? Ujj,trug`s orn usne fjr sugl o waen voranty jf rnosjis oie ai o waen

voranty jf gjieatajis.71= Mjtl jf tlnsn fogtjrs ailamat dnkasdotaikboaitnioign sglneudns.717 Ulnrnfjrn, gorranrs sljude nstomdaslboaitnioign systnbs oie prjgneurns mosne ji gornfud




?3;

uienrstoieaik jf tln fnenrod oie stotn rnkudotajis tlot ej nxast os wndd os aieustry nxpngtotajis.715

[lot ejns tln kjvnribnit rnquarn:

Enspatn tln eaffagudty ai dnkasdotaik boaitnioign (nxpdoaine omjvn),tln fnenrod kjvnribnit los snt jut o iubmnr jf kuaendains fjrgorranrs oie eravnrs rnkoreaik tln boaitnioign jf tlnar vnlagdns.Nogl gorranr as rnquarne tj rjutaindy —aispngt, rnpoar, oie boaitoai‒odd vnlagdns tlot at gjitrjds fjr ot dnost tlarty gjisngutavn eoys.71> —Sorts oie oggnssjrans slodd mn ai sofn oie prjpnr jpnrotaikgjieataji ot odd tabns.‒716 Uln rnkudotajis furtlnr spngafy tlnsnports oie oggnssjrans ai § 717, ijtaik tlot sngtaji as ijt ogjbprnlnisavn dast (odd ports oie oggnssjrans offngtaik o vnlagdn‑ssofnty sljude mn boaitoaine, aigdueaik frobns, suspnisajis, ntg.).71;

Gorranrs orn rnquarne tj `nnp rngjres ji nogl vnlagdn fjr jin ynorai tln pdogn wlnrn tln vnlagdn as —ljusne jr boaitoaine‒ oie fjr

sax bjitls oftnr tln gorranr ij djiknr gjitrjds tln vnlagdn.71<

]ngjres orn tj gjitoai tln mndjw aifjrbotaji8

—Oi aenitafagotaji jf tln vnlagdn aigdueaik gjbpoiyiubmnr, af sj bor`ne0 bo`n, snraod iubmnr, ynor, oie tarnsazn. Ai oeeataji, af tln bjtjr vnlagdn as ijt jwine my tlnbjtjr gorranr, tln rngjre slodd aenitafy tln iobn jf tlnpnrsji furiaslaik tln vnlagdn0

O bnois tj aieagotn tln ioturn oie eun eotn jf tln vorajus

aispngtaji oie boaitnioign jpnrotajis tj mn pnrfjrbne0 O rngjre jf aispngtaji, rnpoars, oie boaitnioign aieagotaik

tlnar eotn oie ioturn0 oie

O rngjre jf tnsts gjieugtne ji pusljut waiejws,

nbnrknigy ejjrs, oie nbnrknigy ejjr bor`aik daklts jimusns.‒711

Gorranrs orn rnquarne tj nisurn prjpnr dumragotaji jf nogl vnlagdnoie, furtlnr, nisurn tln vnlagdns lovn ij jad jr krnosn dno`s.533

Kavni tln omjvn rnquarnbnits, o gorranr goiijt oddjw o vnlagdn tjmn eravni af tln vnlagdn‑s gjieataji as da`ndy tj rnsudt ai oi oggaenitjr mrno`ejwi.53? Af tln vnlagdn‑s gjieataji as fjuie tj mn uisofn

wladn ji tln rjoe (uisofn nijukl tlot tj rnboai ji tln rjoe wjude




?3<

nieoiknr tln pumdag), tln eravnr bust eravn at jidy for nijukl tjfaie o djgotaji tj sofndy rnpoar tln vnlagdn.53=

FBGWO spngaod oknits lovn tln outljraty tj nitnr oie pnrfjrbaispngtajis jf o gorranr‑s jpnrotaik vnlagdns.537 Uln eravnr‑saispngtaji rnpjrts (Eravnr Vnlagdn Nxobaiotaji ]npjrt) sljudeaigduen tln jutgjbns jf oiy aispngtajis gjbpdntne my FBGWOjffagaods.535 Af o vnlagdn‑s bngloiagod gjieataji as da`ndy tj gousn oioggaenit jr mrno`ejwi, —outljrazne pnrsjiind‒ bust engdorn atJJW oie usn o stag`nr tj bor` tln vnlagdns os sugl.53>

Ai ats oppnieax, tln rnkudotajis prjvaen o lakldy entoadne dast jf tlnports oie oggnssjrans tlot bust mn aispngtne0 tlas dast tljukl as jidytln baiabub.536 —Fjr nxobpdn, fjr o trogtjr snbatroadnr, fudd troadnrgjbmaiotaji, tln trogtjr, snbatroadnr, oie tln fudd troadnr (aigdueaiktln gjivnrtnr ejddy af sj nquappne) bust nogl mn aispngtne.‒53; At astln gorranr‑s rnspjisamadaty tj nisurn ats vnlagdns orn boaitoaine otdnost ot tlas baiabub stoieore.53< Furtlnrbjrn, af o vnlagdn los ijtmnni aispngtne oggjreaik tj ot dnost tln baiabub spngafagotajis ot

dnost jign watlai tln prnvajus twndvn bjitls oie af ejgubnitotajijf sugl aispngtaji as ijt ogtuoddy ai jr ji tln vnlagdn, tlni tlngorranr goiijt pnrbat tln vnlagdn tj mn eravni.531 Ulnejgubnitotaji bust aigduen tln fjddjwaik8

—Uln eotn jf aispngtaji0

Iobn oie oeernss jf tln bjtjr gorranr, aitnrbjeodnquapbnit prjvaenr, jr jtlnr nitaty wlnrn tlnaispngtaji rnpjrt as boaitoaine0

Aifjrbotaji uiaqundy aenitafyaik tln vnlagdn aispngtneaf ijt gdnordy bor`ne ji tln bjtjr vnlagdn0 oie

O gnrtafagotaji tlot tln vnlagdn los possne oi

aispngtaji ai oggjreoign watl §716.?;.‒5?3

Gorranrs goi pnrfjrb tln aispngtajis jr larn jtlnrs (sugl os o trug`stjp, gjbbnrgaod korokn, ntg.), os djik os tln aispngtajis ornpnrfjrbne my aispngtjrs tlot bnnt tln quodafagotajis spngafane ai 51GF] § 716.?1. O vnlagdn goi mn gjisaenrne tj lovn loe ats

oiiuoddy rnquarne aispngtaji af at uienrkjns o rjoesaen aispngtajijr pnrajeag aispngtaji uienr tln gjitrjd jf jr my o stotn jr fnenrodkjvnribnit jffagaod oie tlot aispngtaji bnnts tln baiabubspngafagotajis.5??




?31

Uln mndjw orn tln rnquarne quodafagotajis fjr aispngtjrs8

(?)

—^ienrstoie tln aispngtaji gratnrao snt fjrtl ai port 717oie oppnieax K jf tlas sumgloptnr oie goi aenitafyenfngtavn gjbpjinits0

(=) Orn `ijwdneknomdn jf oie lovn bostnrne tln bntljes,prjgneurns, tjjds, oie nquapbnit usne wlni pnrfjrbaikoi aispngtaji0 oie

(7) Orn gopomdn jf pnrfjrbaik oi aispngtaji my rnosji jfnxpnranign, troaiaik, jr mjtl os fjddjws8

(a) Wuggnssfuddy gjbpdntne o Fnenrod- jr Wtotn-spjisjrne troaiaik prjkrob jr lovn ognrtafagotn frjb o Wtotn jr Goioeaoi Srjvaigntlot quodafans tln aieavaeuods tj pnrfjrbgjbbnrgaod bjtjr vnlagdn sofnty aispngtajis,jr

(aa) Lovn o gjbmaiotaji jf troaiaik jr nxpnranigntjtodaik ot dnost jin ynor. Wugl troaiaik jrnxpnranign boy gjisast jf8

(O)

Sortagapotaji ai o gjbbnrgaod bjtjr vnlagdn boiufogturnr-spjisjrnetroaiaik prjkrob jr sabador gjbbnrgaodtroaiaik prjkrob ensakine tj troaistuenits ai gjbbnrgaod bjtjr vnlagdnjpnrotaji oie boaitnioign0

(M) Nxpnranign os o bngloiag jr aispngtjrai o bjtjr gorranr jr aitnrbjeodnquapbnit boaitnioign prjkrob0

(G)

Nxpnranign os o bngloiag jr aispngtjrai gjbbnrgaod bjtjr vnlagdnboaitnioign ot o gjbbnrgaod korokn,fdnnt dnosaik gjbpoiy, jr sabadorfogadaty0 jr

(E) Nxpnranign os o gjbbnrgaod bjtjr vnlagdn aispngtjr fjr o Wtotn, Srjvaigaodjr Fnenrod kjvnribnit.‒5?=

Furtlnr, quodafane aispngtjrs bust prnporn o rnpjrt tlot8

(?) —Aenitafans tln aieavaeuod pnrfjrbaik tln aispngtaji0




??3

(=) Aenitafans tln bjtjr gorranr jpnrotaik tln vnlagdn jraitnrbjeod nquapbnit prjvaenr aitnieaik tj aitnrgloikn

tln vnlagdn tj o bjtjr gorranr0(7) Aenitafans tln eotn jf tln aispngtaji0(5) Aenitafans tln vnlagdn aispngtne0(>) Aenitafans tln vnlagdn gjbpjinits aispngtne oie ensgramns

tln rnsudts jf tln aispngtaji, aigdueaik tln aenitafagotaji jftljsn gjbpjinits ijt bnntaik tln baiabub stoieores sntfjrtl ai oppnieax K tj tlas sumgloptnr0 oie

(6) Gnrtafans tln oggurogy oie gjbpdntninss jf tln aispngtajios gjbpdyaik watl odd tln rnquarnbnits jf tlas sngtaji.‒5?7

Uln aispngtjr‑s rnpjrt as rnquarne tj mn `npt ot tln djgotaji wlnrn—tln vnlagdn as natlnr ljusne jr boaitoaine‒ fjr fjurtnni bjitlsoie los tj mn ovoadomdn —upji enboie‒ my oiy kjvnribnitjffagaod.5?5

Furtlnrbjrn, tln rnkudotajis enfain mro`n aispngtjrs os tlnfjddjwaik8

—oiy nbpdjynn jf o bjtjr gorranr jr aitnrbjeod nquapbnitprjvaenr wlj as rnspjisamdn fjr nisuraik tlot odd mro`naispngtajis, boaitnioign, snrvagn, jr rnpoars tj oiygjbbnrgaod bjtjr vnlagdn, sumhngt tj tln bjtjr gorranr‑s jraitnrbjeod nquapbnit prjvaenr‑s gjitrjd, bnnt tlnoppdagomdn Fnenrod stoieores.‒5?>

Uln rnkudotajis furtlnr spngafy tlot tlnsn mro`n aispngtjrs bust

bnnt tln fjddjwaik quodafagotajis8

(?) —^ienrstoies tln mro`n snrvagn jr aispngtaji tos` tj mnoggjbpdaslne oie goi pnrfjrb tlot tos`0 oie

(=) As `ijwdneknomdn jf oie los bostnrne tln bntljes,prjgneurns, tjjds oie nquapbnit usne wlni pnrfjrbaik oiossakine mro`n snrvagn jr aispngtaji tos`0 oie

(7) As gopomdn jf pnrfjrbaik tln ossakine mro`n snrvagn jraispngtaji my rnosji jf nxpnranign, troaiaik, jr mjtl os

fjddjws8(a) Los suggnssfuddy gjbpdntne oi opprnitagnslap

prjkrob spjisjrne my o Wtotn, o GoioeaoiSrjvaign, o Fnenrod oknigy jr o domjr uiaji,jr o troaiaik prjkrob opprjvne my o Wtotn,




???

Srjvaigaod jr Fnenrod oknigy, jr los ognrtafagotn frjb o Wtotn jr Goioeaoi Srjvaign

tlot quodafans tln pnrsji tj pnrfjrb tlnossakine mro`n snrvagn jr aispngtaji tos`(aigdueaik possokn jf Gjbbnrgaod Eravnr‑sDagnisn oar mro`n tnsts ai tln gosn jf o mro`naispngtaji)0 jr

(aa) Los mro`n-rndotne troaiaik jr nxpnranign jr ogjbmaiotaji tlnrnjf tjtodaik ot dnost jin ynor.Wugl troaiaik jr nxpnranign boy gjisast jf8

(O) Sortagapotaji ai o troaiaik prjkrobspjisjrne my o mro`n jr vnlagdnboiufogturnr jr sabador gjbbnrgaodtroaiaik prjkrob ensakine tj troaistuenits ai mro`n boaitnioign jraispngtaji sabador tj tln ossakine mro`nsnrvagn jr aispngtaji tos`s0 jr

(M) Nxpnranign pnrfjrbaik mro`nboaitnioign jr aispngtaji sabador tj

tln ossakine mro`n snrvagn jr aispngtajitos` ai o bjtjr gorranr jr aitnrbjeodnquapbnit prjvaenr boaitnioignprjkrob0 jr

(G) Nxpnranign pnrfjrbaik mro`nboaitnioign jr aispngtaji sabador tjtln ossakine mro`n snrvagn jr aispngtajitos` ot o gjbbnrgaod korokn, fdnntdnosaik gjbpoiy, jr sabador fogadaty.‒5?6

Ejgubnitotaji jf o mro`n aispngtjr‑s quodafagotajis bust mn `npt wlnrn oie wladn tln aispngtjr as nbpdjyne oie fjr jin ynorfjddjwaik.5?; (Wugl ejgubnitotaji as ijt rnquarne fjr oiyjin wljlos possne tln GED tnst, saign tln tnst aigduens o pjrtaji fjgusneji oar mro`n `ijwdnekn oie s`adds.5?< )

—_uodafane, troaine tngliagaois orn tln lnort‒ jf o gorranr‑sboaitnioign prjkrob, wlntlnr tln gorranr los o fnw jr boiy

trug`s.5?1 [atljut quodafane aispngtjrs, gorranrs oie eravnrs goiijtmn gnrtoai jf tlnar sofnty ji tln rjoe.5=3 Uln aieustry prjvaensboiy gnrtafagotajis, aigdueaik fjr bneaub- oie lnovy-euty trug`s,farn opporotus, oie jtlnr spngafag prjeugts oie gjbpjinits usne aitrug`s.5=?




??=

Ai oeeataji, eravnrs lovn o rjdn ai nisuraik tln prjpnr

boaitnioign/rnpoar jf tln trug`s tlny eravn. Os easgussne ai jurgloptnr rnkoreaik eravnrs, eravnrs bust bo`n prn-trap oie pjst-trapaispngtajis. Mnfjrn mnkaiiaik o hjuriny, tln eravnr as rnquarne myfnenrod rnkudotajis tj mn —sotasfane‒ tlot mosag mut spngafagnquapbnit oie ports orn —ovoadomdn‒ oie —ai kjje wjràikjrenr.‒5== Uln eravnr as odsj rnquarne tj glng` tlot nvnrytlaik,aigdueaik tln gorkj, as prjpnrdy eastramutne oie sngurne.5=7 —Faioddy,tln eravnr bust rnvanw tln dost eravnr‑s vnlagdn aispngtaji rnpjrt(EVA]) oie saki at af enfngts jr enfaganigans wnrn rnpjrtne.‒5=5

Furtlnr, tln GEDB prjvaens entoadne glng`dasts jf ijt jidy tlnbohjr nquapbnit jr ports tj aispngt, mut odsj tln typns jf enfngtsoie wnor oie tnor fjr wlagl tln eravnr sljude mn djjàik. Snr tlnGEDB, tln eravnr bust gjbpdntn o prn-trap aispngtaji tj ovjae oioggaenit jr mrnoèjwi.5=> Uln GEDB oevasns opprjoglaik tln

vnlagdn jmsnrvoitdy oie usaik tln fjddjwaik snvni-stnp aispngtajibntlje8

?.

—Ej o vnlagdn jvnrvanw.‒=.

—Glng` nikain gjbportbnit.‒7.

—Wtort nikain oie aispngt aisaen tln gom.‒5. —Uuri jff nikain oie glng` daklts.‒>. —Ej wod`-orjuie aispngtaji.‒6. —Glng` sakiod daklts.‒;.

—Wtort tln nikain oie glng`.5=6

Uln GEDB‑s entoadne —sum-stnps‒ watlai tlnsn stnps aigduen suglsofnty bnosurns os tnstaik tln mro`ns, glngàik tln gorkjsngurnbnits, boàik surn tln dagnisn pdotn(s) as gdnoi oie sngurn,nisuraik tln rnfdngtjrs orn gdnoi watl tln prjpnr gjdjr, ntg.5=; UlnGEDB odsj oevasns aispngtajis euraik traps, aigdueaik wotglaikkoukns oie glngàik ot stjps tln tarns, wlnnds, rabs, mro`ns, daklts,rnfdngtjrs, mro`ns, ndngtragod gjiingtajis, gjupdaik envagns, oiegorkj sngurnbnit envagns.5=<




??7

Dostdy, ot tln —gjbpdntaji jf nogl eoy‑s wjr`,‒ tln eravnr bustgjbpdntn oi aispngtaji tlot bust aigduen ot dnost tln fjddjwaik8

Wnrvagn mro`ns,aigdueaik troadnr mro`ngjiingtajis

Sor`aik mro`n

Wtnnraik bngloiasb

Dakltaik envagns oiernfdngtjrs

Uarns

Ljri

[aieslande wapnrs

]nor vasaji barrjrs

Gjupdaik envagns

[lnnds oie rabs

Nbnrknigynquapbnit.5=1

Uln eravnr ejns ijt lovn tj `nnp lnr rnpjrt ai tln vnlagdn oie goiaistnoe fadn at abbneaotndy.573

^dtabotndy, os ensgramne my H.H. @nddnr, —eravnrs orn rnquarne tjglng` tlnar djoes8

Mnfjrn tln trap storts,

[atlai tln farst fafty badns oftnr mnkaiiaik tln trap, oie [lninvnr tln eravnr bo`ns o gloikn jf euty stotus jr oftnr

tln vnlagdn los mnni eravni fjr tlrnn ljurs jr ?>3 badns, wlaglnvnr jggurs farst.‒57?

Djgotajis sugl os wnakl stotajis oie pjrtomdn sgodns (wlagl usn tlnGjbbnrgaod Bjtjr Vnlagdn Wofnty Oddaoign aispngtaji stoieoresoie tln FBGW]) gjieugt rjoesaen aispngtajis.57= Oftnr sugl oi

aispngtaji my o stotn jr FBGWO jffagaod, tln eravnr bust —endavnrtln rnpjrt tj tln bjtjr gorranr upji orravod ot tln inxt tnrbaiod jrfogadaty. Af tln eravnr as ijt sglneudne tj orravn ot o tnrbaiod jrfogadaty watlai twnity-fjur ljurs, ln/sln bust abbneaotndy boad tlnrnpjrt tj tln gorranr.‒577

S]OGUAGOD N\OBSDNW

Uln fuigtajiodaty jf nvnry port oie oggnssjry ai o trug` as gratagod.

Fjr nxobpdn, boaitnioign fogtjrs goi offngt tln addubaiotajieastoign jf tln lnoedaklts ji o trug`. At as abpjrtoit tj vnrafy tlnlnoedaklts wnrn wjr`aik prjpnrdy, oehustne gjrrngtdy, oie frnn frjbeart oie enmras (tlas as mnst ejin watl oi nordy aispngtaji0 mut af tlot




??5

as ijt pjssamdn, yju boy mn omdn tj usn oiy pljtjkropls to`ni ottln oggaenit fjr yjur vnrafagotaji).

Ai Borgl =3?>, tln FBGWO slut ejwi o Bjrtasn Urugàik gorranr—fjddjwaik rjoesaen sofnty aispngtajis fjr bngloiagod enfngtsaigdueaik aioenquotn mro`ns, mro`n systnb prnssurn djss, jad-gjitobaiotne mro`n oie stnnraik gjbpjinits, oie wjri tarns.‒575

[n wadd fjgus tln rnboaienr jf tln gloptnr ji tln twj `ny progtagodnxobpdns bnitajine ai tln Bjrtasn Urugàik gosn8 mro`ns oie tarns.Mro`ns oie tarns orn twj jf o trug`‑s ports bjst da`ndy tjbodfuigtaji oie gousn snrajus oggaenits oie orn tlus twj gratagodports yju os o progtatajinr sljude glng` tj snn af tlny wnrninkdaknitdy rnpoarne jr boaitoaine. Dostdy, wn aigduen oi ortagdn jurfarb prnvajusdy pumdaslne rnkoreaik tln eoiknrs jf abprjpnrboaitnioign jf warns…pjtnitaoddy gousaik trug` farns.

Mro`ns

Ai Sniisydvoiao, naklt vnlagdns wnrn strug` my o trug` spnneaik

ejwi o stnnp bjuitoai laklwoy. Aiataod aivnstakotajis aieagotnemro`n foadurn.57> [jrsn wos o gosn wlnrn o boi wos gruslne tjenotl ai las voi tlot wos gouklt mntwnni twj djk trug`s ai =331.576

[n rnprnsnitne las fobady, wlj wos oworene o vnreagt jf $7.>baddaji.57; Uln gousn jf tlas ljrrafag oggaenit: Uln trug` loe—aijpnromdn oie enfngtavn mro`ns.‒57< —‑A ob krotnfud tj snn tlotfjd`s ai Gladtji Gjuity vodun luboi dafn oie wadd ijt oggnpt uisofntrug`s trovndaik ji Odomobo laklwoys lorbaik ats gataznis,‑ soaeMnosdny Oddni ottjriny H. Gjdn Sjrtas. “A ìjw tlot tlas hury‑s vnreagt

wadd bo`n o eaffnrnign ai tln djk trug` aieustry.‑‒571

O tljrjukl aivnstakotaji as ingnssory wlni enodaik watl o gosnrndotne tj enfngtavn mro`ns.553 Entnrbaiaik tln fjddjwaik assuns orngratagod fjr o gjbprnlnisavn uienrstoieaik jf tln satuotaji8

—Uln jwinr‑s rnspjisamadaty‒

—Uln aivjdvnbnit jf tln boaitnioign prjvaenr‒

—[lntlnr jr ijt aispngtajis wnrn pnrfjrbne‒ —[lot rnpoars wnrn boen‒

—[lntlnr gjbpotamdn ports wnrn utadazne jr ijt‒55?




??>

—[lni tlnsn ndnbnits orn aispngtne oie oiodyzne my nxpnranigneoie troaine pnrsjiind, tln trun stjry rorndy nvoens gjbaik tj

daklt.‒55=

Uarns

O trug`‑s djoe jf djks slaftne oie spaddne jitj o mraekn watl fjrtygjistrugtaji wjr`nrs.557 Odbjst lodf jf tlnb wnrn aihurne.555 Uwjdjst tlnar davns.55> [ly: Mngousn tln trug`‑s dnft rnor tarn mdnwjut.556

Qju wadd faie at gjbpdagotne tj aenitafy wly o trug`‑s tarns foadne aioi oggaenit. Uln tarn bust mn oiodyzne, wladn gjisaenraik tln rjoegjieatajis, wlnnds, oie rnboaienr jf tln vnlagdn. Jf gjursn,gjisaenrotaji jf tln aistoddotaji, rnpoar, oie boaitnioign jf tlntarns as ingnssory tjj. Mngousn jf tlnsn vorajus fogtjrs, yju bustlarn oi nxpnrt watl tljrjukl `ijwdnekn oie nxpnranign wlnientnrbaiaik ljw tln tarn fogtjrne aitj tln oggaenit.

^ienraifdotaji aigrnosns tln surfogn jf tln tarn tjuglaik tlnrjoewoy oie tlus lnot. Uln lnot as odsj aigrnosne my tln tarn‑sspnne. Uln lnot tlni entnrajrotns tln aisaen oie jutsaen jf tln tarn,

wno`niaik tln tarn ‗ udtabotndy tj tln pjait jf foadurn. Ulas foadurngoi gjbn ai tln fjrb jf o mdjwjut mut praigapoddy rnsudts ai tarnentrnoe. Ulnrn orn boiy pjtnitaod gousns fjr o tarn tj mn jpnrotneuienraifdotne. O eravnr oie gorranr lovn o rnspjisamadaty tj jpnrotntln vnlagdn watl prjpnrdy aifdotne tarns. Uln tarn trnoe wnor pottnrias o kjje fjrnisag aieagotjr jf o tarn mnaik jpnrotne wladn

uienraifdotne. Furtlnrbjrn, aifdotaik oi prnvajusdy uienraifdotnetarn ejns ijtlaik bjrn tloi endoy tln ainvatomdn mngousn tln tarnlos odrnoey mnni wno`nine my tln lnot oie wadd foad.

Oijtlnr pjtnitaod gousn jf tarn foadurn as rntrnoeaik. ]ntrnoeaik asejin tj prjdjik tln tarn‑s dafn oie as jftni ejin tj trug`s‑ tarns. Qnt,abprjpnr rntrnoeaik goi gousn tln tarns tj foad. Fjr nxobpdn, oeobokne tarn sljude invnr mn rntrnoene. Abprjpnr rntrnoeaikgjude mn tln rnsudt jf tln gjitobaiotaji mntwnni tln tarn oie tln

inw trnoe, guraik foadurns, jr sngtaji rnpoars.55; Urnoes goi odsjmngjbn o prjmdnb af tlny orn ijt usne my tln gorranr ai tln prjpnroppdagotaji. O djk jr quorry trug` innes eaffnrnit trnoeaik tloi oaitnrstotn gorranr.




??6

Oijtlnr eoiknr as tarn okn.55< Af tarns orn bjrn tloi sax ynors jde,tlny goi djj` mroie inw (oie lovn invnr ogtuoddy mnni usne) mut

mn enoedy eoiknrjus.551 Jur farb portinrne watl tln Srottvaddn, Odomobo, pjdagn tj spjisjr frnn tarn sofnty aispngtajis0 troainejffagnrs nxpdoaine tj eravnrs ljw tj usn tln tarn boiufogturnrs‑gjens tj entnrbain tln tarns‑ okns.5>3 Ai jin gosn loiedne my jurfarb, o eravnr wos porodyzne ai oi oggaenit gousne my usaik lnr tni-ynor-jde sporn tarn tlot loe invnr prnvajusdy mnni usne.5>?




??;

Laraik, Wupnrvasaji & ]ntnitaji

FO_s

?) [lot ej tln fnenrod rnkudotajis rnquarn rnkoreaik laraik oinw eravnr:

=) Ej fnenrod rnkudotajis offngt ljw o gorranr supnrvasns oierntoais nbpdjynns:

7) Ljw goi o gorranr mn lnde daomdn fjr ats eravnr‑s inkdaknign:

[lot bust o gorranr ej tj larn, supnrvasn, oie rntoai prjpnrdy:

LA]AIK

Ai jin gosn, o trug` strug` twj bni‑s gor, wlagl rjddne budtapdntabns rnsudtaik ai aihurans sugl os o frogturne vnrtnmro, mroaitroubo, oie eobokne gjddormjin.5>= Jin gdoab wos tlot tln gorranrloe mnni inkdaknit ai laraik tln trug` eravnr ot foudt.5>7 Eravnrs

uiìjwdneknomdn ai tln prjpnr sngurnbnit jf o djoe jf loy jrlozorejus botnraods goi oie lovn gousne envostotaik oggaenits.5>5

[lni yju orn djjàik tj faie jut af tln eravnr wos larne prjpnrdy,yju inne tj stort my djjàik ot 51 G.F.]. § 71?.=7, wlagl rnquarnstln prjspngtavn gorranr tj gjbpdntn mog`krjuie aivnstakotaji jinogl eravnr at larns. At stotns8 —[ladn o trugàik gjbpoiy gdnordy loso euty tj aivnstakotn tln eravaik nxpnranign oie quodafagotajis jf oeravnr, bjst huraseagtajis lovn lnde tlot tln gjbpoiy ejns ijtlovn o euty tj aivnstakotn tln eravnr‑s iji-vnlagudor grabaiodmog`krjuie. P. . .R Oggjreaikdy, o trugàik gjbpoiy goiijt usuoddymn lnde rnspjisamdn uienr o inkdaknit laraik jr rntnitaji tlnjry fjroi aitnitajiod ossoudt aifdagtne my o eravnr.‒

Qju goi mnkai my osàik af tln gorranr fjddjwne twj mosag, `nyrnquarnbnits frjb tln G.F.]. Farst, o gorranr bust rnqunst tlneravnr‑s tlrnn-ynor eravaik rngjre frjb nogl stotn ai wlagl tln

eravnr loe o bjtjr vnlagdn jpnrotjr‑s dagnisn. Wngjie, tln gorranrbust aivnstakotn tln eravnr‑s sofnty pnrfjrboign lastjry. Furtlnr, odderavnrs orn rnquarne tj prnsnit tj tlnar gorranrs tlnar tni-ynornbpdjybnit lastjry.5>> (Wnn mndjw fjr furtlnr easgussaji jf laraikos o daomadaty strotnky ospngt.)




??<

Os` af tlnsn rngjres wnrn aigduene, os rnquarne, ai tln eravnr‑squodafagotaji fadn (spngafagoddy, las —eravnr lastjry aivnstakotaji fadn‒)

watlai tlarty eoys jf las stort eotn (§ 71?.>?). Uln gorranr boy gdoabat wos uiomdn tj djgotn sugl lastjragod aifjrbotaji rnkoreaik atseravnrs. Nvni af tlot gdoab wnrn ogtuoddy mn trun, tln gorranr bustlovn ejgubnitne ats —kjje foatl nffjrt‒ ai jmtoaiaik tlnaifjrbotaji oie gnrtafy tln eravnr loe ij rngjre. (Wabadordy, af tlneravnr loe invnr wjr`ne os o eravnr mnfjrn, tln gorranr bust lovnejgubnitne tlas fogt ai las fadn.) Uln gorranr‑s aivnstakotajis goi mn

vao tln pljin jr gjrrnspjienign jr nvni ai pnrsji0 tln G.F.].pnrbats wlotnvnr bntlje tln gorranr ennbne —opprjpraotn.‒

Af tln eravnr‑s prnvajus gorranr rnfusne tj rnspjie tj tlnaivnstakotaji, tln gurrnit/prjspngtavn gorranr sljude rnpjrt tlotdog` jf gjjpnrotavninss tj tln FBGWO. Srnvajus gorranrs ornrnquarne tj rnspjie tj tlnsn EJU spngafane aivnstakotajis watlaitlarty eoys jf rnqunsts (my natlnr prjvaeaik tln aifjrbotaji jrgjifarbaik tln dog` jf sugl eoto)0 tlny orn odsj rnquarne tj —to`n oddprngoutajis rnosjiomdy ingnssory tj nisurn tln oggurogy jf tln

rngjres.‒ Srnvajus gorranrs bust prjvaen tlnar gjitogt aifjrbotaji,sj tln eravnr goi gjitogt tlnb tj gjrrngt jr rnmut oiy aifjrbotajifrjb tln aivnstakotaji. Dostdy, prnvajus gorranrs bust `nnp fjr jinynor rngjres jf nvnry rnqunst fjr aifjrbotaji ji fjrbnr eravnrs.

Uln gurrnit/prjspngtavn gorranr‑s aivnstakotaji innes tj lovnaigduene tln fjddjwaik8

—kninrod eravnr aenitafagotaji,‒

—nbpdjybnit vnrafagotaji,‒ —eoto ndnbnits fjr oggaenits aivjdvaik tln eravnr,‒ —oggaenits os enfaine ai §713.> jr oggaenits tln prnvajus

gorranr aigduens frjb § 713.?>(m)(=).‒

Oeeatajioddy, tln aivnstakotaji bust aigduen (watl tln eravnr‑s wrattni gjisnit) tln eravnr‑s tlrnn-ynor lastjry rnkoreaik tlnfjddjwaik8

—wlntlnr tln eravnr vajdotne tln odgjljd jr gjitrjddnesumstoign prjlamatajis0‒

—wlntlnr tln eravnr foadne tj uienrto`n jr gjbpdntn ornlomadatotaji prjkrob prnsgramne my o sumstoign omusnprjfnssajiod0‒




??1

—wlntlnr o eravnr wlj loe suggnssfuddy gjbpdntne o WOS‑srnlomadatotaji rnfnrrod loe tnstaik vajdotajis jf o 3.35 jr

laklnr ji oi odgjljd tnst jr vnrafane pjsatavn eruk tnsts jr wlntlnr ln rnfusne tj mn tnstne.‒

Uln gorranr bust odsj —jmtoai oi jrakaiod jr gjpy jf tln bneagodnxobainr‑s gnrtafagotn assune ai oggjreoign watl §71?.57 oie oiybneagod voraoign ji wlagl tln gnrtafagotaji as mosne.‒ (Wnn Gloptnr

Uwj sngtaji rn8 eravnrs fjr bjrn entoads ji gnrtafane bneagodnxobainrs.)

Uln FBGWO los grnotne oi jidain eotomosn goddne Srn-Nbpdjybnit Wgrnniaik (SWS) tj ossast gorranrs ai tlnar laraikprjgnss (tljukl at as ijt rnquarne tlot gorranrs usn SWS, at gjude mnorkune tlot tlny orn inkdaknit af tlny foad tj ej sj). Uln FBGWOgrnotns eravnr prjfadns, ìjwi os tln Eravnr Aifjrbotaji ]nsjurgn(EA]) oie upeotns at bjitldy.

Aieustry stoieores enboie tlot gorranrs mn gornfud wlni laraik oiesjrtaik tlrjukl oppdagotajis, ijtaik —goutaji daklts‒ sugl os tlnoppdagoits‑ kops ai nbpdjybnit, eravaik rngjres, ynors jfnxpnranign, oggaenit lastjry, nxpnranign watl typns jf vnlagdns oiegorkjs, ntg.5>6 Gorranrs sljude odsj os` —prjmaik qunstajis‒ euraikaitnrvanws.5>; Uljrjukl rjoe tnsts oie wrattni tnsts orn lndpfud aientnrbaiaik o eravnr‑s sàdds oie ìjwdnekn, aigdueaik rnoeaik oiegjbprnlnisaji sàdds.5>< Os ijtne omjvn, gorranrs bust to`n ijtn jftln oppdagoit‑s bneagod mog`krjuie oie plysagod quodafagotajis(aigdueaik nxobaiaik tln ejgubnitotaji, tj nisurn nvnrytlaik as ai

jrenr). (Wnn tln gloptnrs rnkoreaik eravnrs oie gorranrs fjr bjrnentoads.)

—^dtabotndy tln gjbpoiy as rnspjisamdn fjr tln eravnr‑s ogtajis.Krnot gorn oie gjisaenrotaji sljude mn kavni tj odd ospngts jf tlnlaraik oie quodafagotaji prjgnss tj nisurn gjbpdaoign watl oddoppdagomdn dows, rudns, oie rnkudotajis, oie tj nisurn tlot jidyquodafane eravnrs orn jpnrotaik gjbbnrgaod bjtjr vnlagdns. Ulnsnorn jidy sjbn nxobpdns jf wlot tln quodafagotaji prjgnss nitoads. O

prjspngtavn gorranr boy ndngt tj abpdnbnit jtlnr gratnraoaienpnienitdy jr boy mn rnquarne tj ej sj, enpnieaik ji tlngargubstoigns.‒5>1




?=3

W^SN]VAWAJI & ]NUNIUAJI

Os ijtne prnvajusdy, supnrvasaji jf eravnrs as o ̀ ny rnspjisamadatytlot o gorranr los oie as gratagod tj yjur gosn. Wupnrvasaji roiknsfrjb mosags oppdagomdn tj nvnry nbpdjynn-nbpdjynr rndotajislap tjentoads uiaqun tj tln trugàik aieustry. Mndjw wn prjvaen mranfeasgussajis jf o fnw jf tlnsn ospngts aivjdvne ai supnrvasaji.Gorranrs bust prjpnrdy boiokn oie gjitrjd tlnar eravnrs oie nisurntlny orn ai gjbpdaoign watl rnkudotajis oie aieustry stoieores.563

Eruk & Odgjljd Omusn Srnvnitaji

Snr 51 GF] § 7<=.73?, oie os easgussne ai furtlnr entoad ai Gloptnr Ulrnn, gorranrs bust gjieugt tln fjddjwaik typns jf tnstaik tjnisurn gjbpdaoign watl odgjljd oie eruk prjlamatajis8

Srn-nbpdjybnit tnstaik (uienr gnrtoai gargubstoigns) Sjst-oggaenit tnstaik ]oiejb tnstaik

]nosjiomdn suspagaji tnstaik ]nturi-tj-euty tnstaik Fjddjw-up tnstaik

Uln rnkudotajis prjvaen spngafag kuaendains rnkoreaik ljw tln tnstsorn tj mn gjieugtne, wlj gjieugts tlnb, oie wlot tln tnsts bustaigduen0 tln rnks odsj spngafy ljw tln gorranr bust loiedn tlnrnsudts oie rngjres jf tln tnsts.

Furtlnr, pnr 51 GF] § 7<=.63?, gorranrs orn rnquarne tj grnotn oienifjrgn o eruk oie odgjljd tnstaik pjdagy.56? Ai trugàik dowsuats, atgoi mn prjvni ‗ watl fnw nxgnptajis ‗ tlot gorranrs‑ pjdagans ornenfaganit oie tlus grnotn daomadatans fjr tln gorranrs.56= [ladn o gorranras uida`ndy tj mn faine fjr oi aioenquotn pjdagy, o eravnr baklttnstafy tlot ln wjude lovn gnosne las sumstoign omusn loe lnìjwi at wos addnkod jr prjlamatne my tln gorranr0 tlas wjude bo`ntln gorranr daomdn fjr foadaik tj nstomdasl o —‑prjkrob jfentnrrnign.‑‒567

Fjr yju os o progtatajinr, at as `ny tj entnrbain af tln eravnruienrwnit tln rnquarne pjst-oggaenit tnstaik oie wlntlnr tlneravnr tnstne —pjsatavn‒ fjr oi addnkod sumstoign/ot oi addnkod dnvnd.565

Qju sljude odsj entnrbain af tln gorranr prjpnrdy troaine ats eravnrs




?=?

omjut tln prjpnr prjgneurns fjr pjst-oggaenit tnstaik (51 GF]§7<=.737).56> Gorranrs rorndy ej sj.566 Gorranrs odsj usuoddy

basaitnrprnt —os sjji os progtagomdn‒ fjr pjst-oggaenit tnstaik, wlagl ogtuoddy los ij tabn oddjwoign.56; Ai oeeataji, gorranrs jftniusn tlare-porty snrvagn prjvaenrs fjr tlnar tnstaik, wlagl goi dnoe tjaioenquotn tnstaik.56<

Ejgubnitotaji

Os odrnoey aieagotne omjvn, o rnspjisamdn gorranr wadd prjpnrdyboaitoai oie tljrjukldy rnvanw oiy ejgubnitotaji tlot wadd ossastat ai entnrbaiaik o eravnr jr jtlnr nbpdjynn‑s pnrfjrboign. Fjrnxobpdn, ai o gosn bnitajine prnvajusdy, tln gorranr foadne tj to`nijtn jf o eravnr‑s djk tlot rngjrene o eastoign trovndne ai oiabpjssamdn dniktl jf tabn.561 Furtlnrbjrn, o gorranr bust boaitoaitljrjukl pnrsjiind fadns, trogàik o eravnr‑s pnrfjrboign (aigdueaikgatotajis/vajdotajis jf troffag dows, oggaenit lastjry, odgjljd oieeruk tnst rnsudts, ntg.). Ulas àie jf ejgubnitotaji as gratagod aiprjpnrdy supnrvasaik (aigdueaik easgapdaiaik) ats eravnrs.

]ntnitaji

]ndotne as rntnitaji (snn mndjw fjr furtlnr easgussaji jf rntnitajios o daomadaty strotnky ospngt). —]ntnitaji as oi jikjaik prjgnss tlotaigduens, mut as ijt dabatne tj, gjitaiuoddy abpdnbnitaik oieupeotaik prjgneurns oie pjdagans, lovaik oi oggjuitomadaty systnbai pdogn, oie lovaik o pdoi tlot enfains tln gjbpoiy‑s easgapdaioryogtaji pjdagans.‒5;3 At as gratagod tlot o gorranr rjutaindy ijt jidy larn

oie rntoai kjje eravnrs, mut odsj easgapdain oie nvni farn eravnrs wlni ingnssory. Boiy jf tln sobn gjisaenrotajis o gorranr sljudelovn wlni laraik bust fogtjr aitj o gorranr‑s rntnitaji pjdagans. Af oeravnr‑s pnrfjrboign prjvns uisotasfogtjry (sugl os watl lasrng`dnssinss, budtapdn oggaenits jr troffag gatotajis, ntg.), o gorranrbust mn prnporne tj prjbptdy easgapdain jr farn tln eravnr.

Mosne ji tln omjvn, wlot orn `ny rndotne tlnjrans jf daomadaty:

Nbpdjynr Daomadaty ai Kninrod5;?

[lni tln eravnr as oi ogtuod nbpdjynn jf tln trugàik gjbpoiy jruienr tln gjitrjd jf tln trugàik gjbpoiy, tln gjbpoiy‑s daomadatyas kjvnrine my stotn gjbbji dow tlnjrans jf oknigy. Ai sugl




?==

satuotajis, tln bjtjr gorranr, os tln nbpdjynr jf tln eravnr, as jidyrnspjisamdn fjr tln eravnr‑s ogtajis wladn ln as ogtaik watlai tln

sgjpn jf las nbpdjybnit. O eravnr ogts watlai tln sgjpn jf lasnbpdjybnit wlni las ogtajis furtlnr tln gorranr‑s musainss ai oiybottnr nvni af at mninfats labsndf.

Jvnrvanw jf Inkdaknit Laraik, Nitrustbnit, Uroaiaik, jr]ntnitaji5;=

Inkdaknit laraik, nitrustbnit troaiaik oie rntnitaji nogl los ot atslnort tln aigjbpntnign jf tln trug` eravnr. Uln voraotajis mntwnnitlnsn gdoabs nogl enod watl wlni oie ljw tln trugàik gjbpoiysljude enod watl tlot aigjbpntnign. O trugàik gjbpoiy los oeuty tj `nnp aigjbpntnit eravnrs jff tln rjoe. O foadurn tj ej sj

wadd gnrtoaidy mn o strjik mosas fjr daomadaty ai datakotaji.

O gdjsnr djj` ot ]nspjienot Wupnrajr

Uln bjst gjbbjidy usne tlnjry jf daomadaty ‗ oie tln bjst earngt

‗ as rnspjienot supnrajr , wlagl ossakis tln rnspjisamadaty fjr oinbpdjynn‑s ogtajis euraik tln —gjursn oie sgjpn jf nbpdjybnit‒tj las nbpdjynr.5;7 Bjst stotns rnquarn sotasfogtaji jf tln fjddjwaik(tln ]nstotnbnit (Wngjie) jf Oknigy § ==<)8

?) —Gjieugt jf o snrvoit as watlai tln sgjpn jf nbpdjybnitaf, mut jidy af8

o. At as jf tln àie ln as nbpdjyne tj pnrfjrb0

m. At jggurs sumstoitaoddy watlai tln outljrazne tabnoie spogn dabat0

g. At as ogtuotne, ot dnost ai port, my o purpjsn tj snrvntln bostnr, oie

e. Af fjrgn as aitnitajioddy usne my tln snrvoit okoaistoijtlnr, tln usn jf fjrgn as ijt uioggnptomdn mytln bostnr.

Odtnriotavndy,

=)

Gjieugt jf o snrvoit as ijt watlai tln sgjpn jfnbpdjybnit af at as eaffnrnit ai àie frjb tlot outljrazne,for mnyjie tln outljrazne tabn jr spogn dabats jr tjj dattdnogtuotne my o purpjsn tj snrvn tln bostnr.‒5;5




?=7

Af yju goiijt prjvn tlot tln nbpdjynn‑s ogtajis jggurrne watlaitln sgjpn jf nbpdjybnit oie tlot tln nbpdjynr as tlus daomdn, yju

wadd lovn bjrn jf o gloddnikn ai snguraik tln eobokns mngousn yju wadd ijt mn omdn tj tjugl tln nbpdjynr‑s faioigaod ossnts oieaisuroign.5;> @nnp ai baie tljukl tlot tln enfnisn boy snn atstrotnkagoddy wasn tj oebat tln nbpdjynr wos ogtaik watlai tln sgjpnjf nbpdjybnit, ai wlagl gosn —gjurts ai bjst stotns wadd prngduentln pdoaitaff frjb mraikaik aienpnienit gdoabs jf inkdaknign okoaisttln nbpdjynr‒ (sugl os tln jins mndjw).5;6 @ny tj nogl jf tlnmndjw as tln fjrnsnnomadaty jf tln eravnr‑s inkdaknit jr rng`dnssgjieugt/pnrfjrboign.5;;

O gdjsnr djj` ot Nitrustbnit

Uln ]nstotnbnit (Wngjie) jf Ujrts §713 enfains inkdaknitnitrustbnit os tln fjddjwaik8

—Jin wlj suppdans earngtdy jr tlrjukl o tlare pnrsji, o glottnd fjrtln usn jf oijtlnr, wljb tln suppdanr ìjws jr los rnosji tj

ìjw tj mn da`ndy, mngousn jf las yjutl, ainxpnranign, jr jtlnrwasn,tj usn at ai o boiinr aivjdvaik uirnosjiomdn ras` jf plysagod lorbtj labsndf oie jtlnrs wljb tln suppdanr sljude nxpngt tj slorn aijr mn nieoiknrne my ats usn, as sumhngt tj daomadaty fjr plysagod lorbrnsudtaik tj tlnb.‒5;<

[lntlnr tln eravnr‑s ogtajis wnrn ai tln sgjpn jf nbpdjybnit boyijt offngt o inkdaknit nitrustbnit gosn.5;1 Inkdaknit nitrustbnitgoi odwoys mn mrjuklt okoaist o gorranr af tln eravnr wos —eravaik jr

loe gjitrjd jvnr o vnlagdn nitrustne tj lab my tln gjbpoiy.‒5<3

Nxobpdns jf fogts `ny tj prjvaik inkdaknit nitrustbnit aigduen tlnfjddjwaik8

(o) —O trug` wos nitrustne my ats jwinr, nbpdjynr, dnssjr, jrgjitrogtjr tj o eravnr0

(m) Uln eravnr wos natlnr uidagnisne, aigjbpntnit, jr rng`dnss0(g) Uln jwinr, nbpdjynr, dnssjr, jr gjitrogtjr natlnr ìnw jr,

ai tln nxnrgasn jf rnosjiomdn gorn, sljude lovn ìjwi, tlotsoae eravnr wos uidagnisne, aigjbpntnit, jr rng`dnss0

(e) Uln eravnr wos inkdaknit ot tln tabn jf tln oggaenit aiqunstaji0




?=5

(n) Uln eravnr‑s inkdaknign prjxabotndy gousne tln oggaenit0oie

(f)

Uln eravnr‑s inkdaknign prjxabotndy gousne eobokns tjprjpnrty oie aihurans tj o tlare porty.‒5<?

Uln omjvn nstomdasl tln fjrnsnnomadaty jf tln oggaenit oie atsgousn.5<= Fjr nxobpdn, oi oggaenit gousne my o eravnr watl o lastjryjf eravaik uienr tln aifdunign jf eruks jr odgjljd as o satuotaji rapnfjr abputaik tln gorranr watl daomadaty fjr inkdaknit nitrustbnit.5<7

]nod-dafn nxobpdns wlnrn tln tlnjry jf inkdaknit nitrustbnitoppdans aigduen tln mndjw8

(o) —Uln nbpdjynr foadne tj glng` tln trug` eravnr‑snbpdjybnit rngjre, foadne tj tnst las eravaik sàdds jr troailab tj eravn ats trug`, oie gjitaiune tj dnt lab eravn oftnrtln oggaenit oie oftnr at dnorine jf tln favn spnneaik tag`ntsai tln ynor oie jin-lodf prajr tj nbpdjyaik lab.

(m) Uln eravnr jf tln trug` dog`ne huekbnit, suffnrne frjb

vasuod oie lnoraik enfaganigans, gjude ijt loiedn strnssfudsatuotajis, wos sdjw ai dnoriaik ljw tj eravn o trug`, oieloe las eravnr‑s dagnisn suspniene.

(g) Oi nbpdjynr nitrustne o trug` tj oi ?<-ynor-jde domjrnr watl o “enpdjromdn‑ eravaik rngjre wlj loe ij prnvajusnxpnranign ai eravaik tlot trug` jr sabador vnlagdns, loe ijglouffnr‑s dagnisn, wos uitroaine, oie uiquodafane. Ulntrug` prjvaene tj tln nbpdjynn wos uigjitrjddomdn otspnnes omjvn fafty badns pnr ljur, boiafnstne faftnni

vajdotajis jf AGG sofnty rnkudotajis, wos djoenejvnrwnaklt, loe ats rnorvanw barrjrs jmstrugtne, oie atsljje lnde ejwi my twj stroies jf modaik warn.

(e) Uln trug` eravnr wlj rnor-niene o sdjw-bjvaik pagùp wladn aitjxagotne loe mnni larne oie rnlarne ndnvni tabnsjvnr twnity ynors my tln sobn nbpdjynr. Euraik tlot tabn,ln loe twj gjivagtajis fjr eravaik wladn uienr tlnaifdunign jf odgjljd, tlrnn gjivagtajis fjr rng`dnss eravaik,

oie sax spnneaik gjivagtajis. Oggjreaik tj tln gjurt, tlneravnr wos uisofn oie las nbpdjynr natlnr ìnw jr sljudelovn ìjwi jf las eoiknr tj tln rnst jf tln eravaik pumdag.

(n) Uln trugàik gjbpoiy sljude ijt lovn oddjwne oiuienrokn eravnr (wlj loe sax gatotajis fjr spnneaik oietwj fjr oggaenits, aigdueaik jin ai wlagl ln jvnrturine o




?=>

djkkaik trug` gousaik $<3,333 eobokn) tj eravn djkkaiktrug`s gjitaiujusdy jvnr o tlrnn-ynor pnraje ai vajdotaji jf

fnenrod rnkudotajis, prajr tj las inkdaknit turiaik boinuvnraitj tln gjbpoiy poràik djt, gousaik o gjddasaji watl objtjrgygdast tlot rnsudtne ai tln bjtjrgygdast‑s enotl oietlot jf las possniknr.

(f) Oi jffagnr jf o gjbpoiy boen tln engasaji tj nitrust o vnlagdn tj labsndf os oi nbpdjynn jf tlot sobn gjbpoiy,ìjwaik las jwi pjjr eravaik rngjre oie lastjry jf nakltEÂ glorkns, wos daomdn fjr inkdaknit nitrustbnit, nvnitljukl ln wos ogtaik ai euod gopogaty os jffagnr oienbpdjynn.‒5<5

Mndjw orn nxobpdns wlnrn inkdaknit nitrustbnit foadne os o tlnjryjf daomadaty eun tj aisuffaganit nvaenign8

(o) —Uln enfnieoit nbpdjynr wos sljwi o badatory eravnr‑sdagnisn, oie wos purpjrtne tj mn o PsagR Borydoie eravnr‑sdagnisn, mut eae ijt ìjw tlot tln stotn dagnisn wos o

fomragotaji.(m) Uln nbpdjynr loe ij prnvajus prjmdnbs watl tln

nbpdjynn oie loe ij rnosji tj mndanvn tlot nitrustaik tlntrug` tj lab jvnr tln wnn`nie wos fjjdasl oie inkdaknit.

(g) Uln enfnieoit inatlnr jwine tln trug`, ijr nitrustne at tjo tnbpjrory nbpdjynn furiaslne tj oijtlnr gjbpoiy.Sdoaitaff‑s tlnjry tlot inkdaknit nitrustbnit nigjbpossnetln nitrustaik jf oi nbpdjynn rotlnr tloi o vnlagdn wosrnhngtne my tln gjurt.

(e)

Uln nbpdjynr loe ij ogtuod ìjwdnekn jf o pottnri jfrng`dnss eravaik ji tln port jf tln eravnr oie wos ijrrnquarne tj easgjvnr tln rnputotaji jf tln eravnr tj ovjaemnaik inkdaknit.

(n) Uln trug` eravnr‑s bneagod rngjres nstomdaslne tlot ln loenxpnranigne mdog`juts, mdaieinss ai jin nyn, oie laklmdjje prnssurn, mut ln loe mnni snni oie possne fjr eutymy o trugàik gjbpoiy plysagaoi favn wnn`s mnfjrn tln

oggaenit.(f)

Uln trug` eravnr loe possne iubnrjus EJUnxobaiotajis, loe invnr mnni gatne fjr vajdotaik EJUrnkudotajis, loe mnni tljrjukldy tnstne my tln dnssjr jftln trug` mnfjrn mnaik oddjwne tj jpnrotn at, oie tln dnssjr




?=6

loe ij ìjwdnekn, natlnr ogtuod jr gjistrugtavn, jf oiyuirnosjiomdn ras` prjpnisatans jf tln eravnr.

(k)

O grabaiod lastjry uirndotne tj eravaik oie eravaik rngjresgjitoaiaik snotmndt gatotaji oie o dagnisn suspnisaji fjrfoadurn tj poy glade suppjrt wos ijt rndotne tj tln eravnr‑sfatinss tj eravn, oie at wos uifjrnsnnomdn mosne ji las postrngjres tlot ln wjude mn aivjdvne ai oi oggaenit.‒5<>

Ai-Enptl8 Laraik oie/jr ]ntnitaji

Bjst gjurts wadd faie o gorranr daomdn fjr inkdaknit laraik oie/jrrntnitaji af tln nbpdjynr ìnw jr sljude lovn ìjwi jf tlnnbpdjynn‑s dog` jf fatinss tj pnrfjrb o spngafag hjm jr tln eoiknr tjjtlnrs jf tln rntnitaji jf tln uifat nbpdjynn.5<6 Furtlnrbjrn, ogorranr as daomdn fjr inkdaknign ai laraik af at larns o eravnr enspatn laslovaik o laklnr iubmnr jr krnotnr snvnraty jf troffag vajdotajis tloitln gorranr‑s nstomdaslne pjdagy oie prjgneurns pnrbat. Uln ejgtrainjf abputne ìjwdnekn bnois tlot wlni o gorranr inkdngts tj fjddjwrnkudotajis rnkoreaik aivnstakotajis jf o eravnr‑s quodafagotajis oie

mog`krjuie, o gorranr as lnde daomdn os af at loe ogtuod ìjwdnekn jf oeravnr‑s pnrfjrboign lastjry. Af tlas ejgtrain eae ijt nxast, tln intrnsudt wjude mn tlot gorranrs wnrn rnworene fjr foadurn tj prjpnrdyaivnstakotn wlni laraik.

Inkdaknit laraik vnrsus rntnitaji praborady fjgusns tabaik.5<; Inkdaknit laraik loppnis wlni tln nbpdjynr ìnw jr sljude lovnìjwi omjut tln nbpdjynn‑s dog` jf fatinss mnfjrn tln nbpdjynn

wos larne.5<<

Ulas as mnst prjvni my oi nxobaiotaji jf tlnnbpdjynr‑s aivnstakotaji aitj tln nbpdjynn‑s lastjry prajr tj laraiklnr.5<1 Ai gjbporasji, tln nbpdjynr as daomdn fjr inkdaknit rntnitajiaf tln nbpdjynr inkdngts tj farn jr aivnstakotn jr to`n sjbn jtlnrogtaji okoaist oi odrnoey larne nbpdjynn wljsn uifatinss mngjbnsoppornit.513 Oggjreaik tj tln Fdjraeo Eastragt Gjurt jf Oppnods8

—Ai kninrod, tln tnst as wlntlnr tln nbpdjynr nxnrgasne tln dnvnd jfgor wlagl, uienr odd tln gargubstoigns, o rnosjiomdy pruenit boi

wjude nxnrgasn ai gljjsaik jr rntoaiaik oi nbpdjynn fjr tlnportagudor eutans tj mn pnrfjrbne.‒51?

Os ijtne prnvajusdy, fjrnsnnomadaty as `ny.51=




?=;

Os easgussne ai mjtl tln eravnr oie gorranr sngtajis, gorranrs bustfjddjw entoadne fnenrod rnkudotajis rnkoreaik tln laraik prjgnss,

aigdueaik tln fjddjwaik8 eruk oie odgjljd tnstaik, —tlnquodafagotajis jf eravnrs, gratnrao P. . .R fjr nbpdjybnit,aivnstakotaji/aiquarans tlot bust mn pnrfjrbne, rnquarne rjoe tnstsjr tln nquavodnit, oie rnquarne plysagod quodafagotajis oienxobaiotajis.‒517

Mndjw orn rnod dafn nxobpdns jf tln rnsudts jf gorranrs‑ aioenquotnaivnstakotajis8

(o)

—[lnrn tln nbpdjynr (?) larne Ptln trug` eravnrR ot las farstaitnrvanw, o vasat dostaik faftnni tj twnity baiutns0 (=) eaeijt tod` tj oiyjin fjr wljb Ptln trug` eravnrR prnvajusdy

wjr`ne0 (7) eae ijt oebaiastnr o wrattni jr jtlnr eravaiktnst tj Ptln trug` eravnrR0 (5) eae ijt woat fjr o rnpjrt frjbPtln Wtotn Enportbnit jf Bjtjr VnlagdnsR ji Ptln trugèravnr‑sR eravaik rngjre0 eae ijt kavn o enfnisavn eravaiktnst jr o gjpy jf tln sofnty boiuod tj Ptln trug` eravnrR0

oie (6) wjude ijt lovn larne Ptln trug` eravnrR af at loeìjwi tln iubmnr jf las troffag vajdotajis oie tln pnrajejf tabn. Mosne ji tlas foadurn tj aivnstakotn, wlagl wjudelovn rnvnodne tln nxastnign jf post rngjres jf spnneaik

vajdotajis, tln gjurt fjuie tlot tln nbpdjynr wos krjssdyinkdaknit oie lnde tln nbpdjynr daomdn fjr tln enotl jf objtjrast wljsn outjbjmadn gjddaene ot opprjxabotndytlarty-favn badns pnr ljur watl tln nbpdjynr‑s ;<,333-pjuie krovnd trug` oftnr tln eravnr, wljsn vasaji wos

portaoddy jmstrugtne, wnit tlrjukl o musy aitnrsngtajigjitrjddne my o fdoslaik ynddjw daklt.

(m) [lnrn oi aivnstakotaji my oi nbpdjynr wjude lovnuigjvnrne o prajr tnrbaiotaji fjrobplntobain/bntlobplntobain usn oie iain troffag

vajdotajis ai iain ynors, naklt jf wlagl wnrn fjrspnneaik.‒515

Uln nbpdjynr‑s ìjwdnekn jf oi nbpdjynn‑s dog` jf fatinss

entnrbains wlntlnr jr ijt tln nbpdjynr‑s ogtajis wnrn rnosjiomdn,kavni tlot ìjwdnekn (oie pnrlops tln nxpnisn oie gloddnikn jf—jmtoaiaik aifjrbotaji omjut o prjspngtavn nbpdjynn‒).51>




?=<

Sjst-oggaenit aivnstakotajis, roiejb eruk tnstaik, oiiuodaivnstakotajis (sugl os jf eravaik rngjres) offngt o gdoab jf

inkdaknit rntnitaji.516 Fjr nxobpdn, ai jin gosn, o gorranr inkdngtnetj farn o eravnr, tljukl at wos oworn tlot tln eravnr loe loe lasdagnisn suspniene mngousn jf tlrnn spnneaik tag`nts.51; Uln gorranrfurtlnrbjrn foadne tj aivnstakotn oie tlus easgjvnr tlrnn oeeatajiodspnneaik tag`nts watlai iain bjitls.51< Gorranrs bust bo`n surntlnar eravnrs ej ijtlaik tlot wjude easquodafy tlnb.511

Furtlnrbjrn, tln ^iatne Wtotns Wuprnbn Gjurt —uplnde tlneasbassods jf nbpdjynns wlj wnrn basto`nidy kroitne EJU lnodtlgnrtafagotaji, jin wlj wos dotnr fjuie uiomdn tj mn gnrtafane, oiejin wlj wos jidy omdn tj mn gnrtafane uienr oi nxpnrabnitod EJU

woavnr prjkrob.‒>33

Mndjw as o ensgraptaji rnkoreaik tln easgjvnromadaty jf ejgubnitstlot wjude oae yju ai pursuaik o inkdaknitnitrustbnit/laraik/rntnitaji gdoab okoaist tln gorranr8

—]ngjres rnkoreaik o eravnr‑s quodafagotajis oie tln nquapbnitodbjst odwoys orn ennbne easgjvnromdn, nvni af tlny orn dotnrentnrbaine ijt tj mn oebassamdn. Oggaenit rnpjrts oie rndotneaivnstakotajis ennbne tj lovn mnni gjieugtne “ai tln jreaiorygjursn jf musainss‑ (n.k. rjutain oggaenit rnpjrts) orn odsj da`ndy tjmn gjisaenrne easgjvnromdn. Wjbn gjurts to`n tlot opprjogl nvnifurtlnr. Fjr nxobpdn, ot dnost jin los lnde tlot o rngjrenestotnbnit frjb jin‑s eravnr, to`ni sljrtdy oftnr tln jggurrnign, aseasgjvnromdn, os at as frnslnr ai tln eravnr‑s baie, oie tlus tln

fuigtajiod nquavodnit goiijt mn jmtoaine my tln pdoaitaff tlrjukltln eravnr‑s enpjsataji.‒>3?

Uln omjvn tlnjrans goi ossast yju ai pursuaik puiatavn eobokns,sugl os ai o stotn rnquaraik —krjss inkdaknign‒ tj jmtoai puiatavneobokns.>3= Af tln gorranr as fjuie daomdn uienr jin jf tln omjvntlnjrans, tln gorranr‑s ogtajis gjude sotasfy tlot inne fjr —krjssinkdaknign.‒>37 Uln omjvn tlnjrans goi odsj ossast yju aioebassamadaty jf nvaenign oie, tlus, furtlnr oiknr tln hury okoaist

tln gorranr (nvni pjtnitaoddy aigrnosaik gjbpnisotjry eobokns).>35

—Ujrt dow, jf gjursn, vorans krnotdy frjb stotn tj stotn. Bjrnjvnr,tln easpjsataji jf tln assuns lnrnai jftni turis ji tln spngafag fogts




?=1

rndotne tj tln sumhngt eravnr oie/jr jggurrnign. Os o rnsudt, tlnrnorn fnw, af oiy, “mraklt dain‑ rudns tj rndy upji.‒>3>




?73

Srjeugts Daomadaty

FO_s

?) [lot sljude A mn djjàik fjr tj entnrbain af by gosngjude mn o prjeugts daomadaty gosn:

=) [lot qunstajis sljude A mn osàik:7) [lot orn nxobpdns jf prjeugts ai tln trugàik aieustry

tlot lovn mnni enfngtavn:

Aitrjeugtaji

[ladn bjst `ny gdoabs ai trugàik datakotaji sljude fjgus ji tlnrjdn jf ot dnost jin jf tln `ny pdoynrs oiodyzne ai Gloptnr Uwj ‗tln eravnr, gorranr, jr mrj`nr ‗ sjbntabns ijin jf tln tlrnn orn otfoudt. Wjbntabns tlnrn orn ijt nvni oiy watinssns mngousn nvnryjinaivjdvne wos àddne, oie pnjpdn tnie tj ossubn tlot tln eravnr as otfoudt mngousn ln oppnors tj mn tln gousn jf tln oggaenit.>36 Ai sjbngosns, at as fjuie tlot at as ogtuoddy tln vnlagdn (jr ats portsboiufogturnr) tlot as ot foudt.>3; Ai tlnsn gosns yjur gdanit wadd mntln aihurne jr engnosne trug` eravnr.

Fjddjwaik tln popnr, A prjvaen o mranf nxobpdn jf o vorajus trug`prjeugt daomadaty gosn tlot los mnni tln fjgus jf `ny datakotajiloiedne my jur farb.

Ljw tj Wpjt oie Envndjp o Wuggnssfud Srjeugt Daomadaty

Gosn>3<

A. Aitrjeugtaji

Srjeugts daomadaty as jin jf tln bjst eyiobag fandes jf dow ai tlnîatne Wtotns. Uln gjst oie gjbpdnxaty ai tlas fande as nvjdvaik sjropaedy tlot watljut tljrjukl prnporotaji tln ottjriny wadd faie tln

potl tj suggnss strnwi watl boiy uifjrnsnni oie tngliagod patfodds.A lovn nienovjrne lnrn tj ogquoait yju os tln progtatajinr watl tlnaifjrbotaji ingnssory tj nvoduotn o gdanit‑s gdoab gjbpntnitdy ai oprjeugts daomadaty gosn. At as ijt bnoit tj mn o prabnr ji prjeugt




?7?

daomadaty dow, mut sabpdy tj lndp tln progtatajinr aenitafy pjtnitaodprjeugt daomadaty gdoabs oie prnsnrvn gratagod nvaenign.

Uln farst pjait as tlot dowynrs loiedaik pnrsjiod aihury dowsuats boylovn dnkatabotn prjeugt daomadaty gdoabs nxastaik ai tlnar gurrnitgosndjoes. Jmvajusdy, af oi ottjriny wos larne tj aivnstakotnpjtnitaod sjurgns jf gjbpnisotaji fjr oi aihurne gdanit, oie af atoppnors tlot o prjeugt enfngt boy lovn gjitramutne tj tln gdanit‑saihurans, las euty sljude aigduen aiquary aitj o pjtnitaod prjeugtsgosn. Uln nvaenign rnquarne tj prjvn o prjeugt gdoab goi mn vnryeaffnrnit frjb tln typagod pnrsjiod aihury gosn.

At as by nxpnranign tlot prjeugt daomadaty gosns bjst gjbbjidyorravn easkuasne os jreaiory rjoe wrng` gosns, oie at as up tj tlnottjriny tj entnrbain wlntlnr tln gosn sljude odsj mn o prjeugtdaomadaty gosn. Uln dost sngtaji jf tlas popnr aigduens o dastaik jffogts tj djj` fjr aivjdvaik eaffnrnit enfngts ai trug`aik prjeugtdaomadaty gosns, wlagl as jffnrne os sjrt jf o glng`dast ji tljsn typngosns.

Qjur nvoduotaji jf o prjeugt daomadaty gosn sljude mnkai watl tlngjrrngt oiswnr tj tln mndjw qunstajis. Ai by jpaiaji, tln gosnstjps af tln oiswnr tj oiy jf tlnsn qunstajis as ij.

AA. @ny Aiataod _unstajis

?.) Los yjur gdanit suffnrne gotostrjplag aihurans:

Uln prnporotaji jf o prjeugts gosn as tabn-gjisubaik oienxpnisavn. Fnw jtlnr gosns enboie sugl tljrjukl prnporotaji jios boiy eaffnrnit frjits, odd jf wlagl rnquarn sumstoitaod faioigaodnxpnieaturn. Ulnsn gjsts goi aigduen nxpnrt watinss fnns, prjeugttnstaik, easgjvnry, purglosn jf aenitagod prjeugts, purglosn jfodtnriotavn ensakis, nxtnisavn trovnd, enpjsataji gjsts, prnporotajijf traod nxlamats, hury gjisudtoits, oie vnlagdn stjrokn.

Oijtlnr rnosji prjeugts daomadaty ogtajis orn sj nxpnisavn rndotns tj

tln enfnisn strotnky. Boiy prjeugts boiufogturnrs oie snddnrs faklto —wor jf ottrataji.‒ Ulny orn `nnidy oworn tlot tln rnsjurgns jf tlnpdoaitaffs‑ dow farb(s) fjjtaik tln madd as typagoddy bjrn dabatne tloitlnar jwi oie tlot easporaty wadd rnsudt ai sjbn gdoabs invnr mnaikfadne.




?7=

Odd jf tlnsn fogtjrs bo`n at kninroddy abprogtagomdn tj pursun o

prjeugt enfngt gosn ai tln omsnign jf gotostrjplag aihurans oiesakiafagoit ngjijbag djssns tj jffsnt tln gjsts. A lovn mnniaivjdvne ai prjeugt enfngt gosns wlnrn tln nxpnisns opprjoglne obaddaji ejddors. Oebattnedy, sugl gosns orn rorn, mut nxpnisns odwoysorn lakl. Ulnsn assuns boieotn tlot tln aihurans mn dafn-odtnraik sj ostj hustafy tln oeene nxpnisns.

=.) Ej yju lovn tln prjeugt:

A lovn rui ogrjss iubnrjus gosns tlot oppnorne tj lovn bnrat oiesumstoitaod eobokns, mut tln prjeugt wos ij djiknr orjuie. Oprjeugt gosn watljut tln prjeugt as tln nquavodnit jf o gor watljutoi nikain. At asi‑t kjaik oiywlnrn. Ai sjbn nxgnptajiodgargubstoigns, at boy mn pjssamdn tj prjgnne watljut tln prjeugt,mut tlas as ijt oevasomdn oie as rorn. Jin sugl satuotaji boy mn

wlni o ensaki enfngt nxasts oie odd sabador prjeugts orn enfngtavnfjr tln sobn rnosjis.

Srjvaik enfngt ai tln boiufogturaik enfngt gosn wjude mn inxt tjabpjssamdn. Ulas as mngousn yju orn tryaik tj prjvn tln prjeugt eaeijt pnrfjrb os ensakine. Uj ej sj wjude rnquarn jin tj pjait tj ospngafag foadurn oie entnrbain wly at foadne. Qju snn tln eaffagudty

wlni tln prjeugt as ijt ovoadomdn.

At as odsj abpjrtoit tj glng` tln huraseagtaji‑s dow ji tlas assun.Boiy stotns, da`n Odomobo, lovn o dow tlot sukknsts tlot o prjeugt

gosn goiijt mn sustoaine watljut tln prjeugt. Qju goi sovnyjursndf o djt jf poai my `ijwaik tlas mnfjrn nxpnieaik sumstoitaodsubs jf bjiny oie djsaik ot subbory huekbnit.

Qju lovn sumstoitaod murenis nvni af yju lovn o ensaki enfngt gosnoie tln stotn dow oddjws yju tj prjgnne. Abokain tln grjss jf yjurnxpnrt8 —Wj, War, yju‑rn soyaik tlot by gdanit‑s wljdn dain jf waekntsas enfngtavn ‗ oie yju lovni‑t nvni snni tln prjeugt ot assun:‒

7.)

Orn yju stadd watlai tln oppdagomdn stotutn jf dabatotajis jrstotutn jf rnpjsn:

Qjur stotn‑s stotutn jf dabatotajis fjr o pnrsjiod aihury gosn waddda`ndy mn oppdagomdn tj o prjeugt daomadaty gdoab. Boiy stotns, da`n




?77

Knjrkao, lovn oi oeeatajiod tabn dabatotaji goddne o stotutn jfrnpjsn. Wtotutns jf rnpjsn prjvaen tlot ij ogtaji fjr o prjeugt

enfngt goi mn fandene mnyjie o gnrtoai pnraje jf ynors, typagoddy tnitj twndvn ynors, oftnr tln prjeugt nitnrne gjbbnrgn.

AAA.

Oeeatajiod _unstajis

?.) Eraiàik/eruk usn

Gjisaenr wlot nffngt eraiàik jr eruk usn my o eravnr jr my yjurgdanit wadd lovn ji tln hury‑s vanw jf tln gosn. [os yjur gdanit oeravnr jr o possniknr: Ulas gjude bo`n o mak eaffnrnign. [ladnhurans orn ijt typagoddy sybpotlntag tj aitjxagotne eravnrs, yju boylovn o mnttnr gdoab watl o possniknr. Boiy stotns, da`n Fdjraeo, odsjlovn kjje dow ji odgjljd usn. Uln entnrbaiotaji ji wlntlnrodgjljd gjbns aitj nvaenign enpnies ji yjur gdoab. Fjr aistoign,ai o snot mndt gosn, yju boy lovn o mnttnr orkubnit tlot odgjljd asarrndnvoit tloi o stomadaty gdoab. Ulas as trun mngousn tln assun as ijttln gjitrjd jf tln vnlagdn mut as rotlnr tlot tln snotmndt as ensakine

tj prjtngt mjtl aitjxagotne oie iji-aitjxagotne usnrs. Uln mndtejns ijt ìjw tln eaffnrnign.

=.) Nxgnssavn spnne

Boiufogturnrs wadd orkun tlot spnne àdds. Ulas as goddne tln mak wrng` enfnisn. Ulny gjitnie tlot tlnrn wos ijtlaik tlot gjude mnejin tj prjtngt tln jggupoit ai tlas uifjrnsnnomdn gjddasaji.

Oeeatajiod prjmdnbs prjvaik tlas gosn wadd mn tnstaik. Sdoaitaff‑s

nxpnrts rjutaindy rndy ji enfnieoit‑s aitnriod grosl oie sdne tnsts tjprjvn daomadaty. Ljwnvnr, tln enfnieoits‑ tnob(s) rorndy ruis tnsts aigosns aivjdvaik spnnes mntwnni 7> oie >> bpl. Srjvaik yjurenfngt wlni tln abpogt spnne wos <> bpl wadd da`ndy bo`n tlnaitnriod tnstaik jf vnry dabatne usn. Furtlnrbjrn, tln hury wadd mnabpogtne my tln fogt tlot yjur gdanit los mrj`ni tln dow.

7.) Srnnbptaji

Os ijtne omjvn, wlni tln fnenrod kjvnribnit bo`ns o dow, stotnsgoiijt uienrbain tlot dow my possaik tlnar jwi, eaffnrnit dows. Ainssnign, tln fnenrod dow —trubps‒ tln stotn dow. Boiufogturnrsusuoddy orkun tlot outj prjeugt daomadaty suats sljude mn easbassnemngousn tln stotn dow as prnnbptne my tln fnenrod rnkudotajis. [ladn




?75

tlnsn orkubnits usuoddy djsn, tlny ej ijt ai sjbn dabatne ornos jftln gjuitry/huraseagtajis.

AV. Srjeugt Daomadaty Gdoabs Aivjdvaik Urug`s

Srjeugts daomadaty gosns boy jftni mn laeeni ai o trug` wrng`oggaenit. At as abpjrtoit tj `ijw wlot tj djj` fjr ai jrenr tj fuddynvoduotn odd ospngts jf yjur gosn. Oiy oggaenit tlot rnsudts aigotostrjplag aihury, sugl os enotl, porodysas, jr mroai eobokn sljudemn rnvanwne ai jrenr tj entnrbain af o prjeugts daomadaty gdoab asprnsnit.

Wnot Mndt Enfngts

[lni tlny wjr` prjpnrdy, rnstroait systnbs ai trogtjr troadnrs oiejtlnr trug`s aieasputomdy prnvnit jr dnssni aihury ai groslns. [lnitlny foad, snotmndts goi oddjw jr nvni gousn snrajus aihury oie enotl.(Wnn mndjw fjr bjrn easgussaji rnkoreaik snot mndt enfngts fjgusnespngafagoddy ji lnovy trug`s.)

O typagod outj grosl goi mn vanwne os lovaik twj gjddasajis (osijtne ai Sort A). Os o rngop, tln farst gjddasaji jggurs wlni tln

vnlagdn abpogts oijtlnr vnlagdn jr faxne jmhngt. Uln sngjiegjddasaji jggurs wlni o vnlagdn jggupoit abpogts tln aitnrajr jr asnhngtne. Uln sngjie gjddasaji abbneaotndy fjddjws tln farst gjddasaji

‗ jftni jidy my baddasngjies. Wnot mndts oie oarmoks orn ensakine, aiport, tj prnvnit tln sngjie gjddasaji jr baiabazn ats aihury gousaiknffngts.

O snot mndt enfngt boy oppdy af oiy jf tlnsn fogtjrs orn prnsnit8

Uln jggupoit as mndanvne tj lovn mnni mndtne mut fjuieuimndtne pjst-oggaenit0

Uln jggupoit as mndtne mut gjitogts tln vnlagdn aitnrajr, wlagl rnsudts ai aihury0

Uln snot mndt mug`dn as dotglne oftnr tln oggaenit mut tln

jggupoit as nhngtne jr jutsaen tln mndt0 Uln snot mndt wnmmaik as —spjjdne‒ jut jr djjsn oftnr tln

oggaenit0

Uln mndtne jggupoit as aihurne mut tln possniknrgjbportbnit as aitogt0




?7>

Uln vnlagdn as nquappne watl o —possavn‒ jr outjbotag ejjrbjuitne mndt systnb.

Oi nxobpdn jf o snot mndt enfngt as tln ABBA snotmndt mug`dn. Ai Hoiuory jf =33;, mnfjrn hury sndngtaji ai o Bjitkjbnry Gjuity, Odomobo, Garguat Gjurt, jur farb snttdne o enfngtavn snot mndt gosn watl Aieaoio Badds & Boiufogturaik, Aig. jf [nstfande, Aieaoio,(—ABBA‒) fjr tln fobady jf Hjn Frnnboi. Br. Frnnboi, o trugèravnr, wos aivjdvne ai oi jffsnt frjitod gjddasaji. Inatlnr vnlagdn

wos kjaik bjrn tloi fafty badns pnr ljur ot abpogt. Br. Frnnboi‑strug` wnit jff tln raklt sljudenr jf tln rjoewoy oie ln djstgjitrjd, rjddaik tln trogtjr troadnr jvnr ji ats saen. Frnnboi, wlj

wos wnoraik las snot mndt, wos nhngtne wlni tln snot mndt mug`dnfoadne. Ln wos tlrjwi tlrjukl tln waieslande jf las trug` oieàddne wlni ln strug` tln povnbnit. Loe tln snot mndt wjr`ne, Br.Frnnboi wjude lovn wod`ne owoy frjb tln gjddasaji watl ijaihurans. Aistnoe, mngousn jf tln enfngtavn mug`dn, ln wos àddne. Ulnaiataod gjddasaji wos jin tlot wjudei‑t lovn rnsudtne ai o fotodaty loetln snot mndt mug`dn ijt foadne.

ABBA wos tln boiufogturnr jf tln snot mndt mug`dn ai tln trug` Br.Frnnboi wos eravaik. Uln snot mndt mug`dn wos enfngtavn ai tlot ataitnrbattnitdy foadne tj dotgl oie wos prjin tj o fodsn-dotglgjieataji ai wlagl at oppnorne tj mn dotglne wlni at wos ijt.ABBA loe ìjwi tlot tlnar mug`dns wnrn enfngtavn oie eoiknrjusdjik mnfjrn tln trug` eravni my Br. Frnnboi wos nvniboiufogturne. Ai fogt, ABBA loe ìjwi tlot tln ensaki jf tlnmug`dn wos moe frjb tln vnry mnkaiiaik. ABBA ìnw tlot tln

enfngt wjude grnotn o lakldy lozorejus oie eoiknrjus gjieataji aitln nvnit o frjitod gjddasaji jggurrne aivjdvaik o trug` nquappne

watl tlot portagudor snot mndt systnb.

Wljgàikdy, ABBA loe ìjwi omjut tlas pjssamadaty fjr ot dnosttlrnn ynors. ABBA ìjws tlot tlnrn orn ijw faftnni tljusoietrug`s ji tln rjoe tlot lovn tln vnry sobn enfngtavn ABBAmug`dns. Qnt, tlnrn los mnni ij rngodd jf tln mug`dns. Ai fogt, tlnrnlos mnni ij ottnbpt tj nvni ijtafy tln jwinrs jf tln trug`s wlagl

orn stadd mnaik usne ji tln laklwoy. Jign tlas dowsuat wos fadne,ljwnvnr, ABBA eae aispngt oie rnpdogn odd jf tln Enfngtavn WnotMndts fjr tln trug`s jwine my Br. Frnnboi‑s nbpdjynr.




?76

Ljwnvnr, ij jtlnr jwinrs lovn mnni ijtafane. Ulnrn as ai nffngt wlot as ìjwi os o sadnit rngodd fjr tln enfngtavn snot mndts, wlagl

bnois tlot tln jwinr jf o trug` watl o moe mndt goi mraik tlnartrug` ai oie knt o sofn snot mndt aistoddne ot ij gjst. Ulasgjbpoiy‑s uttnr easeoai fjr luboi dafn oie vnlagdn sofnty rnsudtneai tln djss jf jin ìjwi dafn oie los put tljusoies jf jtlnr trugèravnrs ot krnot ras`. Mngousn jf ABBA, Br. Frnnboi eane oljrramdy trokag enotl. Oftnr tln snttdnbnit, odd ejgubnits oieenpjsataji tnstabjiy frjb tln gosn okoaist ABBA wnrn rndnosnefrjb o prnvajusdy nitnrne prjtngtavn jrenr oie boen pumdag.

Ljwnvnr, tln objuit jf tln snttdnbnit as gjifaenitaod. Ulnoggaenitod enotls bnitajine ai tlnsn nxobpdns orn uifjrtuiotndy

vnry gjbbji jggurrnigns. Urug` eravnrs bo`n up jin jf tlndorknst prjfnssajis ai tln îatne Wtotns, spnieaik gjuitdnss ljursji tln rjoe. Ulny ej tlas wladn eravaik vnlagdns tlot orn dnssrnkudotne tloi jur jwi possniknr gors oie trug`s. [atljut bjrnrnkudotaji, tlnsn bni oie wjbni wadd gjitaiun tj ras` tlnar davnseoady tj `nnp Obnrago ruiiaik ‗ sjbntabns ijt nvni ìjwaik ljw

eoiknrjus tlnar hjms orn.

]jjf Grusl

Boiy trug` jggupoits, odtljukl mndtne, orn snvnrndy aihurne airjddjvnr oggaenits eun tj tln foadurn jf tln possniknr gjbportbnittj boaitoai ats aitnkraty. Glorogtnrastags jf tlnsn gosns orn tlot tlnrjjf as gruslne favn jr bjrn aiglns jr tln rjjf as enfjrbne

saenwoys grnotaik oi jpniaik jvnr tln jggupoit‑s lnoe. Jur farblos datakotne iubnrjus rjjf-grusl gosns aivjdvaik trogtjr troadnrtrug`s. Ulnsn rjjfs sljude mn omdn tj prjtngt tln trug` eravnreuraik fjrnsnnomdn rjddjvnrs. îfjrtuiotndy, bjst ej ijt.

[lot as tln eoiknr watl ]jjf Grusl: >31

Uln rjjf as oi abpjrtoit strugturod gjbpjinit jf o vnlagdn oie asgratagod ai `nnpaik tln jggupoit sofn ai tln nvnit jf o grosl. Uj

prjtngt jggupoits ai o rjddjvnr, boaitoaiaik survavod spogn as vnryabpjrtoit. Wurvavod spogn as tln orno orjuie oi jggupoit tlotrnboais frnn jf aitrusaji ai oi oggaenit. At as tln orno ai wlagl oijggupoit as omdn tj —survavn‒ tln grosl. Uln rjjf as port jf tln




?7;

strugturod suppjrt jf o vnlagdn oie as tlnrnfjrn o gratagod gjbpjinitai `nnpaik tln jggupoit sofn.

Af o rjjf gruslns sumstoitaoddy euraik oi oggaenit, frjb o foadurn jftln saen roads, lnoenrs jr suppjrt paddors, gotostrjplag aihurans goijggur. Jftni, tlas engrnosne survavod spogn rnsudts ai tln jggupoit‑slnoe abpogtaik sjbn pjrtaji jf tln vnlagdn gousaik enotl, porodysasjr mroai eobokn. Wjbntabns, tln jggupoit goi nvni mn portaoddynhngtne tlrjukl oi jpniaik grnotne euraik rjjf grusl.

Ai tln ?1<3s, tln Iotajiod Laklwoy Uroffag Wofnty Oebaiastrotaji(—ILUWO‒) spjisjrne o iubmnr jf rnsnorgl popnrs tlot nvoduotnestotastagod aifjrbotaji rndotne tj lnovy trug` groslns ai tln îatneWtotns. Uln rnpjrts gjisastnitdy fjuie tlot tln prabory gjitramutaikfogtjr tj lnovy trug` jggupoit fotodatans wnrn aihurans gousne mynhngtaji oie rjddjvnr wlagl aivjdvne snvnrn gom enfjrbotaji oiejggupoit nitropbnit. Uln sobn rnpjrts gjisastnitdy fjuie tlot tlnmnst woy tj rneugn lnovy trug` jggupoit fotodatans wos tj niloigntln strugturod aitnkraty jf tln goms, oie abprjvn bntljes tj rneugn

jggupoit abpogts watl tln aitnrajr surfogns jf tln vnlagdns.

Enspatn tlas jvnrwlndbaik nvaenign, lnovy trug` groslwjrtlainssoie gom rjjf strniktl as ijt rnkudotne my tln fnenrod kjvnribnit.Ai gjitrost, possniknr gor boiufogturnrs orn rnquarne tj possbaiabub rjjf strniktl oie groslwjrtlainss stoieores fjuie aitln Fnenrod Bjtjr Vnlagdn Wofnty Wtoieores. Odtljukl tlngroslwjrtlainss jf lnovy trug` goms as ijt rnkudotne ai tln îatneWtotns, tlnrn lovn mnni fjrnaki stoieores ai pdogn fjr ynors. Lnovy

trug`s sjde ai fjrnaki gjuitrans orn rnquarne tj bnnt o voranty jfgroslwjrtlainss oie rjjf strniktl stoieores aigdueaik tln Wwneaslstoieore oie tln NGN ]udn =1 stoieore. Ulnsn fjrnaki stoieoresrnquarn gom strniktl tnstaik my stotag oie eyiobag djoes. Ulnsnportagudor tnsts rnquarn abpogts tj tln rjjf, rnor jf tln gom, frjit jftln gom oie tln O paddors jf tln gom.

Oppornitdy, ai rnspjisn tj tln jvnrwlndbaik rnsnorgl eoto, Obnragoi lnovy trug` boiufogturnrs uienrtjj` tln —Lnovy Urug`

Groslwjrtlainss Wtuey‒ ai gjihuigtaji watl tln Wjganty jf Outjbjtavn Nikainnrs (—WON‒) euraik tln dotn ?113s. Ulas stueygudbaiotne ai oi WON rngjbbniene progtagn fjr tnstaik tlnstrniktl jf lnovy trug` goms. îfjrtuiotndy, tln tnst ejns ijtsabudotn ogtuod fjrgns tlot wjude mn abportne aitj o lnovy trug`




?7<

gom tlot rjddne jvnr wladn trovndaik ejwi tln laklwoy. Os o rnsudt,lnovy trug`s boiufogturne ai tln îatne Wtotns stadd prjvaen uisofn

goms jf tlai odubaiub watl famnrkdoss rjjfs.

Ulnrnfjrn, trug` jggupoit fotodatans gjitaiun tj jggur ai tln nvnitjf rjddjvnrs. At as vnry eaffagudt fjr o lnovy trug` eravnr tj survavn o

wrng` wlni tln rjjf oie gom strugturn easaitnkrotn orjuie labeuraik o wrng` oie foad tj boaitoai rnosjiomdn jggupoit survavodspogn. [atl sugl mdno` stotastags oie oi odbjst ijinxastnitrnkudotjry lastjry, at‑s ij wjienr tlot lnovy trug` groslwjrtlainssas oi nbnrkaik orno jf prjeugt daomadaty datakotaji.

Srjeugt daomadaty gosns orn jftni jvnrdjj`ne ai saikdn vnlagdnoggaenits ‗ nspngaoddy ai oggaenits aivjdvaik dorkn trug`s. Ljwnvnr,tlnjrans jf enfngt oppdy nquoddy tj ?<-wlnndnrs os tlny ej tjpossniknr gors. Wj, at as abpjrtoit tj `nnp yjur nyns jpni wladnaivnstakotaik oi ?<-wlnndnr oggaenit sj tlot yju eji‑t bassabpjrtoit prjeugt daomadaty assuns.

Uarn Foadurn

Uln Farnstjin tarn trokney rnsudtaik ai tln rngodd jf tlot tarn odnrtnetln pumdag tj tarn sofnty assuns. Uarn foadurn goi oie ejns gousn trugòggaenits. [lni tln trnoe snporotns frjb tln tarn, tln vnlagdn goimngjbn vnry eaffagudt tj gjitrjd rnsudtaik ai oi oggaenit. Qju boylovn o tarn gosn af o tarn foadurn dnoes tj djss jf gjitrjd oie oggaenit.

Okne Uarns

Oi assun tlot as hust ijw gjbaik tj tln ottnitaji jf gjisubnr wotglejk jrkoiazotajis oie tarn nxpnrts aivjdvns —fande-okne tarns.‒]ngnitdy, ILUWO rndnosne tln farst snrans jf eoto frjb ats—Sljniax‒ Uarn Eotosnt stuey gjbporaik okne oie inw tarns jf tlnsobn bo`n. Uln eoto sljws o ijtomdn rneugtaji ai rjmustinss,portagudordy fjr tarns tlot wnrn —ai snrvagn.‒

Uln oknigans‑ purpjsn wos tj ossurn tlot tarns bnntaik fnenrodstoieores wadd wnor jut mnfjrn tlny gotostrjplagoddy foad ai jrenr tjprnvnit oijtlnr Farnstjin tarn enmogdn. Uln Sljniax tnstaiksljwne tlot okne tarns (tljsn jdenr tloi fjur ynors) gjude ijt bnnttln baiabub fnenrod tarn stoieores. îfjrtuiotndy, boiy tarn




?71

boiufogturnrs, tarn stjrns oie snrvagn sljps `nnp oi aivnitjry jftarns djik oftnr tln boiufogturn eotn. Ulnsn tarns, wladn djjàik

inw, goi mn eoiknrjusdy prjin tj foadurn. Ulnrn as prnsnitdy o puslmy gjisubnr jrkoiazotajis tj rnquarn boiufogturn eotns mn pdogneji tln tarn. Uarn boiufogturnrs jppjsn tlas woriaik.

Jur farb aigduene tln mndjw ortagdn ai jur jidain pumdagotaji]akltaik Aihustagn .

Wpnne Dabats Ujj Fost Fjr Urug` Uarn Nieuroign>?3

Ji boiy ^.W. aitnrstotn laklwoys wnst jf tlnBassassappa ]avnr, spnne dabats jftni nxgnne tln dabats tlot tarns jigjbbnrgaod trogtjr-troadnrs orn ensakine tj loiedn, grnotaik olaklnr ras` jf tarn mdjwjuts oie groslns.

Gjbpjuieaik tln prjmdnb as o dog` jf ìjwdnekn frjb stotnrnkudotjrs oie dnkasdotjrs wlj eji‑t ìjw oiytlaik omjut trug` tarnnieuroign spnne rotaiks, oie trug` eravnrs tlnbsndvns wlj lovn ij

aeno ljw bugl spnne tlnar trug`‑s tarns goi sofndy loiedn.

Urug` tarns orn odbjst odwoys muadt tj loiedn o boxabub spnne jf;> bpl. Mut saign tln bae-=333s stotns lovn mnni oddjwne tj mjjsttlnar spnne dabats frjb 6> jr ;3 bpl tj ;>, <3, oie <> bpl.

Urug`s tlot rnkudordy trovnd ot tlnsn laklnr spnnes ji tarns ensakinetj mn eravni ot jr sdjwnr tloi ;> bpl put o djt jf lnot oie strnssji tln tarns tlot eobokns tln rummnr oie grnotns o lnakltnine ras`jf o gotostrjplag mdjwjut.

]ngnitdy, tln Ossjgaotne Srnss uigjvnrne kjvnribnit ejgubnitstlot uienrsgjrne —tln easgjiingt mntwnni laklwoy spnne dabatsoie sofnty stoieores‒ wlni at gjbns tj trug` tarn foadurns. IotajiodLaklwoy Uroffag Wofnty Oebaiastrotaji (ILUWO) aivnstakotjrsprjmaik o gjbpdoait omjut Baglndai tarn mdjwjuts ji gjbbnrgaodtrug`s gjigduene tlot tln trug` jpnrotjrs wnrn tj mdobn fjr tlnaigaenits, ijt tln tarns.

Ulot gjigdusaji barrjrs o dorknr easputn jvnr tln prjmdnb, watlstotn jffagaods oie trugàik gjbpoians mdobaik nogl jtlnr fjr tlnprjmdnb. Oggjreaik tj tln OS, —Laklwoy jffagaods ai tlrnn stotnstlot oddjw trug`s tj kj <3 bpl jr bjrn natlnr easrnkorene tarn




?53

sofnty rotaiks, wjudei‑t oiswnr qunstajis omjut tlnb jr tjde tln OS tlny wnrn uioworn jf tlnb.‒

Ai [yjbaik, fjr aistoign, sjbn rurod laklwoys sow tlnar spnnedabats kj up tj <3 bpl dost subbnr, watljut gjisaenrotaji jf trug`tarn spnne rotaiks. Mut dnkasdotjrs tlnrn eji‑t snn tlot os o prjmdnb,ijtaik tlot tln dow ejnsi‑t rnquarn trug`s tj eravn tlot fost.

Bnoiwladn, boiy ai tln trugàik aieustry soy tlot stotns orn tjmdobn fjr oiy aigrnosn ai tarn-rndotne trug` groslns mngousn tlny ornroasaik spnne dabats watljut toàik aitj oggjuit tln nffngt tlnsnfostnr dabats wadd lovn ji gjbbnrgaod trug` tarns.

Dnkasdotaji tlot wjude prnvnit trug`s frjb dnkoddy eravaik fostnrtloi 6> bpl as suppjrtne my tln Obnragoi Urugàik Ossjgaotaji,jin jf tln dorknst trugàik aieustry krjups ai tln ^.W. Uln krjuplos puslne tln fnenrod kjvnribnit tj boieotn odd trug`s aistoddspnne kjvnrijrs tlot wjude outjbotagoddy dabat tlnar spnne.

Aitnrstotn spnne dabats fodd uienr tln huraseagtaji jf stotnkjvnribnits. Unxos, ^tol, oie [yjbaik oddjw trug`s tj eravn <3bpl jr fostnr, watl Wjutl Eo`jto snt tj fjddjw.Bassjura, Invoeo oie [oslaiktji boy kj up tj ;> bpl jr laklnr.

Odtjkntlnr tlnrn orn fjurtnni stotns tlot oddjw trug`s tj trovnd ainxgnss jf ;3 bpl.

Wjbn tarn boiufogturnrs bo`n trug` tarns tlot goi loiednboxabub spnnes jf <? bpl, mut tlny ej ijt woit tj gjbpdntndy

jvnrloud tlnar boiufogturaik prjgnss, fnoraik kaoit nxpnisns oiedabatne sodns.

Oggjreaik tj ILUWO, bjrn tloi fjurtnni tljusoie groslnsaivjdvaik trogtjr-troadnrs oie musns jggurrne ai tln ^.W. frjb =331tlrjukl =3?7, àddaik inordy saxtnni tljusoie pnjpdn. Uarns pdoyne orjdn ai ?1< jf tljsn groslns oie ==7 enotls.

Fund Wystnb Datakotaji

Vnlagdn boiufogturnrs lovn o euty tj tln pumdag tj ensaki vnlagdnstlot wadd ijt grnotn o farn lozore ai survavomdn gjddasajis. Lnovytrug` boiufogturnrs orn ij eaffnrnit. Ljwnvnr, kjvnribnit sofnty




?5?

stoieores jidy rneugn tln gloign jf farn ai sjbn typns jf groslnsoie outjbjtavn boiufogturnrs lovn foadne tj oejpt tlnar jwi

stoieores tj ovjae sugl farns. Enspatn tln fogt tlot outjbjtavnboiufogturnrs lovn djik mnni oworn jf tln ras` jf farns ossjgaotne

watl enfngtavn fund systnbs, tln aigaenits jf vnlagdn farns losgjitaiune tj mn o snrajus prjmdnb.

Oiy fund dno` grnotns o vnry lakl eoiknr jf farn ai tln nvnit jf ogjddasaji. Jidy tlrnn ndnbnits orn rnquarne tj grnotn o pjst-gjddasajifarn8 fund, jxykni, oie oi akiataji sjurgn. Jxykni as rnoeady ovoadomdnoie tlnrn orn snvnrod gjbbji fund systnb enfngts tlot goi gousnfund dno`s, wlagl rnsudt ai pjst-gjddasaji farns. Gjisaenr o fund fnefarn gosn af mjtl jf tlnsn fogtjrs oppdy8

Uln jggupoit wos `addne jr snrajusdy aihurne my farn.

Uln jggupoit suffnrne ij s`ndntod jr jtlnr dafn-tlrnotniaik

aihurans.

Enfngtavn Gom Kuores

Gom kuores jr lnoeogln rog`s orn rnquarne os frjit-nie strugturnsji ?<- wlnndnrs tlot pudd fdotmne troadnrs oie djk troadnrs. Ulnpurpjsn jf o gom kuore as tj prnvnit slaftaik gorkj frjb gjitogtaiktln gom jf o lnovy trug`. Boiy gom kuores orn ensakine jf wndenelnot trnotne odubaiub wlagl rnsudts ai o wno`niaik jf tln gomkuore jvnr tabn. Uln wno`niaik jf tln gom kuore eun tj fotakunstrnss as rndotavndy ui`ijwi tj eravnrs. Boiy wndeaik rnquarnbnitsnstomdaslne my iotajiod jrkoiazotajis orn ijt fjddjwne my gom kuore

boiufogturnrs. Uln foadurn tj fjddjw sugl kuaendains rnsudt ai pjjr wndes, pjjr quodaty gjitrjd, oie pjjrdy ensakine gom kuores fjrtlnar aitniene purpjsn jf prjtngtaik trug` jggupoits.

O gom kuore as aistoddne ji o trug` tj nisurn tlot o trug` eravnr'sdjoe ejns ijt aitruen aitj tln gom. Aistnoe jf ensakiaik oieboiufogturaik o gom kuore tlot wjr`s, tln gjbpoiy bnitajine aitln nxobpdn ot tln mnkaiiaik jf tlas ortagdn usne pjjr ensaki oiefomragotaji oie aifnrajr wndeaik prjgneurns tlot rnsudtne ai ofoadurn, gousaik Ba`n's enotl. Uln gjbpoiy eae tlas tj sovn bjinyoie tlnrnfjrn, put prjfats jvnr tln sofnty jf ats gjisubnrs. At nvnigdoabne oie oevnrtasne tlot ats gom kuore bnt tln baiabub Fnenrodstoieores oie prjvaene boxabub prjtngtaji, nvni tljukl ij suglstoieore nxasts. Fnenrod Bjtjr Gorranr Wtoieores tlot oppdy tj tln




?5=

trugàik gjbpoiy rnquarn tln gom kuore tj mn omdn tj watlstoiejin lodf jf tln djoe oppdane uiafjrbdy ogrjss tln mog` jf tln kuore.

Gom kuore boiufogturnrs gdoab tlas as tln stoieore tlny lovn tjbnnt nvni tljukl at ejns ijt oppdy tj boiufogturnrs. Ulngjbpoiy invnr tnstne tln gom kuore bjend ji Ujb's trug`. Oi

Odomobo hury oworene o $?= baddaji vnreagt tj Ujb‑s bjtlnr ai tlnprjeugt daomadaty dowsuat okoaist tln boiufogturnr jf tln enfngtavntrug` gom kuore.

Oijtlnr nxobpdn jggurrne lnrn ai Djwiensmjrj, Odomobo. Hnrry Odmrattji wos uifjrtuiotndy àddne wlni tln djk trug` ln woseravaik jvnrturine ai Djwiens Gjuity Bjieoy oftnrijji.

Oggjreaik tj tln Odomobo Laklwoy Sotrjd, Br. Odmrattji wosàddne wlni tln ?1<< Bog` djk trug` ln wos eravaik ji Djwiens]joe ; dnft tln rjoewoy ai o gurvn oie jvnrturine. Br. Odmrattji‑strug` dog`ne o gom kuore.

Os tln sji jf jin jf by gjddnokuns soae, —Eul0 o gom kuore assjbntlaik tlot sljude kuore tln gom.‒>?? O gom kuore‑s purpjsn as

tj stjp fjrwore-slaftaik gorkj.>?=

Mut, ai jin gosn, jur farbeasgjvnrne tlot o prjbainit boiufogturnr jf gom kuores loeinkdngtne tj nvni tnst wlntlnr jr ijt tln gom kuore wjude ogtuoddystjp gorkj.>?7 Oi nxngutavn jf tlas gjbpoiy loe tj oebat tlny loeinvnr tnstne tln gom kuore ai o rnod gjddasaji.>?5 Uln huekn ai tlasgosn wos sj oppoddne tlot ln engdorne tln gom kuore os o enfngtavnprjeugt os o bottnr jf dow.>?>

Oijtlnr eravnr, Ba`n ]agn, gobn tj las enbasn ui-nxpngtoitdy PsagR

oie sueenidy wlni sadvnr bntoddag djjàik odubaiub gom kuorepdogne mnlaie lab ji tln trogtjr tj prjtngt lab frjb fjrworeslaftaik djks foadne. Ba`n wos o djk trug` eravnr wlj wos loudaik odnss tloi fudd djoe jf trnn tjps wlni ln opprjoglne tln grnst jf oladd oie ui-nxpngtoitdy nigjuitnrne o possniknr gor tryaik tj dabpats woy tj o snrvagn stotaji ot tln mjttjb jf tln ladd. Uln easomdne

vnlagdn loe mnni dnft ji tln saen jf tln rjoe my tln jwinr mngousnln gjude ijt bo`n at sofndy ejwi tj tln snrvagn stotaji tln eoymnfjrn.

Ljwnvnr, tln inxt eoy ln gobn mog` watl las sastnr wlj wos kjaiktj troad lab ejwi tj tln snrvagn stotaji tj lovn tln gor rnpoarne. Atas watljut easputn tlot tlas vnlagdn sljude ijt lovn nitnrne tlnlaklwoy ji tln mog` saen jf o grnst jf o ladd ai oi orno watl tln




?57

spnne dabat jf >> bpl tlot djk trug`s trovnd frnqunitdy watljut ofdok boi ot tln tjp jf tln ladd tj wori jigjbaik eravnrs.

Os o rnsudt jf tlas engasaji, Ba`n‑s dafn turine fjr tln wjrsn wlniln sdobbne las mro`ns tryaik tj ovjae àddaik tln jggupoit jf tlneasomdne vnlagdn. Ba`n strug` o krjvn jf trnns lnoe ji trovndaikjidy ?; bpl. Ulas wos o wrng` tlot sljude lovn mnni nosadysurvavomdn, mut tln —Gom Kuore‒ foadne oie oddjwne tln djks tj sdaenfjrwore, gruslaik tln gom oie àddaik Ba`n. Nvni tljukl at wosensakine oie sjde os o sofnty envagn tj prjtngt tln trug` eravnrfrjb djks slaftaik fjrwore, tln odubaiub gom kuore wos ijt omdn tj

watlstoie tln fjrgns ai tlas rndotavn djw spnne wrng`. [lni atfoadne, tlnrn wos inordy tlrnn fnnt jf aitrusaji aitj tln jggupoitgjbportbnit oie Ba`n wos àddne os o rnsudt. Uln —Gom Kuore‒

wos boiufogturne, ensakine oie sjde tj djk trug` jpnrotjrs os osofnty envagn tj kuore tln gom.

Ljwnvnr, tln boiufogturnr‑s jwi aitnriod tnstaik as oenquotn oieprjvns at wadd ijt prjtngt trug` eravnrs ai boiy fjrnsnnomdn

gjddasajis. Jin boiufogturnr‑s gjrpjrotn rnprnsnitotavn tnstafanetlot ln ijw rnodazns o —Gom Kuore‒ sljude ijt mn usne ji djktroadnrs. Invnrtlndnss, tlny orn stadd jut ji tln rjoe mnaik usne jidjk trug`s.

îfjrtuiotndy, tln groslwjrtlainss jf lnovy trug`s los mnnilastjragoddy jvnr-djj`ne oie pjjr ensakis orn odd tjj gjbbji oijggurrnign ai tln lnovy trug`s aieustry. By wjr` ai tln lnovytrug` aieustry rnvnods —Gom Kuores‒ orn jidy tln tap jf tln agnmnrk.




?55

Wumstoign Omusn

FO_s

?)

Orn eravnrs prjlamatne frjb erai`aik odgjljdodtjkntlnr:

=) [lot rnkudotajis kjvnri ljw gorranrs loiedn eruk oieodgjljd usn:

7)

[lot tnstaik as rnquarne:

5)

Goi o eravnr wlj los vajdotne tln eruk oie odgjljdrnkudotajis/gorranr pjdagans nvnr rnturi tj wjr`:>) Gjude gorranrs mn ejaik bjrn watl tnglijdjky tj

aigrnosn suggnssfud prnvnitaji jf eravnrs uienr tlnaifdunign:

Aitrjeugtaji

—Ln wos growdaik orjuie ji odd fjurs…tlot‑s ljw lakl wos ji lasgjgoain,‒>?6 rngjuitne tln vagtab jf o trug` eravnr, wlj wosudtabotndy abprasjine fjr boisdoukltnr.>?; Ulas eravnr ‗rnspjisamdn fjr tln enotl jf o tnnioknr oie aihurans tj jtlnrs ‗ wosuiomdn tj oggjuit fjr o twndvn-ljur pnraje, euraik wlagl ln loesbj`ne gjgoain.>?<

Uwndvn groslns ai twj ynors, aigdueaik oi oggaenit tlot tjj` tlndavns jf tlrnn pnjpdn.>?1 Ulot wos tln pragn poae my tln pumdag fjr otrug`aik gjbpoiy ai Unxos watl boiy vajdotajis, aigdueaik

vajdotajis jf sumstoign omusn rnkudotajis.>=3 Ai Inw Qjr`, daqujrmjttdns wnrn fjuie ot tln sgnin jf jin grosl0 tln stuenit wljsn gor

wos strug` my tln trug` dotnr eane.>=?

At as jmvajus wly sumstoign omusn as abpjrtoit tj tln kjvnribnitoie as oeernssne ai lakl entoad ai tln rnkudotajis. Eravnrs oiegorranrs mjtl slorn tln rnspjisamadaty jf nisuraik tln eravnrs ji tln

rjoe orn ijt erui` jr lakl ji eruks. Af o gorranr jr eravnr vajdotnstln rnkudotajis, tlny orn sumhngt tj gavad oie/jr grabaiod pniodtans.>== Eravnrs orn tln frjitdain enfnisn okoaist eravaik uienr tlnaifdunign0 tlny orn tln jins wlj gljjsn tj erai` jr sbj`n addnkoderuks mnfjrn knttaik ji tln rjoe. Mut —tln mug` stjps‒ watl tlngorranr. Gorranrs orn rnquarne tj nisurn tlot tlnar eravnrs orn sjmnr




?5>

oie tlot tlnar eravnrs ìjw mjtl tln rnkudotajis oie tln gorranrs‑pjdagans rnkoreaik sumstoign omusn. Ulas as jin jf tln boiy

rnkudotaji vajdotajis tlot rnsudt ai tln FBGWO‑s rjutain engasajistj engdorn gorranrs oie/jr tlnar eravnrs jut-jf-snrvagn.

Uln rnkudotajis tlot wn easguss ai sjbn entoad mndjw jftnirnfnrnign 51 GF] § 53, ìjwi os —Sort 53.‒>=7 Sort 53 oppdans tj oddoknigans watlai tln EJU oie kuaens nbpdjynrs ai tln prjgnss jfrnturiaik pjsatavn-tnstaik nbpdjynns mog` tj eutans0 at odsj kavnsentoadne aistrugtajis fjr ljw tj gjddngt, tnst, oie rnpjrt tnstspngabnis.>=5

[lot orn tln rnkudotajis rnkoreaik eravnrs‑ usn:

Fnenrod rnkudotajis prjlamat eravnrs watl oi odgjljd gjignitrotajijf 3.35 pnrgnit jr laklnr frjb nvni sljwaik up fjr wjr` jrgjitaiuaik tj wjr`, af tln wjr` aivjdvns sofnty-snisatavnfuigtajis.>=> Wabadordy, eravnrs goiijt wjr` wladn usaik —oiy eruk

jr sumstoign aenitafane ai =? GF] ?73<.?? Wglneudn A jr ai jtlnrsglneudns, uidnss prnsgramne my o dagnisne bneagod progtatajinr wljossurns tln eravnr tlot tln eruk wadd ijt ailamat las omadaty tj eravnsofndy.>=6 Uln gorranrs orn stragtdy worine ijt tj oddjw eravnrs tj

wjr` af tlny lovn —ogtuod ìjwdnekn‒ tlot tln eravnrs orn erui` jrusaik o gjitrjddne sumstoign.>=; Eravnrs orn furtlnr fjrmaeeni frjbusaik odgjljd watlai fjur ljurs jf mnkaiiaik sofnty-snisatavnfuigtajis (gorranrs orn okoai rnquarne tj nisurn gjbpdaoign).>=< Eravnrs odsj goiijt lovn oiy odgjljd jr eruks ai tln vnlagdn, nvni

af tln prjeugts orn uijpnine.>=1 Af o eravnr as aivjdvne ai oioggaenit tlot quodafans fjr o pjst-oggaenit odgjljd tnst, tln eravnrboy ijt usn odgjljd fjr naklt ljurs oftnr tln oggaenit jr uitadln/sln los tln tnst (wlaglnvnr loppnis farst).>73

O gorranr boy ijt oddjw o eravnr watl o mdjje odgjljd gjitnit(MOG) jf nvni mntwnni 3.3= oie 3.35 tj wjr` oie goiijt pnrbatlab tj rnsubn wjr` —uitad tln stort jf tln eravnr‑s inxt rnkudordysglneudne euty pnraje, mut ijt dnss tloi twnity-fjur ljurs

fjddjwaik oebaiastrotaji jf tln tnst.‒>7? Uln nbpdjynr ejns ijtlovn tln outljraty uienr tln fnenrod rnkudotajis tj to`n oiy MOG-mosne ogtaji okoaist o eravnr af las MOG as dnss tloi 3.35, mut boyej sj —watl outljraty aienpnienit jf‒ tln rnkudotajis.>7=




?56

Os easgussne ai o prnvajus gloptnr, eravaik uienr tln aifdunign jfodgjljd jr oiy —gjitrjddne sumstoign‒ tlot —goi bo`n tln eravnr

uisofn‒ as jf gjursn prjlamatne.>77 Ulas odsj aigduens sumstoignssugl os —pnp padds‒ oie goi aigduen nvni gjde bneagains (tljuklprnsgraptaji padds tlot wadd ijt bo`n o eravnr uisofn ornpnrbattne).>75 Ai =3??, trug` eravnrs wnrn fjuie tj mn eravaik watlbntl doms ai tlnar trug`s.>7> Ai =3?=, o hury rnturine o $1.=> baddaji

vnreagt okoaist o erui` eravnr.>76 Ai oijtlnr gosn, o trug` eravnr wosfarne fjr lovaik loe uijpnine mnnr ai las trug`. >7;

]nkudotajis prjlamat o eravnr frjb usaik odgjljd watlai fjur ljursmnfjrn kjaik ji euty, lovaik plysagod gjitrjd jf tln gjbbnrgaod

vnlagdn, jr jpnrotaik at.>7< [lni ji euty jr jpnrotaik tln vnlagdn,tln eravnr goiijt pjssnss oi odgjljdag mnvnrokn.>71 At as tln gorranr‑srnspjisamadaty tj bjiatjr ats eravnr‑s mnlovajr0 af at oppnors o eravnrlos gjisubne odgjljd watlai tln fjur-ljur waiejw, tln gorranrbust to`n tln eravnr —jut jf snrvagn‒ fjr twnity-fjur ljurs.>53 Furtlnrbjrn, tln eravnr (oie tln gorranr) bust bo`n surn tln eravnrejns ijt pnrfjrb oiy sofnty-snisatavn fuigtaji watlai fjur ljurs jf

usaik odgjljd jr watl o MOG jf ot dnost 3.35 pnrgnit.>5?

[lot orn tln gorranr‑s rnspjisamadatans:

U]OAIAIK & SJDAGANW

—ODGJLJD, GJIU]JDDNE W^MWUOIGN, OIE E]^K

JVN]VAN[

Erui`niinss, pjssnssaji jf jr usn jf odgjljd wladn jieuty as stragtdy prjlamatne. ^sn jf odgjljd watlai nakltljurs jf kjaik ji euty as odsj stragtdy prjlamatne. Odgjljdagmnvnrokns orn ijt tj mn `npt ai jr ji tln nquapbnit. Ulntroispjrt, pjssnssaji jr usn jf iorgjtags, addnkod jrgjitrjddne sumstoigns, oie eruks as prjlamatne. (Ulas ejnsijt oppdy tj tln pjssnssaji jr usn jf o sumstoignoebaiastnrne tj o eravnr my, jr my prnsgraptaji frjb, o

dagnisne plysagaoi, wlj los oevasne tln eravnr tlot tlnsumstoign [ADD IJU offngt yjur omadaty tj jpnrotn objtjr vnlagdn sofndy). Qju bust ijtafy tln JggupotajiodLnodtl Unob watlai jur ]nkudotjry Enportbnit wlni yjumnkai usaik natlnr prnsgraptaji jr jvnr-tln-gjuitnr sdnnp




?5;

oaes, snazurn bneagain, busgdn rndoxnrs, oddnrky trnotbnits,oitalastobains, jr iorgjtags ‗ os yju boy ijt mn oddjwne

my EJU tj eravn wladn to`aik tlnsn typns jf bneagotajis ‗(Qju wadd rngnavn o gjbpdntn gjpy jf tln Eruk oie

Odgjljd Sjdagy euraik yjur ji-mjoreaik gjursn).‒>5=

Uln omjvn as oi nxobpdn jf port jf o bohjr gorranr‑s ejgubnitotajirnkoreaik odgjljd oie gjitrjddne sumstoigns. Gorranrs orn rnquarnetj groft gdnor sumstoign omusn pjdagans0 tlny bust eastramutn tlnsnoie neugotajiod botnraods tj tlnar nbpdjynns oie prjvaen wrattniijtagn jf tln ovoadomadaty jf tlnsn ejgubnits. Uln gjitnit jf tlnejgubnits bust gjbpdy watl tln fjddjwaik stragt kuaendains8

(?) —Uln aenitaty jf tln pnrsji ensakiotne my tln nbpdjynr tjoiswnr eravnr qunstajis omjut tln botnraods0

(=) Uln gotnkjrans jf eravnrs wlj orn sumhngt tj tln prjvasajisjf tlas port0

(7) Wuffaganit aifjrbotaji omjut tln sofnty-snisatavn fuigtajispnrfjrbne my tljsn eravnrs tj bo`n gdnor wlot pnraje jf

tln wjr` eoy tln eravnr as rnquarne tj mn ai gjbpdaoign watl tlas port0(5) Wpngafag aifjrbotaji gjignriaik eravnr gjieugt tlot as

prjlamatne my tlas port0(>)

Uln gargubstoigns uienr wlagl o eravnr wadd mn tnstne fjrodgjljd oie/jr gjitrjddne sumstoigns uienr tlas port,aigdueaik pjst-oggaenit tnstaik uienr §7<=.737(e)0

(6) Uln prjgneurns tlot wadd mn usne tj tnst fjr tln prnsnign jfodgjljd oie gjitrjddne sumstoigns, prjtngt tln eravnr oie

tln aitnkraty jf tln tnstaik prjgnssns, sofnkuore tln vodaeatyjf tln tnst rnsudts, oie nisurn tlot tljsn rnsudts ornottramutne tj tln gjrrngt eravnr, aigdueaik pjst-oggaenitaifjrbotaji, prjgneurns oie aistrugtajis rnquarne my§7<=.737(e)0

(;) Uln rnquarnbnit tlot o eravnr sumbat tj odgjljd oiegjitrjddne sumstoigns tnsts oebaiastnrne ai oggjreoign

watl tlas port0(<) Oi nxpdoiotaji jf wlot gjistatutns o rnfusod tj sumbat tj

oi odgjljd jr gjitrjddne sumstoigns tnst oie tln ottnieoitgjisnqunigns0

(1) Uln gjisnqunigns fjr eravnrs fjuie tj lovn vajdotnesumport M jf tlas port, aigdueaik tln rnquarnbnit tlot tlneravnr mn rnbjvne abbneaotndy frjb sofnty-snisatavn




?5<

fuigtajis, oie tln prjgneurns uienr port 53, sumport J, jftlas tatdn0

(?3)

Uln gjisnqunigns fjr eravnrs fjuie tj lovn oi odgjljdgjignitrotaji jf 3.3= jr krnotnr mut dnss tloi 3.350

(??) Aifjrbotaji gjignriaik tln nffngts jf odgjljd oiegjitrjddne sumstoigns usn ji oi aieavaeuod‑s lnodtl, wjr`,oie pnrsjiod dafn0 sakis oie sybptjbs jf oi odgjljd jr ogjitrjddne sumstoigns prjmdnb (tln eravnr‑s jr o gj-

wjr`nr‑s)0 oie ovoadomdn bntljes jf aitnrvniaik wlni oiodgjljd jr o gjitrjddne sumstoigns prjmdnb as suspngtne,aigdueaik gjifrjitotaji, rnfnrrod tj oiy nbpdjynnossastoign prjkrob oie/jr rnfnrrod tj boioknbnit.‒>57

Os ijtne prnvajusdy, at goi odbjst odwoys mn prjvni tlot gorranrs‑pjdagans orn enfaganit oie tlus grnotn daomadatans fjr tln gorranrs.>55

[ladn o gorranr as uida`ndy tj mn faine fjr oi aioenquotn pjdagy, oeravnr baklt tnstafy tlot ln wjude lovn gnosne las sumstoign omusnloe ln ìjwi at wos addnkod jr prjlamatne my tln gorranr0 tlas wjudebo`n tln gorranr daomdn fjr foadaik tj nstomdasl o —‑prjkrob jf

entnrrnign.‑‒>5>

Nbpdjynrs ‗ mosne ji —outljraty aienpnienit‒ jf tln fnenrodrnkudotajis ‗ boy odsj stapudotn oeeatajiod ndnbnits jf tlnarpjdagans, af tlny gdorafy tlot tlnsn oeeatajiod ndnbnits orn ijtfnenroddy rnquarne.>56 Eravnrs bust saki gnrtafagotajis tlot tlnyrngnavne tln botnraods0 tln nbpdjynr bust `nnp tln jrakaiod sakinegnrtafagotajis oie goi jffnr gjpans tj tlnar eravnrs.>5;

Gorranrs odsj orn rnquarne tj prjvaen odd supnrvasjrs jf eravnrs obaiabub jf oi ljur jf troaiaik ji odgjljd omusn oie oi ljur jigjitrjddne sumstoigns omusn.>5< Uroaiaik wadd niomdn supnrvasjrs tjìjw wlni tj tnst eravnrs mosne ji rnosjiomdn suspagajis oie waddtnogl eravnrs wlot tj wotgl fjr ai eravnrs‑ gjieugt oie wjr`.>51

UNWUAIK

—îenr fnenrod rnkudotajis, tln boai rnquarnbnit fjr nbpdjynrs as

tj abbneaotndy rnbjvn nbpdjynns frjb pnrfjrbaik EJU sofnty-snisatavn hjms‒ af tln nbpdjynns orn fjuie tj vajdotn eruk oieodgjljd rnkudotajis.>>3 Ulnrnfjrn, jin jf tln gorranr‑s `nyrnspjisamadatans as tnstaik. Uln rnkudotajis godd fjr vorajus typns jftnstaik, spngafyaik entoads rnkoreaik tln bntljes, ntg. Gorranrs odsj




?51

lovn tj lovn bntljes ai pdogn tj nisurn tln eravnrs wlj orn mnaiktnstne orn ijt mraikaik ai prjeugts tj eadutn jr oeudtnrotn tlnar

spngabnis.>>?

Gorranrs jftni larn tlare portans tj loiedn tlnar tnstaik mut ej ijtrnodazn tlot tln prjkrob tlny purglosn frjb tln tlare portans ejijt fuddy bnnt tln fnenrod rnquarnbnits.>>= Gorranrs rnkorednssrnboai rnspjisamdn fjr gjbpdaoign.>>7 Gorranrs odsj wadd sjbntabnsej tnstaik ijt spngafagoddy rnquarne jr spngafane my tln EJU, muttlny inne tj glng` watl mjtl stotn oie fnenrod rnkudotajis tj nisurn

wlot tlny orn ejaik as pnrbassamdn>>5 (fjr nxobpdn, tln fnenrodrnkudotajis prjlamat tnstaik mdjje fjr odgjljd dnvnds>>> ).

Eravnrs goiijt rnfusn tj to`n gjitrjddne sumstoign tnsts, aigdueaiktln tnsts rnquarne mnfjrn nbpdjybnit, oftnr oi oggaenit, ot roiejbtabns, wlni tln nbpdjynr los o rnosjiomdn suspagaji, wlni tlnyrnturi tj euty, jr wlni tlny bust lovn o fjddjw-up tnst, pnr tlnrnkudotajis.>>6 Af o eravnr ejns rnfusn jr ejns ijt rnfusn mut tnstspjsatavn fjr eruk jr odgjljd usn, tln gorranr goiijt oddjw tln eravnr

tj wjr`.>>;

(Mut at rnboais watlai tln gorranr‑s easgrntaji wlntlnr jrijt tj farn tln eravnr.>>< )

Ai tln fjddjwaik pokns, wn prjvaen tln rnkudotajis‑ entoadnernquarnbnits rnkoreaik tln bntljes oie prjgneurns fjr tln vorajustypns jf tnstaik. Mndjw as oi abokn pumdaslne my tln Enportbnit jf

Uroispjrtotaji tj kavn o quag` aieagotaji jf wlot kninrod tnstaikprjgneurns sljude nitoad8




?>3

S]N-NBSDJQBNIU UNWUAIK

—O inw eravnr bust mn eruk tnstne watl o inkotavn rnsudt mnfjrn oinbpdjynr goi pnrbat lab tj jpnrotn o GBV ji o pumdag rjoe.‒>>1 Gorranrs orn kavni tln jptaji jf gljjsaik ijt tj gjieugt prn-

nbpdjybnit tnstaik af8

(?) —Uln eravnr los portagapotne ai o gjitrjddne sumstoignstnstaik prjkrob tlot bnnts tln rnquarnbnits jf tlas port

watlai tln prnvajus tlarty eoys0 oie




?>?

(=) [ladn portagapotaik ai tlot prjkrob, natlnr8(a) [os tnstne fjr gjitrjddne sumstoigns watlai

tln post sax bjitls (frjb tln eotn jfoppdagotaji watl tln nbpdjynr), jr

(aa) Sortagapotne ai tln roiejb gjitrjddnesumstoigns tnstaik prjkrob fjr tln prnvajustwndvn bjitls (frjb tln eotn jf oppdagotaji

watl tln nbpdjynr)0 oie(7) Uln nbpdjynr nisurns tlot ij prajr nbpdjynr jf tln eravnr

jf wljb tln nbpdjynr los `ijwdnekn los rngjres jf o vajdotaji jf tlas port jr tln gjitrjddne sumstoigns usn rudnjf oijtlnr EJU oknigy watlai tln prnvajus saxbjitls.‒>63

Jtlnrwasn, tljukl, tln gorranr as rnquarne tj gjieugt prn-nbpdjybnit tnstaik. Af, ljwnvnr, tln gorranr los tln gljagn oiegljjsns tj gjieugt tlas typn jf tnstaik, at bust bnnt tln fjddjwaik8

(?) —At bust gjieugt o prn-nbpdjybnit odgjljd tnst mnfjrn tlnfarst pnrfjrboign jf sofnty-snisatavn fuigtajis my nvnry

gjvnrne nbpdjynn (wlntlnr o inw nbpdjynn jr sjbnjin wlj los troisfnrrne tj o pjsataji aivjdvaik tlnpnrfjrboign jf sofnty-snisatavn fuigtajis).

(=) At bust trnot odd sofnty-snisatavn nbpdjynns pnrfjrbaiksofnty-snisatavn fuigtajis tln sobn fjr tln purpjsn jf prn-nbpdjybnit odgjljd tnstaik (a.n., at bust ijt tnst sjbngjvnrne nbpdjynns oie ijt jtlnrs).

(7) At bust gjieugt tln prn-nbpdjybnit tnsts oftnr bo`aik o

gjitaiknit jffnr jf nbpdjybnit jr troisfnr, sumhngt tj tlnnbpdjynn possaik tln prn-nbpdjybnit odgjljd tnst.(5) At bust gjieugt odd prn-nbpdjybnit odgjljd tnsts usaik tln

odgjljd tnstaik prjgneurns jf 51 GF] port 53 jf tlas tatdn.(>) At bust ijt oddjw o gjvnrne nbpdjynn tj mnkai pnrfjrbaik

sofnty-snisatavn fuigtajis uidnss tln rnsudt jf tlnnbpdjynn‑s tnst aieagotns oi odgjljd gjignitrotaji jf dnsstloi 3.35.‒>6?

Mut tln rnkudotajis kavn spngafag aistrugtajis rnkoreaik wlot tjejgubnit af tln gorranr los tln jptaji oie gljjsns ijt tj gjieugttln prn-nbpdjybnit tnstaik.>6=




?>=

SJWU-OGGAENIU UNWUAIK

Ai sljrt, —GED eravnrs bust mn eruk oie odgjljd tnstne wlninvnrtlny orn aivjdvne ai o fotod oggaenit, jr rngnavn o troffag gatotajirnsudtaik frjb oi aihury jr vnlagdn-easomdaik oggaenit. Uln odgjljdtnst bust jggur watlai naklt ljurs, oie tln eruk tnst bust jggur

watlai tlarty-twj ljurs.‒>67 Gjitrory tj gjbbjibasuienrstoieaiks rnkoreaik tln plrosn —os sjji os progtagomdn,‒—tlnrn as ij tabn oddjwoign fjr gjieugtaik pjst-oggaenittnstaik.‒>65

Snr 51 G.F.]. § 7<=.7378

(o) —Os sjji os progtagomdn fjddjwaik oi jggurrnign aivjdvaik ogjbbnrgaod bjtjr vnlagdn jpnrotaik ji o pumdag rjoe ai gjbbnrgn,nogl nbpdjynr slodd tnst fjr odgjljd fjr nogl jf ats survavaikeravnrs8

(?) [lj wos pnrfjrbaik sofnty-snisatavn fuigtajis watl rnspngttj tln vnlagdn, af tln oggaenit aivjdvne tln djss jf luboi dafn0jr

(=) [lj rngnavns o gatotaji watlai naklt ljurs jf tlnjggurrnign uienr Wtotn jr djgod dow fjr o bjvaik troffag

vajdotaji orasaik frjb tln oggaenit, af tln oggaenit aivjdvne8

(a) Mjeady aihury tj oiy pnrsji wlj, os o rnsudt jf tlnaihury, abbneaotndy rngnavns bneagod trnotbnit owoy frjbtln sgnin jf tln oggaenit0 jr

(aa) Jin jr bjrn bjtjr vnlagdns aigurraik easomdaikeobokn os o rnsudt jf tln oggaenit, rnquaraik tln bjtjr

vnlagdn tj mn troispjrtne owoy frjb tln sgnin my o tjwtrug` jr jtlnr bjtjr vnlagdn.

(m) Os sjji os progtagomdn fjddjwaik oi jggurrnign aivjdvaik ogjbbnrgaod bjtjr vnlagdn jpnrotaik ji o pumdag rjoe ai gjbbnrgn,nogl nbpdjynr slodd tnst fjr gjitrjddne sumstoigns fjr nogl jf ats

survavaik eravnrs8

(?) [lj wos pnrfjrbaik sofnty-snisatavn fuigtajis watl rnspngttj tln vnlagdn, af tln oggaenit aivjdvne tln djss jf luboi dafn0jr




?>7

(=) [lj rngnavns o gatotaji watlai tlarty-twj ljurs jf tlnjggurrnign uienr Wtotn jr djgod dow fjr o bjvaik troffag

vajdotaji orasaik frjb tln oggaenit, af tln oggaenit aivjdvne8

(a) Mjeady aihury tj oiy pnrsji wlj, os o rnsudt jf tlnaihury, abbneaotndy rngnavns bneagod trnotbnit owoy frjbtln sgnin jf tln oggaenit0 jr

(aa) Jin jr bjrn bjtjr vnlagdns aigurraik easomdaikeobokn os o rnsudt jf tln oggaenit, rnquaraik tln bjtjr

vnlagdn tj mn troispjrtne owoy frjb tln sgnin my o tjw

trug` jr jtlnr bjtjr vnlagdn.

(g) Uln fjddjwaik tomdn ijtns wlni o pjst-oggaenit tnst as rnquarnetj mn gjieugtne my porokropls (o)(?), (o)(=), (m)(?), oie (m)(=) jftlas sngtaji8

Uomdn fjr §7<=.737(o) oie (m)

Uypn jf oggaenitaivjdvne

Gatotaji assune tjtln GBV eravnr

Unst bust mn

pnrfjrbne mynbpdjynr

a. Luboi fotodaty QNWIJ

QNW QNW

aa. Mjeady aihury watlabbneaotn bneagodtrnotbnit owoy frjb tlnsgnin

QNWIJ

QNWIJ

aaa. Easomdaik eobokn tj oiybjtjr vnlagdn rnquaraik tjwowoy

QNWIJ

QNWIJ

(e)(?) Odgjljd tnsts. ― Af o tnst rnquarne my tlas sngtaji as ijtoebaiastnrne watlai twj ljurs fjddjwaik tln oggaenit, tlnnbpdjynr slodd prnporn oie boaitoai ji fadn o rngjre stotaik tln

rnosjis tln tnst wos ijt prjbptdy oebaiastnrne. Af o tnstrnquarne my tlas sngtaji as ijt oebaiastnrne watlai naklt ljursfjddjwaik tln oggaenit, tln nbpdjynr slodd gnosn ottnbpts tjoebaiastnr oi odgjljd tnst oie slodd prnporn oie boaitoai tln




?>5

sobn rngjre. ]ngjres slodd mn sumbattne tj tln FBGWO upjirnqunst.

(=) Gjitrjddne sumstoign tnsts. ― Af o tnst rnquarne my tlassngtaji as ijt oebaiastnrne watlai tlarty-twj ljurs fjddjwaiktln oggaenit, tln nbpdjynr slodd gnosn ottnbpts tj oebaiastnr ogjitrjddne sumstoigns tnst, oie prnporn oie boaitoai ji fadn orngjre stotaik tln rnosjis tln tnst wos ijt prjbptdyoebaiastnrne. ]ngjres slodd mn sumbattne tj tln FBGWO upjirnqunst.

(n) O eravnr wlj as sumhngt tj pjst-oggaenit tnstaik slodd rnboairnoeady ovoadomdn fjr sugl tnstaik jr boy mn ennbne my tlnnbpdjynr tj lovn rnfusne tj sumbat tj tnstaik. Ijtlaik ai tlassngtaji slodd mn gjistrune tj rnquarn tln endoy jf ingnssory bneagodottnitaji fjr aihurne pnjpdn fjddjwaik oi oggaenit jr tj prjlamat oeravnr frjb dnovaik tln sgnin jf oi oggaenit fjr tln pnrajeingnssory tj jmtoai ossastoign ai rnspjieaik tj tln oggaenit, jr tjjmtoai ingnssory nbnrknigy bneagod gorn.

(f) Oi nbpdjynr slodd prjvaen eravnrs watl ingnssory pjst-oggaenitaifjrbotaji, prjgneurns oie aistrugtajis, prajr tj tln eravnrjpnrotaik o gjbbnrgaod bjtjr vnlagdn, sj tlot eravnrs wadd mn omdntj gjbpdy watl tln rnquarnbnits jf tlas sngtaji.

(k)(?) Uln rnsudts jf o mrnotl jr mdjje tnst fjr tln usn jf odgjljd,gjieugtne my Fnenrod, Wtotn, jr djgod jffagaods lovaikaienpnienit outljraty fjr tln tnst, slodd mn gjisaenrne tj bnnt

tln rnquarnbnits jf tlas sngtaji, prjvaene sugl tnsts gjifjrbtj tln oppdagomdn Fnenrod, Wtotn jr djgod odgjljd tnstaikrnquarnbnits, oie tlot tln rnsudts jf tln tnsts orn jmtoaine mytln nbpdjynr.

(=) Uln rnsudts jf o urain tnst fjr tln usn jf gjitrjddnesumstoigns, gjieugtne my Fnenrod, Wtotn, jr djgod jffagaodslovaik aienpnienit outljraty fjr tln tnst, slodd mn gjisaenrnetj bnnt tln rnquarnbnits jf tlas sngtaji, prjvaene sugl tnsts

gjifjrb tj tln oppdagomdn Fnenrod, Wtotn jr djgod gjitrjddnesumstoigns tnstaik rnquarnbnits, oie tlot tln rnsudts jf tlntnsts orn jmtoaine my tln nbpdjynr.‒




?>>

H.H. @nddnr prjvaens oi nxgnddnit jidain fdjwglort aitnrprntaik tlnfnenrod rnkudotajis rnkoreaik pjst-oggaenit tnstaik. Qju goi faie at

ot www.hh`nddnr.gjb.>6>

]OIEJB UNWUAIK

Nogl eravnr as rnquarne tj sumbat tj roiejb tnstaik fjr sumstoignomusn.>66 [atl jidy o fnw nxgnptajis, gorranrs orn rnquarne tjroiejbdy tnst fjr odgjljd omusn o baiabub jf tni pnrgnit jf tlnar

ovnrokn iubmnr jf eravnrs nogl ynor oie fjr gjitrjddne sumstoignsomusn o baiabub jf fafty pnrgnit jf tlnar ovnrokn iubmnr jferavnrs nogl ynor.>6; (Uln FBGWO mosns ats entnrbaiotaji jf tlnbaiabub oiiuod pnrgnitokn rotn —ji tln rnpjrtne vajdotaji rotnfjr tln nitarn aieustry.‒>6< )

—GED eravnrs orn sumhngt tj uioiijuigne roiejb tnstaik. O eravnrboy mn earngtne tj to`n o eruk tnst nvni wlni ot ljbn ai oi jff-euty stotus. ]oiejb odgjljd tnstaik boy jidy jggur wlni tln

eravnr as ji euty jr abbneaotndy mnfjrn jr oftnr. Jign ijtafane tjrnpjrt fjr roiejb tnstaik, eravnrs bust abbneaotndy rnpjrt tj tlntnstaik djgotaji. Endoyaik P. . .R orravod boy mn gjisaenrne o rnfusod(snn 51 GF] 53.?1?), wlagl as nquavodnit tj tnstaik pjsatavn.‒>61

Uln mndjw as oi nxgnddnit ejgubnit prnporne my H.H. @nddnr tjsubborazn tln rnquarnbnits fjr roiejb tnstaik8

]oiejb Unstaik ]nquarnbnits Wndngtaji oieIjtafagotaji

—Atnbazne mndjw orn tln bohjr rnquarnbnits gjignriaiktln sndngtaji oie ijtafagotaji jf eravnrs fjr roiejbtnstaik.

?. Wndngtaji jf eravnrs slodd mn boen my o sganitafagoddy vodaebntlje, sugl os o roiejb iubmnr tomdn jr o gjbputnr-mosne roiejb iubmnr kninrotjr tlot as botglne watleravnrs' Wjgaod Wnguraty iubmnrs, poyrjdd aenitafagotajiiubmnrs, jr jtlnr gjbporomdn aenitafyaik iubmnrs. ^ienrtln sndngtaji prjgnss usne, nogl eravnr slodd lovn oi nquodgloign jf mnaik tnstne nogl tabn sndngtajis orn boen.




?>6

=. Uln nbpdjynr slodd nisurn tlot roiejb tnsts ornuioiijuigne oie sprnoe rnosjiomdy tlrjukljut tln ynor.

Nbpdjynrs inne tj nstomdasl o prjkrob tlot wadd nisurntlot tlnrn as ij pnraje jf tabn euraik wlagl nbpdjynns`ijw tnstaik “as ejin fjr tln ynor.‑ Fjr nxobpdn, af oinbpdjynr as rnquarne tj gjieugt jidy twj tnsts oie tlotiubmnr jf tnsts as gjbpdntne my bae-subbnr, tlnnbpdjynr's prjkrob bust nisurn tlot bjrn tnsts gjude mngjieugtne mnfjrn tln nie jf tln godnieor ynor. Oijtlnrodtnriotavn as fjr nbpdjynrs tj hjai o gjisjrtaub watltnstaik pjjds dorkn nijukl sj tlot tlnar eravnrs orn odwoyssumhngt tj roiejb tnstaik.

7. Uln nbpdjynr slodd nisurn tlot eravnrs sndngtne fjrroiejb tnsts prjgnne abbneaotndy tj tln tnstaik satn upjiijtafagotaji jf mnaik sndngtne. Nbpdjynrs orn nxpngtne tjijtafy oie gjieugt tnsts ji eravnrs os sjji os pjssamdnoftnr o sndngtaji jf eravnrs as boen. Ulas bnois tlot wlni osndngtaji jf eravnrs los mnni boen, tln nbpdjynr sloddrnquarn odd eravnrs sndngtne tj sumbat tj tnstaik ot tlnar farstovoadomdn tabn ai tln tnrbaiod jr jtlnr opprjpraotn djgotaji.Nbpdjynrs slodd ijt endoy tnstaik fjr eravnrs uitad hustmnfjrn tln inxt sndngtaji jf eravnrs‑ iobns. Odtljukl tlnFBGWO los oddjwne tlas progtagn ai tln post, tln FBGWOmndanvns tlot sjbn nbpdjynrs boy usn sugl oiaitnrprntotaji tj pnrfjrb quosa-rnosjiomdn suspagaji tnstsjf eravnrs my boiapudotaik tln tabaik jf sugl tnsts, rotlnrtloi gjieugtaik roiejb tnstaik tlot as ijt mosne ji

aieavaeuodazne suspagaji. Ai oeeataji, nbpdjynrs boy lovnmnni endoyaik tnstaik tj bjvn frnaklt jr oddjw o eravnr watlo prjmdnb tj “gdnoi up‑ prajr tj to`aik tln tnst.

5. Nbpdjynrs boy pjjd aitnrstotn oie aitrostotn eravnrstjkntlnr fjr roiejb tnstaik. Waign tln rudn oppdans tj odderavnrs watl GEDs, tlnrn wadd mn ij inne fjr tlnsnporotaji. Ljwnvnr, tln FBGWO wadd prjlamat tlnaigdusaji ai tln roiejb sndngtaji pjjds jf oiy nbpdjynns

ijt sumhngt tj oiy jf tln EJU oknigy tnstaik rudns. Af oeravnr wjr`s fjr twj jr bjrn nbpdjynrs sumhngt tjFBGWO jr EJU oknigy rnkudotajis, tln eravnr bust mn aiodd jf tln nbpdjynrs' roiejb tnstaik prjkrobs.




?>;

>. Eruk oie odgjljd tnstaik as oddjwne frjb o saikdn pjjd.Fjr nxobpdn, oi nbpdjynr innes tj roiejbdy gljjsn naklt

iobns fjr o eruk tnst oie fjur iobns fjr oi odgjljd tnst. Uln nbpdjynr gjude nstomdasl o prjgneurn tj oggjbpdasltlas ai o woy sugl os tln fjddjwaik8

tln farst fjur iobns erowi wjude mn tnstne fjreruks oie odgjljd oie tln dost fjur iobns erowi

wjude jidy mn tnstne fjr eruks, jr

twndvn iobns gjude mn erowi, tln farst nakltiobns wjude mn tnstne fjr eruks oie tln dost fjuriobns wjude mn tnstne fjr odgjljd.

6. Af o eravnr wlj as sndngtne fjr o roiejb tnst as ji vogotaji, as doae jff, jr as ji oi nxtniene bneagod omsnign,tln nbpdjynr goi `nnp tln sndngtaji gjifaenitaod uitad tlneravnr rnturis, prjvaene tln eravnr as ijtafane oie kntstnstne mnfjrn tln nie jf tln gygdn. Af tln eravnr wadd ijt mnovoadomdn fjr tnstaik euraik tln sndngtaji pnraje, oiodtnriotn boy mn sndngtne. Uln sndngtaji jf odtnriotns asjidy pnrbassamdn af tln prabory eravnr sndngtne wadd ijt mnovoadomdn fjr tnstaik euraik tln sndngtaji pnraje mngousn jfdjik-tnrb omsnign eun tj doyjff, addinss, aihury, vogotaji, jrjtlnr gargubstoigns. Af oi odtnriotn wadd mn sndngtne, tlnnbpdjynr oie/jr G/USO bust ejgubnit tln rnosji wlyoi odtnriotn eravnr wos tnstne, oie tln ejgubnitotaji bustmn boaitoaine oie ovoadomdn fjr EJU aispngtaji. Af oeravnr‑s iobn as s`appne nitarndy, tln nbpdjynr bust `nnp

ejgubnitotaji tlot tln eravnr wos add, aihurne, doae jff, jrji vogotaji oie tlot tln eravnr wos ai tln roiejbsndngtaji pjjd fjr tlot gygdn. Oi oeeatajiod eravnr sljudemn sndngtne euraik tln inxt tnstaik gygdn tj oglanvn tlnoiiuod tnstaik rotn. Nbpdjynrs orn ijt oddjwne tj ijtafyoiy eravnrs tj sumbat tj o tnst wladn tln eravnr as jff wjr`eun tj tlnsn gargubstoigns. Oi aieavaeuod‑s iobn sljudeijt mn rnbjvne frjb tln roiejb pjjd os djik os tlnrn as ornosjiomdn nxpngtotaji jf tln nbpdjynn‑s rnturi. Ai tln

nvnit o eravnr‑s iobn as jut jf tln roiejb tnstaik prjkrobfjr bjrn tloi tlarty eoys, tln prn-nbpdjybnit eruk tnstaikprjvasajis jf tln rnkudotajis wjude oppdy wlni tln eravnrrnturis. Af oi nbpdjynr ijtafans ats G/USO tlot o sndngtnenbpdjynn as ijt ovoadomdn fjr tnstaik oie wadd ijt mn




?><

ovoadomdn mnfjrn tln nie jf tln tnstaik gygdn, tln G/USOboy sndngt oijtlnr roiejb nbpdjynn frjb tlot nbpdjynr,

aistnoe jf sndngtaik tln inxt iobn ji tln roiejb sndngtajidast. Uln EJU los ennbne tlas o sganitafagoddy vodaebntlje fjr sndngtaik eravnr iobns.

;. Af oi nbpdjynr as rnquarne tj gjieugt roiejb tnstaikuienr tln rudns jf bjrn tloi jin EJU oknigy, tlnnbpdjynr boy natlnr8

nstomdasl snporotn pjjds fjr roiejb sndngtaji, watl

nogl pjjd gjitoaiaik tln EJU-gjvnrne nbpdjynns wlj orn sumhngt tj tnstaik ot tln sobn rnquarnebaiabub oiiuod pnrgnitokn rotn, jr

roiejbdy sndngt sugl nbpdjynns fjr tnstaik ot tlnlaklnst baiabub oiiuod pnrgnitokn rotnnstomdaslne fjr tln godnieor ynor my oiy EJUoknigy tj wlagl tln nbpdjynr as sumhngt. Odtljuklbudta-bjeod pjjds wadd mn pnrbattne, jtlnr spngafagEJU oknigy rnquarnbnits wadd lovn tj mn bnt,sugl os tln FOO rnquarnbnit fjr prajr opprjvodjf gjisjrtaub-jpnrotne roiejb tnstaik pjjds.

]oiejb Unstaik ]nquarnbnits Gjisjrtao

Af tln nbpdjynr gjieugts roiejb odgjljd tnstaik tlrjukl ogjisjrtaub, tln iubmnr jf eravnrs tj mn tnstne boy mngodgudotne fjr nogl aieavaeuod nbpdjynr, jr boy mn mosneji tln tjtod iubmnr jf sumhngt eravnrs gjvnrne my tln

gjisjrtaub. Ulas wadd bnoi tlot o gjisjrtaub bnbmnrgjude lovn dnss tloi ats rnquarne iubmnr jf roiejb tnstsgjieugtne af tln jvnrodd gjisjrtaub rotn nquods tlnrnquarne rotn. Ulus, af Nbpdjynr O los tni eravnrs oie tlngjisjrtaub los >33 eravnrs ai tln pjjd gjvnraik Nbpdjynr

O, oie o >3 pnrgnit rotn oppdans, af Nbpdjynr O gljjsns tjlovn tln rotn mosne ji tln gjisjrtaub, tln gjisjrtaubbust gjieugt ot dnost =>3 tnsts nvni af jidy fjur jr fnwnreravnrs jf Nbpdjynr O orn tnstne. O gjisjrtaub tlotpnrfjrbs sndngtaji oie/jr tnstaik snrvagns os oknits fjr tlnnbpdjynr bust prnporn oie prjvaen tj tln nbpdjynrgjbpdntn oie gjbprnlnisavn ensgraptajis jf tlnprjgneurns usne my tln gjisjrtaub. Oi nbpdjynr bustlovn tlas aifjrbotaji rnoeady ovoadomdn fjr aispngtaji. Uln




?>1

gjisjrtaub, oie oi nbpdjynr wlj ejns ijt usn ogjisjrtaub, bust aigduen ai tlnsn ensgraptajis8 ljw tln

roiejb sndngtaji pjjd as ossnbmdne0 tln bntlje jfsndngtaji oie ijtafagotaji jf eravnrs0 tln djgotaji jfgjddngtaji satns (ot tnrbaiods, gdaiags, “ji tln rjoe,‑ ntg.)0bntljes jf rnpjrtaik tln tnst rnsudts ji nogl eravnr0 oiesubbory rnpjrts jf tln gjisjrtaub's prjkrob. Odsj,ejgubnitotaji bust mn prjvaene tlot tln gjisjrtaub astnstaik ot tln prnsgramne baiabub oiiuod pnrgnitokn rotnfjr odgjljd oie/jr gjitrjddne sumstoigns. Nogl nbpdjynras ot ij tabn rndanvne jf tln euty tj gjbpdy watl noglrnquarnbnit jf tlas rudn.

Jwinr-Jpnrotjrs

Oi nbpdjynr wlj nbpdjys jidy labsndf/lnrsndf os o eravnrbust abpdnbnit oi odgjljd oie gjitrjddne sumstoignstnstaik prjkrob tlot aigduens bjrn pnrsjis tloilabsndf/lnrsndf os gjvnrne nbpdjynns ai tln roiejbtnstaik pjjd. Ulus oi jwinr-jpnrotjr nssnitaoddy bust hjai

o gjisjrtaub.‒>;3

]NOWJIOMDN W^WSAGAJI UNWUAIK

Jin jf tln wndd-`ijwi, dorkn gorranrs ovjaes rnosjiomdn-suspagajitnstaik ot odbjst odd gjsts0 jin jf ats eravnrs wjude lovn tj mn erui`jr lakl tj tln pjait jf inor aigopogatotaji mnfjrn tln gorranr wjudegjieugt tln rnquarne rnosjiomdn-suspagaji tnstaik.>;? Inkdngtaik tjprjpnrdy ej rnosjiomdn-suspagaji tnstaik gdnordy nieoiknrs tlnpumdag.>;= —EJU-troaine supnrvasjrs goi earngt Po eravnrR tj mn erukjr odgjljd tnstne wlninvnr Ptln eravnrR nxlamatPsR sakis jf eruk jrodgjljd omusn. Uln engasaji bust mn mosne ji jmsnrvotajisgjignriaik tln oppnoroign, mnlovajr, spnngl, jr mjey jejrs jf tlneravnr.‒>;7 Jin vaenj ensgramns rnosjiomdn suspagaji os —hust wlotat sjuies da`n.‒>;5 O gorranr los o euty tj ogt af o eravnr nxlamatssuspagajus mnlovajr.>;> [ladn wrjikdy oggusaik o eravnr gjude gousn

tnisaji oie easrupt wjr`aik rndotajislaps, inkdngtaik tj entngt oietnst o eravnr gjude gousn djss jf dafn.>;6




?63

AF O E]AVN] UNWUW SJWAUAVN …

Af o eravnr tnsts pjsatavn, tln fjddjwaik bust jggur mnfjrn sln goirnturi tj wjr` (pnrfjrb sofnty-snisatavn hjms)8

?.

—Uln eravnr bust snn` o fogn-tj-fogn nvoduotaji frjb osumstoign omusn prjfnssajiod (WOS). (Soybnit jf tlnnvoduotaji as mosne ji boioknbnit-domjr okrnnbnitsoie lnodtl gorn mninfats oie as ijt rnquarne jf tlnnbpdjynr uienr tln FBGW]s.)

=. Uln WOS wadd rnfnr tln eravnr tj oi opprjpraotn trnotbnitoie neugotaji prjkrob.

7. Uln eravnr bust gjbpdntn tln rnquarne trnotbnit oieneugotaji oie rnturi tj tln WOS fjr oijtlnr fogn-tj-fognnvoduotaji.

5. Af tln WOS as sotasfane tlot tln eravnr as omdn tj rnturi tjeravaik, ln/sln wadd assun o rnpjrt ji las/lnr faieaiks tjtln Ensakiotne Nbpdjynr ]nprnsnitotavn.

>. Ulas rnpjrt wadd dast oiy gjitaiuaik trnotbnit oie

neugotaji, af rnquarne, oie tln iubmnr jf EJU fjddjw-up eruk oie/jr odgjljd tnsts rnquarne ai o kavni tabnfrobn. Uln eravnr wadd mn rnquarne tj lovn o baiabub jfsax uioiijuigne fjddjw-up tnsts ai tln farst twndvnbjitls fjddjwaik tln nbpdjynn‑s rnturi tj o sofnty-snisatavn fuigtaji. Uln WOS boy rnquarn fjddjw-uptnstaik fjr up tj favn ynors.

6. Uln eravnr ijw goi kj, oie ijt prajr tj tlas pjait, fjr ornturi-tj-euty eruk oie/jr odgjljd tnst. Uln nbpdjynr

bust woat fjr tln kj olnoe frjb tln WOS mnfjrn snieaiktln eravnr ai fjr tln rnturi-tj-euty tnst. O inkotavn rnsudtbust mn rngnavne mnfjrn tln eravnr goi rnturi tj o sofnty-snisatavn fuigtaji.‒>;;

]NU^]I UJ E^UQ UNWUAIK

—]nturi-tj-euty tnsts rnquarn “earngt jmsnrvotaji‑ osprnsgramne ai 51 GF] 53.6;. Ulny orn jidy rnquarne oftnr

oi nbpdjynn los gjbpdntne tln “rnturi-tj-euty‑ prjgnss,oie woits tj rnturi tj wjr` ai o sofnty snisatavn fuigtaji(a.n., eravaik GBVs). Ulny rnpdogn tln prn-nbpdjybnit tnstfjr “pjsatavn‑ tnstne oie “rnfusod‑ eravnrs.‒>;<




?6?

FJDDJ[-^S UNWUAIK

—Fjddjw-up eruk oie odgjljd tnsts orn rnquarne osprnsgramne my tln sumstoign omusn prjfnssajiod (WOS) wljsakis tln rnturi-tj-euty rnpjrt. Ulny gjisast jf o baiabubjf ot dnost sax uioiijuigne earngtdy jmsnrvne tnstsgjieugtne euraik tln farst twndvn bjitls fjddjwaik tlnrnturi-tj-euty tnst. Uln WOS goi prnsgramn fjddjw-uptnstaik jf o boxabub jf favn ynors fjr eravnrs wlj lovntnstne “pjsatavn‑ jr “rnfusne tj tnst.‑ Fjddjw-up tnstaik as aioeeataji tj oiy sndngtajis fjr roiejb tnstaik.‒>;1

W^BBO]Q JF UNWUAIK S]JGNE^]NW ]N_s><3

Jign ijtafane tj rnpjrt fjr tnstaik, o GED eravnr bustrnpjrt tj tln gjddngtaji satn abbneaotndy (Ujfobadaorazn yjursndf watl tln gjddngtaji prjgnss oie oiyjf tln jtlnr ospngts jf tln EJU eruk oie odgjljdtnstaik prjkrob, pdnosn rnfnr tj8

www.ejt.kjv/jst/eopg). EJU eruk tnstaik jidy rngjkiazns uraiodysas os o vodae

bnois fjr eruk tnstaik. Af prjmdnbs orn aenitafane, PoeravnrR boy mn rnquarne tj rntnst uienr earngtjmsnrvotaji. O eravnr as jidy pnrbattne tlrnn ljurs tjprjeugn o urain spngabni. Dnovaik tln gjddngtaji satnmnfjrn tln prjgnss los mnni gjbpdntne boy mnengdorne o —rnfusod.‒

Jign tnstne, tln domjrotjry wadd rnpjrt tln oiodysas tj o

bneagod rnvanw jffagnr (B]J). Af tln oiodysas aieagotnso pjsatavn rnsudt, tln B]J wadd gjitogt tln eravnr tjentnrbain wlntlnr tlnrn orn gargubstoigns tlot wjudenxpdoai tln pjsatavn rnsudt. Af tlnrn orn ijin, tln B]J

wadd rnpjrt o pjsatavn rnsudt tj tln nbpdjynr.

]NUNIUAJI JF ]NGJ]EW

Gorranrs bust rntoai rngjres pnr 51 GF] § 7<=.53? mut orn rnquarnetj boaitoai tln gjifaenitaodaty jf tljsn rngjres, uidnss jtlnrwasnrnquarne my dow (ai wlagl gosn tln gorranr bust aifjrb tln eravnr ai

wrataik) jr uidnss tln eravnr prjvaens o wrattni gjisnit tj o rndnosnjf tln ejgubnits.><? (Ulnsn ejgubnits fjddjw o eravnr, wlnrnvnrln kjns ‗ os djik os ln wjr`s fjr o gjbpoiy rnkudotne my tln




?6=

EJU.><= ) Ulnsn ejgubnits orn jmvajusdy gratagod tj tlnprogtatajinr‑s gosn.

Ljw baklt tnglijdjky offngt gorranrs‑ rnspjisamadatans:

Ljw tln kjvnribnit oie gorranrs rnkudotn eruk oie odgjljd usoknjf trug` eravnrs boy mngjbn bjrn gjivnianit oie sofn ai tlngjbaik ynors. Gorranrs gjude tlni mn snni os lovaik o euty tjabpdnbnit tlnsn pjtnitaoddy bjrn nffngtavn tnglijdjkans.

Uln fnenrod kjvnribnit (Wumstoign Omusn oie Bnitod LnodtlWnrvagns Oebaiastrotaji) as gurrnitdy gjisaenraik opprjvod jf o eruk

tnstaik systnb tlot wjude usn o pnrsji‑s loar0 af opprjvne, tlas

bntlje wjude tlni mn sukknstne tj tln ^.W. Enportbnit jf Lnodtl

oie Luboi Wnrvagns (wlagl tnies tj aifdunign tln EJU‑s

prjgneurns).><7 Ulas wjude gdnordy mn o sabpdnr oie pjtnitaoddy

bjrn oggurotn bntlje jf tnstaik, wlagl wjude ljpnfuddy lovn o

prnvnitotavn nffngt ji lakl eravnrs ji tln rjoe.><5

Ai oeeataji, tln Iotajiod Laklwoy Uroffag Wofnty Oebaiastrotaji

(ILUWO) los envndjpne tln tnglijdjky fjr o eravnr odgjljd

entngtaji systnb oie nvni los o prjtjtypn.><> Srjeugtaji as

oitagapotne watlai tln inxt fnw ynors.><6 Ulas systnb wjude prnvnit

o erui` eravnr frjb nvnr rnoglaik tln rjoe.><; Uln systnb wjude

lovn mjtl o tjugl- oie mrnotl-mosne systnb ai tln eoslmjore jf

tln vnlagdn0 af tln eravnr bnt tln dnkod mdjje odgjljd dabat, tln

vnlagdn wjude ijt nvni stort.><<




?67

—Uln Eravnr Odgjljd Entngtaji Wystnb fjr Wofnty

(EOEWW) prjkrob sdakltdy slorns o sabador gjignpt watl

tln aitnrdjg` eravaik systnb, nxgnpt watl EOEWW, at wjude

mn sbort tnglijdjky aistoddne ai tln vnlagdn tlot fnoturns o

stnnraik wlnnd-bjuitne mrnotlodyznr oie oi akiataji-stort

muttji tlot usns oi aifrorne daklt tj sgoi tln eravnr‑s faiknr

tj entnrbain tlnar MOG.‒><1




?65



Gatotajis

? ?<-[lnndnr Oggaenits | Snrsjiod Aihury Ottjriny Glras Kdjvnr,lttp8//www.glraskdjvnrdow.gjb (dost vasatne Ouk. ?;, =3?>).= ]jm [okinr, Uln Lastjry jf Wnba Urug`s , ovoadomdn ot lttp8//www.nljw.gjb/omjutZ>7<;;51Zlastjry-snba-trug`s.ltbd (dost vasatne Ouk.?;, =3?>).7 UrugàikAifj.int, sngtaji ji ^.W. Wtotastags, ovoadomdn ot lttp8//www.trugàifj.int/trugàik/stots.ltb5 ]jknr G. Oddni & Glordan Glapboi, Ljw tj Unogl Hurjrs tln Eoiknrs jfUrug`s (OOH ]nfnrnign Botnraod, =3??).> UrugàikAifj.int, sngtaji ji ^.W. Wtotastags, ovoadomdn ot (lttp8//www.trugàifj.int/trugàik/stots.ltb)6 ?<-[lnndnr Oggaenits | Snrsjiod Aihury Ottjriny Glras Kdjvnr,lttp8//www.glraskdjvnrdow.gjb (dost vasatne Ouk. ?;, =3?>).; Ae .< Ae1 Ae.?3

Ae .?? Ae .?= ?<-[lnndnr Oggaenits | Snrsjiod Aihury Ottjriny Glras Kdjvnr,lttp8//www.glraskdjvnrdow.gjb (dost vasatne Ouk. ?;, =3?>).?7 Hnrn Mnosdny ]npjrt, Ogtavaty ai tln Snrsjiod Aihury oie Srjeugt DaomadatyWngtaji , (Boy =3?>) ovoadomdn ot lttp8//www.hnrnmnosdnyrnpjrt.gjb/=3?>/3>/ogtavaty-ai-tln-pnrsjiod-aihury-oie-prjeugt-daomadaty-sngtaji.?5 Ae. ?> Ae.?6 Ae.?; Ae.?< Uln Mnosdny Oddni ]npjrt (Eng. ?<, =3?=) ovoadomdn ot lttps8//www.yjutumn.gjb/wotgl:v2mO7]^_KBALw.?1 Ae. =3 Ae. =? Fnenrod Bjtjr Gorranr Wofnty Oebaiastrotaji, FBGWO Wluts Ejwi Invoeo Urugàik Gjbpoiy os o Abbainit Lozore tj Sumdag Wofnty, ovoadomdn ot lttp8//www.fbgso.ejt.kjv/inwsrjjb/fbgso-sluts-ejwi-invoeo-

trugàik-gjbpoiy-abbainit-lozore-pumdag-sofnty.== Ae.=7@urt Iadoie, Gjbbnrgaod Urug` Eravnr Enotls oie Aihurans ]asaik Ogrjss tln^.W., ovoadomdn ot lttp8//www.mnosdnyoddni.gjb/inws/gjbbnrgaod-trug`-eravnr-enotls-oie-aihurans-rasaik-ogrjss-tln-u-s.=5 Ae.



=> Ae.=6

Bjrkoi Oeobs, [lot Knts Aispngtne my Uln FBGWO: Wtoieores ]nquarne jfUrug` Eravnrs oie Urugàik Gjbpoians , Urug` Aihury Dowynr Mdjk (Eng. ?<,=331), ovoadomdn ot lttp8//www.trugàihurydowynrmdjk.gjb/ortagdns/dnkod-assuns.=; Bjrkoi Oeobs, Baiabub Wtoieores fjr Wofn Srjfnssajiod Eravnrs, UrugÀihury Dowynr Mdjk (Jgt. =3, =331), ovoadomdn ot lttp8//www.trugàihurydowynrmdjk.gjb/ortagdns/dnkod-assuns.=< Bjrkoi Oeobs, Aitnr v. Aitrostotn Uroispjrtotaji uienr tln FBGW] - EjnsQjur Dowynr @ijw tln Eaffnrnign: , Urug` Aihury Dowynr Mdjk (Borgl ?,=3??), ovoadomdn ot lttp8//www.trugàihurydowynrmdjk.gjb/ortagdns/dnkod-

assuns, qujtaik Ai tln Bottnr jf Iotajiod Uroispjrtotaji Wnrvagn, Aig., Ejg`ntIj. 1=-FD-3=<-F] (Faiod Jrenr, Jgtjmnr =?,?115).=1 Fattoitj nt od., Urug` Oggaenit Datakotaji ?77 (Knisji & @nrnzboi, ne.,=e ne. =336).73 Fattoitj nt od., Urug` Oggaenit Datakotaji =; (Knisji & @nrnzboi, ne., =ene. =336).7? Ae. 7= Baglond Hoy Dnaznrboi, Datakotaik Urug` Oggaenit Gosns 75=, vjd. ?(Uljbsji ]nutnrs =3?7).77

Ae.75 51 GF] 71=.=.7> Srjfnssajiod Urug` Eravnr Aistatutn, Aieustry Dai`s, ovoadomdn ot lttp8//www.ptea.jrk/dai`s/aienx.ospx (dost vasatne Ouk. ?;, =3?>).76 \]W Gjrpjrotaji, GWO8 Wtoy Gurrnit, Wtoy Gjbpntatavn. ovoadomdn ot lttp8//xrsgjrp.gjb/gso/.7; 51 ^.W.G. § ?7?3=(=).7< 51 G.F.]. § 7;?.=(o).71 Fnenrod Bjtjr Gorranr Wofnty Oebaiastrotaji, Omjut GWO ‗ [lot As At:ovoadomdn ot lttp8//gso.fbgso.ejt.kjv/omjut/ (dost vasatne Ouk. ?;, =3?>).

53 Fnenrod Bjtjr Gorranr Wofnty Oebaiastrotaji, Omjut ^s ovoadomdn ot lttp8//www.fbgso.ejt.kjv/bassaji/omjut-us (dost vasatne Ouk. ?;, =3?>).5? 51 ^.W.G. § ?7?3=(?5).5= Wglinaenr, GWO Jvnrvanw, Assuns oie Abpogt Ossnssbnit ovoadomdn ot lttp8//www.sglinaenr.gjb/gso/aienx.ltb (dost vanwne Ouk. ?;, =3?>).57 GWO, Gorranr Wofnty Bnosurnbnit Wystnb (GWBW) Bntljejdjky ovoadomdn ot lttp8//gso.fbgso.ejt.kjv/Ejgubnits/WBWBntljejdjky.pef (Wnptnbmnr=3?5).55 Unbp Unbpdn, ]akltaikAihustagn, Unxtaik oie Eravaik Gosns ObjikGjbbnrgaod Urug` Eravnrs Wjor watl Inordy ?6,333 Uag`ntne Dost Qnor (Boy 7,=3?5) ovoadomdn otlttp8//www.rakltaikaihustagn.gjb/inws/=3?5/3>/37/tnxtaik-oie-eravaik-gosns-objik-gjbbnrgaod-trug`-eravnrs-sjor-watl-inordy-?6333-tag`ntne-dost-ynor/.5> Ae.



56 Knjff Sottji, Eravnr aihurne ai Froigjiao Ujwislap grosl, Uln ]npjrtnr

Jidain, ovoadomdn ot lttp8//www.tlnrnpjrtnrjidain.gjb/kninrod-inws/=3?>35?7/eravnr-aihurne-ai-froigjiao-tjwislap-grosl (Oprad ?7,=3?>).5; Odomobo Enportbnit jf Sumdag Wofnty, Odomobo Gjbbnrgaod Eravnr‑sDagnisn Boiuod (=3?3)5< Ae. 51 Ae. >3 Eoiand ]jerakunz, ^saik tln ]udns ai Urug`aik Enpjsatajis (OOH ]nfnrnignBotnraod, =3??).>? Lodd v. Kninrod Bjtjrs Gjrp., 65; F.=e ?;>, ?<3 (E.G. Gar.?1<3)0 qujtaik

Addaijas Gnitrod Kudf ].]. v. Aslnn , 7?; Wj.=e 1=7, 1=6 (Bass. ?1;>)0 snn odsjMorins v. Kninrod Bjtjrs Gjrp., >5; F.=e =;>, =;; (>tl Gar. ?1;;).>= Wnn Lai`dn v. Gaty jf Gdor`smurk, <? F.7e 5?6 (5tl Gar. ?116)0 Mroiet v.Frnigl , 67< F.=e =31, =?= (?3tl Gar. ?1<?).>7 Mroiet , 67< F.=e ot =?= (gataik Loi`ais v. Fjre Bjtjr Gj., 57; F.=e =;6(7re Gar. ?1;3)0 Baddnr‑s Iotajiod Aisuroign Gj. v. [atglato Fdjur Badds Gj., =>;F.=e 17 (?3tl Gar. ?1><)).>5 Ae. (gataik Woiglnz v. Enivnr oie ]aj Kroie [. ].]. Gj., >7< F.=e 735(?3tl Gar. ?1;6), gnrt. eniane, 5=1 ^.W. ?35=, 1; W.Gt. ;5=, >3 D.Ne.=e ;>5

(?1;;)).>> Baglakoi Glnb. Gjrp. v. Obnragoi Ljbn Ossur. Gj., ;=< F.=e 7;5 (6tl Gar.?1<5).>6 Ljbn Aienbiaty Gj. v. Gaty jf Bjmadn , ;51 F.=e 6>1 (??tl Gar. ?1<5).>; Urug` Ais. Nxgloikn v. ]jlen , 51 [osl.=e 56>, 5;?, 737, S.=e 6>1, 66=(?1>6).>< Wnn, O.].=e ?733 (?1>;).>1 <O Djik, Aisuroign Dow oie Srogtagn § 5<1?.=> ot ?< (?1<?)0 gataik, Jdsni v. Bjjrn , >6 [as.=e 753, =3= I.[.=e =76 (?1;=).63 Damnrty Butuod Aisuroign Gj. v. ]owds , 535 F.=e <<3 (>tl Gar. ?161)

6? ]owds , 535 F.=e ot <<3.6= Ae. 67 Ae., ot <<?.65 Niias v. ]nne , End.Wupnr., 56; G.O.?1;; (Oprad 5, ?1;<) (Dnttnr Jpaiaji)6> Addaiajs Iot. Ais. Gj. v. Wzgznp`jwagz , ?<> Add. Opp.7e ?31?, >5= I.N.=e 13,?75 Add. Eng.13 (?1<1).66 Ae ., ot ?317.6; Ae .6< Ae .61 Ae., ot ?316.;3 BgGjy v. Eroain , ?11? [D ?<3;? ot *5 (End. Wupnr ?113).;? Fnenrod Bjtjr Gorranr Wofnty Oebaiastrotaji, ̂ .W. Enportbnit jf Uroispjrtotaji, —Vnlagdns,‒ ovoadomdn ot lttp8//www.fbgso.ejt.kjv/sofnty/eoto-oie-stotastags/dorkn-trug`-oie-mus-grosl-fogts-=3?=#Uomdns frjb Gloptnr =.



;= Oiodysas Eavasaji, Fnenrod Bjtjr Gorranr Wofnty Oebaiastrotaji, ̂ .W.

Enportbnit jf Uroispjrtotaji, —Groslns Uomdn ?5,‒ ovoadomdn ot lttp8//www.fbgso.ejt.kjv/sofnty/eoto-oie-stotastags/dorkn-trug`-oie-mus-grosl-fogts-=3?=#Uomdns frjb Gloptnr =.;7 Uln Mnosdny Oddni ]npjrt (Oprad =3?>) ovoadomdn ot lttp8//www.mnosdnyoddni.gjb/budtabneao/enfngtavn-kuoreroads-ji-rjoewoys-easgussne-my-mnosdny-oddni-ottjriny-glras-kdjvnr/.;5 Ae. ;> Baglond Hoy Dnaznrboi, Datakotaik Urug` Oggaenit Gosns 75?, vjd. ?(Uljbsji ]nutnrs =3?7).;6 51 GF] §713.>.;; (Loiedaik Urug`aik Gosns =);< Mnosdny Oddni Dow Farb, ?<-[lnndnr jr Djk Urug` Oggaenits ovoadomdn ot lttps8//www.mnosdnyoddni.gjb/progtagn/pnrsjiod-aihury-oie-prjeugt-daomadaty/outjbjtavn-oggaenits/?<-wlnndnr-jr-djk-trug`-oggaenits/.;1 Ae.<3lttp8//www.fbgso.ejt.kjv/rnkastrotaji/knt-bg-iubmnr-outljraty-jpnrotn<? Ae.<= Fnenrod Bjtjr Gorranr Wofnty Oebaiastrotaji, ̂ .W. Enportbnit jf

Uroispjrtotaji, —Ej A inne o ^WEJU Iubmnr:‒ (Eng. =3?5), ovoadomdn ot lttp8//www.fbgso.ejt.kjv/rnkastrotaji/ej-a-inne-usejt-iubmnr#stlosl.SQnBgOwH.epuf.<7 Fnenrod Bjtjr Gorranr Wofnty Oebaiastrotaji, ̂ .W. Enportbnit jf Uroispjrtotaji, O Bjtjr Gorranr‑s Kuaen tj Abprjvaik Laklwoy Wofnty 51 (Eng.=331<5 Fnenrod Bjtjr Gorranr Wofnty Oebaiastrotaji, ̂ .W. Enportbnit jf Uroispjrtotaji, —Ej A inne o ^WEJU Iubmnr:‒ (Eng. =3?5), ovoadomdn ot lttp8//www.fbgso.ejt.kjv/rnkastrotaji/ej-a-inne-usejt-iubmnr#stlosl.SQnBgOwH.epuf.

<> Ae.<6 Ae.<; Fnenrod Bjtjr Gorranr Wofnty Oebaiastrotaji, ̂ .W. Enportbnit jf Uroispjrtotaji, —Knt Outljraty tj Jpnrotn (BG Iubmnr)‒ (Eng. =3?5),ovoadomdn ot lttp8//www.fbgso.ejt.kjv/rnkastrotaji/knt-bg-iubmnr-outljraty-jpnrotn#stlosl.;A=DJ^kr.epuf.<< Ae.<1 Ae.13 Ae.1?Fnenrod Bjtjr Gorranr Wofnty Oebaiastrotaji, ^.W. Enportbnit jf Uroispjrtotaji, —[lot Ej A Inne tj Fadn:‒ (Boy =3?5), ovoadomdn ot lttp8//www.fbgso.ejt.kjv/rnkastrotaji/wlot-ej-a-inne-fadn#stlosl.]X7gb@m_.epuf.1= Fnenrod Bjtjr Gorranr Wofnty Oebaiastrotaji, ̂ .W. Enportbnit jf Uroispjrtotaji, —Inw Nitroit Wofnty Ossuroign Srjkrob‒ (Jgt. =3?5),



ovoadomdn ot lttp8//www.fbgso.ejt.kjv/sofnty/inw-nitroit-sofnty-

ossuroign-prjkrob#stlosl.uO;1[fs3.epuf.17 Fnenrod Bjtjr Gorranr Wofnty Oebaiastrotaji, ^.W. Enportbnit jf Uroispjrtotaji, —Aisuroign ]nquarnbnits‒ (Opr. =3?>), ovoadomdn ot lttp8//www.fbgso.ejt.kjv/rnkastrotaji/aisuroign-rnquarnbnits#stlosl.DxEsKexD.epuf.15 Fnenrod Bjtjr Gorranr Wofnty Oebaiastrotaji, ^.W. Enportbnit jf Uroispjrtotaji, —^peotaik yjur ]nkastrotaji‒ (Eng. =3?5), ovoadomdn ot lttp8//www.fbgso.ejt.kjv/rnkastrotaji/upeotaik-yjur-rnkastrotaji#stlosl.u;f`\kXz.epuf.1> Frane nt od., ^ienrstoieaik Bjtjr Gorranr Gdoabs 6 (7re ne. =3?3).16 Ae.1; Fnenrod Bjtjr Gorranr Wofnty Oebaiastrotaji, ^.W. Enportbnit jf Uroispjrtotaji, —Inw Nitroit Wofnty Ossuroign Srjkrob‒ (Jgt. =3?5),ovoadomdn ot lttp8//www.fbgso.ejt.kjv/sofnty/inw-nitroit-sofnty-ossuroign-prjkrob#stlosl.uO;1[fs3.epuf.1< Ae. 11 Ae.?33 Ae.?3? Ae.?3=

Ae.?37 Fnenrod Bjtjr Gorranr Wofnty Oebaiastrotaji, ^.W. Enportbnit jf Uroispjrtotaji, —Inw Nitroit Wofnty Ossuroign Srjkrob‒ (Jgt. =3?5),ovoadomdn ot lttp8//www.fbgso.ejt.kjv/sofnty/inw-nitroit-sofnty-ossuroign-prjkrob#stlosl.uO;1[fs3.epuf.?35 Ae. ?3> Ae.?36 Fnenrod Bjtjr Gorranr Wofnty Oebaiastrotaji, ^.W. Enportbnit jf Uroispjrtotaji, —Inw Nitroit Wofnty Ossuroign Srjkrob‒ (Jgt. =3?5),ovoadomdn ot lttp8//www.fbgso.ejt.kjv/sofnty/inw-nitroit-sofnty-

ossuroign-prjkrob#stlosl.uO;1[fs3.epuf.?3; (Wnbaior Sopnr) ?3< Fnenrod Bjtjr Gorranr Wofnty Oebaiastrotaji, ^.W. Enportbnit jf Uroispjrtotaji, —Sort 7<> ‗ Wofnty Fatinss Srjgneurns‒ (Hud. =33;),ovoadomdn ot lttp8//www.fbgso.ejt.kjv/rnkudotajis/tatdn51/sngtaji/7<>.;.?31 Fattoitj nt od., Urug` Oggaenit Datakotaji =56 (Knisji & @nrnzboi, ne.,=e ne. =336).??3 Ae. ot =5<.??? Ae. ot =>?.??= Fnenrod Bjtjr Gorranr Wofnty Oebaiastrotaji, ^.W. Enportbnit jf Uroispjrtotaji, —Wtotnbnit jf FBGWO Oebaiastrotjr Oiin W. FnrrjMnfjrn tln Ljusn Uroispjrtotaji oie Aifrostrugturn Wumgjbbattnn jiLaklwoys oie Uroisat ji tln Lnoraik “Gjbpdaoign, Wofnty, OggjuitomadatySrjkrob‒ (Wnpt. =3?=), ovoadomdn ot



lttp8//www.fbgso.ejt.kjv/inwsrjjb/stotnbnit-fbgso-oebaiastrotjr-

oiin-s-fnrrj-ljusn-troispjrtotaji-oie-aifrostrugturn.??7 Ae.??5 Mrnit [addaob Srabus, —Djkastags oie tln Dow8 GWO/WBW―Wlappnrs,to`n Ogtaji!‒ (Fnm. =3?=), ovoadomdn ot lttp8//www.djkastagsbkbt.gjb/ortagdn/djkastagsZoieZtlnZdowZgsoZsbs-- ZslappnrsZto`nZogtaji.??> Fattoitj nt od., Urug` Oggaenit Datakotaji =6? (Knisji & @nrnzboi, ne.,=e ne. =336).??6 Wglinaenr, —Unob Urug` Eravaik Hjms,‒ ovoadomdn ot lttp8//sglinaenrhjms.gjb/gjbpoiy-eravnrs/eravaik-jppjrtuiatans/tnob

(dost vasatne Ouk. ?;).??; Fattoitj nt od., Urug` Oggaenit Datakotaji =>7 (Knisji & @nrnzboi, ne.,=e ne. =336).??< Ae.??1 Ae.?=3 Ae.?=? Ae.?== (—Otd Urugàik Wnbaior=‒) ?=7 Fattoitj nt od., Urug` Oggaenit Datakotaji =7-=5, =5? (Knisji &

@nrnzboi, ne., =ie ne. =336).?=5 51 GF] §713.??.?=> Fattoitj nt od., Urug` Oggaenit Datakotaji ?>?->7 (Knisji & @nrnzboi,ne., =ie ne. =336).?=6 Ae.?=; (Loiedaik Urugàik Gosns =) ?=< 51 GF] 7<3.>370 Fattoitj nt od., Urug` Oggaenit Datakotaji =>6, =><(Knisji & @nrnzboi, ne., =e ne. =336).?=1 Fattoitj nt od., Urug` Oggaenit Datakotaji =>6, =>< (Knisji & @nrnzboi,ne., =e ne. =336).

?73 51 GF] 7<7.?7? 51 G.F.]. Sort 7<3, Oppnieax.?7= Fattoitj nt od., Urug` Oggaenit Datakotaji =>1 (Knisji & @nrnzboi, ne.,=ie ne. =336).?77 Ae. ot =>6, =><.?75 Ae. ot =63.?7> Ae. ot =>;.?76 Fnenrod Bjtjr Gorranr Wofnty Oebaiastrotaji, ̂ .W. Enportbnit jf Uroispjrtotaji, —Eravnr Wofnty Neugotaji Gnitnr,‒ ovoadomdn ot lttp8//gso.fbgso.ejt.kjv/Qjur]jdn/Eravnrs.ospx.?7; Fattoitj nt od., Urug` Oggaenit Datakotaji =63 (Knisji & @nrnzboi, ne.,=e ne. =336).?7< (—Otd Urugàik Wnbaior=‒ oie Loiedaik Urugàik Gosns =) Wnnodsj (o qujtn frjb)8 Frane nt od., îenrstoieaik Bjtjr Gorranr Gdoabs =3-=?(7re ne. =3?3).



?71 Fattoitj nt od., Urug` Oggaenit Datakotaji =7 (Knisji & @nrnzboi, ne., =e

ne. =336).?53 Ae. ?5? Fattoitj nt od., Urug` Oggaenit Datakotaji =?> (Knisji & @nrnzboi, ne.,=e ne. =336).?5= 51 GF] § 716.?;.?57 Fattoitj nt od., Urug` Oggaenit Datakotaji =7 (Knisji & @nrnzboi, ne., =ene. =336).?55 Ae.?5> Ae.?56 (—Otd Urug`aik Wnbaior=‒) ?5; Ae. ot =51.?5< Glras Kdjvnr, Mnosdny Oddni Dow Farb, Eji‑t Jvnrdjj` Mrj`nr oie WlappnrDaomadaty ai ?<-[lnndnr Grosl Gosns ovoadomdn ot lttp8//www.mnosdnyoddni.gjb/inws/ejit-jvnrdjj`-mrj`nr-oie-slappnr-daomadaty-ai-?<-wlnndnr-grosl-gosns/.?51 51 ^.W.G. § ?7?3=(=).?>3 51 G.F.]. § 7;?.=(o).?>? Ae. ?>= Gjikrnssajiod ]nsnorgl Wnrvagn, —L.]. ??=3 ‗ Uj niloign aitnrstotn

gjbbnrgn my grnotaik o Iotajiod Laraik Wtoieore fjr Bjtjr Gorranrs,‒ovoadomdn ot lttps8//www.gjikrnss.kjv/madd/??5tl-gjikrnss/ljusn-madd/??=3.?>7 Wob Hnrby, —Ljw wjude inw dnkasdotaji offngt Frnaklt Mrj`nrs oieFjrworenrs‒ (Hui. =3?>), ovoadomdn ot lttp8//www.suppdygloaieakatod.gjb/djkastags/7161/Ljw-wjude-inw-dnkasdotaji-offngt-Frnaklt-Mrj`nrs-oie-Fjrworenrs.?>5 Wnn Wglrobb v. Fjstnr , 75? F. Wupp. =e >76, >>??>>GWO, ]nvanw jf [ndds Forkj Nquaty ]nsnorgl ]npjrt ji Gjbpdaoign,Wofnty, Oggjuitomadaty ovoadomdn ot

lttp8//www.gvso.jrk/inws/ejgubnits/=3?=/FBGWO%=3Oiodysas%=3jf%=3[ndds%=3Forkj%=3]npjrt%=3rn%=3GWO%=3-%=3FBG-?=3?=5-336).pef ot pokn =.?>6 Wglrobb v. Fjstnr , 75? F. Wupp. =e >76, >>=.?>; Ae . ot >>?.?>< Ae . (gataik D.M. Fjstnr Gj., Aig. v. Lurimdoe ¼5?< F.=e ;=; (1tl Gar. ?161)).?>1 Jwnis v. Oitljiy , =3?7 [D ?755<<?.?63 BgDoain v. BgDnje , 66? W.N.=e 61>, 61; (=33<).?6? Wglrobb v. Fjstnr, 75? F. Wupp.=e >76, >57 (=335). ?6=

Ae . ot >57-56.?67 >>< F. Wupp. =e 673 (=33<).?65 Wpnrd v. G.L. ]jmaisji, Aig., 53< Add. Opp. 7e ?3>? (=3??).?6> ^.W. Gjen jf Fnenrod ]nkudotajis, Uatdn 51, Sort 7<>, Oppnieax O ―Nxpdoiotaji jf Wofnty Oueat Nvoduotaji Gratnrao. (Mdjjbmnrk)



?66 ^.W. Gjen jf Fnenrod ]nkudotajis, 51 G.F.]. § 71?.?? Kninrod

quodafagotajis jf eravnrs. (Mdjjbmnrk)?6; ^.W. Gjen jf Fnenrod ]nkudotajis, 51 G.F.]. § 7<7.???. ]nquarne`ijwdnekn. (Mdjjbmnrk)?6< Fnenrod ]nkastnr =3?>, <3 F] =1?>= _uodafagotaji jf Eravnrs0Nxnbptaji Oppdagotajis0 Vasaji. (Mdjjbmnrk)?61 Unbp Unbpdn, Mnosdny Oddni Dow Farb, Jmnsaty boy aigrnosn ras` fogtjrs fjrgjbbnrgaod eravnrs tj mn aivjdvne ai o grosl my inordy >3 pnrgnit ovoadomdn ot lttp8//www.mnosdnyoddni.gjb/inws/jmnsaty-boy-aigrnosn-ras`-fogtjrs-fjr-gjbbnrgaod-eravnrs-tj-mn-aivjdvne-ai-o-grosl-my-inordy->3-pnrgnit/?;3 Ae.?;? Fnenrod Bjtjr Gorranr Wofnty Oebaiastrotaji, ̂ .W. Enportbnit jf Uroispjrtotaji, —Eravnrs,‒ ovoadomdn ot lttp8//www.fbgso.ejt.kjv/rnkastrotaji/gjbbnrgaod-eravnrs-dagnisn/eravnrs.?;= Fnenrod Bjtjr Gorranr Wofnty Oebaiastrotaji, ̂ .W. Enportbnit jf Uroispjrtotaji, —Wtotns,‒ ovoadomdn ot lttp8//www.fbgso.ejt.kjv/rnkastrotaji/gjbbnrgaod-eravnrs-dagnisn/stotns.?;7 Ae.?;5

Fnenrod ]nkastnr, Iotajiod ]nkastry jf Gnrtafane Bneagod Nxobainrs,ovoadomdn ot lttps8//www.fnenrodrnkastnr.kjv/ortagdns/=3?=/35/=3/=3?=-1375/iotajiod-rnkastry-jf-gnrtafane-bneagod-nxobainrs0 snn odsj GlrasKdjvnr, Mnosdny Oddni Dow Farb, Inw bneagod nxob rnquarnbnits fjr gjbbnrgaoderavnrs nstomdaslne my FBGWO ovoadomdn ot lttp8//www.mnosdnyoddni.gjb/inws/inw-bneagod-nxob-rnquarnbnits-fjr-gjbbnrgaod-eravnrs-nstomdaslne-my-fbgso/.?;> ^.W. Gjen jf Fnenrod ]nkudotajis, 51 G.F.]. § 716.??. Eravnr vnlagdnaispngtaji rnpjrt(s).?;6 H.H. @nddnr & Ossjgaotns, Aig., —Aispngtaji & Boaitnioign FO_s,‒

ovoadomdn ot lttp8//www.hh`nddnr.gjb/sljp/Gotnkjry/gjitnitZZZZma-aispngtajis-boaitnioign-foqsZZZ.?;; Urug` Oggaenit Ottjrinys ]juietomdn, Mustne! Uaps tj lndp trug` oggaenitottjrinys spjt fo`n eravnr djkmjj`s 0 ovoadomdn otlttp8//www.trug`oggaenitottjrinysrjuietomdn.gjb/mdjk/mustne-taps-tj-lndp-trug`-oggaenit-ottjrinys-spjt-fo`n-eravnr-djk-mjj`s (dost vasatne Ouk.?;, =3?>)?;< H.H. @nddnr & Ossjgaotns, Aig., —Aispngtaji & Boaitnioign FO_s,‒ovoadomdn ot lttp8//www.hh`nddnr.gjb/sljp/Gotnkjry/gjitnitZZZZma-aispngtajis-boaitnioign-foqsZ (dost vasatne Ouk. ?;, =3?>).?;1 Ae.?<3 Ae.



?<? OOBVO, Gjbbnrgaod Eravnr Dagnisn Boiuod/=33> Bjend Gjbbnrgaod

Eravnr‑s Dagnisn Boiuod =-? (Hudy =3?3), ovoadomdn ot lttp8//eps.odomobo.kjv/Ejgubnits/Boiuods/GEDBoiuod.pef.?<= Ae. ot =-;.?<7 Ae. ot =->.?<5 Ae. ot =-;.?<> ^.W. Gjen jf Fnenrod ]nkudotajis, 51 G.F.]. § 716.??. Eravnr vnlagdnaispngtaji rnpjrt(s).?<6 H.H. @nddnr & Ossjgaotns, Aig., —Aispngtaji & Boaitnioign FO_s,‒ovoadomdn ot lttp8//www.hh`nddnr.gjb/sljp/Gotnkjry/gjitnitZZZZma-aispngtajis-

boaitnioign-foqs (dost vasatne Ouk. ?;, =3?>).?<; Ae.?<< Ae.?<1 Ae.?13 Fattoitj nt od., Urug` Oggaenit Datakotaji 11 (Knisji & @nrnzboi, ne., =ene. =336).?1? OOBVO, Gjbbnrgaod Eravnr Dagnisn Boiuod/=33> Bjend GjbbnrgaodEravnr‑s Dagnisn Boiuod =-?5 (Hudy =3?3), ovoadomdn ot lttp8//eps.odomobo.kjv/Ejgubnits/Boiuods/GEDBoiuod.pef.?1=

Ae.?17 Fnenrod Bjtjr Gorranr Wofnty Oebaiastrotaji, ̂ .W. Enportbnit jf Uroispjrtotaji, —Sort 71= ‗ Eravaik jf Gjbbnrgaod Bjtjr Vnlagdns,Kuaeoign,‒ ovoadomdn ot lttp8//www.fbgso.ejt.kjv/rnkudotajis/tatdn51/sngtaji/71=.6:kuaeoign(dost vasatne Ouk. ?;, =3?>).—Easgdoabnr8 Odtljukl wn bo`n nvnry nffjrt tj ossurn tlot tlnaifjrbotaji wn prjvaen as gjbpdntn oie oggurotn, at as ijt aitniene tjto`n tln pdogn jf pumdaslne oknigy rnkudotajis. ]nkudotajis assune my tln^.W. Enportbnit jf Uroispjrtotaji oie ats Jpnrotaik Oebaiastrotajis orn

pumdaslne ai tln Fnenrod ]nkastnr oie gjbpadne ai tln ^.W. Gjen jfFnenrod ]nkudotajis (GF]). Gjpans jf opprjpraotn vjdubns jf tln GF] aimjj` fjrbot boy mn purglosne frjb tln Wupnraitnienit jfEjgubnits, ^.W. Kjvnribnit Sraitaik Jffagn, jr nxobaine ot boiydamrorans. Uln GF] boy odsj mn vanwne jidain otlttp8//NGF].kpjoggnss.kjv.‒Wnn odsj8 H.H. @nddnr & Ossjgaotns, Aig., —Ljurs-jf-Wnrvagn FO_s,‒ ovoadomdnot lttps8//www.hh`nddnr.gjb/sljp/Srjeugt/gjitnitZZZZma-ljursjfsnrvagn-inwrudn-FO_s.?15 @urt Iadoie, ]akltaikAihustagn, Uwj Dowsuats Fadne Okoaist Urug` Gorranroie Eravnr Jvnr Enoedy Gjddnkn Mus Grosl (Jgt. <, =3?5), ovoadomdn ot lttp8//www.rakltaikaihustagn.gjb/inws/=3?5/?3/3</twj-dowsuats-fadne-okoaist-trug`-gorranr-oie-eravnr-jvnr-enoedy-gjddnkn-mus-grosl/



?1> Unbp Unbpdn, ]akltaikAihustagn, Unxtaik oie Eravaik Gosns Objik

Gjbbnrgaod Urug` Eravnrs Wjor [atl inordy ?6,333 Uag`ntne Dost Qnor (Boy 7,=3?5) ovoadomdn ot lttp8//www.rakltaikaihustagn.gjb/inws/=3?5/3>/37/tnxtaik-oie-eravaik-gosns-objik-gjbbnrgaod-trug`-eravnrs-sjor-watl-inordy-?6333-tag`ntne-dost-ynor/?16 Ae.?1; OOBVO, Gjbbnrgaod Eravnr Dagnisn Boiuod/=33> Bjend GjbbnrgaodEravnr‑s Dagnisn Boiuod =-?5 (Hudy =3?3), ovoadomdn ot lttp8//eps.odomobo.kjv/Ejgubnits/Boiuods/GEDBoiuod.pef.?1< Ae.?11 Ae. ot =-==.=33 Fnenrod Bjtjr Gorranr Wofnty Oebaiastrotaji, ̂ .W. Enportbnit jf Uroispjrtotaji, —Inw rudn8 ij tnxtaik wladn jpnrotaik o GBV‒ (Boy=3?=), ovoadomdn ot lttp8//www.fbgso.ejt.kjv/satns/fbgso.ejt.kjv/fadns/ejgs/IjZUnxtaikZ ]udnZFogtZWlnnt.pef.=3?Ae. =3= ^.W. Gjen jf Fnenrod ]nkudotajis, 51 G.F.]. § 713.>. Enfaiatajis.(Mdjjbmnrk)=37

^.W. Gjen jf Fnenrod ]nkudotajis, 51 G.F.]. § 71=.<=. ^saik o loie-lnde bjmadn tndnpljin. (Mdjjbmnrk)=35 ^.W. Gjen jf Fnenrod ]nkudotajis, 51 G.F.]. § 7<7.>?. Easquodafagotajijf eravnrs. (Mdjjbmnrk)=3> Frane nt od., ^ienrstoieaik Bjtjr Gorranr Gdoabs 77 (7re ne. =3?3).=36 ^.W. Gjen jf Fnenrod ]nkudotajis, 51 G.F.]. § 71=.;? ]oeor entngtjrs0usn oie/jr pjssnssaji. (Mdjjbmnrk)=3; OOBVO, Gjbbnrgaod Eravnr Dagnisn Boiuod/=33> Bjend GjbbnrgaodEravnr‑s Dagnisn Boiuod =-< (Hudy =3?3), ovoadomdn ot lttp8//eps.odomobo.kjv/Ejgubnits/Boiuods/GEDBoiuod.pef.

=3< Ae. =31 Ae. =?3 Ae. =?? Ae. =?= Ae. ot =-7>.=?7 OOBVO, Gjbbnrgaod Eravnr Dagnisn Boiuod/=33> Bjend GjbbnrgaodEravnr‑s Dagnisn Boiuod =-< (Hudy =3?3), ovoadomdn ot lttp8//eps.odomobo.kjv/Ejgubnits/Boiuods/GEDBoiuod.pef.=?5 Ae. ot =-?=.=?> Ae. ot =-?7.=?6 Ae. ot =-==.=?; Ae . ot =-==.=?< Ae. ot =-?<, =-=3.



=?1 OOBVO, Gjbbnrgaod Eravnr Dagnisn Boiuod/=33> Bjend Gjbbnrgaod

Eravnr‑s Dagnisn Boiuod =-?3 (Hudy =3?3), ovoadomdn ot lttp8//eps.odomobo.kjv/Ejgubnits/Boiuods/GEDBoiuod.pef.==3 Ae. ot =-?6, =-?;.==? Oiodysas Eavasaji, Fnenrod Bjtjr Gorranr Wofnty Oebaiastrotaji, ̂ .W.Enportbnit jf Uroispjrtotaji, —Groslns Uomdn 1,‒ ovoadomdn ot lttp8//www.fbgso.ejt.kjv/sofnty/eoto-oie-stotastags/dorkn-trug`-oie-mus-grosl-fogts-=3?=#Uomdns frjb Gloptnr = (dost vasatne Ouk. ?;, =3?>).=== OOBVO, Gjbbnrgaod Eravnr Dagnisn Boiuod/=33> Bjend GjbbnrgaodEravnr‑s Dagnisn Boiuod =-?6, ?; (Hudy =3?3), ovoadomdn ot lttp8//eps.odomobo.kjv/Ejgubnits/Boiuods/GEDBoiuod.pef.==7 Ae. ot =-=7.==5 Ae. ot =-?<.==> Ae. ot =-?<.==6 Ae. ot =-?<.==; Ae . ot =-=?.==< OOBVO, Gjbbnrgaod Eravnr Dagnisn Boiuod/=33> Bjend GjbbnrgaodEravnr‑s Dagnisn Boiuod =-?< (Hudy =3?3), ovoadomdn ot lttp8//eps.odomobo.kjv/Ejgubnits/Boiuods/GEDBoiuod.pef.==1 Wbatl Wystnb Eravnr Abprjvnbnit Aistatutn, Aig., —Wbatl Wystnb

Sumdagotaji ?3?336-33?,‒ ovoadomdn ot lttp8//www.sbatl-systnb.gjb/ejwidjoes/EravnZEaffnrnit.pef.=73 Fattoitj nt od., Urug` Oggaenit Datakotaji 11 (Knisji & @nrnzboi, ne.,=ie ne. =336).=7? Ae. =7= Ae. ot ?33.=77 Ae. ot ?33.=75 Urug`nr tj Urug`nr, Enfnisavn Urug` Eravaik Wofnty Uaps , ovoadomdn ot lttp8//www.trug`nrtjtrug`nr.gjb/mdjk/enfnisavn-eravaik (dost vasatne Ouk. ?;, =3?>)

=7> H.H. @nddnr & Ossjgaotns, Aig., —Ljurs-jf-Wnrvagn FO_s,‒ ovoadomdn ot lttps8//www.hh`nddnr.gjb/sljp/Srjeugt/gjitnitZZZZma-ljursjfsnrvagn-inwrudn-FO_s (dost vasatne Ouk. ?;, =3?>).=76 OOBVO, Gjbbnrgaod Eravnr Dagnisn Boiuod/=33> Bjend GjbbnrgaodEravnr‑s Dagnisn Boiuod =-5? (Hudy =3?3), ovoadomdn ot lttp8//eps.odomobo.kjv/Ejgubnits/Boiuods/GEDBoiuod.pef.=7; Ae. =7< Ae. =71 Ae. ot =-53.=53 Ae. ot =-53.=5? Bjrkoi Oeobs, Urug` Aihury Dowynr Mdjk, Urug` Eravnrs ji Eruks ‗ Bntl , (Ouk. ?1, =3??), ovoadomdn ot lttp8//www.trug`aihurydowynrmdjk.gjb/=3??/3</ortagdns/sofnty/trug`-eravnrs-ji-eruks-bntl/.



=5= Bjrkoi Oeobs, Urug` Aihury Dowynr Mdjk, Ulaiàik jf Eraiàik oie

Eravaik: Goi Qju Soy 1.=> Baddaji: (Hudy 7, =3?=), ovoadomdn ot lttp8//www.trugàihurydowynrmdjk.gjb/=3?=/3;/ortagdns/sofnty/tlaiàik -jf-eraiàik-oie-eravaik-goi-yju-poy-1=>-baddaji/.=57 Bjrkoi Oeobs, Urug` Aihury Dowynr Mdjk, Urug` Eravnr Farne fjr LovaikMnnr ai Las Urug` (Bor. 7, =3?=), ovoadomdn ot lttp8//www.trugàihurydowynrmdjk.gjb/=3?=/37/ortagdns/sofnty/trug`-eravnr-farne-fjr-lovaik-mnnr-ai-las-trug`/.=55 Fnenrod Bjtjr Gorranr Wofnty Oebaiastrotaji, ̂ .W. Enportbnit jf Uroispjrtotaji, O Bjtjr Gorranr‑s Kuaen tj Abprjvaik Laklwoy Wofnty ;1 (Eng.=331).=5> Ae.=56 Ae.=5; Ae. =5< Ae.=51 Ae.=>3 OOBVO, Gjbbnrgaod Eravnr Dagnisn Boiuod/=33> Bjend GjbbnrgaodEravnr‑s Dagnisn Boiuod =-76 (Hudy =3?3), ovoadomdn ot lttp8//eps.odomobo.kjv/Ejgubnits/Boiuods/GEDBoiuod.pef.=>? Ae. ot =-7;.=>=

Ae. ot 7-?.=>7 Ae. ot 7-=.=>5 Ae. ot 7-=.=>> Ae. ot 7-=.=>6 OOBVO, supro ijtn =;< ot 7-7.=>; OOBVO, supro ijtn =;< ot 7-=.=>< OOBVO, supro ijtn =;< ot 7-7.=>1 OOBVO, supro ijtn =;< ot 7-7.=63 OOBVO, supro ijtn =;< ot 7-7.=6? OOBVO, supro ijtn =;< ot 1-=.

=6= OOBVO, supro ijtn =;< ot =-5=, =-57.=67 OOBVO, supro ijtn =;< ot =-57.=65 OOBVO, supro ijtn =;< ot 1-<.=6> OOBVO, supro ijtn =;< ot =-5=.=66 OOBVO, supro ijtn =;< ot =-57.=6; H.H. @nddnr & Ossjgaotns, Aig., —Aispngtaji & Boaitnioign FO_s,‒ovoadomdn ot lttp8//www.hh`nddnr.gjb/sljp/Gotnkjry/gjitnitZZZZma-aispngtajis-boaitnioign-foqsZZZ (dost vasatne Ouk. ?;, =3?>).=6< OOBVO, supro ijtn =;< ot 1-?3.=61 OOBVO, supro ijtn =;< ot 1-?5.=;3 OOBVO, supro ijtn =;< ot 1-?>.=;? OOBVO, supro ijtn =;< ot 5-? tlru 5-5.=;= OOBVO, supro ijtn =;< ot 5-? tlru 5-5.=;7 OOBVO, supro ijtn =;< ot 5-? tlru 5-5.=;5 OOBVO, supro ijtn =;< ot 5-? tlru 5-5.



=;> OOBVO, supro ijtn =;< ot 5-? tlru 5-5.=;6

OOBVO, supro ijtn =;< ot 5-? tlru 5-5.=;; OOBVO, supro ijtn =;< ot 5-? tlru 5-5.=;< OOBVO, supro ijtn =;< ot 5-? tlru 5-5.=;1 OOBVO, supro ijtn =;< ot ?3-?.=<3 Mnosdny Oddni Dow Farb, [WFO ?= inws aitnrvanws Hnrn Mnosdny omjut ?<- wlnndnr wrjikfud enotl dowsuat (Huin =, =3?>) ovoadomdn ot lttp8//www.mnosdnyoddni.gjb/budtabneao/wsfo-?=-inws-aitnrvanws-hnrn-mnosdny-omjut-?<-wlnndnr-wrjikfud-enotl-dowsuat/.=<? Ae.=<= Ae.=<7 Mnosdny Oddni Dow Farb, Mnosdny Oddni fadns dowsuat fjr BSE jffagnr Gjddnyàddne ai ?<-wlnndnr grosl (Boy =1, =3?>) ovoadomdn ot lttp8//www.mnosdnyoddni.gjb/inws/mnosdny-oddni-fadns-dowsuat-fjr-bpe-jffagnr-gjddny-àddne-ai-?<-wlnndnr-grosl/=<5 Fattoitj nt od., Urug` Oggaenit Datakotaji ??1 (Knisji & @nrnzboi, ne.,=ie ne. =336).=<> Ae.=<6 Borgl ?11> Fnenrod Laklwoy Oebaiastrotaji, Iotajiod Urug` oie MusWofnty Wubbat (^.W. EJU, ?11>).=<;

IUWM Gloarwjboi Enmjrol Lnrsboi, Obnragoi Urugàik Ossjgaotaji inwspopnr aitnrvanw, Uroispjrt Ujpags (Hudy ?=, =3?3).=<< Fattoitj nt od., Urug` Oggaenit Datakotaji ?=3 (Knisji & @nrnzboi, ne.,=ie ne. =336).=<1 Ae.=13 Ae.=1? Ae. =1= 51 G.F.]. 71=.7.=17 Ae .=15 51 G.F.]. 71>.

=1> Fnenrod Bjtjr Gorranr Wofnty Oebaiastrotaji, ̂ .W. Enportbnit jf Uroispjrtotaji, —Ljurs jf Wnrvagn8 [lj Bust Gjbpdy:‒ ovoadomdn ot lttp8//www.fbgso.ejt.kjv/rnkudotajis/ljurs-jf-snrvagn (dost vasatne Ouk.?<, =3?>).=16 Ae. =1; H.H. @nddnr & Ossjgaotns, Aig., —Ljurs-jf-Wnrvagn FO_s‒ ovoadomdn ot lttps8//www.hh`nddnr.gjb/sljp/Srjeugt/gjitnitZZZZma-ljursjfsnrvagn-inwrudn-FO_s.=1< Ae.=11 Ae. 733 Ae.73? Ae.73= Ae.



737 H.H. @nddnr & Ossjgaotns, Aig., —Ljurs jf Wnrvagn FO_s‒ ovoadomdn ot

lttps8//www.hh`nddnr.gjb/sljp/Srjeugt/gjitnitZZZZma-ljursjfsnrvagn-inwrudn-FO_s.735 Ae.73> Ae.736 Ae.73; Ae.73< 51 GF] 71>.<.731 Fattoitj nt od., Urug` Oggaenit Datakotaji ?7>-76 (Knisji & @nrnzboi,ne., =ie ne. =336).7?3 Ae.7?? Ae.7?= 51 GF] §71>.<.7?7Fnenrod Bjtjr Gorranr Wofnty Oebaiastrotaji, ^.W. Enportbnit jf Uroispjrtotaji, Aitnrstotn Urug` Eravnr‑s Kuaen tj Ljurs jf Wnrvagn , ovoadomdn ot lttp8//www.fbgso.ejt.kjv/satns/fbgso.ejt.kjv/fadns/ejgs/Eravnrs%=3Kuaen%=3tj%=3LJW%=3=3?>Z>3<.pef.7?5Ae.7?> Fattoitj nt od., Urug` Oggaenit Datakotaji 75> (Knisji & @nrnzboi, ne.,=ie ne. =336).7?6

Urug` Oggaenit Ottjrinys ]juietomdn, Mustne! Uaps tj lndp trug` oggaenitottjrinys spjt fo`n eravnr djkmjj`s 0 ovoadomdn otlttp8//www.trug`oggaenitottjrinysrjuietomdn.gjb/mdjk/mustne-taps-tj-lndp-trug`-oggaenit-ottjrinys-spjt-fo`n-eravnr-djk-mjj`s (dost vasatne Ouk.?;, =3?>).7?; Fattoitj nt od., Urug` Oggaenit Datakotaji 75> (Knisji & @nrnzboi, ne.,=ie ne. =336).7?< Ae.7?1 Fattoitj nt od., supro ijtn 75> ot 75>-56.7=3 Frane nt od., ^ienrstoieaik Bjtjr Gorranr Gdoabs ==-=7 (7re ne. =3?3).

7=? Ae. 7== Ae. 7=7 Ae.7=5 Fattoitj nt od., Urug` Oggaenit Datakotaji ?=; (Knisji & @nrnzboi, ne.,=ie ne. =336).7=> Ae.7=6 Ae.7=; Ae.7=< Ae.7=1 Fattoitj nt od., supro ijtn 7>= ot ?=6.773 Fattoitj nt od., supro ijtn 7>= ot ?=<.77? G. Omrobs, U. Wludtz, oie G.E. [ydan, Gjbbnrgaod Bjtjr VnlagdnEravnr Fotakun Odnrtinss, oie Gjuitnrbnosurns Wurvny. Woito Mormoro,Godafjriao8 Engasaji ]nsnorgl, ?11;.



77= H.U. Orniet, K.H.W. [aden, S.[. Buit oie O.[. BogDnoi. —Ljw ej

prjdjikne wo`nfudinss oie odgjljd gjbporn ai tln engrnbnits tlnyprjeugn ji o sabudotne eravaik tos`:‒ Oggaenit Oiodysas oie Srnvnitaji=33?0 77877;-755.777 O.B. [addaobs oie O.B. Fnynr, —Bjenrotn sdnnp enpravotaji prjeugnsabpoarbnits jf gjkiatavn oie bjtjr pnrfjrboign nquavodnit tj dnkoddyprjsgramne dnvnds jf odgjljd aitjxagotaji.‒ Jggupotaji oie NivarjibnitodBneagain. >;8651-=>> (=333).775 G.E. [ydan, U. Wludtz, H.G. Baddnr, B.B. Batdnr, oie ].]. Bog`an.—Gjbbnrgaod Bjtjr Vnlagdn Eravnr Fotakun oie Odnrtinss Wtuey8 Srjhngt]npjrt.‒ Fnenrod Laklwoy Oebaiastrotaji Jffagn jf Bjtjr Gorranr Wofnty

]npjrt, Ij. FL[O O-BG-1;―33=. Woito Mormoro, GO8 NssnxGjrpjrotaji, ?11;.77> W.K. @dounr, U.O. Eaikus, V.D. Inodn, H.E. Wuewnn`s oie E.H. ]obsny.—Uln Abpogt jf Eravnr Aiottnitaji ji Inor-Grosl/Grosl ]as`8 Oi Oiodysas ^saik tln ?33-Gor Ioturodastag Eravaik Wtuey Eoto.‒ EJU LW<?3 >15. [oslaiktji, E.G.8 Iotajiod Laklwoy Uroffag Wofnty Oebaiastrotaji, =336.776 Ne Sorasl, Hr., os oebaiastrotjr oe datnb jf Uabjtly Ienkwo v. Mud`botagUroispjrt Gjbpoiy, Aig ., nt od. 7831-gv-33;6=-[@[ (^.W. East. Gt. BE

East. Odo.).77; Ae .77< Ae .771 IUWM Srnss ]ndnosn (Wnptnbmnr =<, =3?3, itsm.kjv)753 Ae.75? Ae .75= Ae .757 [ydan, nt od., (?11;)755 Dyii S. Wlog`dnfjre, Kj^pstotn.gjb, Mdog`smurk boi, 77, `addne aiWotureoy‑s A-<> grosl ai Oienrsji , (Hudy 7?, =3??) ovoadomdn ot

lttp8//www.kjupstotn.gjb/ortagdn/=3??3;7?/O]UAGDNW/??3;711;3/?3>?/inws3?:Uatdn2Mdog`smurk-boi-77-̀ addne-ai-Wotureoy-s-A-<>-grosl-ai- Oienrsji.75> Ae .756 Ae .75; Baglond Hoy Dnaznrboi, Datakotaik Urug` Oggaenit Gosns 7?3, vjd. ?(Uljbsji ]nutnrs =3?7).75< Ae.751 Dnaznrboi, supro ijtn 7<3 ot =1=, vjd. ?.7>3 Fattoitj nt od., Urug` Oggaenit Datakotaji ?== (Knisji & @nrnzboi, ne.,=ie ne. =336).7>? Ae. ot ?=5.7>= Ae. ot ?=5.7>7 Fattoitj nt od., supro ijtn 7<5 ot ?=7.



7>5 Fnenrod Bjtjr Gorranr Wofnty Oebaiastrotaji, ̂ .W. Enportbnit jf

Uroispjrtotaji, —GBV Eravaik Uaps ‗ Eravnr Fotakun,‒ ovoadomdn ot lttp8//www.fbgso.ejt.kjv/sofnty/eravnr-sofnty/gbv-eravaik-taps-eravnr-fotakun.7>> Ae.7>6 Ae.7>; Ae.7>< Ae.7>1 Ae. 763 Fnenrod Bjtjr Gorranr Wofnty Oebaiastrotaji, ̂ .W. Enportbnit jf Uroispjrtotaji, —GBV Eravaik Uaps ‗ Eravnr Fotakun,‒ ovoadomdn ot

lttp8//www.fbgso.ejt.kjv/sofnty/eravnr-sofnty/gbv-eravaik-taps-eravnr-fotakun.76? Ae. 76= Ae.767 Ae. 765 Ae. 76> Ae. 766 Fnenrod Bjtjr Gorranr Wofnty Oebaiastrotaji, ̂ .W. Enportbnit jf Uroispjrtotaji, —GBV Eravaik Uaps ‗ Eravnr Fotakun,‒ ovoadomdn ot

lttp8//www.fbgso.ejt.kjv/sofnty/eravnr-sofnty/gbv-eravaik-taps-eravnr-fotakun.76; Ae. 76< Fattoitj nt od., Urug` Oggaenit Datakotaji 77? (Knisji & @nrnzboi, ne.,=ie ne. =336).761 Ae. ot 77=.7;3 Ae. ot 777.7;? Ae. ot 775.7;= Ae. ot 77>.7;7 Fattoitj nt od., Urug` Oggaenit Datakotaji ?=5-=> (Knisji & @nrnzboi,

ne., =e ne. =336).7;5 Ae.7;> Ae.7;6 Ae.7;; Fattoitj nt od., Urug` Oggaenit Datakotaji ?=6 (Knisji & @nrnzboi, ne.,=e ne. =336).7;< Ae. 7;1 Mnosdny Oddni Dow Farb, Bjmadn Gjuity hury rnturis $?<.;1 baddaji vnreagttjboi porodyzne my inkdaknit rnpoar (Borgl =7, =3?>) ovoadomdn otlttp8//www.mnosdnyoddni.gjb/inws/bjmadn-gjuity-hury-rnturis-?<-;1-baddaji-vnreagt-tj-boi-porodyzne-my-inkdaknit-rnpoar/.7<3 Obmnr Wuttji, OD.gjb, Fobady jf Bjitkjbnry pjdagn jffagnr `addne ai grosl fadns dowsuat okoaist trug`aik gjbpoiy, eravnr (Boy =1, =3?>) ovoadomdn ot lttp8//www.od.gjb/inws/bjitkjbnry/aienx.ssf/=3?>/3>/fobadyZjfZbjitkjbnryZpjdagnZjf.ltbd.



7<? Mnosdny Oddni Dow Farb, Bjmadn Gjuity hury rnturis $?<.;1 baddaji vnreagt

tjboi porodyzne my inkdaknit rnpoar (Borgl =7, =3?>) ovoadomdn otlttp8//www.mnosdnyoddni.gjb/inws/bjmadn-gjuity-hury-rnturis-?<-;1-baddaji-vnreagt-tj-boi-porodyzne-my-inkdaknit-rnpoar/.7<= Ae.7<7 Ae.7<5 Ae.7<> Fattoitj nt od., Urug` Oggaenit Datakotaji =?; (Knisji & @nrnzboi, ne.,=ie ne. =336).7<6 Ae.7<; Ae.7<< Ae.7<1 Fattoitj nt od., Urug` Oggaenit Datakotaji =?7 (Knisji & @nrnzboi, ne.,=ie ne. =336).713 Ae.71? Ae.71= Ae.717 Ae.715 Fattoitj nt od., Urug` Oggaenit Datakotaji =?5 (Knisji & @nrnzboi, ne.,=ie ne. =336).71>

51 GF] § 716.7.716 Ae. 71; Ae.71< Ae. 711 Ae.533 Wnn Ae. §716.>.53? Wnn Ae. § 716.;.53= Wnn Ae. § 716.;.537 Wnn Ae. § 716.1.535 Wnn Ae. § 716.1.

53> Wnn Ae. § 716.1.536 Wnn Ae. § 716.?;.53; Wnn Ae. § 716.?;.53< Wnn Ae. § 716.?;.531 Wnn Ae. § 716.?;.5?3 Wnn Ae . § 716.?;.5?? Wnn Ae . § 716.=7.5?= Wnn Ae. § 716.?1.5?7 Wnn Ae. § 716.=?.5?5 Wnn Ae . § 716.=?.5?> Wnn Ae. § 716.=>.5?6 Wnn Ae. § 716.=>.5?; Wnn Ae. § 716.=>.5?< Wnn Ae. § 716.=>.



5?1 Fattoitj nt od., Urug` Oggaenit Datakotaji =?5 (Knisji & @nrnzboi, ne.,

=ie ne. =336).5=3 Ae.5=? Ae.5== H.H. @nddnr & Ossjgaotns, Aig., —Aispngtaji & Boaitnioign FO_s‒ovoadomdn ot lttp8//www.hh`nddnr.gjb/sljp/Gotnkjry/gjitnitZZZZma-aispngtajis-boaitnioign-foqsZZZ.5=7 Ae.5=5 Ae. 5=> Odomobo Enportbnit jf Sumdag Wofnty, Gjbbnrgaod Eravnr DagnisnBoiuod, ovoadomdn ot

lttp8//eps.odomobo.kjv/Ejgubnits/Boiuods/GEDBoiuod.pef.5=6 Ae.5=; Ae.5=< Ae.5=1 51 G.F.]. § 716.??.573 H.H. @nddnr & Ossjgaotns, Aig., —Aispngtaji & Boaitnioign FO_s‒ovoadomdn ot lttp8//www.hh`nddnr.gjb/sljp/Gotnkjry/gjitnitZZZZma-aispngtajis-boaitnioign-foqsZZZ..57? Ae.57=

Ae. 577 Ae. 575 Fnenrod Bjtjr Gorranr Wofnty Oebaiastrotaji, —FBGWO JrenrsWlutejwi jf Wjutl Gorjdaio Urugàik Gjbpoiy,‒ ovoadomdn ot lttp8//www.fbgso.ejt.kjv/inwsrjjb/fbgso-jrenrs-slutejwi-sjutl-gorjdaio-trugàik-gjbpoiy.57> @urt Iadoie, ]akltaikAihustagn, Urug` ai ?3-Gor Sniisydvoiao Grosl LosSjjr Wofnty ]ngjre (Ouk. ?<, =3??) ovoadomdn ot lttp8//www.rakltaikaihustagn.gjb/inws/=3??/3</?</trug`-ai-?3-gor-pniisydvoiao-grosl-los-pjjr-sofnty-rngjre/.

576 Wjutlnri Aihury Dowynr, —?<-wlnndnr oggaenits,‒ ovoadomdn ot lttp8//www.sjutlnriaihurydowynr.gjb/pnrsjiod-aihury/?<-wlnndnr-oggaenits/ (dost vasatne Ouk. ?<, =3?>).57; Ae.57< Ae.571 Ae.553 Fattoitj nt od., Urug` Oggaenit Datakotaji =?3 (Knisji & @nrnzboi, ne.,=ie ne. =336).55? Ae. 55= Ae.557 Unbp Unbpdn, ]akltaikAihustagn, Uarn Mdjwjut ji Djk Urug` ai Oròisos]nsudts ai tln Enotl jf Uwj Gjistrugtaji [jr`nrs0 ?1 Aihurne (Huin 1, =3?5)0ovoadomdn ot lttp8//www.rakltaikaihustagn.gjb/inws/=3?5/36/31/tarn-mdjwjut-ji-djk-trug`-ai-oròisos-rnsudts-ai-tln-enotl-jf-twj-gjistrugtaji-wjr`nrs-?1-aihurne/.



555 Ae.55>

Ae.556 Ae.55; lttp8//www.rntrnoeaikmusainss.gjb/ortagdn/tyrn-foadurns-oie-gousns/ 55< Mnosdny Oddni Dow Farb, Uarn okaik goi pjsn o snrajus lozore tj yjur sofnty jitln rjoe. Ej yju `ijw ljw tj tndd ljw jde yjur tarns orn: (Boy ?=, =3?>) ovoadomdnot lttp8//www.mnosdnyoddni.gjb/inws/mnosdny-oddni-prottvaddn-pe-ljstaik-frnn-tarn-sofnty-nvnit-boy-?6/.551 Ae.5>3 Ae.5>? Mnosdny Oddni Dow Farb, Mnosdny Oddni‑s ]ag` Bjrrasji easgussns tarn sofnty

(Oprad 1, =3?>), ovoadomdn ot lttp8//www.mnosdnyoddni.gjb/budtabneao/mnosdny-oddnis-rag`-bjrrasji-easgussns-tarn-sofnty-=/.5>= Nbady Borsl, ]akltaikAihustagn, Bni Gjbpnisotne fjr Aihurans ai ?<-[lnndnr Oggaenit (Jgt. ?7, =33<) ovoadomdn ot lttp8//www.rakltaikaihustagn.gjb/inws/=33</?3/?7/bni-rngnavn-gjbpnisotaji-fjr-aihurans-ai-oggaenit/.5>7 Ae.5>5 @urt Iadoie, ]akltaikAihustagn, Favn Gousns jf Gjbbnrgaod Urug` Groslns

oie Ljw Ulny Goi Mn Srnvnitne (Hoi. ?3, =3??) ovoadomdn ot lttp8//www.rakltaikaihustagn.gjb/inws/=3??/3?/?3/favn-gousns-jf-gjbbnrgaod-trug`-groslns-oie-ljw-tlny-goi-mn-prnvnitne/.5>> Fattoitj nt od., Urug` Oggaenit Datakotaji =? (Knisji & @nrnzboi, ne.,=ie ne. =336).5>6 Fattoitj nt od., Urug` Oggaenit Datakotaji =6?-6= (Knisji & @nrnzboi,ne., =ie ne. =336).5>; Ae.5>< Ae.5>1 Wnn Ae. ot =6?.563 51 GF] §713.??56? Fattoitj nt od., Urug` Oggaenit Datakotaji ==5 (Knisji & @nrnzboi, ne.,=ie ne. =336).56= Ae.567 Ae.565 Wnn Ae. ot =7=.56> Wnn Ae. ot =7=.566 Wnn Ae. ot =7=.56; Wnn Ae. ot =7=.56<

Wnn Ae.

ot =77.561 Baglond Hoy Dnaznrboi, Datakotaik Urug` Oggaenit Gosns 166, vjd. ?

(Uljbsji ]nutnrs =3?7).5;3 Fattoitj nt od., Urug` Oggaenit Datakotaji =6? (Knisji & @nrnzboi, ne.,=ie ne. =336).



5;? Glras Kdjvnr, Lnovy Urug` [rng`s , ovoadomdn ot

lttp8//www.mnosdnyoddni.gjb/wnmfadns/mjj`s/=3?>3<-gdk-lnovytrug`wrng`s.pef5;= Ae.5;7 Fattoitj nt od., Urug` Oggaenit Datakotaji 53; (Knisji & @nrnzboi, ne.,=ie ne. =336).5;5 Fattoitj nt od., Urug` Oggaenit Datakotaji 53;-3< (Knisji & @nrnzboi,ne., =ie ne. =336).5;> Fattoitj nt od., Urug` Oggaenit Datakotaji 53< (Knisji & @nrnzboi, ne.,=ie ne. =336).5;6 Ae.5;; Ae.5;< Ae.5;1 Ae.5<3 Fattoitj nt od., Urug` Oggaenit Datakotaji 531 (Knisji & @nrnzboi, ne.,=ie ne. =336).5<? Ae.5<= Ae.5<7 Ae.5<5 Fattoitj nt od., Urug` Oggaenit Datakotaji 531-?3 (Knisji & @nrnzboi,

ne., =ie ne. =336).5<> Fattoitj nt od., Urug` Oggaenit Datakotaji 5?3-?? (Knisji & @nrnzboi,ne., =ie ne. =336).5<6 Fattoitj nt od., Urug` Oggaenit Datakotaji 5?? (Knisji & @nrnzboi, ne.,=ie ne. =336).5<; Fattoitj nt od., Urug` Oggaenit Datakotaji 5?? (Knisji & @nrnzboi, ne.,=ie ne. =336).5<< Ae.5<1 Ae. 513 Ae.

51? Ae. ot 5??-?=.51= Ae. ot 5?=.517 Fattoitj nt od., Urug` Oggaenit Datakotaji 5?= (Knisji & @nrnzboi, ne.,=ie ne. =336).515 Ae .ot 5?=-?7.51> Ae. ot 5?7.516 Ae. ot 5?7.51; Ae. ot 5?7.51< Ae. ot 5?7.511 Fattoitj nt od., Urug` Oggaenit Datakotaji 5?7-?5 (Knisji & @nrnzboi,ne., =ie ne. =336).>33 Ae. ot 5?5.>3? Ae. ot 5?>.>3= Ae. ot 5?6.>37 Ae. ot 5?6.



>35 Ae. ot 5?6.>3>

Fattoitj nt od., Urug` Oggaenit Datakotaji 5?; (Knisji & @nrnzboi, ne.,=ie ne. =336).>36 Uln Mnosdny Oddni ]npjrt, Mnosdny Oddni slornljdenr Krnk Oddni easgussnslnovy trug` oggaenits oie wlot goi gousn tlnb (Huin 1, =3?>) ovoadomdn ot lttp8//www.mnosdnyoddni.gjb/budtabneao/mnosdny-oddni-slornljdenr-krnk-oddni-easgussns-lnovy-trug`-oggaenits-oie-wlot-goi-gousn-tlnb/.>3; Ae.>3< Glras Kdjvnr Dow, —Ljw tj Wpjt oie Envndjp o Wuggnssfud SrjeugtDaomadaty Gosn‒ ovoadomdn ot lttp8//www.glraskdjvnr-dow.gjb/bneao/=3?7/31/ljw-tj-spjt-o-prjeugt-daomadaty-gosn-glras-

kdjvnr.pef.>31 Mnosdny Oddni Dow Farb, —[no` ]jjfs oie ]jjf Grusl,‒ ovoadomdn ot lttps8//www.mnosdnyoddni.gjb/progtagn/pnrsjiod-aihury-oie-prjeugt-daomadaty/enfngtavn-outjbjtavn-prjeugts/wno`-rjjfs-oie-rjjf-grusl/ (dost vasatne Ouk. ?<, =3?>).>?3 @urt Iadoie, ]akltaikAihustagn, Wpnne Dabats Ujj Fost fjr Urug` Uarn Nieuroign (Boy ?, =3?>) ovoadomdn ot lttp8//www.rakltaikaihustagn.gjb/inws/=3?>/3>/3?/spnne-dabats-tjj-fost-fjr-trug`-tarn-nieuroign/.>??

Uln Mnosdny Oddni ]npjrt, Mnosdny Oddni slornljdenr Krnk Oddni easgussnslnovy trug` oggaenits oie wlot goi gousn tlnb (Huin 1, =3?>) ovoadomdn ot lttp8//www.mnosdnyoddni.gjb/budtabneao/mnosdny-oddni-slornljdenr-krnk-oddni-easgussns-lnovy-trug`-oggaenits-oie-wlot-goi-gousn-tlnb/.>?= Ae. >?7 Ae.>?5 Ae.>?> Ae.>?6 Mnosdny Oddni QjuUumn, [WFO-UV Inws, —?<-wlnndnr oggaenit vagtabWusoiin Nseodn slorns lnr stjry watl [WFO‒ (Boy =5, =3?=) ovoadomdn ot

lttps8//www.yjutumn.gjb/wotgl:v2WIXUyFm]yok.>?; Ae. >?< Ae. >?1 Mnosdny Oddni Dow Farb, Enoedy frnaklt trug` grosl nxpjsns snrajus vajdotajis jf fnenrod sofnty dows, ras` tj pumdag sofnty (Jgt. ==, =3?7) ovoadomdn ot lttp8//www.mnosdnyoddni.gjb/inws/enoedy-frnaklt-trug -̀grosl-nxpjsns-snrajus-vajdotajis-jf-fnenrod-sofnty-dows-ras`-tj-pumdag-sofnty/.>=3 Ae.>=? [MUO ]oeaj, [MUO Wuieoy Inws (Boy 7?, =3?>) ovoadomdn ot lttp8//www.wmto?513.gjb/DjgodInws/tomae/??>/ortagdnUypn/OrtagdnVanw/ortagdnAe/6=5?/[MUO-Wuieoy-Inws-Wuieoy-Boy-7?-=3?>.ospx.>== 51 GF] § 7<=.>3;.>=7 Fnenrod Bjtjr Gorranr Wofnty Oebaiastrotaji, ̂ .W. Enportbnit jf Uroispjrtotaji, —Jvnrvanw jf Eruk oie Odgjljd ]udns8 [lot GEDEravnrs Inne tj @ijw,‒ ovoadomdn ot



lttp8//www.fbgso.ejt.kjv/rnkudotajis/eruk-odgjljd-tnstaik/jvnrvanw-

eruk-oie-odgjljd-rudns#stlosl.fowN]6wV.epuf.>=5 Ae.>=> 51 GF] § 7<=.=3?.>=6 51 GF] § 7<=.=?7.>=; 51 GF] § 7<=.=?7.>=< 51 GF] § 7<=.=3;.>=1 51 GF] § 71=.>.>73 51 GF] § 7<=.=31.>7? 51 GF] § 7<=.>3>.>7= 51 GF] § 7<=.>3>.>77 Odomobo Enportbnit jf Sumdag Wofnty, Gjbbnrgaod Eravnr DagnisnBoiuod, ovoadomdn ot lttp8//eps.odomobo.kjv/Ejgubnits/Boiuods/GEDBoiuod.pef.>75 Ae.>7> Bjrkoi Oeobs, Urug` Aihury Dowynr Mdjk, Urug` Eravnrs ji Eruks ‗ Bntl (Ouk. ?1, =3??) ovoadomdn ot lttp8//www.trugàihurydowynrmdjk.gjb/=3??/3</ortagdns/sofnty/trug`-eravnrs-ji-eruks-bntl/.>76 Bjrkoi Oeobs, Urug` Aihury Dowynr Mdjk, Ulaiàik jf Eraiàik oie

Eravaik: Goi Qju Soy 1.=> Baddaji: (Hudy 7, =3?=), ovoadomdn ot lttp8//www.trugàihurydowynrmdjk.gjb/=3?=/3;/ortagdns/sofnty/tlaiàik -jf-eraiàik-oie-eravaik-goi-yju-poy-1=>-baddaji/.>7; Bjrkoi Oeobs, Urug` Aihury Dowynr Mdjk, Urug` Eravnr Farne fjr LovaikMnnr ai Las Urug` (Bor. 7, =3?=), ovoadomdn ot lttp8//www.trugàihurydowynrmdjk.gjb/=3?=/37/ortagdns/sofnty/trug`-eravnr-farne-fjr-lovaik-mnnr-ai-las-trug`/.>7<Fnenrod Bjtjr Gorranr Wofnty Oebaiastrotaji, ^.W. Enportbnit jf Uroispjrtotaji, O Bjtjr Gorranr‑s Kuaen tj Abprjvaik Laklwoy Wofnty ;1 (Eng.=331).

>71 Ae.>53 Ae.>5? Ae.>5= [nstnri Nxprnss Aig. Eravnrs Loiemjj`, ovoadomdn otlttp8//www.mnosdnyoddni.gjb/wnmfadns/mjj`s/=3?>3<-gdk- wnstnrinxprnssloiemjj`.pef>57 51 GF] § 7<=.63?.>55 Fattoitj nt od., Urug` Oggaenit Datakotaji ==5 (Knisji & @nrnzboi, ne.,=ie ne. =336).>5> Ae.>56 51 GF] § 7<=.63?.>5; Ae.>5< 51 GF] § 7<=.637.>51 Ae.



>>3 ^.W. Enportbnit jf Uroispjrtotaji, Jffagn jf tln Wngrntory jf

Uroispjrtotaji, Jffagn jf Eruk & Odgjljd Sjdagy & Gjbpdaoign, [lotNbpdjynns Inne Uj @ijw Omjut EJU Eruk & Odgjljd Unstaik,ovoadomdn ot lttp8//www.troispjrtotaji.kjv/satns/ejt.env/fadns/ejgs/JEOSG%=3NbpdjynnLoiemjj`%=3Ni.pef.>>? H.H. @nddnr & Ossjgaotns, Aig., —[lot goi o eravnr nxpngt wlni kjaik aifjr o eruk tnst:‒ ovoadomdn ot lttp8//www.hh`nddnr.gjb/wgsstjrn/GVGotodjkOssntWtjrn/abokns/prjbjtajis/eruk-odgjljd/wlot-o-eravnr-goi-nxpngt.pef.>>= Fattoitj nt od., Urug` Oggaenit Datakotaji ==< (Knisji & @nrnzboi, ne.,

=ie ne. =336).>>7 Ae. >>5 Ae. ot ==1.>>> Ae. ot =77.>>6 51 GF] § 7<=.=??.>>; Ae.>>< ^.W. Enportbnit jf Uroispjrtotaji, Jffagn jf tln Wngrntory jf Uroispjrtotaji, Jffagn jf Eruk & Odgjljd Sjdagy & Gjbpdaoign, [lotNbpdjynns Inne Uj @ijw Omjut EJU Eruk & Odgjljd Unstaik,

ovoadomdn ot lttp8//www.troispjrtotaji.kjv/satns/ejt.env/fadns/ejgs/JEOSG%=3NbpdjynnLoiemjj`%=3Ni.pef.>>1 Fnenrod Bjtjr Gorranr Wofnty Oebaiastrotaji, ̂ .W. Enportbnit jf Uroispjrtotaji, —Fnenrod Eruk & Odgjljd Unstaik ]nkudotajis‒ mrjglurn0ovoadomdn ot lttp8//www.fbgso.ejt.kjv/satns/fbgso.ejt.kjv/fadns/ejgs/Eruk-oie- Odgjljd-Mrjglurn-fjr-Eravnrs.pef.>63 51 GF] § 7<=.73?.>6? Ae.

>6= Ae.>67 Fnenrod Bjtjr Gorranr Wofnty Oebaiastrotaji, ̂ .W. Enportbnit jf Uroispjrtotaji, —Fnenrod Eruk & Odgjljd Unstaik ]nkudotajis‒ mrjglurn0ovoadomdn ot lttp8//www.fbgso.ejt.kjv/satns/fbgso.ejt.kjv/fadns/ejgs/Eruk-oie- Odgjljd-Mrjglurn-fjr-Eravnrs.pef.>65 Fattoitj nt od., Urug` Oggaenit Datakotaji =77 (Knisji & @nrnzboi, ne.,=ie ne. =336).>6> H.H. @nddnr & Ossjgaotns, Aig., Sjst-oggaenit Unstaik glort, ovoadomdn ot lttp8//www.hh`nddnr.gjb/wgsstjrn/GVGotodjkOssntWtjrn/abokns/prjbjtajis/eruk-odgjljd/[email protected].>66 51 GF] § 7<=.73>.>6; Ae.>6< Ae.



>61 Fnenrod Bjtjr Gorranr Wofnty Oebaiastrotaji, ̂ .W. Enportbnit jf

Uroispjrtotaji, —Fnenrod Eruk & Odgjljd Unstaik ]nkudotajis‒ mrjglurn0ovoadomdn ot lttp8//www.fbgso.ejt.kjv/satns/fbgso.ejt.kjv/fadns/ejgs/Eruk-oie- Odgjljd-Mrjglurn-fjr-Eravnrs.pef.>;3 H.H. @nddnr & Ossjgaotns, Aig., —]oiejb Unstaik ]nquarnbnits‒ ovoadomdnot lttp8//www.hh`nddnr.gjb/wgsstjrn/GVGotodjkOssntWtjrn/abokns/prjbjtajis/eruk-odgjljd/roiejb-tnstaik-rnquarnbnits.pef.>;? Fattoitj nt od., Urug` Oggaenit Datakotaji =77 (Knisji & @nrnzboi, ne.,=ie ne. =336).>;= Ae.>;7 Fnenrod Bjtjr Gorranr Wofnty Oebaiastrotaji, ̂ .W. Enportbnit jf Uroispjrtotaji, —Fnenrod Eruk & Odgjljd Unstaik ]nkudotajis‒ mrjglurn0ovoadomdn ot lttp8//www.fbgso.ejt.kjv/satns/fbgso.ejt.kjv/fadns/ejgs/Eruk-oie- Odgjljd-Mrjglurn-fjr-Eravnrs.pef.>;5 Srj-Urnoe Jidain oie Ai-Gom Eravnr Uroaiaik, vao QjuUumn, —Odgjljdoie Eruks8 ]nosjiomdn Wuspagaji fjr Fdnnt Boioknrs‒ ovoadomdn ot lttps8//www.yjutumn.gjb/wotgl:v2IzaW?Lmtaj<.>;>

Ae.>;6 Ae.>;; H.H. @nddnr & Ossjgaotns, Aig., —[lot loppnis wlni o eravnr tnstspjsatavn:‒ ovoadomdn ot lttp8//www.hh`nddnr.gjb/wgsstjrn/GVGotodjkOssntWtjrn/abokns/prjbjtajis/eruk-odgjljd/wlot-loppnis-wlni-o-eravnr-tnst-pjsatavn.pef.>;< Fnenrod Bjtjr Gorranr Wofnty Oebaiastrotaji, ̂ .W. Enportbnit jf Uroispjrtotaji, —Fnenrod Eruk & Odgjljd Unstaik ]nkudotajis‒ mrjglurn0ovoadomdn ot lttp8//www.fbgso.ejt.kjv/satns/fbgso.ejt.kjv/fadns/ejgs/Eruk-oie-

Odgjljd-Mrjglurn-fjr-Eravnrs.pef.>;1 Ae.><3 Ae.><? ^.W. Enportbnit jf Uroispjrtotaji, Jffagn jf tln Wngrntory jf Uroispjrtotaji, Jffagn jf Eruk & Odgjljd Sjdagy & Gjbpdaoign, [lotNbpdjynns Inne Uj @ijw Omjut EJU Eruk & Odgjljd Unstaik,ovoadomdn ot lttp8//www.troispjrtotaji.kjv/satns/ejt.env/fadns/ejgs/JEOSG%=3NbpdjynnLoiemjj`%=3Ni.pef.><= Ae.><7 lttp8//www.ttinws.gjb/ortagdns/mosntnbpdotn.ospx:stjryae27<6?<&t2Loar-Unsts-fjr-Eruk-^sn-Sjasne-fjr-Niejrsnbnit.><5 Uroispjrt Ujpags, Loar Unsts fjr Eruk ^sn Sjasne fjr Niejrsnbnit (Huin ==,=3?>) ovoadomdn ot



lttp8//www.ttinws.gjb/ortagdns/mosntnbpdotn.ospx:stjryae27<6?<&t2L

oar-Unsts-fjr-Eruk-^sn-Sjasne-fjr-Niejrsnbnit.><> Mrakks Outj Jffagaod Mdjk, ILUWO Envndjps Vnlagdn Unglijdjky tj SrnvnitErui` Eravaik (Huin <, =3?>) ovoadomdn ot lttp8//www.mrakksoutj.gjb/mdjk/iltso-eravnr-odgjljd-entngtaji-systnb-prjtjtypn/.><6 Ae .><; Ae.><< Ae.><1 Ae.



Ogìjwdnekbnits

A gjudei‑t lovn wrattni tlas mjj` watljut tln lndp jf by dow farb oie dowportinrs lnrn ot Mnosdny Oddni. Uln wnodtl jf ìjwdnekn, nxpnranign, oietodnit ot tlas dow farb as obozaik. [jràik watl dowynrs da`n Hnrn Mnosdny,Krnk Oddni, oie Gjdn Sjrtas as lubmdaik. A‑b tloi`fud fjr odd tlot A lovndnorine progtagaik dow ot tlas farb oie tln lndp tlny‑vn prjvaene ai puttaiktlas mjj` tjkntlnr. A‑vn dnorine o djt omjut gjbbnrgaod trug` datakotaji aitln trniglns frjb tln sgljjd jf lore ìjg`s. O djt wos hust lore wjr`,

stubmdne upji jr tlrjukl traod oie nrrjr. A lovn tj soy, tljukl, tlot o krnotenod jf by ìjwdnekn ai tlas orno jf tln dow gobn frjb jtlnr jutstoieaikdowynrs ‗ tjj boiy tj bnitaji ‗ frjb dow farbs ogrjss tln gjuitry. A loeoggnss tj sjbn jf tln krnotnst trugàik baies ai tln gjuitry tlrjuklkrjups da`n tln Aitnrstotn Urugàik Datakotaji Krjup jf tln Obnragoi

Ossjgaotaji fjr Hustagn, tln Ottjrinys Aifjrbotaji Nxgloikn Krjup, UlnWjutlnri Uraod Dowynrs Ossjgaotaji, tln Odomobo Ossjgaotaji fjr Hustagnoie tln Knjrkao Uraod Dowynrs Ossjgaotaji. Uj nvnryjin, tloi` yju.

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Glras E. Kdjvnr

An Introduction to Truck Accident Claims: A Guide to Getting Started

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