An introduction to nervous system · An introduction to nervous system By: shirin Kashfi . Helpful...

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Transcript of An introduction to nervous system · An introduction to nervous system By: shirin Kashfi . Helpful...

Page 1: An introduction to nervous system · An introduction to nervous system By: shirin Kashfi . Helpful Terms CNS Central Nervous System PNS Peripheral Nervous System Ganglion (ganglia)
Page 2: An introduction to nervous system · An introduction to nervous system By: shirin Kashfi . Helpful Terms CNS Central Nervous System PNS Peripheral Nervous System Ganglion (ganglia)

An introduction to nervous system

By: shirin Kashfi

Page 3: An introduction to nervous system · An introduction to nervous system By: shirin Kashfi . Helpful Terms CNS Central Nervous System PNS Peripheral Nervous System Ganglion (ganglia)

Helpful Terms

CNS

Central Nervous System

PNS

Peripheral Nervous System

Ganglion (ganglia)

Group of cell bodies found in the PNS

Nucleus (nuclei)

Group of cell bodies found in the CNS (not the same as a cell nucleus)

Nerve

Bundle of nerve fibers (axons) found in the PNS

tract

Bundle of nerve fibers (axons) found in the CNS

Page 4: An introduction to nervous system · An introduction to nervous system By: shirin Kashfi . Helpful Terms CNS Central Nervous System PNS Peripheral Nervous System Ganglion (ganglia)

Primary neurolation

• In vertebrates , CNS originates from dorsal ectoderm

• CNS forms as a tube during primary neurolation

• Part of ectoderm where fusion occurs becomes neural crest which then forms PNS.

Page 5: An introduction to nervous system · An introduction to nervous system By: shirin Kashfi . Helpful Terms CNS Central Nervous System PNS Peripheral Nervous System Ganglion (ganglia)

Neural Groove Neural Groove

Neural Tube

Brain

Spinal Chord

Page 6: An introduction to nervous system · An introduction to nervous system By: shirin Kashfi . Helpful Terms CNS Central Nervous System PNS Peripheral Nervous System Ganglion (ganglia)
Page 7: An introduction to nervous system · An introduction to nervous system By: shirin Kashfi . Helpful Terms CNS Central Nervous System PNS Peripheral Nervous System Ganglion (ganglia)

• by 4th week:

– Forebrain, Midbrain, Hindbrain

Page 8: An introduction to nervous system · An introduction to nervous system By: shirin Kashfi . Helpful Terms CNS Central Nervous System PNS Peripheral Nervous System Ganglion (ganglia)

• Prosencephelon (Forebrain)

Telencephalon (cerebrum)

Diencephelon (thalamus, hypothalamus)

• Mesencephalon (Midbrain)

• Rhombencephalon (Hindbrain)

Metencephalon (pons, cerebellum)

Myelencephalon (medulla)

Page 9: An introduction to nervous system · An introduction to nervous system By: shirin Kashfi . Helpful Terms CNS Central Nervous System PNS Peripheral Nervous System Ganglion (ganglia)
Page 10: An introduction to nervous system · An introduction to nervous system By: shirin Kashfi . Helpful Terms CNS Central Nervous System PNS Peripheral Nervous System Ganglion (ganglia)
Page 11: An introduction to nervous system · An introduction to nervous system By: shirin Kashfi . Helpful Terms CNS Central Nervous System PNS Peripheral Nervous System Ganglion (ganglia)
Page 12: An introduction to nervous system · An introduction to nervous system By: shirin Kashfi . Helpful Terms CNS Central Nervous System PNS Peripheral Nervous System Ganglion (ganglia)

Directional Terms - Brain

rostral

anterior

caudal

posterior

dorsal

superior

ventral

inferior

Page 13: An introduction to nervous system · An introduction to nervous system By: shirin Kashfi . Helpful Terms CNS Central Nervous System PNS Peripheral Nervous System Ganglion (ganglia)

Directional Terms - Brainstem and Spinal Cord

rostral

superior

caudal

inferior

dorsal

posterior

ventral

anterior

the brain takes a turn

at the cephalic flexure

Page 14: An introduction to nervous system · An introduction to nervous system By: shirin Kashfi . Helpful Terms CNS Central Nervous System PNS Peripheral Nervous System Ganglion (ganglia)
Page 15: An introduction to nervous system · An introduction to nervous system By: shirin Kashfi . Helpful Terms CNS Central Nervous System PNS Peripheral Nervous System Ganglion (ganglia)

Directional Terms - Sections

Horizontal cut

Has symmetry (mirror images)

Long (oval)

Page 16: An introduction to nervous system · An introduction to nervous system By: shirin Kashfi . Helpful Terms CNS Central Nervous System PNS Peripheral Nervous System Ganglion (ganglia)

Directional Terms - Sections

Coronal cut

Has symmetry (mirror images)

round (circle-sort of)

Page 17: An introduction to nervous system · An introduction to nervous system By: shirin Kashfi . Helpful Terms CNS Central Nervous System PNS Peripheral Nervous System Ganglion (ganglia)

Directional Terms - Sections

Sagittal cut

Does not have symmetry

Page 18: An introduction to nervous system · An introduction to nervous system By: shirin Kashfi . Helpful Terms CNS Central Nervous System PNS Peripheral Nervous System Ganglion (ganglia)

What kind of cut is this?

Coronal

Page 19: An introduction to nervous system · An introduction to nervous system By: shirin Kashfi . Helpful Terms CNS Central Nervous System PNS Peripheral Nervous System Ganglion (ganglia)

What kind of cut is this?

Horizontal

Page 20: An introduction to nervous system · An introduction to nervous system By: shirin Kashfi . Helpful Terms CNS Central Nervous System PNS Peripheral Nervous System Ganglion (ganglia)

What kind of cut is this?

Horizontal

Page 21: An introduction to nervous system · An introduction to nervous system By: shirin Kashfi . Helpful Terms CNS Central Nervous System PNS Peripheral Nervous System Ganglion (ganglia)

Meninge

• The meninges are the three membranes that envelop the brain and spinal cord

• In mammals, the meninges are the dura mater, the arachnoid mater, and the pia

mater

• The primary function of the meninges is to protect the central nervous system

Page 22: An introduction to nervous system · An introduction to nervous system By: shirin Kashfi . Helpful Terms CNS Central Nervous System PNS Peripheral Nervous System Ganglion (ganglia)

Dura mater

Page 23: An introduction to nervous system · An introduction to nervous system By: shirin Kashfi . Helpful Terms CNS Central Nervous System PNS Peripheral Nervous System Ganglion (ganglia)

Falx cerebri and cerebellar tentorium

• Falx cerebri is also known as the cerebral falx, named from its sickle-like form. It is

a large, crescent-shaped fold of meningeal layer of dura mater that descends

vertically in the longitudinal fissure between the cerebral hemispheres of the

human brain

• The cerebellar tentorium is an extension of the dura mater that separates the

cerebellum from the inferior portion of the occipital lobes

Page 24: An introduction to nervous system · An introduction to nervous system By: shirin Kashfi . Helpful Terms CNS Central Nervous System PNS Peripheral Nervous System Ganglion (ganglia)

Arachnoid

Page 25: An introduction to nervous system · An introduction to nervous system By: shirin Kashfi . Helpful Terms CNS Central Nervous System PNS Peripheral Nervous System Ganglion (ganglia)

Arachnoid granules

Page 26: An introduction to nervous system · An introduction to nervous system By: shirin Kashfi . Helpful Terms CNS Central Nervous System PNS Peripheral Nervous System Ganglion (ganglia)

Pia mater

Page 27: An introduction to nervous system · An introduction to nervous system By: shirin Kashfi . Helpful Terms CNS Central Nervous System PNS Peripheral Nervous System Ganglion (ganglia)

NERVOUS SYSTEM CH 48. NERVOUS SYSTEM Central Nervous system – Brain & spinal cord Peripheral nervous system- nerves that communicate motor & sensory.

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Divisions of the Nervous System Chapter 7. Divisions of the Nervous System 2 major divisions: Nervous System Central Nervous System Peripheral Nervous.

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