An Integrated Model of Entrepreneurial Intentions

8/4/2019 An Integrated Model of Entrepreneurial Intentions

1/18

Doctoral Track and Conference

ENTREPRENEURSHIP, CULTURE, FINANCE AND ECONOMIC

DEVELOPMENT

AN INTEGRATED MODEL OF ENTREPRENEURIALINTENTIONS

Lars Kolvereid*, Tatiana Iakovleva**, Jill Kickul***

* Bod Graduate School of Business, [email protected]

** Nordland Research Institute, Bode, Norway, [email protected]

*** Professor, Director Stewart Satter Program in Social Entrepreneurship, NYU Stern School of Business

[email protected]


2/18

AN INTEGRATED MODEL OF ENTREPRENEURIAL INTENTIONS

Lars Kolvereid, Tatiana Iakovleva, Jill KickulDirector, Stewart Satter Program in

Social EntrepreneurshipNYU Stern School of Business

Acknowledgments:Dr. Bjrn Willy mo, Bode Graduate School of Business (Norway) ;

Dr. Anatoliy Steshin, Baltic State Technical University, St. Petersburg(Russia);

Administration of the Helsinki School of Economics (Finland).


3/18

Science to Market

Caen 2008

Intentions

Insert Larger Model for Future Research


4/18

Science to Market

Caen 2008

Intentions

Entrepreneurial Intentions Research

Guided By:

(1) Shapero & Sokols (1982) model of

the entrepreneurial event (SEE);(2) Ajzens (1991) theory of plannedbehaviour (TPB)


5/18

Science to MarketCaen 2008

Intentions

SEE Focus on Entrepreneurial Event:

Start-Up or Self EmploymentDesirability attractiveness of starting abusiness

Feasibility degree to which the individualfeels capable of starting a business

Propensity to act personal disposition to acton ones decisions


6/18


Intentions

TPB Behavioural Intentions

Attitudes towards the behavior degree to which theindividual has favorable or unfavorable assessments ofthe behavior in question

Subjective norm perceived social pressure to eitherperform or not perform the action

Perceived behavioral control individuals control

beliefs regarding the action in question


7/18


Intentions

Both SEE and TPB have been supported

There is a need to integrate and reduce thenumber of alternative intentions models and touse a consistent definition of entrepreneurialintent (Shook, Priem and McGee, 2003)

Previous Research - Findings


8/18


Intentions

Proposed Research Questions

(1) Are employment status choice intentions

different from or similar to intentions to start a

business?

(2) How are the independent variables from the

two intention models in question, related to

each other and to entrepreneurial intentions?


9/18


Intentions

PerceivedBehavioral

Control

Subjective

Norms

Attitude

Desirability

self-employment

Intentionsself-employment

Intentionsstart-up

Desirabilitystart-up

Feasibilityself-employment

Feasibility

start-up


10/18


Intentions

Models Specification

Desirability (se)= F ( A (se), SN (se) )Feasibility (su)= F ( SN (se), PBC (se/su) ) (1)Intentions (se)= F( D (se), F (se) )

Desirability (su)= F (A( se), SN (se) )

Feasibility (su) = F ( SN (se), PCB (se/su) ) (2)Intentions (su) = F (D (se), F (se) )

Desirability (su)= F (A( se), SN (se) )Feasibility (su) = F ( SN (se), PCB (se/su) ) (3)

Intentions (su) = F (D (su), F (su) )


11/18


Intentions

MethodData gathered from 528 business students:

317 Russian students from Baltic State Technical University226 third year students (Bachelor Business Administration)20 Master of Business administration students76 second Master of Business degreeAverage age 21,5 years, 54% females

111 Norwegian students from Bode Graduate School of BusinessThird year Bachelor Business Administration programAverage age 28 years, 45% females

100 Finnish respondents

Undergraduates, Bachelor Business Administration programAverage age 22 years, 43% females


12/18


Intentions

MeasuresAttitude toward self employment

Gundry and Welsch (2001)I would rather own my own business than earn a higher salaryemployed by someone else

Subjective normsKolvereid (1996)

My closest family think that I should pursue a career as self-employed * To what extent do you care about what yourclosest family members think as you decide on whether or notto pursue a career as self-employed

Perceived behavioral controlAjzen (2002),Tkachev and Kolvereid (1999)

If I wanted to, I could easily become self-employed /start andrun a business


13/18


14/18


Intentions

Table 2. The Test of the Initial Model

Goodness of Fit Statistics

Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA) =

0.35

90 Percent Confidence Interval for RMSEA = (0.33 ; 0.36)

P-Value for Test of Close Fit (RMSEA < 0.05) = 0.00

Normed Fit Index (NFI) = 0.75Non-Normed Fit Index (NNFI) = 0.52

Parsimony Normed Fit Index (PNFI) = 0.39

Incremental Fit Index (IFI) = 0.75

Relative Fit Index (RFI) = 0.52

Root Mean Square Residual (RMR) = 0.72Standardized RMR = 0.26

S i M k


15/18


Intentions

Table 3. The Test of the Re-Estimated Model

Goodness of Fit Statistics

Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA) =

0.17

90 Percent Confidence Interval for RMSEA = (0.15 ; 0.19)

P-Value for Test of Close Fit (RMSEA < 0.05) = 0.00Normed Fit Index (NFI) = 0.95

Non-Normed Fit Index (NNFI) = 0.89

Parsimony Normed Fit Index (PNFI) = 0.42

Incremental Fit Index (IFI) = 0.95

Relative Fit Index (RFI) = 0.88

Root Mean Square Residual (RMR) = 0.50Standardized RMR = 0.18

S i t M k t


16/18


Intentions

Results

Desirability (se) = 0,57 A (se) + 0,35 SN (se)Feasibility (se) = 0,38 SN (se) + 0,46 PBC (se/su)Intentions (se) = 0,45 D (se) + 0,43 PBC (se/su)

Desirability (su) = 0,16 A (se) + 0,3011 SN (se)Feasibility (su) = 0,14 SN (se) + 0,14 PBC (se/su)Intentions (su) = 0,20 D (su) + 0,067 F (se) + 0,019 F (su)

Science to Market


17/18


Intentions

Discussion

Test models of entrepreneurial intentionsMultiple and competing explanations on thedecision making process to launch a newventureRobust not only when participants from the 3countries were analysed together, but alsowhen separate analyses were carried out on

respondents from each of the three countries

Science to Market


18/18


Intentions

Discussion

As far as intention to become self-employed isconcerned, the TPB and SEE models can besuccessfully integrated into one modelImplications, Flash Eurobarometer

But, start-up intentionsSubjective norms not significantRole of Feasibility?

An Integrated Model of Entrepreneurial Intentions

Documents

Transcript of An Integrated Model of Entrepreneurial Intentions