An Integral Approach to Organizing, Indexing, and Linking Resilience Knowledge
-
Upload
johnny-thomas-msee-mba -
Category
Education
-
view
165 -
download
0
Transcript of An Integral Approach to Organizing, Indexing, and Linking Resilience Knowledge
Arizona State University | Johnny Thomas | Sustainable Engineering | 2015 ISSST | 19 May 2015
An Integral Approach to Organizing, Indexing, and Linking Resilience Knowledge
Johnny Thomas, MSEE, MBA
PhD Student, Research Associate Arizona State University Sustainable Engineering
Arizona State University | Johnny Thomas | Sustainable Engineering | 2015 ISSST | 19 May 2015 2
Loma Prieta, 17 Oct. 1989, 7.1M
� 63 deaths � 3,757 injured � $6B property damage
Arizona State University | Johnny Thomas | Sustainable Engineering | 2015 ISSST | 19 May 2015 3
New Orleans Mayor Ray Nagin
Coast Guard Commandant Thad Allen
President George Bush
(Larry Downing / Reuters-Corbis, 2011)
� 1,833 died � 200 Civil servants AWOL � 25 Officers leave high stress areas � 2 Officers commit suicide � Poor leadership & judgment � Criminal behavior
Arizona State University | Johnny Thomas | Sustainable Engineering | 2015 ISSST | 19 May 2015 4
(Larry Downing / Reuters-Corbis, 2011)
Hurricane Katrina: a resilience failure
“as if no one was in control” (Westrum, 2005)
Arizona State University | Johnny Thomas | Sustainable Engineering | 2015 ISSST | 19 May 2015
� 8,460 dead, >16,000 injured � ~1M children needing urgent care � 8M people impacted
5
Nepal, 25 April & 12 May 2014
7.8M / 7.3M
Arizona State University | Johnny Thomas | Sustainable Engineering | 2015 ISSST | 19 May 2015 6
The number of events is increasing!
(TISP, 2015)
Arizona State University | Johnny Thomas | Sustainable Engineering | 2015 ISSST | 19 May 2015 7
(Gall, Borden, Emrich, & Cutter, 2011)
Losses ~$108B
Per Capita Losses >$350
Hur
rica
ne K
atri
na
(TISP, 2015)
>Losses
Arizona State University | Johnny Thomas | Sustainable Engineering | 2015 ISSST | 19 May 2015
Presidential Policy Directive (PPD-21)
“U.S. efforts shall address the security and resilience…” (The White House, 2013)
8
National Infrastructure Protection Plan 2013
Directs national policy among Federal agencies (U.S. Homeland Security, 2013)
Arizona State University | Johnny Thomas | Sustainable Engineering | 2015 ISSST | 19 May 2015
>3,700 Peer Reviewed Journal Articles with Resilience in the Title
9
(Baggio, Brown, & Hellebrandt, 2015)
Arizona State University | Johnny Thomas | Sustainable Engineering | 2015 ISSST | 19 May 2015 10
Arizona State University | Johnny Thomas | Sustainable Engineering | 2015 ISSST | 19 May 2015 11
An Integral Approach
Ability to hold multiple simultaneous perspectives without marginalizing or diminishing one over another
Arizona State University | Johnny Thomas | Sustainable Engineering | 2015 ISSST | 19 May 2015 12
Interior Exterior
Indi
vidu
al
Gro
up /
Col
lect
ive
Org
aniz
ing
(Wilber, 2000)
Arizona State University | Johnny Thomas | Sustainable Engineering | 2015 ISSST | 19 May 2015 13
Interior Exterior
Indi
vidu
al
Gro
up /
Col
lect
ive
Subjective, “I” 1st person
Inter-subjective, “WE” 2nd person
Objective, “IT” 3rd person (singular)
Inter-objective, “ITS” 3rd person (plural)
Experience Behavior
Culture Systems
Holon: object, subject, or
unit of inquiry
Org
aniz
ing
(Wilber, 2000)
Arizona State University | Johnny Thomas | Sustainable Engineering | 2015 ISSST | 19 May 2015 14
Interior Exterior
Indi
vidu
al
Gro
up /
Col
lect
ive
An Integral Perspective of
Resilience Research
Org
aniz
ing
(Wilber, 2000)
Arizona State University | Johnny Thomas | Sustainable Engineering | 2015 ISSST | 19 May 2015 15
Interior Exterior
Indi
vidu
al
Gro
up /
Col
lect
ive
Org
aniz
ing
Arizona State University | Johnny Thomas | Sustainable Engineering | 2015 ISSST | 19 May 2015 16
Interior Exterior
Indi
vidu
al
Gro
up /
Col
lect
ive
Resilience Epistemology
Inde
(Wilber, 2000)
Arizona State University | Johnny Thomas | Sustainable Engineering | 2015 ISSST | 19 May 2015 17
Interior Exterior
Indi
vidu
al
Gro
up /
Col
lect
ive
Individual resilient capacity indicators
Group resilient capacity indicators
Individual resilient process indicators
Group / system resilient process indicators
Psychology & Phenomenology
Behavior, actions & Physicality
Culture & Worldviews
Social, Ecological & Technical Systems
Resilience Epistemology
Inde
(Wilber, 2000)
Arizona State University | Johnny Thomas | Sustainable Engineering | 2015 ISSST | 19 May 2015 18
Interior Exterior
Indi
vidu
al
Gro
up /
Col
lect
ive
Zone 1
Zone 3
Zone 5
Zone 7
Zone 2 Zone 6
Zone 4 Zone 8
Inde
(Wilber, 2000)
Arizona State University | Johnny Thomas | Sustainable Engineering | 2015 ISSST | 19 May 2015 19
Icon Zone Domain Methods & Techniques
1 Experience Self-report, narrative, journaling
2 Experience Psychometrics (cognition, conation), observation
3 Culture Hermeneutics, interviews, role-playing, improv
4 Culture Ethnomethodology, moral & worldview analysis
5 Behavior Autopoiesis, modeling of cognitive & visual systems
6 Behavior SAAL, surveys, exams, empirical data collection
7 Systems System autopoiesis, network nodes (send / receive)
8 Systems SAAL, systems monitoring, modeling & analysis
Resilience Epistemological Index
Integral Approach (Esbjörn-Hargens, 2010; Wilber 2001) Inde
Arizona State University | Johnny Thomas | Sustainable Engineering | 2015 ISSST | 19 May 2015
A content-free framework
for organizing, indexing, and linking resilience knowledge.
20
Inte
gral
App
roac
h
Arizona State University | Johnny Thomas | Sustainable Engineering | 2015 ISSST | 19 May 2015
WeWorldNetworks.com
21
Thank You!
Arizona State University | Johnny Thomas | Sustainable Engineering | 2015 ISSST | 19 May 2015
Back-up Slides
22
Afternoon resilience summit
Arizona State University | Johnny Thomas | Sustainable Engineering | 2015 ISSST | 19 May 2015
What is resilience?
Capacity to absorb shock, return to homeostasis (stable state) or re-organize (Reid & Botteril, 2013)
23
Basic construct interpreted among disciplines
Arizona State University | Johnny Thomas | Sustainable Engineering | 2015 ISSST | 19 May 2015
Engineering Resilience
� Time to return to steady state (Holling, 1996)
� Complex adaptive system-continuous adjustment (Pendall, Foster, & Cowell, 2009)
24
Objects, devices & technical systems
Arizona State University | Johnny Thomas | Sustainable Engineering | 2015 ISSST | 19 May 2015
Human Resilience
� Ability to tolerate stress amid extreme adversity
(Zautra, Hall, & Murray, 2010)
25
People as individuals, groups, and organizations
Arizona State University | Johnny Thomas | Sustainable Engineering | 2015 ISSST | 19 May 2015 26
• Moral reasoning (Kumpfer, 1995; Stokols, Lejano, & Hipp, 2013)
Arizona State University | Johnny Thomas | Sustainable Engineering | 2015 ISSST | 19 May 2015 27
Cha
lleng
er
9/11
Hur
rica
ne K
atri
na
(TISP, 2015)
Arizona State University | Johnny Thomas | Sustainable Engineering | 2015 ISSST | 19 May 2015
Four ways to see the world (Ontology)
� Simultaneous perspectives, co-arising, tetra-mesh � Co-nascent & mutually implicated in one another
28
Four ways the world can be seen (Epistemology)
Object or Subject of inquiry
Integral Approach (Esbjörn-Hargens, 2010; Wilber 2001)
Arizona State University | Johnny Thomas | Sustainable Engineering | 2015 ISSST | 19 May 2015 29
Zones 2 & 4
Zones 6 & 8
Arizona State University | Johnny Thomas | Sustainable Engineering | 2015 ISSST | 19 May 2015
Human Resilience Capacities
30
Table 1 Human Resilience Capacities (Connor, 2006; Olsson et al., 2003) Cognitive Social / Emotional Behavioral Ability to adapt to change Coping1 Action-oriented approach Ability to view change / stress as a challenge
Faith1 Ability to perceive / demonstrate the strengthening effect of stress
Ability to use past successes to confront current challenges
Hope
Engaging the support of others
Balanced perspective on experience Optimism Rebounding Enduring set of values Patience Secure attachments to others Fortitude, conviction, tenacity, & resolve Self-efficacy1 Tolerance of negative effect Internal locus of control1 Self-esteem Personal or collective goals1 Sense of humor Sense of meaningfulness !
Arizona State University | Johnny Thomas | Sustainable Engineering | 2015 ISSST | 19 May 2015 31
Human Development (Richardson, 2002) (Brown & Westaway, 2011) Sociology (Norris & Stevens, 2007) (Keck & Sakdapolrak, 2013)
Biology & Health (Garcia-dia et al., 2013) Neuroscience (Feder, Nestler, & Charney, 2009)
Human Development (Masten, 2001) (Unger et al., 2013) Management & Organization (Luthans, 2002) (Davy, Smith, Lating, 2011)
Human Resilience
Psychiatry (Connor & Davidson, 2003) (Herrman & Stewart, 2011) Psychology (Bonanno, 2004) (Tugade & Fredrickson, 2004)
Experience Behavior
Culture Systems
Arizona State University | Johnny Thomas | Sustainable Engineering | 2015 ISSST | 19 May 2015 32
Arizona State University | Johnny Thomas | Sustainable Engineering | 2015 ISSST | 19 May 2015 33
(NOAA, 2005)
Arizona State University | Johnny Thomas | Sustainable Engineering | 2015 ISSST | 19 May 2015 34
• How can we organize the vast array of resilience knowledge without marginalizing perspectives?
• How can we index resilience epistemologies and methods? • How can we link resilience research perspectives and
knowledge claims to strengthen and inform research projects?
Research Questions
Arizona State University | Johnny Thomas | Sustainable Engineering | 2015 ISSST | 19 May 2015
Integration Challenges
� Different methods for different perspectives (Esbjörn-Hargens, 2007)
� No linkage for perspectives in disparate disciplines: engineering & psychology
� Result: confusion & misinterpretations among disciplines (Brand & Jax, 2007)
35
Arizona State University | Johnny Thomas | Sustainable Engineering | 2015 ISSST | 19 May 2015 36
Interior Exterior
Indi
vidu
al
Gro
up /
Col
lect
ive
Human Development (Ungar, Ghazinour, & Richter, 2013)
Ecology & Sustainability (Walker et al., 2004), (Redman, 2014)
Engineering (Woods & Branlat, 2010)
Management & Organization (Luthans, 2002)
Sociology (Cutter, 2006)
Biology & Health (Garcia-dia et al., 2013) Neuroscience (Feder et al., 2009)
Human Development (Richardson, 2002) (Brown & Westaway, 2011) Sociology (Norris & Stevens, 2007) (Keck & Sakdapolrak, 2013)
Psychiatry (Connor & Davidson, 2003) (Folkman & Moskowitz, 2004) Psychology (Bonanno, 2004), (Tugade & Fredrickson, 2004)
Org
aniz
ing
Arizona State University | Johnny Thomas | Sustainable Engineering | 2015 ISSST | 19 May 2015
Integral Theory: a content-free lens
‘Interior & Exterior
of Individual & Collective’
37
Arizona State University | Johnny Thomas | Sustainable Engineering | 2015 ISSST | 19 May 2015 38
References
• Baggio, J. A., Brown, K., & Hellebrandt, D. (2015). Boundary object or bridging concept ? A citation network analysis of. Ecology and Society, 20(2). • Bonanno, G. (2004). Loss, Trauma, and Human Resilience: Have We Underestimated the Human Capacity to Thrive After Extremely Aversive Events? The
American Psychologist, 59(1), 20–8. doi:10.1037/0003-066X.59.1.20 • Brand, F., & Jax, K. (2007). Focusing the Meaning (s) of Resilience: Resilience as a Descriptive Concept and a Boundary Object. Ecology and Society, 12(1).
Retrieved from http://www.ecologyandsociety.org/vol12/iss1/art23/ES-2007-2029.pdf • Brown, K., & Westaway, E. (2011). Agency, Capacity, and Resilience to Environmental Change: Lessons from Human Development, Well-Being, and Disasters.
Annual Review of Environment and Resources, 36(1), 321–342. doi:10.1146/annurev-environ-052610-092905 • Connor, K. (2006). Assessment of Resilience in the Aftermath of Trauma. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, (suppl 2). Retrieved from
http://breathofhopefoundation.org/articles/v67s0207_Resilience.pdf • Connor, K. M., & Davidson, J. R. T. (2003). Development of a New Resilience Scale: the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC). Depression and Anxiety,
18(2), 76–82. doi:10.1002/da.10113 • Esbjörn-Hargens, S. (2007). Integral Teacher, Integral Students, Integral Classroom: Applying Integral Theory to Education. AQAL: Journal of Integral Theory and
Practice, 1–42. Retrieved from http://integraleslebenwien.at/LS/Bil/Esbjorn-Hargens_Integral-Education.pdf • Esbjörn-Hargens, S. (2010). An Overview of Integral Theory. In Integral Theory in Action: Applied, Theoretical, and Constructive Perspectives on the AQAL Model (pp.
33–61). State University of New York Press. • Esbjörn-Hargens, S., Zimmerman, M. (2009). Integral Ecology, Uniting Multiple Perspectives on the Natural World. Integral Books. • Everly, G. S., Davy, J. A., Smith, K. J., Lating, J. M., & Jr, F. C. N. (2011). A Defining Aspect of Human Resilience in the Workplace : Disaster Medicine and Public
Health Preparedness, 5(2). • Fiksel, J. (2003). Designing Resilient, Sustainable Systems. Environmental Science & Technology, 37(23), 5330–5339. Retrieved from
http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/es0344819 • Fuhs, C. (2010). An Integral Map of Perspective Taking. In Integral Theory in Action: Applied, Theoretical, and Constructive Perspectives on the AQAL Model (pp. 273–
302). SUNY. • Hannah, S. T., & May, D. R. (2011). MORAL MATURATION AND MORAL CONATION : A CAPACITY APPROACH TO EXPLAINING MORAL THOUGHT
AND ACTION West Point – United States Military Academy. Academy of Management Review, 36(4), 663–685. • Herrman, H., & Stewart, D. (2011). What is resilience? Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 56(5). Retrieved from http://europepmc.org/abstract/MED/21586191 • Holling, C. (1996). Engineering Resilience Versus Ecological Resilience. In Engineering Within Ecological Constraints (pp. 31–44). • Keck, M., & Sakdapolrak, P. (2013). What is social resilience? Lessons Learned and Ways Forward. Erdkunde, 67(1), 5–19. doi:10.3112/erdkunde.2013.01.02 • Kumpfer, K. L. (1995). Factors and Processes Contributing to Resilience. In Resilience and Development: Positive Life Adaptations (pp. 179–224). Kluwer
Academic/Plenum Publishers. • Luthans, F. (2002). The need for and meaning of positive organizational behavior. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 23(6), 695–706. doi:10.1002/job.165 • Masten, A., & Obradovic, J. (2008). Disaster preparation and recovery: Lessons from research on resilience in human development. Ecology and Society, 13(1).
Retrieved from http://ibcperu.org/doc/isis/8553.pdf • Norris, F. H., & Stevens, S. P. (2007). Commentary on “ Five Essential Elements of Immediate and Mid-Term Mass Trauma Intervention : Empirical Evidence ”
Community Resilience and the Principles of Mass Trauma Intervention. Psychiatry 70(4), 70(4), 320–328. • Park, J., Seager, T. P., Rao, P. S. C., Convertino, M., & Linkov, I. (2013). Integrating Risk and Resilience Approaches to Catastrophe Management in Engineering
Systems. Risk Analysis, 33(3), 356–67. doi:10.1111/j.1539-6924.2012.01885.x
Arizona State University | Johnny Thomas | Sustainable Engineering | 2015 ISSST | 19 May 2015 39
References (cont.) • Pendall, R., Foster, K. a., & Cowell, M. (2009). Resilience and regions: building understanding of the metaphor. Cambridge Journal of Regions, Economy and
Society, 3(1), 71–84. doi:10.1093/cjres/rsp028 • Reich, J., Zautra, A. & Hall, J. (2010). Handbook of Adult Resilience. The Guilford Press. • Reid, R., & Botterill, L. C. (2013). The Multiple Meanings of “Resilience”: An Overview of the Literature. Australian Journal of Public Administration, 72(1), 31–40.
doi:10.1111/1467-8500.12009 • Richardson, G. E. (2002). The Metatheory of Resilience and Resiliency. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 58(3), 307–321. doi:10.1002/jclp.10020 • Stokols, D., Lejano, R. P., & Hipp, J. (2013). Enhancing the Resilience of Human – Environment Systems : a Social Ecological Perspective. Ecology and Society,
18(1). • The White House. (2013). Presidential Policy Directive/PPD-21. • Tugade, M. M., & Fredrickson, B. L. (2004). Resilient Individuals Use Positive Emotions to Bounce Back from Negative Emotional Experiences. Journal of
Personality and Social Psychology, 86(2), 320–33. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.86.2.320 • U.S. Homeland Security. (2013). National Infrastructure Protection Plan 2013. • Ungar, M., Ghazinour, M., & Richter, J. (2013). Annual Research Review: What is resilience within the social ecology of human development? Journal of Child
Psychology and Psychiatry, and Allied Disciplines, 54(4), 348–66. doi:10.1111/jcpp.12025 • Westrum, P. R. (2005). All Coherence Gone : New Orleans as a Resilience Failure. In 2nd symposium on resilience engineering. Juan-les-Pins, France. • Wilber, K. (2001). A Theory of Everything: An integral vision for business, politics, science, and spirituality. Shambhala Publications. • Wilber, K. (2006). Integral Spirituality. Integral Books.
Nepal Statistics: http://www.mercycorps.org/articles/nepal/quick-facts-what-you-need-know-about-nepal-earthquake White House Photo: http://pixshark.com/situation-room-west-wing.htm