An Improved EM-Based Design Procedure for Single-Layer...
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An Improved EM-Based Design Procedure for Single-Layer Substrate Integrated Waveguide
Interconnects with Microstrip Transitions
José E. Rayas-Sánchez
Department of Electronics, Systems and InformaticsInstituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Occidente (ITESO)
Guadalajara, Mexico, 45090
9th IEEE
presented at
2009 IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Workshop Series in Region 9, Guadalajara, Mexico, Feb. 19, 2009
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Outline
Substrate integrated waveguides (SIW)
SIW interconnect with microstrip transitions
Initial design from empirical knowledge
Direct EM optimization of an SIW surrogate model
EM simulation of the final structure
Conclusions
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Substrate Integrated Waveguides (SIW)
SIW structures exploit the advantages of rectangular waveguides and microstrip lines
They are easy to implement in planar and multilayer structures
They have low radiation losses and low sensitivity to EMI
SIW structures are promising candidates for a new generation of low-cost high-speed PCB interconnects
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SIW with Vias as Lateral Walls
(Deslandes and Wu, 2001)
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SIW with Microstrip Transitions
σCu = 5.8×107 S/mt = 0.65 mil
H = 16milεr = 3.6, tan γ = 0.008(Nelco N-4000-13)
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SIW Initial Design
fc10 = 10GHz
W = 311.25mil
rcfcWε102
=
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SIW Initial Design (cont)
To avoid EM leakage, s ≤ 2dwith d ≤ λg/5 (Deslandes and Wu, 2001)
and considering that the first higher-ordermode propagating is the TEm0 mode,
d ≤ 25.41mil (up to TE50 mode)15
22 −
≤mWd
Using and2
2
2
10 /2 ⎟⎠⎞
⎜⎝⎛−⎟
⎠⎞
⎜⎝⎛=
Wcr
gπωεπλ
22
2 ⎟⎠⎞
⎜⎝⎛+⎟
⎠⎞
⎜⎝⎛=
Hn
Wmcf
rcmn ε
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Only TE Modes Are Supported by SIWs
Vertical conduction currents flow through the vias
(Pozar, 1998)
TE10 TE20
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Only TE Modes Are Supported by SIWs (cont)
TM modes can not be preserved on SIWs (Xu and Wu, 2005)
(Pozar, 1998)
TM11 TM21
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I/O Microstrip Lines
Starting point:Wp
(0) = 35.31mil (using Gupta’s formulas)Wp
* = 37.8mil
σCu = 5.8×107 S/mt = 0.65 mil
H = 16milεr = 3.6, tan γ = 0.008(Nelco N-4000-13)
Wpt
tHr
W = 311.25mil → 311.85mil
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H = 16milW = 311.85milWp = 37.8mild = Wp/2 = 18.9mils = 2d
SIW with Microstrip Transitions – Initial Design
Starting point:W(0) = WWtap
(0) = W
Lp = 1.5WLtap = 3WLSIW = 4WWSIW = W+2d
Hair = 4Hygap = 1.5W
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Initial Fine Model Responses
Sim. time: 7 hrs 19 min (CPU 2.16GHz Dual, 2.5GB RAM)
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Surrogate Model
Hair = 4Hygap = 1.5W
Cx = Wp = 37.8mil (λ/20 = 7.8mil at 50GHz)where Cx is the cell-size in the longitudinal direction
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Optimizing the Low Cutoff Frequency
Surrogate objective function to find W*
Total optimization time: 3.8 min
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Optimizing the Low Cutoff Frequency (cont)
Evolution of W
Total optimization time: 3.8 min
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Optimizing the Low Cutoff Frequency (cont)
Surrogate responses before and after optimizing W
Total optimization time: 3.8 min
W(0) = 311.85milW* = 349.65mil
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Optimizing the Passband
Surrogate objective function to find Wtap*
Total optimization time: 80.39 min
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Optimizing the Passband (cont)
Evolution of Wtap
Total optimization time: 80.39 min
Wtap(0) = W* = 349.65mil
Wtap* = 236.25mil
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Optimizing the Passband (cont)
Surrogate responses before and after optimizing Wtap
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Final Fine Model Responses
Simulation time: 11 hrs 36 min
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Fine Model Responses, Initial
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Fine Model Responses, Final
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Conclusions
We described the physical structure of a SIW interconnect with microstrip transitions
We reviewed a procedure to obtain an initial design, based on empirical knowledge
We developed a surrogate model for direct inexpensive EM simulation that uses grooves instead of vias
We optimize the surrogate model in two stages: first optimizing the low cutoff frequency, and second optimizing the transmission and reflections in the passband
The final fine model exhibits a significantly better performance than the initial design