An Existential Processual Method An Existential Processual Method for freeing from occupying...
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Transcript of An Existential Processual Method An Existential Processual Method for freeing from occupying...
An Existential Processual An Existential Processual MethodMethod
for freeing from occupying experiences:
Personal Existential AnalysisPersonal Existential AnalysisLängle Alfried, M.D., Ph.D.
International Society for Logotherapy and Existential Analysis, Vienna
www.existential-analysis.org / www.laengle.info
1. The background1. The background
[a glimpse on Existential Analysis- [a glimpse on Existential Analysis- Vienna]Vienna]
Aim of Existential Analysis:
to help the person to live with
inner consent to what he/she is doing
Existential Analysis: Process model [Structural model]
Power of [Basis of
the person existence]
PEAPEA [Fundamental ex. Motivations]
Process of consent denotes →
mobilisation of the “person“
2. What is the
“person“
Being a person means:
dialogical exchange with oneself and
others[ basic principle of EA]
IIInner world Person Outer world
Person stands in continuous inner and outer dialogue
Some descriptions of “person“:
• What is saying “I“ within oneself
• What is free in the subject choosing, deciding, feeling responsible
Some descriptions of “person“:
• Autonomous, authentic, pure subjectivity
• This with what I identify with me
• Also “self-efficacy”
3. Specific power/potential of the
“person“
Specific potentials of the “person“:
1. to be receptive
An inner world is attainable An autonomous world is approachable
Specific potentials of the “person“:
2. to be understanding
Connects new / strange information with own / known
Specific potentials of the “person“:
3. to be responsive
Something new, genuine, original comes to the world –
corresponding to its demands
to be understanding
PERSONPERSON
to be receptive to be responsive
[The specific potentials of the person seen as a process]
Psychological health:When a person is able to
realize these potentials
She or he can be present in the actual situation
Subjective experience of these potentials:
Inner Positioning
Impression Expression
Hindrance of the personal potentials:
1. Impression: one may be confused, overwhelmed, alienated, hurt, anxious…
2. Inner positioning: one may be confused, exerted, unsure, thrown…
3. Expression: one may be strained, anxious in showing oneself, helpless in realization
Hindrances of the personal potentials:
Inner Positioning
Impression Expression
Result:
To be oneself in each situation
≠ automatic and natural≠ succeeding always
= endeavour!
Failure psychopathology
4. The application
Short form:
1. How is it for you? E.g. to live without a relationship…
2. What is your opinion? E.g. about the fact that you life alone?
3. What would you do? E.g. what would you say to a woman who would ask me about that?
Psychotherapeutic application:
PEA 0: information[Not specific for PEA]Watch: unclear passages
ContradictionsMissing elementsno opinions
Attitude of Psychotherapist: cognitive-empathetic
PEA 0: Information – What happened?
Tasks• Description• What happened?• Stay with facts and
description of emotions• Minimize opinions, wishes,
and explanations
Aims• Coming to terms with
reality, as it really is• Relate to real situation• Face and deal with rather
than avoid facts of existence
Impediment of writing:
PEA 0: information
Teacher: “You cannot write – you will never succeed!”
Mother: “Your sister is much better than you in writing. You must read more!”
PEA 1 - impression:= analysis of experience
“How is it for you?”
a) Primary emotion spontanous feelings
b) Impulse automatic impulsec) Phenomenological content
received message
Attitude of Psychotherapist: empathetic
Impediment of writing:
a) Primary emotion tense like in test-situation; fear of failure
b) Impulse run awayc) Phenomenological content
devaluation: lack of intelligence – senseless to try to get it; no respect for you!
PEA 2 – inner positioning:= integration & finding the own
“What do you make of it?”
a) Understanding combining the new with the old
b) Emotional/sensed Evaluation moral conscience
c) Cognitive Evaluation taking a stand d) Finding One’s Will active decision – basis
for activity
Attitude of Psychotherapist: confronting
Understanding
• Self-Understanding– Why does it hurt/shatter/irritate?– Do you recognize the values which were hurt?
• Understanding the Other– Necessary for dialogical existence– Necessary to restore trust in the world and in the Mitwelt– Gives orientation for being together
• Clarify What is Not Understood
Emotional Evaluation
• The personally sensed evaluation invokes moral conscience – personal moral conscience, not extension of religious or societal conscience
• Do you have the feeling that it was OK, right, correct?
• Did it do justice to you?
• Have you been seen?
• Did you do justice to the other?
Cognitive Evaluation
• Cognitive, conscious position
• Integration of knowledge and sensations in order to inform cognitive judgments
• What do I think about (my mother)?
• How do I judge the other person’s behavior?
Finding One’s Will
• What is moving?
• What is the direction of the movement?
• Does something need to be done?
Impediment of writing:
a) understanding teacher was bad looking, unsightly
b) moral conscience was not correct; I am fairly good
c) taking a stand she had a problem with me because I was so pretty
d) finding one’s will start writing
PEA 3 - expression:= filters & active answer
“What will you do?”
a) What? shameb) To whom? be reasonablec) When? occasiond) How? means & modalities
Attitude of Psychotherapist: supportive
Impediment of writing:
a) What? plan of paperb)To whom? for herselfc) When? nowd)How? in rebellion against
teacher…
Indication:
Finding oneself:
a) emotionallyb)cognitivelyc) in one’s action/behaviour
5.) Synopsis
Deep evaluation
understanding taking positionof persons
will
understanding accomodate of content to reality
Psychodynamics action
moral conscience generally
understanding ? taking position the other concretely
oneself will
what
message to whom impulse when
primary emotion how
DESCRIPTION(PEA 0)
FeelingWhat do I feel?
ImpulseWhat am I moved to do ?
Phenomenal content What does this tell me?
The received
PEA 1PEA 1
Understanding
Primary emotion
ConscienceDeepest sense of accordance;
Integrated Emotion; “Bottom of my heart” sense
AdaptationAccording with the expected reactionSelf-acceptance
1. FMCan I be?
2. FMDo I like to live?
3. FMCan I respect myself?
4. FMWhere does it lead to?
PEA 2PEA 2
PEA 3PEA 3
Personal (Specific) Positioning
Receptivity/Impression
Expression
Understanding/Inner Positioning
General Cognitive Positioning
INFORMATION
U 1
U 2 Do I understand the other?
U 3
Do I understand myself? What moves me?
What don‘t I understand?
What do you think such a behavior and person?
What do I personally say to that?, or what do I personally think about this person?
Will Content of expressionWhat would I really like to do?
F 1
F 2
F 3
F 4
Means / modalityHow and by what means is the best way?
Filter
Modesty: What can I do here and now?How much do I want to reveal?
ReasonTo whom? Does it fit with these people?
TimeWhen? – At which opportunity?
PEA Summary
AbstractConnects
with knowledge
and experience
PEA Summary
PEA-3
What happened, really?
Primary Emotion: What do I feel?
Impulse: What am I moved to do?
Phenomenological Content: What does this tell me?
Self-Understanding: Why does this move me?
Other-Understanding: What can I understand about the other?
What do I not understand?
Emotional Evaluation/Personal Moral Conscience/:
In the bottom of my heart, was this right? …to me? …to the other? Have I , has
s/he, been seen? Has it been just?
General Cognitive Positioning: What do I think about a person who…?
AbstractConnects with knowledge and
experience
Personal Positioning: What do I personally say about this situation, about this person/s behaviour?
Personal
Discerning My Will: What would I really like to do? What needs to be done?
What: What do I decide to do?
To Whom: Is there somebody I need to address?
When: When is it possible/ appropriate?
How: How will I do this? What preparation is needed?DESCRIPTION
PEA 0RECEPTIVITY RESPONSIVENESS
UNDERSTANDING
POSITION
IMPRESSION EXPRESSION
PEA-1
PEA-2
SELF-DISTANCE SELF-TRANSCENDENCE
SELF-ACCEPTANCE
FM! 1: I am here. Can I be?
FM! 2: I am alive. Do I like to be?
FM! 3: I am me. Can I be me?
FM! 4: What am I here for?