An Examination of the use of Image in Traditional Knowledge Research with Northwestern Canadian...
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An Examination of the use of An Examination of the use of Image in Traditional Knowledge Image in Traditional Knowledge
Research with Northwestern Research with Northwestern Canadian First NationsCanadian First Nations
presented bypresented by
Leslie Main JohnsonLeslie Main Johnson
Athabasca UniversityAthabasca University
Images are used for:Images are used for:
elicitationelicitation
documentationdocumentation
communicationcommunication
photo used for elicitation of photo used for elicitation of landscape terms (Gitxsanimx)landscape terms (Gitxsanimx)
nemk’ap‘wiinamkxnemk’ap‘wiinamkx
The terms recorded are the Gyeets and Gigeenix dialect words for ‘high bank’.
archival photos are effective for archival photos are effective for elicitationelicitation
the line between elicitation and the line between elicitation and documentation is not always documentation is not always firm- especially with maps and firm- especially with maps and diagramsdiagrams
dzilh ggiz, dzilh dzilh ggiz, dzilh ïïggizggiz
mountain passmountain pass (lit. ‘between mountains’) (lit. ‘between mountains’)
Witsuwit’en term from Dan Michell 2005
elicitation from photo for linguistic documentationelicitation from photo for linguistic documentation
elicitation and documentation using a elicitation and documentation using a computer drawingcomputer drawing
map used for elicitation–land use data from Noel AndreTsiigehtchicAugust 1999
documentationdocumentation “vouchers”, photos of plants or places “process”- video or a series of shots
showing how something is done referents for linguistic terms events or people-in-place settings annotations of maps or photos used in
elicitation
““lookout”lookout”“voucher”- Kaska place kind
tletagi–lookout
atane trail
kocamp‘
another ‘lookout’–
image as voucher-blueberry Vaccinium uliginosumdahba
plant specimens as image and plant specimens as image and documentationdocumentation
documenting Gitksan documenting Gitksan snowshoe makingsnowshoe making
challenges of topic and method(how do you take a good illustration of a snowshoe in context?)
correlating text notes and images-original fieldnotes as typed into computer
Mary Teya snaring rabbitsMary Teya snaring rabbits
process–
video of process–video of process–stitching mocassinsstitching mocassins
QuickTime™ and aYUV420 codec decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
QuickTime™ and aYUV420 codec decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Kaska elder Mida Donnessey 2003
formal, composed record of an event–Kaska Language Workshop at Blue River
photo Angela Wheelock July 2003
people in place–people in place–
Deline “Plants for Life” Project camp summer 2006
the camp at Russel Bay– Tsia
the camp at Russel Bay– Tsia
setting–“Plants for Life” Project 2005
maps as documentation
–sites of old camps and
recent moosekills
February 2000
data map compiled by Gitksanresearcher Art Loring
Art Loring presenting finished maps at GIS training session in Hazelton
Image in CommunicationImage in Communication
communication with academic audiencescommunication with academic audiencescommunication with and within communication with and within
communitycommunity
communication with “the public”communication with “the public”
Dinim Gyet’s Territory- berry patch locationDinim Gyet’s Territory- berry patch location
powerpoint slide for conference paper:
figure in journal article
from Economic Botany Vol. 46 1992
Poster for Poster for Deline Deline
“Plants “Plants for Life” for Life”
ProjectProject
Photos Marni Amirault, poster design Chia Yueh Jean
image used evocatively on local traditional knowledge book cover
photo Leslie Main Johnson; book layout Marie-Anick Elie
When you are picking raspberries, look out for bears. The name the Pelly people have for raspberries, dech&ue dzâdze;&, means “porcupine berry”. Raspberries get ripe in August
Elder Lorna Reid picking raspberries 2001
raspberriesdahka;dle;& or dech&ue dzâde;& Rubus idaeus
42
illustration in a Kaska plant knowledge book for community and school use
photo and layout of draft book by LM Johnson
representation of two kinds of rabbit snare set by local artist Arthur Mitchell for Gwich’in school book
Gwich’in Teaching and Learning Centre, Ft. McPherson 1996
multimedia website multimedia website focussing on traditional focussing on traditional
knowledgeknowledge
QuestionsQuestionsHow are the images I produce read by the
communities I work with? by non-local audiences?
What are the implicit messages [or baggage] of images I or others use? What about context?
Does use of image supplant or transform the knowledge it purports to document?
Does or can recording of traditional knowledge through image serve the communities from which it comes?
Thanks to–the many people in a variety of communities with
whom I have used image and produced images and videos especially Art Mathews Jr, Pat and Lucy Namox, Olive Ryan, Pete Muldoe, Beverley Anderson, Mida Donnessey, Leda Jules, Mary and William Teya, Alestine Andre and Bertha Francis
the colleagues with whom I’ve had fruitful discussions about these issues, particularly Chris Fletcher, Craig Campbell, and Alestine Andre
the various funders who have made my work possible [NNADAP, Canadian Circumpolar Institute, SSHRC, Jacobs Foundation, Athabasca Research Fund, Gwich’in Renewable Resource Board]