An easy way to learn upper limb muscles

C. Riedinger An easy way to learn musclesC. Riedinger An easy way to learn muscles

Muscles of the arm

Anterior Posterior

(musculocutaneous nerve) (radial nerve)

tricepsbrachii

anconeus

brachialis

coracobrachialisbiceps brachii

lateral headlong head

medial head

short headlong head

name meaning body part layer / location origin insertion nerve supply blood supply function

biceps brachii biceps of the arm arm anterior, superficial

long head: supraglenoid tubercle of scapula (through sleeve of synovial tissue in

intertubercular /bicipital groove of humerus, short head: coracoid process, joins long head midway down arm

via common tendon into the bicipical tuberosity of radius. Medial side:

via bicipital aponeurosis into deep fascia of medial forearm and subcutaneous border of ulna

musculocutaneous brachial artery

supinator of forearm when elbow is flexed, flexes elbow in fully supinated position.

Shoulder: stabilises and minor flexion

brachialis muscle of the arm armanterior, intermediat

e

distal half of anterior humeral shaft and medial intermuscular

septum

via strong tendon into coronoid process of

ulnamusculocutaneous radial recurrent

artery flexor of elbow

coracobrachialis muscle of the arm and coracoid process arm anterior,

deep

tip of coracoid process of scapula (with short head of biceps)

medial aspect midshaft of humerus musculocutaneous brachial artery

adducts shoulder (to hold things under arm), weak flexor of shoulder

joint

triceps brachii muscle of arm with three heads arm

posterior, single muscle

long head: infraglenoid tubercle of scapula, lateral and medial head: posterior surface of humerus, medial head in lateral groove

tendon to olecranon process of ulna radial nerve deep brachial

artery extends elbow

anconeous muscle attached to elbow

forearm / arm

posterior, superficial

posterior aspect of lateral epicondyle of

humeruslateral side of olecranon radial nerve assists extension of

elbow


Muscles of the forearm (anterior side)

Superficial and intermediate layer

(all median nerve but FCU which is ulnar nerve)

flexor carpi ulnaris (FCU)

flexor digitorum superficials (FDS)

ulnarhead

pronator teres

flexor carpi radialis (FCR)

brachioradials(see post. forearm,radial nerve)

head of ulna:

trochlearnotch

coracoid process of ulna

olecranon

name meaning body partlayer /

locationorigin insertion nerve supply blood supply function

pronator teres cylindrical pronator forearm anterior, superficial

CFO and distal part of the supradcondylar

ridge of humerus, deep: medial aspect of

coronoid process of

ulna

maximum convexity of radius at midpoint of lateral aspect of bone (I.e. halfway along forearm, midshaft, roughening of lateral

surface)

median nerveulnar and radial

arterypronates the forearm, (also flexes elbow)

flexor carpi radialisflexor of carpal

bones on radial side forearm anterior, superficial CFO

bases of the 2nd and 3rd metacarpals

median nerve ulnar artery

with FCU to flex wrist, with radial extensors to abduct the wrist, stabilises wrist

palmaris longus long palmar muscle forearm anterior, superficial CFO

palmar aponeurosis, superficial tendon adherent to flexor retinaculum

median nerve ulnar artery tenses palmar fascia and flexes the wrist

flexor carpi ulnarisflexor of carpal bones on ulnar side forearm anterior,

superficial

CFO and medial margin of olecranon process of

ulna

pisiform (=sesamoid bone in its tendon!) with extension to hook of hamate (pisohamate ligament) and base of 5th metacarpal (pisometacarpal

ligament), and aspect of flexor retinaculum

ulnar nerve ulnar artery adducts and flexes the wrist

flexor digitorum

superficialis

superficial flexor of fingers forearm

anterior, intermediat

e

humeral head: ant aspect of medial epicondyle of humerus via CFO, ulnar head: coronoid process of ulna, also: extended origin from

radius

4 tendons through carpal tunnel for fingers 25. Tendon inserts at base of

middle phalanx. Decussation on lateral and medial aspects of proximal phalanges for FDP tendons to pass

through

median nerve ulnar artery

strong flexor of wrist and fingers (not distal interphalangeal joint), weak flexor of elbow

(palmaris longus not drawn)

MEDLAT

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Muscles of the forearm (anterior side 2)

Deep layer

(all median nerve but FDP, which is 1/2 ulnar nerve)

pronator quadratus

flexor digitorum profundus (FDP)flexor pollicis

longus

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Muscles of the forearm (posterior side)

Superficial layerbrachioradialis

MED LAT MED LAT

extensor carpi radialislongus (ECRl)

extensor carpi radialisbrevis (ECRb)

(radial nerve)

(All post. interosseous branch of radial nerve, except brachioradialis which is radial nerve proper.)

Extensor carpiulnaris (ECU)

Extensor digitiminimi (EDM)

Extensor digitorumcommunis (EDC)

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Muscles of the forearm (posterior side 2)

Deep layer

supinator

MED LAT

abductor pollicis longus

extensor indicis

(All post. interosseous branch of radial nerve)

extensor pollicislongus

extensor pollicis brevis

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Muscles of the hand (palmar/anterior side)

dorsal expansion:

dorsal interossei (DAB = abduct, bipennate)

FDP tendon

lumbricals (ulnar one nearly always multipennate, others unipennate, depends on which nerve supplies them!

palmar interossei (PAD=adduct, unipennate)

EDC

(all me)


Muscles of the hand (palmar/anterior side, eminences)

Thenar eminence Hypothenar eminence:

(does not need adductor since it has interossei)

Abductor pollicis brevis (always median)

name meaning body partlayer /

locationorigin insertion nerve supply blood supply function

adductor pollicis adductor of thumb hand

thenar

eminence,

deep

transverse: anterior body

of 3rd metacarpal,

oblique: bases of 2nd

and 3rd metacarpals

and adjacent trapezoid

and capitate bones

medial side of the base

of the proximal phalanx

of thumb

ulnar nerve (deep

motor branch)depp palmar arch adducts thumb

abductor pollicis

brevisabductor of thumb hand

thenar

eminence,

lateral

transverse carpal

ligament, scaphoid and

trapezium

radial base of proximal

phalanx of thumb and

thumb extensors

median nervesuperficial palmar

archabducts thumb

flexor pollicis brevis short thumb flexor hand

thenar

eminence,

medial

trapezoid, flexor

retinaculum

thumb, proximal

phalanxmedian nerve

superficial palmar

archflexes thumb

opponens pollicisopposing muscle of

thumbhand

thenar

eminence,

deep

trapezium and

transverse carpal

ligament

metacarpal bone of

thumb on its radial sidemedian nerve

superficial palmar

arch

moves thumb against

little finger

abductor digiti minimiabductor of little

fingerhand

hypo

thenar

eminence,

superficial

pisiformbase of proximal

phalanx of little finger

ulnar nerve (deep

motor branch)ulnar artery abducts little finger

flexor digiti minimi

(brevis)flexor of little finger hand

hypo

thenar

eminence

hamate bone

ulnar side of base of

proximal phalanx of

little finger

ulnar nerve (deep

motor branch)ulnar artery flexes little finger

opponens digiti minimi

opposing muscle of

little finger (places

against sth else)

handhypothenar

eminence

hook of hamate and

flexor retinaculum

medial border of 5th

metacarpal

ulnar nerve (deep

motor branch)ulnar artery

moves little finger

against thumb

Opponens digiti minimiOpponens pollicis

Flexor pollicis brevis

Adductor pollicis

Abductor digiti minimi

Flexor digiti minimi brevis

(whole muscles

visible on hand:)

An easy way to learn upper limb muscles

Health & Medicine

Transcript of An easy way to learn upper limb muscles