Annals of Library Science and Documentation1981, 28(1-4), 103-116

AN ASSESSMENT OF REPROGRAPHICRESOURCES IN INDIAN AGRICULTURALUNIVERSITY LmRARIES

Describes the importance 0 f reprographyin modern Zibray~es and documentation centres.Gives an acco irtt: of reproqx-aphio services of 12Indian agricultural university l.ibrar-iee : Anaccount of equipment, budget, service charges,staff position and problems of these librariesare given. A few proposals fOI' the improvementof x-eproqraphi.c facilities are i.ncl.ided,

INTRODUCTI ONAgricultural universities in India are

based on an entirely new pattern where educationand training are imparted according to the needsand resources available. Unlike other univer-sities, it became imperative to create all thethree services of education, research and exten-sion and integrate them in such a way so as tohelp the community in its total economic upliftand in the raising of their living standards.The integrated approach, wherever it has rightlybeen implemented, has produced wonderful resultsand played an eminent role in green revolution.

Without t~~,.library and information faci-lities, researt"a~d teachi aq__activlties arelike fighting without arms. That is why increas-1ng emphasis is being laid for the establishmentof well-equipped libraries with all the moderngadgets which can be used to facilitate thequick supply of relevant and latest information.~~ong the various library equipment, reprogra-phic ones are getting increasing importance dayby day. Not only the libraries but also manyother public and private institutions have alsoset up their reprographic units. Reprographicshops are now seen in all the big cities nearcourts, passport offices, academic and researchinstitutions. The increasing popularity andrecognition of reprographic techniques are dueto their role in the dissemination of knowledgethrough duplication of documents. All the rele-

Vol 28 Nos 1-4 (Mar-Dec) 1981

r.v. MALJiANJASBIR KAURDepartment of Library SciencePunjab UniversityChandigarh-760014

vant information useful for a researcher can becui led out from piles of documents and be madeavailable to him as duplicate copies right onhis working desk, laboratory, residence or atthe place where he/she is conducting the fieldwork. This technological development has alsofacilitated the exchange of data among variousinstitutions and individuals working at far offplaces. Reprographic techniques have ensured thesafe preservation of old archival mAterials andrare manuscripts in suitable forms. A consider-able amount of shelf space is saved by micro-forms which can be read by suitable microformreaders and converted to hard copies.

There is a growing controversy almost inevery campus regarding the provision of repro-graphic services. What should be the procedure,how much amount is to be charged for differentkinds of services, who is entitled for the faci-1ity, whether the servi ces are to be l.imited forthe institution's clientele or other institu-tions are also to be served, whether there aresufficient equipment compatible to the clientele'sneeds, how the reprographic section is to beplanned, what sort of machinery is to be acquir-ed and staff appointed, etc. are some of theprotrlems puzzling the administrators and requirean immediate solution.

The present study is an attempt for theassessment of reprographic resources in Indianaqr icultura 1 untversity 1ibrari es. Assessmentof resources is an essential accessary for de-tecting gaps, wrong pol icies and practices andhence helps in planning, ensufiHJ a unifonn codeof practice and improvement of services. Italso reveals what kind of equipment 'are availa-ble 'where, whether they are being properly uti-lized, what ;s the level of comparative progressmade by different institutions in providing ser-v;c~s, what are the problems faced by t~aod

103

MALHAN & KAUR

consequently provides a basis for newly estab-lished institutions to avoid all such problemsand to ensure efficient organization and better.services.

In order to assess the resources ofIndian agricultural university libraries, aquestionnaire was circulated to all the agricul-tural university libraries. The Punjab Agricul-tural University Library which has a well-equipped reprographic unit was personally visi-ted by the authors. Out of the 21 agriculturaluniversities, only 12 responded, the rest didnot send back the questionnaires despite repeat-ed reminders. Out of 12 responding universitiesthe Kerala Agricultural Uni~ersity informedthat they did not have any centralized libraryand that the different constituent colleges ofthe University had their own arrangements. Thestudy, therefore, reflects the sample of elevenuniversities only.

RESULTS OF THE SURVEYOut of the responding universities,those

which were established in the early sixties arewell equipped with reprographic facilities. ThePanjab Agricultural University Library has oneof the best reprographic units with sufficientmodern equipment and trained staff to serve theneeds of the users. The G.B.Pant University ofAgr.iculture and Technology closely follows PAUpattern for rendering r~prographic services toresearchers. The. recentlyesta~1.ished universi-ties (1976-1977) l.e.NOUAT, Faizabad , U.P. andGAU, Gujarat are in the developmental stagesand as such not having sufficient resources toprovide reprographic services. Their faculty ar.dresearchers are seeking the help of Indian Coun-cil of Agricultural Research for reprographicservices.

As far as reprographic equipment are con-cerned, maximum number of equipment are availa-ble at PAU, Ludhiana •. The untversi t tes .of Udai-pur, Gujarat;MAU Parbani .and NDUAT Fa'izabad donot have xerographicfacil ities, t~..:rest of allthe responding universities possess the xerogra-phic machines for providing this facility. Noneof the universities except the University ofUdaipur has the photostat machine for providing.photostat copies of documents. Among the respond-ing universities only the PAU library has equip-ment like thermofax, flexo-writer, and microfilm-ing and microfiche facilities. Only PAU, ~udhi-ana and HAU, Hissar have facilities of diazo-printing, microfilming. They have also reader-re-enlarger and micro-card readers. Only PAU,Ludhiana and RAU, Bihar have the electronicstencil cutting machines. Universities of MAU,Parbani; GBPUAT, Pantnagar; ARU, Bihar and VAS,

104

TABLE IList of Univepsities responded and not Pesponded

a Lorupai. th abbre viabion«

Universities responded Not responded1. Gujarat Agricultural 1. Tamil Nadu Agri-

University (GAU) cultura 1 Univer-si ty (TNAU)

2. Kerala AgriculturalUniversity (KAU) 2. Punjabrao Krishi

Vidyapeeth (PKV)3. Rajendra Agricultu-

ral University (RAU) 3. Orissa Universityof Agriculture and

4. Jawahar Lal Nehru Technology (OUAT)Krishi Vishwa Vid-yalaya (JNKVV) 4. Mahatma Phule

Krishi U~iversity5. G.B.Pant University (MPKV)

of Agriculture andTechnology (GBPUAT) 5. Andhra Pradesh

Agricultural6. University of University (APAU)

Agri cultura 1Sc iences (UAS) 6. Assam Agricultural

University (AAU)7. Himachal Pradesh

Krishi Vishwa- 7. Kankan KrishiVidyalaya (HPKVV) Vidyapeeth (KKV)

8. Haryana Agricultu- 8. Bidhan Chandraral University Krishi Vishwa(HAU) Vidyalaya (BCKW)

9. University of 9. ChandrashekharUdaipur (UU) Azad UniversityPanjag Agricultu-

of Agriculture and10. Technology (CAUAT)

ral University(PAU)

11. Marathwada KrishiVidyapeeth (MKV)

12. Narendra DevUniversity ofAgri cul ture and,Technology (NDUVAT)

_ _ •• :. .- __ • _ _ u ••• _.... • I. _.

Ann Li b Sci Doc

<o-'N00

~\I>•..I~

l.,I:r

O.~•..\000•..

s·VI '

,Table 2Available equipment alO'Y/@JJiththeir .years of purehalle .atdifferent AgriauZtuml University Libraries

v

EquipmentsSl Name of the Xerox Photo- Micro- Micro- Ther- Diazo Electric Offset Flexo- Microfilm Electro- Micro- :I>NO. University stat Film- fiche mofax Print- Cutting Print- writer Reader stat card tn,

ing ing Machine ing Enlarger Copier Reader tn,."(Stencil) Machine tn

tn3:,.":z

1 PAU 1959 -- 1970 1972 1968 1968 1974 1969 1967 1970 -- 1967 -t

0

2 JNKVV 1980 .."-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --;;>:l",3 UU -- 1979 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- .";;>:l0

4 GAU -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- G);;>:l:I>

5 MAU 1976 ."-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- :::z::•...n

6 HPKVV ;;>:l

i) Pa1ampur 1973 ,."-- --. -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- tn0

ii) Solan 1975 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- c:::;;>:ln

7 NDUAT -- -- -- -- -- ",-- -- -- -- -- -- -- tn

8 GBPUAT 1972 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 1977

9 HAU 1973 -- -- -- -- 1968 -- -- -- 1970 -- 19761977 I 197810 RAU 1978 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

11 UAS 1960, 1974-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

========~••••=====================~=========================================================================~================

MALHAN & KAUR

two of the responding universities. Even therest of the universities did not provide thecomplete address of various firms from wherethey acquired different types of equipments.However, a few of the universities provided thedetailed information and even supplied the namesof models of equipment they possess. Most ofthe equipment possessed by the libraries areforeign-made.

Almost all the equipment in various agri-cultural universities have satisfactory perfor-mance except in a few cases, e.g. O.E.C. Docu-ment Printer in HPKVV, remains out of order dueto lack of trained staff for handling the equip-ment. Another such case is that of PYEO RYSXerographic Type KSZ (Xerox) supplied by anIndian firm to HAU. However, the various universities reported that the foreign made equipmentare difficult to repair when they go out oforder and thus, the services remain discontinuedfor a longer period.

In all the universities the reprographicsection is located at ground floor except theUniversity of Udaipur where it is located onthe second floor near the periodical section.The universities which have compactly arrangedsections have this unit close to all thesections. Nearness to reader's collection andperiodical section seem to be the suitable loca-tion as is being followed by several universi-ties. In all the universities the xerographicunit is centralized and located in the centrallibrary except in the case of University ofAgricultural Sciences, Banga10re and KeralaAgricultural University Library. At Banga1ore,the reprographic unit is not located in thecentral library, it is located somewhere else.At Kerala University the services are decentra-Tized and provided in the constituent colleges.

The budget position of xerographic sec-tions varies from university to university. Afew of the universitie~ are satisfied with thebudgetary allocations, while the others are not.The libraries are not provided with sufficientnon-recurring finance for developing their reprographic units i.e. acqu [rinq additional equip-ment, and meeting maintenance and repair char-ges, etc. The universities are not. spending onreprography according to some set standards andfinancial allocations are made haphazardly. Somecf the universities are not even aware of theirneeds which calls for consultancy and advisefrom others.

106

TABLE 3Source of avai~ility of U2rious reprographia

equipment

SlNo Equipment Suppliers & the receiving

Un;ivers ity1. Xerox Rank Xerox U.K. (P.A.U.)

(A) Chowksi Brothers, Delhi(HAU)From Manufacturer (RAU)Graphic India,Bombay (UAS)

(B) Macneill and Magor, NewDelhi (HPKVV Palampur;GBPUAT University; JNKVVUnivers ity )

(C) Panaprint, Advani OerlikonBombay (HPKVV)

(D) Das Reprographics,Calcutta(GBPUAT)

2. Photostat Mis Macneill and Magor Ltd.,28, Kasturba Gandhi Marg,New Delhi (UU)Eastman Kodak Co. ,USA (PAU)3.·Microfilming

4. Microfiche5. Thermofax Minnesota, Minning and Manu-

facturing Corporating (PAU)6. Diazoprinting Continental Commercial Co. ,

Ltd., Del hi (PAU)7. Electric Gestetner, India (PAU)

Stencil Cut- t,

ting Machine8. Offset Print- Czetaprint Czechoslovakia

ing Machine (PAU)9. Flexowriter Friden, USA (PAU)

10. Microfilm Carl-Zeiss Jena, EastReader Enlar- Germany (PAU)ger

11. Electrostat Kecharam & Co., Delhi (MAU)Copier Kores India (USA)

12. MicrocardReader

A - Pylorys, Xerographic settype

B - Model Major 121C - PanaprintD - OCE 1250

Ann Lib Sci Doc

ASSESSMENT Of REPROGRAPHIC RESOURCES

TABLE 4

Location of l'epl'ographic units

Sl Name of the Ground First Second Near 1DNo University Floor Floor Floor

1. PAU Ludhiana Yes X X

2. JNKVV Jabalpur Yes X X AllSections

3. UU Udaipur X X Yes Periodi-calSection

4. GAU Gujarat Noresponse

5. MAU Parbani Yes X X AllSections

6. HPKVV Palampur Yes X X Librarycollec-tion

7. NDUAT Faizabad Noresponse

8. GBPUn Yes X X ReferencePantnagar Section

9. HAU Hissar Yes X X AllSections

10. RAU Bihar Yes X X

II. UAS Bangalore Yes X X LibraryCollec-tion

Only PAU library is self dependent forreprographic services. Reprographic servicesfrom other institutions are asked only if thedocument is not available at the parent library.Many of the libraries are utilizing the servicesof Indian National Scientific DocumentationCentre (INSQOC), Indian Council of AgriculturalResearch (IeAR) and Indian Ag~icuitural Researc~Institute (IARI), Delhi. The regional universi-ties e.g. University of Himachal also utilizesthe services of PAU for reprographic services.

Most of the users who ask for reprogra-phic services are the faculty members andresearch scholars. The number of undergraduatesasking for the services is negligible. Fewadministrative officers also sometimes ask forthe services. Therefore, the demand for repro-

Vol 28 Nos 1-4 (Mar-Dec) 1981

graphic services at each university campus lar-gely depends upon the faculty and researchscholars strength.

The charges fo~ reprographic servicesand rules and regulations differ from universityto university. The forms of request for repro-graphic services also vary. The PAU librarvasks the'clientele to sign an undertaking that nohard copies made by the library will be put toanycomner ct a1 'use. the copy sha 11 not be usedfor any purpose other than the declared one. AtPAU, copy supplied is restricted to only onearticle from anyone issue of a periodical, forone person. Books which are copy-righted cannotbe copied, except with the permission of thecopywright owner which must be secured in writ-ing. A few pages and diagrams from a book, canhowever be copied. The charges for xerographyvary from 50 paise to one rupee for the firstcopy and from 25 paise to 50 paise for the sub-sequent copies. Some of the universities haveseparate policies for charges for research workand for private documents. The charges for pho-tostat copies are one rupee per page. Majorityof the universities also offer their servicesto other institutions.

The reprographic unit's staff position inagricultural university libraries is quite dis-couraging. At few places e.g. JNKVV Library,Jabalpur no separate staff is provided for thereprographic section. However, at PAU Ludhianaand GBPUAT Pantnagar, the reprographic sectionis headed by professional librarians and techni-can staff is also provided to perform the vari-ous kinds of jobs. The inadequacy of staffreflects the inefficient running of reprographicsections as the readers cannot be immediatelyprovided with services due to lack of staff.Wherever only one technician is provided,'thework suffers if the employee goes on leave as nosubstitutes are provided. Handling of machineryby untrained and unqualified staff exposes it tomishandling, wasteful spending and make it out'of order in no time.

t

PROBLEMSThe various universities reported differ-

ent kinds of problems. The occasional failureof electric power troubles the PAU reprographicunit and therefore, they have demanded a separa-te power generator to ensure uninterrupted ser-vice. The HPKVV Palampur faces the difficul-ties in getting the accessories being away fromthe major cities. The Pantnagar University isdisturbed by the prohibitive service charges ofdealers. Hissar University is annoyed with theforeign made machine which cannot be repairedlocally. NDUAT Faizabad does not have suffici-ent space for providing various services and

107

MALHAN & KAUR

TABLE 5Reprography budget position

Sl Name of the Budget Budget pos itionNo, University Provision sufficient/not

sufficient

1. PAU Ludhiana No separate SufficientbudgetIncluded inthe centrallibrarybudget

2. JNKVV Jabalpur -do- No response3. UU Udaipur i) From Not sufficient

ServiceCharges

ii) Station-erybudget

4. GAU Gujarat No response5. MAU Parbani Recurring -do-

expenditureof approx.Rs.6.000annually

6. HPKVV Separate SufficientPalampur budget but

withlibrarian

7. NDUAT Faizabad No response8. GBPUAT Non-recur- No sufficient

ring approx.Rs.55.000/-

9. HAU Hissar No separate No responsebudgetIncluded inthe central1ibrarybudget

10. RAU Bihar Non-recur- SufficientringRs.15,OOO/-RecurringRs. 5,000/-

11. UAS Bangalore No response

108

TABLE 6Institutions approaahed bY' various agricultural

universities for reprographia services

Institutions ApproachedName of University ------------

INSDOC' IeAR PAU IARI

PAU LudhianaJNKVV Jabalpur Yes YesUU Udaipur Yes YesGAU Gujarat Yes YesMAU Parbani YesHPKVV Palampur Yes Yes Yes,NDUAT Faizabad YesGBPUAT Pantnagar Yes YesHAU Hissar Yes YesRAU Bihar YesUAS Bangalore Yes Yes

expanding the section. HPKVV Palampur als-odemands the replacement of its old Xerographicmachine. The work at UU Udaipur sometimes re-mains paralysed due to interruption in electricpower supply. The rest of the university libra-ries are emphatically demanding for additional

,budget, equipment and trained staff. The studyof statistics reveals that the number of req~sat PAU, having the best reprographic unit amongthe responding agricultural university librariesis decreasing though the number of scientists isincreasing with the growth of the institution.The growth of scientists usually increases thenumber of requests, but here the trend is in 'theopposite direction. This means the scientistsare either not satisfied with the services orfind some alternative from where they get ser-vices cheap or at an early date.

Table 9 also reveals that all the equip-ment are not in constant use. Some of theservices have negligible demand.

For some of the equipment, the amountbeing spent in terms of maintenance, space, etc.adequate return in terms of services is notobtained. A few of these services though demanded are not,provided due to lack of proper staff.Some of the librarians reported, "no reprogra-phic service - no problem". It is strange thatin some prestigious agricultural universities.even a single reprographic equipment for provid-ing duplicate copies of material is not availa-ble.

Ann Lib Sci Doc

ASSESSMENT OF REPROGRAPHIC RESOURCES

TABLE 7Service Cha~

----------------------------_._--Name of theUniversity

Availabil ity ofservi ce to out-side Agencies/Insti tutions

Charges

1. PAU Ludhiana Yes Microfilms: Rs.2.00 for the first ten pages andRe.l.00 for subsequent ten pages ofthe same article

Slides(35mm)Rs.2.00 per slide (negative) andRS.3.00 per slide (positive) in card-board mount.

Projection Rs.2.00 for first two pages andPrints: Re.l.00 for the subsequent two pages

of the same article. Stray prints willbe Rs.2.00 each.

Xerographic Re.l.00 for the first page and 50Copies: paise for each of the subsequent pages

of the same article. The charges forthe xerox copies of private documents,certificates etc., for the officials .of this university only will be Re.l.00for each copy of a document.Rs.4.00 per plate plus cost of paper.Offset

PrintingElectronicStencil :

Rs.4.00 per plate plus cost of paper.

2. JNKVV Jabal pur No No3. UU Udaipur Only one consti- i) Research work Xerox = SOp for 1st page

tuent colleges 30p additional pageof the University ii) Other work Xerox = 7Sp for 1st page

SOp additional page4. GAU Gujarat5. MAU Parbani Yes Xerox = SOp for 1st page

2Sp additional pageupto four copies

6. HPKVV Palampur Yes Xerox = Re.l.00 for 1st pageSOp additional page

7. NDUAT Faizabad8. GBPUAT Pantnagar Yes Xerox = Re.l.00 for 1st page= SOp addition~l copy

Photostat = Re.l.OO each copy9. HAU Hissar No Xerox: (Personal work) = Re.I.OO for 1st page= Rs.I.SO additional page

(Research work) SOp for 1st page= 25p for subsequentcopies upto five

10. RAU Bihar Yes No charges for department workXerox = Re.l.00 for 1st 2 pages

SOp additional pages11. UAS Banga lore Yes Xerox = SOp first copy

(Technical articles) = SOp additional copies.Certificates and similardocuments z 70p per page.

Vol 28 Nos 1-4 (Mar-Dee) 1981 109

MALHAN & KAUR

TABLE 8Reprographic Units and Staff,Position

Name of theUniversity

Staff Position with qualification and gradeProfessional Technical Non-Technical

t. PAU Ludhiana

2. JNKVV Jabalpur3. UU Udaipur

4. GAU Gujarat5. MAU Parbani

7. NDUAT Faizabad8. GBPUAT Pantnagar

9. HAU Hissar

10. RAU Bihar11. UAS Banga10re

One M.A .•M.Lib.Sc. Three Matric700-1600 One 600-80-1100

One 400-600One 700-1200

Three Matric/UnderMatricTwo 400-600One 350-400

No separate staff providedOne graduate withB.Lib.Sc. withexperience in Xerox550-1070

One Senior SchoolCertificate 200-360One Matric with Sc.400-600

One M.A. withM.Lib.Sc.700-1300

One Inter withCert.Lib.Sc.230-380One R.L.A. B.A.,C.Lib. 525-1050

One LibrarianOne B.Sc withPhysics600-1300

TABLE 9

Year Xerox

NUT/berof Requests for Different Reproqraphi.c Services .at. F.4ULibrary

ServicesElectronic Micro- Offset Thermofax Diazo Flexo Electro-Stencil Filming Press Printing writer stat

copier

1977-78 677 40 191978-79 523 82 1 11979-80 829 761980-81 511 27

110 Ann Lib S c i Do c

ASSESSMENT OF REPROGRAPHIC RESOURCES

In none of the universities self operat-ing automatic machines are available. Thescientists themselves have to approach. searchthe document. fill up the form. deposit theamount and again come back to receive the docu-ment after some period.

Reprographic technology is fast develop-ing and very sophisticated equipment are beingdeveloped or are in the process of development.There is no scheme for the replacement andimprovement of equipment. Consequently, thesedevelopments are not utilized for the serviceof users due to lack of resources.

In India sufficient number of equipmentare not developed and produced. Therefore. thelibraries have to acquire them from other devel-oped countries which not only involve foreignexchange but also problems of repair of equip-ment at a later stage when they go out of order.

There is considerable growth of researchand development activities and consequently ofpaper work but growth of reprographic facilitiesare not keeping pace with it.

The recurring needs of spare parts. spe-cial duplicating paper. and other materials arenot readily fulfilled and as such regularity ofservices is disturbed.

Resear.chers are not consci ous of repro-graphic services. so very few requests are madeto the libraries. Agricultural Universitieshave not set up the upto-date reprographic uni~wh ich may ca ter to mos t of the dema nds of theresearchers and facilitate the continuity ofthe service.PROPOSALS1. The various reprographic equipment may

be acquired after the assessment ofuser's needs. The records maintained atall established old universities mayprovide some clues as to the popularservices. Such an assessment will helpto acquire only those equipment. whichwill be really useful.

2. Though every university has the rightto decide according to its convenienceyet uniformity of practices will help tobring order in chaos. All the agricul-tural universities may draft uniformcharges for the var10ys servi(2s. Suchcharges should be based on no ~ofit noloss basis. rather they should be subsi-dized by additional budgetary provisionsas the scientists are usually not gettingsufficient amount for contingencies and

Vol 28 Nos 1-4 (Mar~Oec) 1981

3

sometimes they have to spend fromthe ir own pocke ts.A service contract with ·the firm may beensured while purchase of any equipmentis being made. since competent mechanicsfor repair are not available when anequipment goes out of order. If such acontract is not possible. one of thetechnicians from the university may bedeputed to the business fir~ to learndifferent kinds of repairs so that equip-ment may be immediately repaired wheneverthey go out of order and users may beprovided with services without any break.

4 A formula for budgetary allocations maybe developed keeping in view the usersespecially the researchers. Additionalfunds may be provided to the universitieswhich are in the developing stage so thatthey may be able to develop their repro-graphic units besides maintaining theexisting services.

5 Indian models of various reprographicequipment may be developed. For thispurpose ,('sIO.Chand iqarh, may develop themodels suitable for the Indian librariesand industries may be encouraged toundertake production. This will not onlysave a lot of foreign exchange but alsofacilitate easy and immediate repair ofequipment as the spare parts and mecha-nics will be easily available.Besides an agreement among agriculturaluniversities for reprographic services.anagreement between universities and a~ri-cultural research institutions will also6~'of help for mutual sharing of re~ro-graphi c resources and _optimum ut iliza-tion of costly equipment.There is also a need for formulating astandard for allocation of staff toreprographic unit alongwith their quali-fications and experience.

6

7

8 Allocation vf separate funds for repro-graphic services is very much essent'ial•The librarian/officer-in-charge of theunit may be empowered sufficiently fordraw;ng ana dlsbursing the -amount forproper functioning of-the machinery.For those services which are more popularmore number of machines may be provided'instead of acquiring different varietiesof reprographic equipment. For example.at PAU, Xerox is much more a popular ser-vice as compared to other services.There-

9

111

MAL HAN & KAUR

fore, another xerox machine can be acquired instead of any other category ofequipment so that the continuity of thisser.vice may be facilitated.

10 There is need of training courses forthe reprography technicians and operatorsAny organization which has got sufficientnumber of equipment to impart practical+,riUning and resources to provi de theore-tical knowledge may act as a reprographytraining centre.Inmedi ate alterna'tives may be provided Ha machine goes out of order. Reprographicmachines should not be kept non-function-al for a long period wheh they go out oforder because this practice not only re-sults in suspension of duplication facilities to researchers but also their lackof faith in the university's reprographicunit.

11

12 Operators and administrators should keepthemselves aware of the scarcity of ma-terials and likely defects well inadvance so as to ensure uninterruptedservice to the users.

13

financial provisions for purchase ofequipment and their installation. Recur-ring financial allocations may also bemade for their maintenance.

14 A union catalogue of microform holdingsof agricultural university libraries andother important research centres may beprepared',

15 The Indian Agricultural Research Insti-tute may develop a central unit which mayco-ordinate and cater to some of theneeds of all the a9ricultural universi-ties and research lnstitutions,

REFERENCES1. Datta N: Photo-duplication services~their

origin, development and some suggestionsfor Indian university libraries. LibraryHerald 1963, 6(2-3), 154-62. ,

2. Nagarajan K S: Reprography in India - astatus report. Annals of Library Scienceand Documentation 1967, 14(4), 195-205.

3. Saha J: Document reproduction - a pleafor co-operation. Library Science with aSlant to Documentation 1964. 1(1). 80-96

Appendix

QUESTIONNAIRE

(a) If yes. which of the following 'services are provided by your libt'ary?Tick ( ) whichever is applicable

i) Xeroxii) Photostat

t it ) . Microfilmingiv) Microfichev) T~rmofax

1. Name of the UniversityName of the libraryYear of Establishment

.2. Do you ,provide the Xerographic services?

112

Yes/No

Ann lib Sc i Doc

ASSESSMENT OF REPROGRAPHIC RESOURCES

vi) Diazo printingvii) Any other

(b) If no, what are the reasons?Tick ) whichever is applicable

i) Lack of fundsii) lack of trained staff

iii) Costly equipmentiv) Any other

(c) ··When and which reprographic machine was installed in the libraryMachine Year of installation

3. list of reprographic equipment available in your library along with trade name, procure-ment·source and performance .

Performance: Satisfactory/Not Sati sfactoryName Procurement/Source

A

B

C

oE

F

G

H

J

K

l

M

Vol 28 Nos 1-4 (Mar-Dee) 1981 113

MALHAN & KAUR

4. Is your reprographic section located -Tick ) whichever is applicable

(b)

i) On Ground Floorii) On First Floor

iii} On Second Flooriv) On Third Floori) Near Collection

ii ) Near Periodical Sectioniii} Near Reference Section

(a)

5. Your reprographic unit is: i) Centralizedii) Decentra 1ized _

6. Give amount of funds yearly provided in the budget f9r reprographic servicesa) Non-recurring Rs. _b) Recurring Rs. _c) Do you think the budget provision is adequate? Yes/No

7. What measures do the library undertake when a reprographic equipment goes out of order?

8. Do you approach the following agencies for reprographic services?INSDOCICAR

Yes/NoYes/No

Any other9. Indicate the extent of use of reprographic facilities by type of clientele

Most used Somewhat Used Least usedi) Undergraduates

ii) Postgraduatesiii) Faculty Membersiv) Any other

114 Ann Lib Sci Doc

ASSESSMENT OF REPROGRAPHIC RESOURCES

10. Do you provide reprographic services to institutions or individuals outside theuniversity? Yes/NoIf yes. under what conditions and terms?

II. Indicate the charges fixed for various reprographic servicesServices

123

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

12. Indicate the staff provided in the reprographic section

Charges

No.of posts Qualifications Scalei) Professional

i1) Technicaliii) Non-technical

-c '

13. Indicate any changes which need to be made in the reprographic section (Facilities/staff/budget etc.) to make the services more efficient.

i) Facilities

ii) Staff

Vol 28 Nos 1-4 (Mar-Dee) 1981 115

MALHAN & KAUR

iii) Budget

14. Indicate problems, if any, regarding the functioning of reprographic unit.

(Thanks"for your co-operation)

116 Ann Lib Sci Doc