-AN ARCHITECTURAL EXPERIENCE THROUGH NATURAL LIGHT

LIGHT BESTOWS LIFE THROUGH OUR SENSE OF SIGHT. TOUCH. AND SPIRIT.

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BOYS AND GIRLS YOUTH CLUB

A Center Focused or1 Teens

by Esther Acosta

A THESIS IN ARCHITECTURE

Submitted to the Architecture faculty of the College of Arch itect ure of Texas Tech University in

partial Fulfillment for the degree of

ARCH 4395 Programming Instructor Prof. D. Driskill

Accepted

ii 1 9 6 3, 5 5 3 5 I L £ t £'.!k 7

Dean College of Architect ure

I dedicate this to my loving parents, Raul and Trini Acosta, for instilling their

spirit in me which guides, educates, and supports me throughout all my life. I

thank them, my sister Terrie, my friend Anna Causey, my aunt Femia, and my

loving grandmother Maria for their financial support that has helped me greatly

with my college expenses. I thank Jimmy for easing t he pressure in typing this

program for me. I also thank my best friend Dolores who has been very close to me,

supported me, and had been a special friend throughout my education. I especially

thank Rick for his personal guidance, love, patience, and talent that motivated

and encouraged me to go on with my education. Thank you for being there when I

needed you.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS~

ABSTRACT

CONCEPTUAL ISSUE

FACILITY ISSUES • Potential Design Response

• Activity/Spatial Analysis

• Space Relationships

CONTEXTUAL ISSUES

• Psychological Context • Natural Context

• Cultural Context

• Built Context

SPACE SUM MARY

BIBLIOGRAPHY

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ABSTRACT:

THESIS

Light presents existence and the

opportunity to enrich our human initiative by

its life giving energy. This energy can be

harnessed through architecture to express the

presence of human act ivities of freedom.

creativity and play.

FACILITY TYPE

BOYS and GIRLS YOUTH CLUB

A center focused on creating a positive influence on teens.

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CONTEXT STATEMENT:

This facility will be in El Paso, Texas in

the Ysleta district. El Paso is in close

boundaries with Juarez, Mexico and New

Mexico. Juarez is easily seen across the Rio

Grande where as New Mexico has no visual

separation and is seen as part of the city.

Therefore, El Paso has strong cultural ties

with both Mexico and New Mexico. The Franklin

Mountains which are seen in the heart of El

Paso distinguish this city most. Ysleta is said

to be the oldest town in Texas. It is known for

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its historical sites of t he Ysleta mission and

the Tigua Indian Reservation. The Ysleta

district is an area that consists of many low

income famil ies with a great need of

environmental development. It is also in this

area where t he dropout rate is most high

among students. For these reasons the site

was chosen in this area .

PROJECT SCOPE:

This facility will fit 300 youth members in

a total area of approx. 24,105 sq.ft. It will

consist of a Gymnasium for basketball and

volleyball. This facility will also hold an Arts and

Crafts room, a Dance room, a Computer room,

a Martial Arts/Weight lifting/Boxing room, a

Snack Bar, a Game room, a Lounging area, a

Gaflery and a Multipurpose room. The facility

will also have areas for the running and up

keeping of the center. A park area will st.trround

the facility and include areas for Basketball

courts, a Soccer field, and a Baseball field.

... CONCEPTUAL ISSUES

Light

The presence of light brings illuminated

objects to life. Each morning brings light and

with it comes a sense of excitement and living.

As the night grows near that excitement and

sense of life diminishes. When a space

encompasses light, it promotes electricity and

excitement. The presence of light releases

primal yearnings and impulses of hope and

inspiration. According to Bachelard it appears

to have "Vigilance," as he states, "A lighted

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it :.- · *-".1 z :.-*it:I: C7 7 :..- ::>. . ,,,_.,, .;-) : 111:11.u •• !! ~*u I: ;tt/St-Ouen (Rouen,France) : Colored llghl on pier

window at night 'is waiting', so that through it's

light alone, the house becomes human. It seeks

like a man. It is an eye opened at night."

Henry Plummer stated that light on a

surface can be seen as energy experienced as a

"sensed motion-in-place, a movement-at-rest,

and as breathing activity that is also relaxed."

A space can then be seen as inheriting emotion

by its "optical charge" and existence both

"perceptually and artistically."

Sunlight can be the greater existence of

lights. Its energy will not only generate action

or feeling, but can also store this energy into

material and later be released. Plummer

further states that a nonorganic material such

as a rock absorbs the sunlight and is

stimulated by its energy by warming up and

expanding. An organic material absorbs and

captures its daily light and grows as t ime

passes. The energy absorbed is then released

when eaten by animals and people. Thus,

passing its energy through humans.

He continues to state that the most

light sensitive parts of the body are the eyes.

When lit up by light, the eyes sparkle with

awareness and alertness of our surrounding

world . The eyes, touched by light, express the

ability to feel and think.

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"Natural light carries the very inspiriting

energy-the vital spark which is the mainstay of

all life on earth. It is difficult to say how much

of our sense of luminous things as 'animate'

and 'presencing' is contributed by this biological

power.11 (Plummer)

Light is seen as energy which transfers

feelings of excitement, hope, inspiration, and

causes us to feel and think. Thus, a space,

illuminated with natural light, withholds life,

emotion, and intelligence. Therefore, natural

light will be integrated throughout the facility

providing architecture with all the

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A+ U E87 I 2 Poetics of Listhl 129 311~1'*1il Detail of celling.

characteristics of light and deliver inspiration

and awareness to youths.

Potential Design Response:

• Materials that can transfer natural light

into the facility will be used. The entrance

will display a sense of energy and movement

in teens when entering the facility by using

large glass windows and sky lights to

stimulate youths with all the

characteristics of light,

• The Gymnasium will also consist of

skylights and windows for viewing the

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outdoors. This will allow the natural light

and its energy illuminate the space and give

the overwhelming size of a gymnasium a

warmer and comfort feeling.

• The Gallery in the lobby will consist of

indirect natural lighting for the protection

of the displayed art work. The light will be

subdued, yet it will be enough to stimulate

and inspire the viewer when studding a

display of creative works done by teens.

• Comfort will be expressed in the lounging

area by using large windows that will provide

a view of the outdoors and the presence of

the north light. The large windows will

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display an openness to the space and

influence the awareness of the nature

outdoors. This space, surrounded by nature

and the north light, will stimulate one to feel

and think and be seen as a space for

meditation.

• In the administration offices, defused

natural lighting will be administered to

provide adequate lighting for the work

space. The defused light will be a

stimulating light that will bring energy and

motion into the space. This energy can then

influence the administration and then be

passed onto the teachings of the youths.

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• The computer room, arts/crafts, and

multipurpose rooms, will consist of large

amounts of glass that will admit indirect

natural light into the space. This illuminated

space will express enlightenment and

awareness, and influence teens to feel and

think as they work.

• Areas where the activities consist of

weight lifting, martial arts, boxing, and

dance will also consist of indirect natural

light. The indirect natural light will instill a

sense of energized matter into the space to

evoke motion and activity.

• The snack bar and game room areas will

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also consist of large amounts of glass and

indirect lighting. Its light will stimulate the

human practice of living and influence

socialization within the space. Therefore,

creating a teen society.

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FACILllY ISSUES

Image

A need for creating a symbolic meaning

through this facility is important. This

commun ity needs a source of pride to

reestablish the fact that they have self worth .

This facility will not only provide a place where

teens get together but it will also act as an

icon in the community. It will be seen as an icon

by giving teens a memorable space t hat

expresses significance and importance of a

society.

3::o>&I/ Jardin du Roi.

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In fog.

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'4 'I ;:t <'7t/ Slfted light

llo>*f)' •':nlti. ( ?> ?C/ Light lrickllng tlYough chestnut trees.

According to Ladislao Vicencio and Raul

Martinez from community centers in El Paso,

teens are a llured t o outdoor activities more

than indoor. Therefore, nature will play an

important part of this facility.

Roger Trancik states that the creation of a

symbolic space is formulated by a space

stimulating our senses, a space being pleasing

to us, and recognized as an important element

in our lives. Therefore, it can be acknowledged

as a monumental space. The articulation

between man and its need for open space and

nature expresses the message of a symbolic

space.

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Therefore, nature will be emphasized by the

bringing of natural materials into the facility

such as rock, sand, water, and plants. The

integration of these natural materials will

interact with the facility by allowing nature to

penetrate throughout the facility and provide

windows for views and access to the outdoors.

Thus, providing a connection between man and

nature. Nature expressing a meaningful space,

giving presence, and promoting dignity and

pride in the area.

"Space rather than signs should

communicate the values of a culture."

Roger Trancik

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Facili

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Promote Social Interaction

Interaction is a basis necessity of

society in how we as human beings

communicate with one another. Through

interaction we form organizations that fulfill

our inner desires to belong. Thus, having our

place in society.

Potential Design Response:

Interaction within the facility can be

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provided by the articulation of spaces.

• One method of articulating a space to

provide interaction can be introduced by

positioning a space within a &pace. This will

provide direct interaction of two activity

spaces and provide view and social contact

of the inner activity space.

• The interlockinq of spaces will provide an

overlapping of spaces and create an area of

$hared spape. Thus, influencing interaction

within that shared space.

• By placing spaces pdjacent to each other it

allows each space to retain its individuality

but still depend on its connecting plane. The

connecting plane separates and brings each

space together. This provides an informal

interact ion through the sharing of a

connecting plane.

• One other method in providing interaction

can be accomplished by 5pace5 linked by a

common 5pace. This can be done by linking

two spaces, at a distance, together by

adding a third space between. The third

space will be shared by both spaces. Thus,

creating social contact between two spaces

by the participation of the intermediate

space.

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• The relationship of paths and spaces can

also provide areas of interaction. Paths

that lead us to spaces can provide a place

of interaction within the path. One way of

creating direct interaction between teens is

by allowing paths penetrate throuqh spaces.

These possibilities will provide areas of

interaction within the facility by influencing

teens to exercise the role of an adult society

by creating teen socialization.

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2. INTJ~\J"'OCIUNG SPACES

.i}. SPACl~S J.JNI~EU H1r .A C01t0f ON SJ>J\.CJ~

2. B\SS THl\OUHH

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• In cul;bn~ throu1l1 -:a ~

f 3Hcrn~ or rGPC a11J

(Architecture: Form, Space, and Order)

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- -SPATIAL ANALYSIS

Place of Entry

The Entry should be pleasing, accessible

from the parking lot, and it should present an

inviting atmosphere for teens. Therefore, a view

of activities functioning in the center should be

seen to promote physical action and an active

teen society. Administration offices should

also be seen upon entering to promote the

close interaction between adults and teens.

The Entry will consist of 1,284 sq.ft. (Time­

Saver Standard) which includes a Lobby, a

Lounging area, a Reception desk, and a Gallery

to provide an atmosphere of socialization. It

will express the articulation of instilling positive

values in a positive environment t hat

symbolizes dignity and pride among teens.

The Gallery consists of 484 sq.ft. (Time­

Saver Standard) that will display art made by

teens of the area expressing cultural

awareness of the arts. An equipment and art

storage consisting of 30sq.ft. (Time-Saver

Standard) will be provided in this area. The

Reception desk of 48sq.ft. (Time-Saver

Standard) will need to be easily seen when

entering the building. It will provide all

information of the facility, the registering of all

the activities, and allow viewing of the overall

facility.

Entry

Lobby/

Gallery!

Recep

Lounge

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Place of Recreation

Recreational activities give youths the

opportunities of social interaction and the

encouragement of physical and mental

challenge that can fulfill the needs of today's

teens by self confidence, achievements, social

belonging, and satisfaction. The type of

physical recreation provided by this facility,

both indoors and outdoors, are those most

common in the Ysleta District. According to

Ladislao Vicencio and Raul Martinez from

community centers in that area, it will consist

of baseball, soccer, basketball, volleyball, weight

lifting, martial arts, and boxing. According to

the Time-Saver Standards, an outdoor

Baseball field will consist of 18,415 sq. ft. The

Soccer field will consist of 90,000 sq. ft. A

Gymnasium of 10,072 sq. ft. will hold seating of

350 people. It will consist of two basketball

courts that will convert into volleyball courts.

The Gymnasium will also provide for activities

such as recitals, lectures, and movies. A

storage of 60 sq. ft. will also be provided for

equipment in this area. The Weight

Lifting/Boxing/Martial Arts room will consist of

.1,849 sq.ft. with an equipment storage of 30

sq.ft. In reference to the John W. Wilson Boys

and Girls Club of Lubbock, the two outdoor

Basketball courts will consist of 4000 sq.ft.

that will also convert into two Volleyba ll courts.

Gym! ···:::"" Recital

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Soccer Field

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A Place for Creativity

Cultural awareness is also a vital part of

the self actualization of youths and community

life. To play a vital role in the growth and

development of their community, there is a

need to inform our youth of their cultural

background, its acknowledgments, and

capabilities. This can be accomplished by giving

them opportunities to exercise their creativity.

Thus, providing them with arts and craft's

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activities such as painting, drawing, sculpture

making, ceramics, and dance. This Arts and

Crafts room of 900 sq. ft., (John W. Wilson

Boys and Girls Club) will include areas for

tables and chairs for such activities, lockers,

cabinets, a sink, and an area for the instructor.

This room will also have a storage space for

equipment of 30 sq. ft., according to Time­

Saver Standards. The Dance room, which will

also act as an aerobics room, will consist of

1,250 sq. ft., (J.W.W. B.&G.C.) which will include

a small platform for the instructor. This room

will also include a storage for audio equipment

of 30 sq., ft. (Time-Saver Standard).

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Place for Growth

Teens, from the ages' 12 to 18, are in a

transformation period from childhood to

maturity. The teen period is a time of struggle

of finding out what he or she wants to be with

the possibil ities being infinite. A teenager

needs to experience adulthood, independence,

and real responsibilities of real life. Therefore,

an area in this facility will be provided for teens

where the opportunities of adulthood can be

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experienced with the guidance of adults. This

area wi ll be a Multipurpose room that will

consist of 2,072 sq. ft. (graphic standards).

This room wil l allow teens to be involved in

commun ity discussions and activities which

offer teens the freedom of expression, such as

banquets of achievements, parties, and other

activities. The Multi~rpose room will one room

of 281x741 for large activities, or i;an be divided

into two smaller rooms by a size of 281

x371

to

increase the quantity of rooms. An equipment

storage room of 30 sq. ft. (Time-Saver

Standard) for this area will also be provided.

A Computer room of 285 sq. ft. (J.W.W. B&GC)

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will give teens up-to-date information and self

enhancement. It will also consist of a storage

for computer equipment of 30 sq.ft. (Time­

Saver Standards) and an area for an

instructor.

Place for Socialization

Teens' need areas of socialization

with people of their own age group to express

and exchange ideas and be an active, culturally

aware society. The realms that express teen

socialization are in the Snack Bar, and Game

room. The Snack Bar will consist of a small

kitchen for snacks, an area for sitting, and a

storage of 30 sq.ft. (Time-Saver Standards) .

The Game room will include a variety of games

such as pool and table tennis, with a storage of

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30 sq.ft. (Time-Saver Standard) for game

equipment. This area should be close to an

administration office for supervision.

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BILLIARDS

Billiard lable size 5'-3" 19'·5" ___ ,,,

TABLE TENNIS

Tennis lablc size 5'·0" 1 g•.o· __ __... _ _..

Game Room

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Place for Administration

With adult guidance to an adult society

both teens and adults can work together by

providing teens to take a part in the running

and the teaching of activities in the facility.

Teens will gain a responsibility to one another.

Thus, creating teen awareness and adult

learning by playing the role of an adult.

A foundation of respect and cultural

importance will be expressed in the

Administrat ion Offices, Dressing/Locker rooms

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and Supply/Issue room. There will be three Administration Offices consisting of 150 sq.ft. (Graphic Standards) each . One is for the Unit Director, which is responsible in running the facility. The second one will be for the Program

Director, who is in charge of the activities in the facility. The third one is for the P.E. Director who is in charge of all athletic

activities. An office supply storage will also be

incorporated of 30 sq.ft. (Time-Saver

Standard).

The Supply/Issue room of 250 sq.ft.

(Time-Saver Standard) will provide the

administering and storage of all sports

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equipment and lockers. fhe Dressing/Locker

room will consist of 550 sq.ft. (Time-Saver

Standard) for male and female with

restrooms. !his area should be of easy access.

A Maintenance and Custodial room will also be

added for the care and maintaining of the

facility. This room will consist of 250 sq.ft.

(Time-Saver Standard) for storage of cleaning

equipment, outdoor equipment, and tools. It will

also have an area for a lavatory, a water

closet, a clothes closet, and a large door to

provide passage of motorized equipment.

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Office Layout

LOCKERS

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Locker Rm.

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- -SPACIAL RELATIONSHIPS

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INPOOR ACTIVITIES

Rest­Rm.

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OUTDOOR ACTIVITIES

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-CONTEXTUAL ISSUES

Psychological Context:

Youths are involved with violence and gangs more each year. In El Paso there has been a dramatic increase in juvenile crime.

]'ear #of Juvenile Arrest

1990 5,069

1991 5,782

1992 4,983

1993 9,509

1994 10,521

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In the years of 1993 and 1994 combined

there has been a 10.6% increase.

(El Paso Police Dept.)

Teens get a sense of belonging when involved

in gangs. An increase of teens involved in crime

is presented to us daily through the news

media. According to Alice Grey, from the

Ysleta Independent School District, most

discipline problems are from the sixth to twelve

grades. She also states that the lack of facilities, which provide recreational activities,

create opportunities for crime. Youths turning

to street violence for self esteem and

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importance presents the attention needed by

our teens today. Therefore, th is teen center will

be made available in the Ysleta Dist rict of El

Paso. It will provide a territorial presence for

teens in the area that will place them as a part

of society.

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Natural Context:

The natural context of El Paso consists of

the Chihuahua Desert to the north. The annual

percentage of rain fall consists of 8 inches,

which in the general portion falls in the months

of July, August, and September. The average

temperature high is 95 F in July to 55 F in

January. This creates a desert setting

consisting of typical desert brush and other

plants that can survive on a minimum amount

of water. The more exotic and green vegetation

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in the area belongs to residential properties.

Therefore, more green vegetation will be

incorporated. The use of trees will provide

shade from the hot summer days and allow a

more pleasing environment for outdoor

activities. The facil ity wil l be oriented to where

the access of natural light wil l come from the

north. Large overhangs and sun barriers will be

incorporated · on the south, east, and west

sides to provide shade from the hot sun.

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Cultural Context

The cultural context is the teen culture

that will inhibit the facility. A Pattern

Language defines the teen period as the time

of sexual transformation from childhood to

maturity. It is a time of self awareness and

preparation. It is also the time of a career

decision where the possibilities are endless. The

time of preparation in an adult world is a

sensitive period for teens.

This facility should not create an

institutional image. It should encourage being

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a part of society and opportunity. The facility

must give teens a miniature society of

maturity and the responsibilities of an adult

nature. Therefore, the facility will represent an

image of growth and opportunity through

vertical forms. The presence of option will be

expressed through the distinction of various

shapes on the facade. Formality and order of

playful forms will express an image as a part of

society.

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Built Context:

As mentioned in the Context Statement,

the built environment consists of middle to low

income housing, small business to large grocery

chains, and large department stores to fast

food chains. The residential and small business

areas are in need of contextual development.

Most individually owned businesses consist

of old, simplified structures designed to be put

up quickly and inexpensively. Each containing

its own presence due to the owners'

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individuality. This individuality creates a

diversity of buildings in the area. Each

business is still in need of development where

the structures may be deteriorating.

The residential area is diverse as well. Each

house creates its own identity by not following

a typical method of construction, style, or the

same amount of set backs from the street. In

some areas, residential housing has been

t urned into private businesses.

For these reasons the Ysleta District is in

serious need of community development and

beautification . Therefore, a park setting will be

incorporated in the exterior. It will consist of

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trees, grass, and rural plants to encourage the

preservation of the environment. A park setting

will help eliminate pollution, reduce noise in the

area, and influence efforts in community

participation in redevelopment.

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Q[canal

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---7' \

,.. ~·

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-SPACE SUMMARY

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SUMMARY OF ENTRY

Capacity# of Area Participants (USF)

Lobby/Lounge/ 350 1,314

Gallery Reception 2 48

Total 352 1,362

TOTAL 1362 x1.2

GSF 1634.4

-SUMMARY OF ACTIVITIES

Capacity# of Area Participants (USF)

Gym 350 10,102 Weight Lifting 63 1,849 Arts/Crafts 26 930

Dance 63 1,280 Multi Purp. 100 4,174 Computer Rm. 14 288

Total 616 18,623

TOTAL 18,623 x1.2

GSF 22,347.6

SUMMARY OF ADMINIS1RAllON

Offices Supply Issue Locker Room Custodial

lotal

USF

Capacity# of Area (USF) Participants

3 2

300 2

308

1233 x l.2

1479.6

183 250 550 250

1233

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-GRAND SUMMARY OF SPACES

Capacity# of Area

Participants (USF)

Activities 616 18,653

Administration 7 1,530

Entry 352 1,362

Activities 90 2,560

Total 1,065 24,105

TOTAL 24,105 x 1.2

GSF 28,926

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Bibliography:

• Plummer, Henry. Poetics of Light. Architecture and

Urbanism (Dec 1987)

• Day, Christopher. Places of the Soul. The Aquarian

Press, London 1990

• Alexander, Christopher. Pattern Language. Oxford

University Press, 1977

• Ching, Frances D.K. Architecture: Form Space and

Order. Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1979

• Kamm, J. Lloyd. Lighting; To Stimulate People. The

Christapher Publishing House, Boston, 1948

• Gold, Seymour M. Recreation Planning and Design.

McGraw-Hill Book Co., 1980

• Trancik, Roger. Finding Lost Space Van Nostrand

Reinhold, 1986.

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• De Chiara, Joseph; Panero, Julius; Zelik, Martin.

Time-Saver Standards for Interior Desi1:;1n and

Space Plannin1:;1. McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York,

1991.

• De Chiara, Joseph. Time-Saver Standards for

Buildinia Types. McGraw-Hill Book Co. 1973.

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PICTURE CREDITS

• Plummer, Henry. Poetics of Light

• Birren, Faber. New Horizons In Color

• Architectural Record 6/95 • Hart, Spencer. Frank Lloyd

Wright • Ching, Francis D. K.

Architecture: Form. Space & Order

• Progressive Architecture, September 1993

• El Paso graffiti photograph and city street taken by Adena Alarcon

• El Paso site photographed by Raul Acosta

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• Architectural Dieest 8190 • De Chiara, Joseph Time- Saver

Standards. • Proeressive Architecture May

1995 • Jenks, Charles Frank 0. Gehry • Proe ressive

March 1995

Architecture

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