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Transcript of An Appropriate Esclation of Cognitive Burden in Phase-I Integerated Mecicine Curriculum_OSPEs_ Dr...
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7/31/2019 An Appropriate Esclation of Cognitive Burden in Phase-I Integerated Mecicine Curriculum_OSPEs_ Dr Kumar Ponnusamy BIO-GEN INNOVISION 2012_USMLE Preparatory Re-Usabl
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7/31/2019 An Appropriate Esclation of Cognitive Burden in Phase-I Integerated Mecicine Curriculum_OSPEs_ Dr Kumar Ponnusamy BIO-GEN INNOVISION 2012_USMLE Preparatory Re-Usabl
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(Answer the following questions in one or two sentences).
A. Name the biomedical instrumentation.
(Ans: Centrifugation).
B. Name ONE biomedical application (usage ) of the instrument.
(Separation of cells / cell organales / protein / serum ect.,.).
Q . Observe the pictures of the biomedical instrumentation shown
below.
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7/31/2019 An Appropriate Esclation of Cognitive Burden in Phase-I Integerated Mecicine Curriculum_OSPEs_ Dr Kumar Ponnusamy BIO-GEN INNOVISION 2012_USMLE Preparatory Re-Usabl
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(Answer the following questions in one or two sentences).
A. Name the biomedical instrumentation.
(Ans: Electrophorosis).
B. Name ONE biomedical application (usage ) of the instrument.
(Separation of proteins / macromolecules / charged particles/ IGs).
Q . Observe the pictures of the biomedical instrumentation shown
below.
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7/31/2019 An Appropriate Esclation of Cognitive Burden in Phase-I Integerated Mecicine Curriculum_OSPEs_ Dr Kumar Ponnusamy BIO-GEN INNOVISION 2012_USMLE Preparatory Re-Usabl
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Q19. Observe the picture the patient who is suffering from
photophobia.
(Answer the following questions in one or two sentences).
A. Name the likely congenital defect of the patient. (Albinism /Oculocutaneous albinism)
B. Name the enzyme deficiency associated with the patients
disorder. (Tyrosinase).
Dr PK & JK Bio-Gen 2012
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7/31/2019 An Appropriate Esclation of Cognitive Burden in Phase-I Integerated Mecicine Curriculum_OSPEs_ Dr Kumar Ponnusamy BIO-GEN INNOVISION 2012_USMLE Preparatory Re-Usabl
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(Answer the following questions in one or two sentences).
A. Name the possible metabolic disorder of the above patient (Ans:
Gout syndrome).
B. Name ONE biochemical test will be helpful to diagnose the clinicalcondition. (Serum uric acid / CRP ect.,.).
(Or)
C. Name the possible drug of choice to treat this clinical condition.
Ans: Allopurinol.
Q14. Observe the pictures of the patient presented below.
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7/31/2019 An Appropriate Esclation of Cognitive Burden in Phase-I Integerated Mecicine Curriculum_OSPEs_ Dr Kumar Ponnusamy BIO-GEN INNOVISION 2012_USMLE Preparatory Re-Usabl
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2. Note the signs and symptoms of BA and LA severely retarded, institutionalizedbrothers suffering from a typical inborn errors of amino acid metabolism.
(Answer the following questions in one or two sentences).A. Name the likely clinical condition of the patient.
(Ans: Phenylketonuria).
A. Name ONE management option to treat this disorder.
(Ans: Diet devoid of phenylalanine).
Dr PK & Ms Jega Bio-Gen 2012
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7/31/2019 An Appropriate Esclation of Cognitive Burden in Phase-I Integerated Mecicine Curriculum_OSPEs_ Dr Kumar Ponnusamy BIO-GEN INNOVISION 2012_USMLE Preparatory Re-Usabl
7/31Dr PK & Ms Jega Bio-Gen 2012
1.56-year-old postmenopausal female with sudden onset of acute pain in her right toeand knee as shown in the picture. The patient reported that she has had 3 previousepisodes of the same symptoms lasting 4-5 days and treated by ED physicians. PMHxHTN treated with thiazide diuretic and patient is trying to lose weight and currently onthe Atkins diet. BP 138/86 BMI 32 PE remarkable for swollen and tender right great toe
and knee. UA 8.3mg/dL, aspiration of her knee demonstrated cell count of 15K.
A). Name ONE metabolic serum biomarker of the patients clinical condition. (1mark). Ans: Uric acid estimation.
B). Name ONE drug of choice which acts as a competitive inhibitor of xanthineoxidase will be helpful for the treatment of the patient. (1mark).Ans: Allopurinol.
(Or)
C). Name any TWO complications associated with thepatients pathology / noncompliance. (1mark).
Ans: Renal failure, ARF can be caused by hyperuricemia,chronic urate nephropathy, nephrolithiasis, Joint deformityand recurrent gout.
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7/31/2019 An Appropriate Esclation of Cognitive Burden in Phase-I Integerated Mecicine Curriculum_OSPEs_ Dr Kumar Ponnusamy BIO-GEN INNOVISION 2012_USMLE Preparatory Re-Usabl
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Q20. A newborn baby characterized by very high levels of
unconjugated bilirubin in the blood and by yellow staining and
degenerative lesions in the cerebral gray matter under treatment.
(Answer the following questions in one or two sentences).
A. Name the likely clinical condition the patient is suffering (1 mark).(Ans: Neonatal jaundice).
B. Name the enzyme deficiency associated with this clinical condition.
(Ans: UDP-Glucuronyl Transferase (UDP-GT) deficiency).
Fluorescent light.
Dr PK & Jega Bio-Gen 2012
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7/31/2019 An Appropriate Esclation of Cognitive Burden in Phase-I Integerated Mecicine Curriculum_OSPEs_ Dr Kumar Ponnusamy BIO-GEN INNOVISION 2012_USMLE Preparatory Re-Usabl
9/31Dr PK & Ms Jega Bio-Gen 2012
1.56-year-old postmenopausal female with sudden onset of acute pain in her right toeand knee as shown in the picture. The patient reported that she has had 3 previousepisodes of the same symptoms lasting 4-5 days and treated by ED physicians. PMHxHTN treated with thiazide diuretic and patient is trying to lose weight and currently onthe Atkins diet. BP 138/86 BMI 32 PE remarkable for swollen and tender right great toe
and knee. UA 8.3mg/dL, aspiration of her knee demonstrated cell count of 15K.
A). Name ONE metabolic serum biomarker of the patients clinical condition. (1mark). Ans: Uric acid estimation.
B). Name ONE drug of choice which acts as a competitive inhibitor of xanthineoxidase will be helpful for the treatment of the patient. (1mark).Ans:Allopurinol.
(Or)
C). Name any TWO complications associated with thepatients pathology / noncompliance. (1mark).
Ans: Renal failure, ARF can be caused byhyperuricemia, chronic urate nephropathy,nephrolithiasis, Joint deformity and recurrent gout.
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7/31/2019 An Appropriate Esclation of Cognitive Burden in Phase-I Integerated Mecicine Curriculum_OSPEs_ Dr Kumar Ponnusamy BIO-GEN INNOVISION 2012_USMLE Preparatory Re-Usabl
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2. Note the signs and symptoms of BA and LA severely retarded, institutionalizedbrothers suffering from a typical inborn errors of amino acid metabolism.
(Answer the following questions in one or two sentences).A. Name the likely clinical condition of the patient. (1 mark).
(Ans: Phenylketonuria).
B. Name ONE management option to treat this disorder. (1 mark).
(Ans: Diet devoid of phenylalanine).
Dr PK & Ms Jega Bio-Gen 2012
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3. Note the signs and symptoms of a patients vertebrae shown in the below picture,who is suffering from an inborn errors of amino acid metabolism.
(Answer the following questions in one or two sentences).A. Name the likely clinical condition of the patient.
(Ans: Alkaptonuria).
B. Name the enzyme deficiency associated with this clinical
condition. (Ans: Homogentisate dioxygenase).Dr PK & Ms Jega Bio-Gen 2012
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7/31/2019 An Appropriate Esclation of Cognitive Burden in Phase-I Integerated Mecicine Curriculum_OSPEs_ Dr Kumar Ponnusamy BIO-GEN INNOVISION 2012_USMLE Preparatory Re-Usabl
12/31Dr PK Bio-Gen 2012
4. RT is a 56-year-old man who presents to his family physician for follow-up ofhypertension control. During his history, he reports significant erectile dysfunction (ED)that has progressed over the past 8 months. This has been distressing to him and tohis wife and has caused significant marital strife. He has been treated for hypertensionfor 4-5 years and is currently taking a combination of hydrochlorothiazide and atenolol
with good blood pressure control. His past history includes obesity and a sedentarylifestyle. His BP is moderately controlled (146/92 mm Hg). At 69 inches tall, he weighs248 pounds.He reports no morning erections, nocturnal erections, or spontaneous erectionssatisfactory for vaginal penetration. He has normal ejaculatory function withoutpostejaculatory pain or hematospermia. Physical examination is normal with normal
genitalia, prostate examination, but a rotund abdomen that is nontender.
A). Name ONE drug which will be helpful for him tosay Now for his wifes question. (1 mark).Ans: Sildenafil citrate.
B). Name the mode of action of the drug. (1 mark).Ans: Phosphodiesterse inhibitor.
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7/31/2019 An Appropriate Esclation of Cognitive Burden in Phase-I Integerated Mecicine Curriculum_OSPEs_ Dr Kumar Ponnusamy BIO-GEN INNOVISION 2012_USMLE Preparatory Re-Usabl
13/31Dr PK Bio-Gen 2012
5. RT is a 38-year-old non-compliance diabetic man of conservative ethnic group, whopresents to his family physician for follow-up of hypertension control. During his history,he reports significant erectile dysfunction (ED) that has progressed over the past 8months. This has been distressing to him and to his wife and has caused significantmarital strife and ultimately end up in divorce. He has been treated for hypertension for
4-5 years and is currently taking a combination of hydrochlorothiazide and atenolol withgood blood pressure control. His past history includes obesity and a sedentary lifestyle.His BP is moderately controlled (146/92 mm Hg). At 69 inches tall, he weighs 248pounds.He reports no morning erections, nocturnal erections, or spontaneous erectionssatisfactory for vaginal penetration. He has normal ejaculatory function without
postejaculatory pain or hematospermia. Physical examination is normal with normalgenitalia, prostate examination, but a rotund abdomen that is nontender.
A). Name ONE psychosocial phenomena the patient mayexperience.Ans: Loneliness, / Solitary / Depression / Dejection.
B). Name ONE ethics of a consultant physician in this case.(Ans: Counceling / Management of the disease / Motivation /Referrel to specialist clinic).
Sorry, Later
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7/31/2019 An Appropriate Esclation of Cognitive Burden in Phase-I Integerated Mecicine Curriculum_OSPEs_ Dr Kumar Ponnusamy BIO-GEN INNOVISION 2012_USMLE Preparatory Re-Usabl
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6. Mrs. Jones is a 48-year-old woman who found a lump as shown in the picture, in herleft breast on routine breast self-examination. She reported this to her family doctor. Sheis an otherwise healthy premenopausal woman with no significant past medical history.Her family physician ordered an ultrasound and mammogram. These investigationsconfirmed a 1.5cm mass at 3 Oclock in the left breast. She subsequently saw a surgeon
who performed a fine needle aspirate. The cytology revealed cells suspicious foradenocarcinoma. Core biopsy confirmed a grade 2 adenocarcinoma. She subsequentlyhad a lumpectomy.
a). Name ONE screening test to confirm the pathologyassociated her clinical condition. (1 mark).Ans: Sentinel node biopsy / tumor markers.
b). Name ONE drug of related to hormone receptorrelated choice to treat her clinical condition.
Ans: Selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM).
Dr PK Bio-Gen 2012
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7/31/2019 An Appropriate Esclation of Cognitive Burden in Phase-I Integerated Mecicine Curriculum_OSPEs_ Dr Kumar Ponnusamy BIO-GEN INNOVISION 2012_USMLE Preparatory Re-Usabl
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7. Mrs. Jones is a 48-year-old woman who found a lump as shown in the picture, in herleft breast on routine breast self-examination. She reported this to her family doctor. Sheis an otherwise healthy premenopausal woman with no significant past medical history.Her family physician ordered an ultrasound and mammogram. These investigationsconfirmed a 1.5cm mass at 3 Oclock in the left breast. She subsequently saw a surgeon
who performed a fine needle aspirate. The cytology revealed cells suspicious foradenocarcinoma. Core biopsy confirmed a grade 2 adenocarcinoma. She subsequentlyhad a lumpectomy.
a). Name the antineoplastic agents used as a combinationtherapy to treat her clinical condition. (1 mark).Ans: Cyclophosphamide, methotrexate and5-fluorouracil (CMF).
b). Name ONE folate antagonist drug of choice related to
treat her clinical condition.Ans: Methotrexate.
Dr PK & Jega Bio-Gen 2012
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7/31/2019 An Appropriate Esclation of Cognitive Burden in Phase-I Integerated Mecicine Curriculum_OSPEs_ Dr Kumar Ponnusamy BIO-GEN INNOVISION 2012_USMLE Preparatory Re-Usabl
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Q19. Observe the picture the patient who is suffering from
photophobia.
(Answer the following questions in one or two sentences).
A. Name the likely congenital defect of the patient. (Ans: Albinism /Oculocutaneous albinism)
B. Name the enzyme deficiency associated with the patients
disorder. (Ans: Tyrosinase).
Dr PK & JK Bio-Gen 2012
Q A 7 ld i l h i Th th l i th t th b b h b
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7/31/2019 An Appropriate Esclation of Cognitive Burden in Phase-I Integerated Mecicine Curriculum_OSPEs_ Dr Kumar Ponnusamy BIO-GEN INNOVISION 2012_USMLE Preparatory Re-Usabl
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QA 7-year-old girl has seizure. The mother explains that the baby has beenvomiting and having difficulty feeding for the past 2 days. There is also a strangesweet smell to her diapers. Physical examination is unremarkable, except forindications of dehydration. Serum test results show normal levels of glucose andammonia. Urinalysis reveals the presence of -keto-isocaproate and -keto-
isovalerate, and colored as shown in the figure.
(Answer the following questions in one or two sentences).
A. Name the likely congenital defect of the patient suffering from.(Maple syrup urine disease (MSUD).
B. Name the enzyme deficiency associated with the patients
disorder. (Branched chain -ketoacid dehydrogenase deficiency).
Dr PK & JK Bio-Gen 2012
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7/31/2019 An Appropriate Esclation of Cognitive Burden in Phase-I Integerated Mecicine Curriculum_OSPEs_ Dr Kumar Ponnusamy BIO-GEN INNOVISION 2012_USMLE Preparatory Re-Usabl
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Dr PK & Jega Bio-Gen 2012
Answer the following questions in one or two sentences.A. Name the likely endocrine disorder associated with this case?
(Ans: Xanthomatosis ).
B. Name any TWO clinical conditions associated with the above condition.
(Ans: hyperlipoproteinaemia type III and type IIA, and in association with
biliary cirrhosis / Xanthoma tuberosum/Xanthoma tendinosum. )
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7/31/2019 An Appropriate Esclation of Cognitive Burden in Phase-I Integerated Mecicine Curriculum_OSPEs_ Dr Kumar Ponnusamy BIO-GEN INNOVISION 2012_USMLE Preparatory Re-Usabl
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Dr PK & Jega Bio-Gen 2012
(Answer the following questions in one or two sentences).A. Name the likely clinical condition of the patient. (1 mark).
(Ans: Acanthosis nigricans).
B. Name ONE risk factor associated with the above clinical clinical
condition. (Ans: Insulin resistance).
A woman 7 months pregnant with her first child develops anemia Laboratory
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7/31/2019 An Appropriate Esclation of Cognitive Burden in Phase-I Integerated Mecicine Curriculum_OSPEs_ Dr Kumar Ponnusamy BIO-GEN INNOVISION 2012_USMLE Preparatory Re-Usabl
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Dr PK & Ms Jega Bio-Gen 2012
(Answer the following questions in one or two sentences).
A. Name the likely disorder associated with this case? (1 mark).
(Ans: Megaloblastic anemia).
B. Name the most likely underlying cause of this womans anemia. (1 mark).
(Ans: Folate deficiency). (Or)
B. Name the possible nutritional deficiency associated with the patients ailment.
(1 mark). (Ans: Folate deficiency)
A woman 7 months pregnant with her first child develops anemia. Laboratoryevaluation indicates an increased mean cell volume (MCV), and the europhiles are
appeared as shown in the figure, and altered morphology of several other cell types.
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7/31/2019 An Appropriate Esclation of Cognitive Burden in Phase-I Integerated Mecicine Curriculum_OSPEs_ Dr Kumar Ponnusamy BIO-GEN INNOVISION 2012_USMLE Preparatory Re-Usabl
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Q8. Observe the picture of the patient who presents with
hyperglycaemia and hypertension for the last 6 months. He was
given oral hypoglycaemic and antihypertensive medication.
Answer the following questions in one or two sentences.A. Name the likely endocrine disorder associated with this case?
(Cushings syndrome, Cushings disease / Hypercortisolism).
B. Name any TWO biochemical investigations will be helpful for clinical diagnosis of
the patient . (Serum cortisol estimation)
Dr PK & Jega Bio-Gen 2012
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7/31/2019 An Appropriate Esclation of Cognitive Burden in Phase-I Integerated Mecicine Curriculum_OSPEs_ Dr Kumar Ponnusamy BIO-GEN INNOVISION 2012_USMLE Preparatory Re-Usabl
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Q2. O .
A. Name the likely disorder the patient is suffering from.(Ans: Xeroderma pigmentosum).
B. Name the enzyme deficiency which causes the above clinical
syndrome . (UV specific nuclease).
Q9. Observe the picture of the patient and answer the following
questions in one or two sentences.
Dr PK & Jega Bio-Gen 2012
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7/31/2019 An Appropriate Esclation of Cognitive Burden in Phase-I Integerated Mecicine Curriculum_OSPEs_ Dr Kumar Ponnusamy BIO-GEN INNOVISION 2012_USMLE Preparatory Re-Usabl
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Q. Observe the picture of the patient and answer the following
questions in one or two sentences at most.
(Answer the following questions in one or two sentences).
A. Name the likely clinical condition the patient. (Congenital
hypothyroidism).
B. Name TWO biochemical diagnostic tests will be helpful to diagnose
the above clinical condition. (1 mark). (Serum T3, T4, TSH, TBGs).
Dr PK & Jega Bio-Gen 2012
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7/31/2019 An Appropriate Esclation of Cognitive Burden in Phase-I Integerated Mecicine Curriculum_OSPEs_ Dr Kumar Ponnusamy BIO-GEN INNOVISION 2012_USMLE Preparatory Re-Usabl
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Q. Observe the picture of patients eye who is a diabetic patient
with noncompliance.
(Answer the following questions in one or two sentences).
A. Name the likely clinical condition of the patient. (Diabetic
retinopathy).
A. Name the possible mechanism involved in this pathology.
(Oxidative stress/ Advanced glycation end products/ Protein
aggregation). Dr PK & Jega Bio-Gen 2012
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7/31/2019 An Appropriate Esclation of Cognitive Burden in Phase-I Integerated Mecicine Curriculum_OSPEs_ Dr Kumar Ponnusamy BIO-GEN INNOVISION 2012_USMLE Preparatory Re-Usabl
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Q12. Observe the picture of patients eye who is suffering from an
inborn errors of aminoacid metabolism.
(Answer the following questions in one or two sentences).
A. Name the likely clinical condition of the patient.
Ans: Cystinuria.
A. Name the enzyme defect associated with this clinical condition.
Ans: Cystathionine synthase.
Dr PK & Jega Bio-Gen 2012
Q Observe the picture of the patient who is on long term
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7/31/2019 An Appropriate Esclation of Cognitive Burden in Phase-I Integerated Mecicine Curriculum_OSPEs_ Dr Kumar Ponnusamy BIO-GEN INNOVISION 2012_USMLE Preparatory Re-Usabl
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Q. Observe the picture of the patient who is on long term
phenytoin therapy and answer the following questions in one or
two sentences.
A. Name the likely disorder the patient is suffering from.(Osteopenia).
B. Name the one marker enzyme of diagnostic interest related to the
above case. (Serum alkaline phosphatase).
Dr PK Bio-Gen 2012
b h i f h i d b l
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7/31/2019 An Appropriate Esclation of Cognitive Burden in Phase-I Integerated Mecicine Curriculum_OSPEs_ Dr Kumar Ponnusamy BIO-GEN INNOVISION 2012_USMLE Preparatory Re-Usabl
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(Answer the following questions in one or two sentences).
A. Name the possible metabolic disorder of the above patient (Ans:
Gout syndrome).B. Name ONE biochemical test will be helpful to diagnose the clinical
condition. (Serum uric acid / CRP). (Or)
C. Name the possible drug of choice to treat this clinical condition.
Ans: Allopurinol.
Q. Observe the pictures of the patient presented below.
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7/31/2019 An Appropriate Esclation of Cognitive Burden in Phase-I Integerated Mecicine Curriculum_OSPEs_ Dr Kumar Ponnusamy BIO-GEN INNOVISION 2012_USMLE Preparatory Re-Usabl
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Q. Observe the picture of a patient who is suffering from heat
intolerance.
(Answer the following questions in one or two sentences).
A. Name the likely endocrine disorder of the patient.(Hyperthyroidism).
B. Name TWO biochemical diagnostic tests will be helpful to diagnose
the above clinical condition. (1 mark). (T3, T4, TSH, TBG).
Dr PK Bio-Gen 2012
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7/31/2019 An Appropriate Esclation of Cognitive Burden in Phase-I Integerated Mecicine Curriculum_OSPEs_ Dr Kumar Ponnusamy BIO-GEN INNOVISION 2012_USMLE Preparatory Re-Usabl
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Q. Observe the picture of a patient who is suffering from diabetes
mellitus.
(Answer the following questions in one or two sentences).
A. Name the likely endocrine disorder of the patient. (Acromegaly).
B. Name ONE biochemical diagnostic tests will be helpful to diagnosethe above clinical condition. (Ans: GH, IGF, Somatostatin).
Dr PK & Jega Bio-Gen 2012
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7/31/2019 An Appropriate Esclation of Cognitive Burden in Phase-I Integerated Mecicine Curriculum_OSPEs_ Dr Kumar Ponnusamy BIO-GEN INNOVISION 2012_USMLE Preparatory Re-Usabl
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Q. Observe the picture the patient who is suffering from
photophobia.
(Answer the following questions in one or two sentences).
A. Name the likely congenital defect of the patient suffering from.(1 mark). (Ans: Albinism / Oculocutaneous albinism).
B. Name the enzyme deficiency associated with the patients
disorder. (Ans: Tyrosinase).
Dr PK & JK Bio-Gen 2012
Q A newborn baby characterized by very high levels of unconjugated
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7/31/2019 An Appropriate Esclation of Cognitive Burden in Phase-I Integerated Mecicine Curriculum_OSPEs_ Dr Kumar Ponnusamy BIO-GEN INNOVISION 2012_USMLE Preparatory Re-Usabl
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Q. A newborn baby characterized by very high levels of unconjugated
bilirubin in the blood and by yellow staining and degenerative lesions
in the cerebral gray matter under treatment.
(Answer the following questions in one or two sentences).
A. Name the likely clinical condition the patient is suffering (1 mark).
(Ans: Neonatal jaundice).
B. Name the enzyme deficiency associated with this clinical condition.
(Ans: UDP-Glucuronyl Transferase (UDP-GT) deficiency).
Fluorescent light.
Dr PK & Jega Bio Gen 2012