AN APPROACH TO CONSERVATION OF BUILT HERITAGE - DELHI MASTER PLAN PROVISIONS.

Case Study : Village- ‘MEHRAULI’ ARCHAELOGICAL PARK

AN APPROACH TO CONSERVATION OF BUILT HERITAGE –

DELHI MASTER PLAN PROVISIONS.

Location of ‘MEHRAULI’ ARCHAELOGICAL PARK in Delhi

Presentation by:

P.S. UTTARWAR, Director (Planning), Delhi Development Authority, New Delhi (India) ([email protected])

LOCATION

Location of India on World map

Location of Delhi on map of India

Map of Delhi

JAMA MASJID

INDIA GATE

SWAMI NARAYAN TEMPLE LOTUS TEMPLE

HUMAYUN’S TOMB

STATUS OF URBANISATION IN INDIA

SCHEME OF PRESENTATION

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HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE

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CASE STUDY

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P.S. UTTARWAR, Director (Planning), Delhi Development Authority, New Delhi (India)


STATUS OF URBANISATION

IN INDIA

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URBANIZATION IN INDIA- A CHALLENGE

o Urbanization in India is a challenge, as well

as an opportunity.

o A challenge because of it’s rapid growth

rate, which outpaces development of

infrastructure & availability of resources.

o An opportunity, as it offers better economic

avenues, compared to rural areas.


POPULATION GROWTH IN INDIA

o As per census of India 2011, India’s population stand at 1.21 billion; 17.5 per cent

of world population and next to China which accounts for 19.4 per cent of the

global population.

o Over last 10 years (2001-2011) India has added 181 million population.

o Population of India is almost equal to the combined population of the United

States, Indonesia, Brazil, Pakistan, Bangladesh and Japan put together.

o But growth rate has slowed down from 21.15 per cent in 2001 to 17.64 per cent in

2011.

o Level of urbanization, increased from 27.81 per cent 2001 census to 31.16 per

cent in 2011 census.


STATUS OF URBANIZATION

IN THE CAPITAL CITY OF DELHI o Total area of National Capital Territory of Delhi (NCTD) is 1485 square km.

o Urbanization has increased rapidly in Delhi since 1911 when Delhi became the capital of the country.

57.5% of Population was urbanised in 1911.

o The pace was accelerated during 1941-51 when the country was partitioned and refugees started

settling in Delhi.

o With rapid urbanisation, the urban area in Delhi territory has increased from 22% in 1961 to 62.5% of

the total area in 2001.

o In 2001, about 702 sq km of area was estimated to have been built up, accommodating about 13.8

million population.

o In 2011, total population of Delhi was 16.75 million with 97.5 per cent urban population.

o In 2021, about 978 sq km of total Urbanisable area will be available for accommodating about 23.0

million population in Delhi.


POPULATION GROWTH IN DELHI

o As per 2001 census, Population of Delhi was 16.75 million with 97.5 per cent population

living in urban areas as against the national average of 31.16%.

Census Population Decadal Growth

1911 413,851 2.0%

1941 917,939 44.3%

1951 1,744,072 90.0%

2001

13,782,976

46.3%

2011 16,753,235 21.6%

o The corresponding population density is 11,297

persons per km sq.

o Following table shows Population Growth of

Delhi since 1911:

Satellite Image of Delhi showing level of Urbanisation

MASTER PLANS FOR DELHI

The First Master Plan for Delhi, 1961-81, was published by DDA in 1962, envisaged development of urbanisable area of 448 sq.km. by 1981, catering to an urban population of 4.6 million.

To accommodate the 12.2 million urban population by the year 2001, the Second Master Plan envisaged expanding the urbanisable area of Delhi to 688 sq.km.

Third Master Plan of Delhi, projected population of 23 Million by the year 2021 on about 978 sq.km. of total Urbanisable area .



HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE

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HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE OF DELHI o Delhi is an ancient city with rich historical mile

stones and heritage.

o Historically Delhi has been a capital city for many dynasties and rulers.

o Each ruler and dynasty left its impression and foot prints in the form of monuments, heritage buildings and capital complexes.

o The rulers have been conscious of Delhi’s past. Their desire to protect the past has influenced protection and conservation of built heritage.

o Archaeological survey and Public Works Department of British India began this task in the later 19th century and after independence ASI has become protector of India’s heritage.


AN APPROACH

o The lack of appropriate plotting and mapping has resulted in encroachments and deterioration in heritage areas/buildings. At a later date Master Plan documents attempted to make provisions for protection and conservation of built heritage.

o Right from the first Master Plan of Delhi 1962 to the Master Plan of Delhi 2021, each document contributed and perfected conceptual frame work, approach and policies for protection and conservation of monuments in Delhi.

o The World over thinking about heritage has changed radically. The ‘Monument’ approach has been discarded as being insufficient to protect the Built Heritage. This built heritage needs to be treated as heritage areas or zones.

o It is necessary to identify what is to be done with these buildings? Who will do it? and What conceptual approach lies behind the whole process?


CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK ON

CONSERVATION ASPECT FOR MPD 2021

o Our heritage is the result of interaction of three forces. i) People - occupies a geographical area ii) Place - where building activity takes place and through iii) Time - buildings and cities take shape.

o Understanding of People, Place and Time gives us the context for understanding Heritage. It also

helps us in evaluating the heritage.

o Fundamental to the approach for conservation of the build heritage is the understanding of heritage as a Resource. Such an understanding means that like all Natural resources built heritage is also subject to development pressures and exploitation and has to be protected from these threats.

o The notion of sustainability widely used for natural resources is also applicable for built heritage.

o Sustainability necessarily means the use of the resources in a matter that does not compromise on the ability of future generations to use and enjoy it.


o Conservation is not freezing a place in time or denying development.

o Rather it stresses that the development has to occur in relation to the existing built heritage and the relationship with the natural resources.

o Conservation of Built heritage can not be compartmentalized under a heading and done with.

o Effective protection and Management of Built heritage requires that the concerns of heritage be reflected in all areas and be integrated with Planning process.


PLAN FOR A CONSERVATION ZONE

o Qualities to be preserved

o Delineation of zones

o Capitals

o Historic Villages

o Clusters of monuments

o Urban Villages


CONTENTS OF THE CONSERVATION PLAN o Heritage components and their ownership

o Traditional and historic Housing Stock

o Land use policy

o Physical Infrastructure

o Traffic and Transportation

o Information management

o Education and awareness

o Tourism

o Capacity Building


ARCHAEOLOGICAL PARK

o Archaeological Park in an area distinguishable by heritage resource and land related to such resources, which has potential to become an interpretive and educational resources for the public in addition to the value as a tourist attraction.

o Though the priority are the historical structures and the built heritage, ecological and landscape aspects are not excluded.

o All decisions regarding Built Heritage in general and Archeological Parks in particular should be based on evaluation of the pertinent aspects like form and design, materials and substance, use and function, traditions and techniques, location and setting, spirit and feeling and other internal and external factors.


o The following areas have been designated as Archaeological Parks:

(These are the names of localities/Areas)

i. Mehrauli Archaeological Park.

ii. Tughlazuabad Archaeological Park.

iii. Sultant Garhi Archaeological Park.

Other area can be added to the list on the basis of studies.


CONCLUSION o The Master Plan 2021 has brought focus and vision with respect to

Conservation of Built Heritage.

o For the first time the idea and concept of Heritage Zone, Archaeological Park has been introduced in the Master Plan document.

o The scope of Heritage encompasses monument along with linkages or continuity of buildings, structures or complexes united historically or aesthetically.

o Similarly Archaeological Park is an area distinguishable by heritage resource and land related to such resources.

o Inclusion of these entities in Master Plan document/LAND USE PLAN makes it potential area for protection, conservation and an integral part of planning process.



CASE STUDY

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Mehrauli … Historic Background

Sketch of Environs of Delhi 1807

Source:. ASI

o Mehrauli a settlement that has

evolved more than thousand years

in succession.

o Numerous major and minor

historic monuments representing

the architectural style of all major

rulers of Delhi.

o UNESCO World Heritage Site also

forms the part of this area.

Slave Dynasty


Mehrauli Heritage Zone

The Heritage Zone consists of three distinct sub zones…

Zone I Mehrauli Abadi Area

Zone II South Central Ridge

(Vasant Kunj & Kishangarh shall bound limits of this zone on southwest side and Kikar forest on northwest side)

Zone III Beyond outer limits of Quila Rai Pithora

Zone I

Zone II

Zone III

DELINEATION OF HERITAGE ZONE

Mehrauli Heritage Zone Committee constituted under the chairmanship of Shri M.N. Buch by Hon’ble Lt. Governor

of Delhi.


Extents of Site…

Andheria Mor

Qutub Complex DDA Park

Mehrauli Village

Mehrauli

Topographic Analysis

1

3

2

4

6

5

Site Potentials… Physiography and Hydrology

Chhatri in front of Jamali Kamali…

Distinct landscapes arising out of topographical variation worthy of being conserved and enhanced…

Quli Khan tomb & Qutub Complex sited over a plateau…

Mehrauli village spread evenly over the ridge…

1

2

3


Topographic Analysis

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6

5

1

2

3

Site Potentials… Physiography and Hydrology

Depressed land to the east of Dilkhusha, forming a bowl…

Use of water for utilitarian as well as visual reasons…

Jharna…

nestling between the valley

Hauz e Shamshi…

a man made reservoir

4

5

6


Site Potentials… Vegetation

Historic orchards, formal gardens, fields and grazing lands, English landscape gardens, contemporary manicured gardens

…contemporary manicured gardens

Mehrauli Village Qutb Complex

Landscape analysis

Planted Vegetation


Site Potentials… Historic Structures

…unprotected structures

Protected structures…


Issues… Depleted Historic Environment caused by

o Decay of Historic Buildings

o Loss of fabric due to encroachment

i. Within the forest area

ii. of / around historic buildings


Issues… Environmental degradation due to:

o Loss of forest cover

o Lack of solid waste management

o Sewage in open natural drains

o Falling water table

o Defecation causing health hazards


Issues… Inadequate Visitor Experience due to:

o Lack of visitor amenities

o Lack of site interpretation

o Underutilization of cultural resources

o Visual noise due to chaotic signage on streets and other public spaces


Issues… Inadequate Traffic Management

o Inadequate parking facilities.

o Metalled road cutting through the park and abutting monuments.

Community & Vision

o Inadequate outreach programs to generate awareness about the site amongst the citizens, youth & children.


Cultural Resource Management Plan…

Approved in the third meeting of Delhi Urban Heritage Foundation (DUHF)

Cultural Resource Management Plan…

Components of Development

o Heritage Trail and Pathway

o Signage

o Drainage & Sewerage

o Public Conveniences

o Plantation

o Information Centers

o Identifiable Entrances

o Permeable boundaries


Action Plan…

IDENTIFICATION OF DEMONSTRATION PROJECTS

o Restoration of Unprotected structures

• INTACH in collaboration with DTTDC has already undertaken

restoration work of 26 unprotected heritage structures

o Heritage Trail and Signage

o Entrance Areas to the Archaeological Park

• Forecourt to the Qutab Complex

• Jamali Kamali Gate

• Visitor Facilities


Action Plan…

o Integration of the World Heritage Site Qutab Complex with Archaeological Park with Quli Khan Tomb Complex as an interface

• Redefine the missing links

• Landscaping of Quli Khan Complex

o Provision of Sulabh Sauchalayas for Mehrauli Village

o Development of Balban’s tomb and its ruins

o Revival of Garden Jharna


Action Plan…

o Plantation of Historic Orchards

o Removal of Encroachments & Security arrangements

o Rejuvenation of Metcalf’s Pond

o Covering of Mehrauli Drain


Heritage Trail… INTACH in collaboration with DTTDC


Existing

Proposed

Heritage Trail…


Heritage Trail…

Monument Description Boards

Trail Markers


Entrance Areas… Forecourt to Qutub Complex

Core Zone – Monument area, where interventions would be minimal

Buffer Zone – comprising of open landscapes and greenery as an area of transition

Peripheral Zone – where interventions will be allowed to facilitate visitors but controlled to ensure harmony with the overall environment

The design approach designates three distinct zones:

CORE ZONE

BUFFER ZONE

PERIPHERAL ZONE



Part of triangular traffic Island to be used for widening the connecting road between Aurobindo Marg and Mehrauli road

Existing road network directly in front of Qutub Complex to be closed for vehicular access

HUDCO PROPOSAL


HUDCO PROPOSAL

Phase I proposal facilitates tourists with:

Parking Ticket Counter Kiosks Toilets



Landscaped Court

Bus Parking

Car Parking Rose flower nursery

Quli Khan Tomb Qutb Complex

Parking

Relocation of flower shops / Kiosks Mehrauli - Gurgaon Road

Ticket Counter



Redefining missing links…

Metcalf’s guest house infiltrating in the Qutb complex

…existing openings closed


Dense Vegetation…

historic orchards

Quli Khan’s Tomb…

a viewing point

rejuvenate the pond

enhancing the terraces

Channeling water to pond

Qutb Complex

Char bagh

rarify vegetation

Metcalf’s Guest house… Information zone

Servant’s Quarter…

Audio visual centre

Restoration of pathways

Redefining missing links… Concept


De

nse

Ve

geta

tio

n

Quli Khan’s Tomb

Pond

Terrace Garden

Causeway

Qutb Complex

Char bagh

Metcalf’s Guest house

Servant’s Quarter

Redefining missing links… Concept


Redefining missing links… Proposal… Step V

Qutb Complex

Quli Khan’s Tomb

Complex

…into the Park


Heritage Trial…


AN APPROACH TO CONSERVATION OF BUILT HERITAGE - DELHI MASTER PLAN PROVISIONS.

Education

Transcript of AN APPROACH TO CONSERVATION OF BUILT HERITAGE - DELHI MASTER PLAN PROVISIONS.