An approach for Integrated Water

Resource Management (IWRM) in

a metropolitan area: By M. Ilunga & PK Sinha Water research Flagship, Unisa

Tshwane Research Symposium, 23 April

2015

Points to be covered • Integrated Water Resource Management (IWRM)

approach and principles

• Integrated Development Plan (IDP) and IWRM

• Outline on water demand and availability

• Inter/trans-boundary urban water management

• Capacity building

• Overview of decision-making in a complex metropolitan area with reference to IWRM

M. Ilunga & PK Sinha, water Flagship Unisa City of Tshwane research Symposium,

23 April 2015

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1. Introduction • IWRM: not defined unequivocally

• IWRM mainly targets on

Development coordination

Management of water, land and related resources

Socio-economic welfare maximisation (equitably)

Sustainability of ecosystems

(Global water partnership: technical advisory committee, 2000)

• This can be approached at catchment, municipal/ metropolitan (e.g. City of Tshwane), provincial, national, even international level. Complexity of this approach increases in order of levels. Hence need of Multi-criteria decision making (MSDM) tools

M. Ilunga & PK Sinha, water Flagship Unisa

City of Tshwane research Symposium, 23 April 2015

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2. IWRM concept & principles

• Water challenges/issues-pollution, management, development, conservation, etc at different levels promoted IWRM concept

• IWRM principles outline

Comprehensive water plan to take into consideration water uses, activities in reference to water quantity and quality

Database to incorporate hydrological data/information and relevant data at different levels (e.g. catchment, basin, etc,)

M. Ilunga & PK Sinha, water Flagship Unisa

City of Tshwane research Symposium, 23 April 2015

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IWRM concept & principles (ctn 1) Water source, conservation, protection, efficiency,

climate change/variability, etc

Involvement of all stakeholders required

Water allocation agreed to between stakeholders from institutional arrangement

Lowest appropriate level takes into consideration of management needs

Scenarios from modelling process to anticipate/project impacts for different uses

Capacity building-a key to sustainability

• IWRM implementation can be complex

M. Ilunga & PK Sinha, water Flagship Unisa City of Tshwane research Symposium,

23 April 2015

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3. Integrated Development Plan (IDP) and IWRM • IDP –CoT focus: Improving quality life of people in the

metro including Kungwini, Nokeng & Metsweding local municipalitiessocio-economic welfare maximization, etc

• Water & sanitation) challenges/issues: backlogs (roughly 40% on average for KLM & NLM; 10 % in CoT-mainly informal settlements)

• Basic water & sanitation/Indigent policy compromised

• The new CoT needs coordinated development, management and equitable allocation of resources (water&sanitation, land), socio-economic welfare

• Hence reference to IWRM principles M. Ilunga & PK Sinha, water Flagship Unisa

City of Tshwane research Symposium, 23 April 2015

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4. Overview on water demand & availability

• Availability: water sources, supply (S)

• Water demands (D): uses, requirements

• Equation to be balanced??: S>D ?; S<D: Randwater; Magalies Water supply roughly over 60 %

• S: surface water, groundwater, etc

• D: agriculture, industry, recreation, domestic uses and future requirements, etc

• New CoT located in a water scarce country (this to be exacerbated with droughts, floods, climate change impact, etc)

M. Ilunga & PK Sinha, water Flagship Unisa City of Tshwane research Symposium,

23 April 2015

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5. Inter-/trans-boundary metro water management

• CoT- Johannesburg

• CoT-Ekurhuleni Metro

• Provincial co-operation/integration for water resources planning, development, etc

• An opportunity for peace in the City and province (Gauteng)

• Water integrity, water governance, etc

• National priorities, policies and strategies (e.g National water strategy)

• IDP in line with National Development Plan

M. Ilunga & PK Sinha, water Flagship Unisa City of Tshwane research Symposium,

23 April 2015

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M. Ilunga & PK Sinha, water Flagship Unisa City of Tshwane research Symposium,

23 April 2015

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Figure 1: High level criteria for IWRM inter/trans-boundary metropolitan areas in Gauteng

CoJ

(3Cs)

CoE

(3 Cs)

CoT

(3C’s)

3 Cs: Co-operation,

collaboration, communication

• 3 Cs may lead to following aspects:

• Legal framework for managing water resources at trans-metro level

• Environmental sustainability within the City (and region): equity, development, co-operation, utilisation, poverty reduction, etc

• Institutional arrangement for effective water management institutions for the benefit of current and future generations

• Strategic areas: water governance, infrastructure development

M. Ilunga & PK Sinha, water Flagship Unisa City of Tshwane research Symposium,

23 April 2015

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6. Capacity building • Water programmes to reinforce institutions within

the new City

• Water resource allocation and benefit sharing among municipalities, etc and other level

• Funding requirements and mechanisms

M. Ilunga & PK Sinha, water Flagship Unisa City of Tshwane research Symposium,

23 April 2015

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7. Issues arising • Differences/discrepancies in socio-economic development

within the New CoT

• Institutions (municipalities) arranged differently

• Funding mechanisms [Formula?]-contribution/expenditure from different municipalities within the City

• Differences in water resource information management systems

• IWRM a good tool but implementation might be challenging

M. Ilunga & PK Sinha, water Flagship Unisa City of Tshwane research Symposium,

23 April 2015

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8. Overview for decision-making in a complex metropolitan system with focus on IWRM

• Different municipalities in CoT to focus on:

Collaboration

Co-operation

Communication

• Common goal: Improving quality life with focus on water services

• Decision to be made across the City to reach the goal

• Criteria for decision making process in the City

• Multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) tools for ranking priorities

M. Ilunga & PK Sinha, water Flagship Unisa City of Tshwane research Symposium,

23 April 2015

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8.1. Example of MCDM technique: Analytic Hierarchical Process (AHP)

• AHP accommodates a degree of subjectivity (e.g. Ilunga, 2012, 2013 & 2014a, 2014b)-hierarchical structure

Goal: Improving quality life for communities using different alternatives and poverty alleviation)

High level criteria: co-operation, collaboration, communication

Low level criteria: e.g. water efficiency, poverty reduction, urban green, sanitation, etc

Alternatives: water allocations-agriculture, industrial, domestic, etc; water source solutions, etc

Pairwise comparisons of criteria, use of Likert 1-9 scale of importance (form equal importance to extremely importance)

Check of judgment consistency throughout the process (< 10 %)

M. Ilunga & PK Sinha, water Flagship Unisa City of Tshwane research Symposium,

23 April 2015

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Figure 2: Example of AHP For a system with reference to IWRM

Ranking criteria (weights)

Make overall selection of best alternative/option(s), through ranking/preferences (weights)

M. Ilunga & PK Sinha, water Flagship Unisa City of Tshwane research Symposium,

23 April 2015

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High level

criteria

Goal: Improving

quality life through

services (water, etc)

Criterion 1:

Collaboration

Criterion 2:

co-operation

Criterion3:

communication

Sub-

criterion

1: water

efficiency

Sub-

criterion

2: green

urban

Alternative

1: Water

allocation

Alternative

2:

Water&sani

tation

solutions

Low level

criteria:

5. Conclusion

• IWRM- powerful tool for water management in an metro area; seems an ideal approach

• IWRM-complexity within the City and MCDM tools should be used

• IWRM-implementation phase is need within the City

and beyond

M. Ilunga & PK Sinha, water Flagship Unisa City of Tshwane research Symposium,

23 April 2015

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References • http://riversymposium.com/wp-content/uploads/A2C_Tracy-Molefi.pdf

• http://www.sadc.int/files/2113/5298/2099/20120229_-_Implementation_of_Regional_Strategic_Actino_Plan_on_IWRM_and_Development.pdf

• http://www.sadc.int/files/1913/5292/8376/Regional_Water_Policy.pdf

• Molefi, T.S. (2012) Trans-boundary water in cooperation in SADC region, 15 th International river symposium, Melbourne, Australia, 2012

• IDP City of Tshwane 2011-2016, Available at http://www.mobilitate.co.za/pg/municipality/183399/file/232249

• Leeuween K V & Sjerps (2015) Istanbul: the challenges of integrated water resources in Europa’s megacity management in Europa’s megacity, Available at http://download-v2.springer.com/static/pdf/566/art%253A10.1007%252Fs10668-015-9636-z.pdf?token2=exp=1428006694~acl=%2Fstatic%2Fpdf%2F566%2Fart%25253A10.1007%25252Fs10668-015-9636-z.pdf*~hmac=1f5366396e87501e145a99ed303e736bce4f5f31fd413599b93133a822d2d7af

M. Ilunga & PK Sinha, water Flagship Unisa City of Tshwane research Symposium,

23 April 2015

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References (ctn 1) • M. Ilunga (2014a) Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) in ranking rainfall stations in-

filled with Radio Basis Function Artificial Neural Networks (RBFN). World Multi-Conference on Systemic, Cybernetics and Informatics: WMSCI 2014, ISBN-13: 978-1-936338-97-9

• M. Ilunga (2014b) Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) in selecting Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) for ungaged streamflow Prediction, World Multi-Conference on Systemic, Cybernetics and Informatics WMSCI 2014 ISBN-13: 978-1-936338-97-9

• M. Ilunga (2012) Fuzzy AHP Approach for the selection of groundwater recharge Alternative: Sensitivity Analysis, Published, The 5 th International Multi-Conference on Engineering and Technological Innovation: IMETI 2012, July 17 th -20 th , Orlando, Florida, USA), ISBN-13: 978-1-9363338-68-9

• M. Ilunga (2013) Analytic hierarchy process (AHP) in ranking watersheds for streamflow data infilling models, The 17 th World Multi-Conference on Systemic, Cybernetics and Informatics WMSCI 2013 ISBN: 978-1-036338-95-6.

• M. Ilunga (2013) Analytic hierarchy process (AHP) in selecting forecasting models for dissolved solids. The 17 th World Multi-Conference on Systemic, Cybernetics and Informatics: WMSCI 2013 ISBN: 978-1-036338-95-6.

M. Ilunga & PK Sinha, water Flagship Unisa

City of Tshwane research Symposium, 23 April 2015

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• Thank you

M. Ilunga & PK Sinha, water Flagship Unisa City of Tshwane research Symposium,

23 April 2015

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