AN ANALYSIS ON STUDENTS ERROR IN ESSAY AT FIFTH SEMESTER

STUDENTS OF UNIVERSITY OF MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG

THESIS

By:

NURUL HASANAH AGUSTIENI

201010100311020

ENGLISH DEPARTMENT

FACULTY TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION

UNIVERSITY OF MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG

2014

AN ANALYSIS ON STUDENTS ERROR IN ESSAY AT FIFTH SEMESTER

STUDENTS OF UNIVERSITY OF MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG

THESIS

By:

NURUL HASANAH AGUSTIENI

ENGLISH DEPARTMENT

FACULTY TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION

UNIVERSITY OF MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG

2014

AN ANALYSIS ON STUDENTS ERROR IN ESSAY AT FIFTH SEMESTER

STUDENTS OF UNIVERSITY OF MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG

THESIS

This thesis is submitted to meet one of the requirements to achieve

Sarjana Degree in English Education

By:

NURUL HASANAH AGUSTIENI

201010100311020

ENGLISH DEPARTMENT

FACULTY TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION

UNIVERSITY OF MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG

2014

MOTTO AND DEDICATION

Keinginanmu kadang tak sepaham dengan keinginan Tuhan.

Tapi percaya saja, ketidaksepakatanmu hanyalah ujian

-Rons Imawan-

The only way to worry about nothing is to pray about everything

-Anymous-

Good things come to those who wait

-Garfield-

Maka nikmat Tuhan kamu yang manakah yang kamu dustakan?

-QS Ar Rahman :21-

Always living gratefully, that’s happiness

-Anymous-

DEDICATION:

I dedicated this thesis to :

My beloved and patient Mother and Father,

My super supporters, my sisters and brother,

My lovely nieces and nephews,

My dearest friends,

And the man that I’m so grateful for.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Alhamdulillah, praise be to Allah, the Merciful and Charitable, for the

guidance, blessing, and affection, so that the writer finally can finish this thesis. Also,

may sholawat and salam always be given to the last messenger, Muhammad SAW.

The writer would like to show her deepest gratitude to the advisors, Dr.

Masduki, M.Pd and Nurakhfini Septiany, M.A., M.Ed, for the opportunity and

kindness in giving guidance, suggestions, and advice during the consultation period,

along with their comments and correction during the completion of this thesis.

Her sincere gratitude and appreciation are also extended to the A class of the

fifth semester students at English Department in University of Muhammadiyah

Malang who had given her the opportunity to conduct the study.

Moreover, the writer would like to dedicate this thesis to her beloved and

patient parents, Soejadi Budianto and Rukmini, who always inspire and support her to

do her best, and also to her sisters, brother, nieces, and nephews who have never limit

their loves and cares to her.

Finally, a special thank goes to Norman Fadhilah who never stops praying for

her successful and supporting her during the completion of the thesis. A lot of thanks

also given to her friends during her study for four years in University of

Muhammadiyah Malang (Arin, Nisrin, Anggeh, Iyon, Rachmi, Mbak Ajeng, Nabriis,

Retno, Ulis, Anggi, Lutfi, etc), her seven-years best friends (Atika Rahmawati and

Meilyani), her housemate in Malang, and others who give their encouragements, love,

cares, and pray, so that the writer can finally finish her thesis.

The Writer,

Nurul Hasanah Agustieni

TABLE OF CONTENTS

APPROVAL ............................................................................................................ i

LEGALIZATION ................................................................................................... ii

MOTTO AND DEDICATION ............................................................................... iii

ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................. iv

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .................................................................................... v

TABLE OF CONTENTS ........................................................................................ vii

LIST OF FIGURE .................................................................................................. x

LIST OF TABLE .................................................................................................... xi

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of Study .................................................................................... 1

1.2 Statement of Problems .................................................................................. 4

1.3 Purpose of Study ........................................................................................... 5

1.4 Scope and Limitation .................................................................................... 5

1.5 Significance of Research ............................................................................... 5

1.6 Definition of Key Terms ............................................................................... 6

CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

2.1 Writing .......................................................................................................... 7

2.2 The Writing Process ...................................................................................... 9

2.2.1 Prewrite ................................................................................................ 10

2.2.1.1 Techniques for Exploring Ideas ............................................... 10

2.2.1.2 Preparing an Outline ................................................................ 14

2.2.2 Drafting ................................................................................................ 15

2.2.3 Reviewing and Revising ...................................................................... 16

2.2.4 Rewriting .............................................................................................. 17

2.3 Essay ............................................................................................................. 17

2.3.1 The Introductory Paragraph ................................................................. 17

2.3.2 Body .................................................................................................... 19

2.3.3 Concluding Paragraph .......................................................................... 19

2.4 Four Bases in Evaluating Essay .................................................................... 21

2.4.1 Unity ..................................................................................................... 21

2.4.2 Support ................................................................................................. 22

2.4.3 Organization/Coherence ....................................................................... 22

2.4.4 Sentence Skills ..................................................................................... 22

2.5 Errors ............................................................................................................. 23

2.6 Error Analysis ............................................................................................... 23

CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

3.1 Research Design ............................................................................................ 26

3.2 Research Subject ........................................................................................... 27

3.3 Data ............................................................................................................... 27

3.4 Research Instrument ...................................................................................... 28

3.5 Data Collection.............................................................................................. 28

3.6 Data Analysis ................................................................................................ 29

CHAPTER IV RESEARCH FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION

4.1 Research Findings ......................................................................................... 32

4.1.1 Errors Made by the Students in Essay ................................................. 32

4.1.1.1 Unity ........................................................................................ 33

4.1.1.2 Support ..................................................................................... 36

4.1.1.3 Coherence ................................................................................ 37

4.1.1.4 Sentence Skill .......................................................................... 39

4.1.2 The Most Frequent Error ...................................................................... 47

4.2 Discussion ..................................................................................................... 47

CHAPTER V CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION

5.1 Conclusion .................................................................................................... 50

5.2 Suggestion ..................................................................................................... 51

REFERENCES

APPENDICES

Appendix I : Samples of Students’ Essay Writing

Appendix II : Rubric for Evaluating Essay

Appendix III : Table of Errors

LIST OF FIGURE

Figure 2.1 Example of Making a List ....................................................................... 11

Figure 2.2 Example of Freewriting ........................................................................... 12

Figure 2.3 Example of Clustering ............................................................................. 13

Figure 2.4 The Introductory Paragraph Organization ............................................... 18

Figure 2.5 The Organization of Essay....................................................................... 20

LIST OF TABLE

Table 2.1 Four Bases in Evaluating Essay ................................................................ 21

Table 4.1 Examples of Error in Grammar ................................................................. 40

Table 4.2 Examples of Error in Mechanics ............................................................... 42

Table 4.3 Examples of Error in Punctuation ............................................................. 44

Table 4.4 Examples of Error in Word Use ................................................................ 45

Table 4.5 Errors Number and Percentage ................................................................. 47

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