AN ANALYSIS ON ENGLISH TEXTBOOK ENTITLED …eprints.ums.ac.id/30555/14/ARTICLE_PUBLICATION.pdf · 3...

1

AN ANALYSIS ON ENGLISH TEXTBOOK

ENTITLED STAIRWAY: A FUN AND EASY ENGLISH BOOK

FOR GRADE II OF ELEMENTARY SCHOOL

BASED ON RAJAN’S THEORY

PUBLICATION ARTICLE

Submitted as a Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements

for Getting Bachelor Degree of Education

in English Department

by

Dwi Vianita Rosari

A320100131

SCHOOL OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION

MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA

2014

1

AN ANALYSIS ON ENGLISH TEXTBOOK

ENTITLED “STAIRWAY: A FUN AND EASY ENGLISH

BOOK FOR GRADE II OF ELEMENTARY SCHOOL”

BASED ON RAJAN’S THEORY

by

Dwi Vianita Rosari

A320100131

[email protected]

ABSTRACT

This research paper is mainly intended to find out whether the English textbook

used for the second year students of Elementary school entitled Stairway: A Fun and

Easy English Book for Grade II of Elementary School is compatible or not with the

indicators of good materials design suggested by Rajan.

This research applies descriptive research. In collecting data, the writer did

content analysis. The data were analyzed by steps, (1) presenting the materials (2)

comparing the materials (3) judging whether materials of English textbook appropriate

with the indicators of good materials design suggested by Rajan or not (4) drawing

conclusions.

The result of the analysis shows that the percentage of the compatibility of

language skills developed in the textbook is 65,90% it means the textbook is good in

developing language skills as suggested by Rajan. The language skill which are

developed in the textbook involve the compatibility of the listening materials are 72,72%

or good, the compatibility of the reading materials are 63,63% or good, the compatibility

of speaking materials are 63,63% or good and the compatibility of writing materials are

63,63% or good. This research implies the textbook entitled “Stairway: A Fun and Easy

English Book” for the second year students of Elementary School is good materials to

support the learning process.

Key words : compatibility, textbook evaluation, good materials design.

2

A. Introduction

In learning English at schools, textbooks are the key component.

Textbook is an important resource. It is foundation of school instruction

and the primary source of information for students and teachers. Textbook

serves as one of the main instruments for shaping knowledge, attitudes and

disciplines of the students.

A textbook means a created material designed as materials for

teaching learning process in order to increase the learners’ knowledge and

experience. “Textbooks are best seen as a source in achieving aims and

objectives that have already been set in terms of learner needs”

(Cunningsworth, 1995:7). Textbook also can be defined as a book

prepared for school’s students in teaching learning process.

There are so many English textbooks that are used in teaching-

learning process. The writer chooses Stairway; A Fun and Easy English

Book for Grade II of Elementary School published by Platinum, because

the book is designed to encourage the students to develop their

competency in four language skills. This book introduces and enriches the

words and expressions for the students of the second year that is related to

language functions for introducing oneself and others, counting and using

numbers, mentioning toys, identifying vegetables, etc. Each unit is

designed to have the following sub units: Come On, Passwords, Exercise,

Grab the Stars, Let Us Try, Useful Expressions, and Fun Time. The unit

also has supportive materials for the time being discussed such as More to

Know, Around the World, Creative Hands, Glossary, and Chapters

Review. To asses the learning progress, reflection is provided in the las

part of the unit for the students to complete personally.

Based on the problem above the writer compares the material in the

textbook with good criteria textbook based Rajan Theory, whether or not

the textbook is appropriate with Rajan’s criteria. Based on the reasons, the

writer decides to conduct a research entitled An Analysis on English

3

Textbook Entitled “Stairway: A Fun and Easy English Book for Grade II

of Elementary School” Published by Tiga Serangkai Based on Rajan

Theory.

This research has two problem statemenst, such as: (1) Are the

materials in English textbook entitled Stairway: A Fun and Easy English

Book for Grade II of Elementary School compatible with the good

materials design suggested by Rajan ? (2) Does the material design

facilitate the students for achieving the competencies?

The objective of this reseacrh, is: (1) To describe the compatibility

of materials design in English Textbook entitled Stairway; A Fun and Easy

English Book for Grade II of Elementary School with the criteria of good

materials design by Rajan. (2) to explain the materials design facilitates the

students for achieving the competencies.

B. English Textbook

1. Notion of Textbook

Based on the definition of textbook written by Echols and Sadily

(1983:584) in Tarigan (1986:11), “textbook is the handbook for the

learners.” The other statement textbook is from Bascon (1953) in

Tarigan (1986:11) states that “textbook is designed for the use in the

clasroom, being arranged and prepared carefully by the experts in the

field and being completed with teaching aids that are suitable and

compatible.”

2. Function of Textbook

Textbooks give benefits to increase the student’s ability in English.

The special benefits of textbooks, according to Buckingham (1958:15-

18) in Tarigan (1986:16) are textbooks give

1) the opportunities to study it appropriate with the learner’s

ability.

2) the opportunities to review it.

3) the possibility to inverstigate the learner’s memory.

4) the casy to make the notes.

5) the special opportunies showed by visual.

4

3. Textbook Evaluation

The evaluation is important to know the purpose and the

function of the materials which are used in the teaching-learning

process. The evaluation of the English textbook is to know the function

of English textbook. It can increase the student’s ability in learning

English.

C. Good Materials Design

According to Byrd (2002:417) in Fauziati (2010:210) “textbooks

are for students.” To meet their needs, the textbook must not only

contain language skills demanded by the curicculum but it also must fit

the needs of the students. Greene and Petty (1985) in Tarigan (1993:20-

21) explain the criteria of good textbook. They are as follows :

a. The textbook must be interesting and attractive toward the

learners. So, they will be interested in using textbook.

b. The textbook must be able to motivate the learners.

c. The content of textbook must be illustrative.

d. The textbook should consider the linguistic aspect. So, it

will be suitable with the learner’s ability.

e. The content of textbook must be related to the other branch

of the science.

f. The textbook must stimulate the personal activity of the

learners.

g. The content of textbook must be clear to avoid the learners

will be confused in using textbook.

h. The textbook must have clear point of view because it will

be the learner’s point of view.

i. The textbook must be able to provide the balance and it

must emphasize values to the learners.

j. The textbook must be able to respect to the differences of

the individual.

D. Rajan’s Theory of Materials Design

Good materials don’t teach but good materials can motivate a learner

to learn. The criteria of good materials design based on Rajan (2003:IV)

like the MAGIC. The meaning of MAGIC is as follows,

M = Motivating, and Meaningful

A = Authentic, and Appropriate

5

G = Graphic, and Graded

I = Interesting, Interactive, and Integrated

C = Contextualized, and Creative

a. Motivating

The meaning of motivating is a good material should

motivate learners to learn by themselves. It can achieve when the

materials contain the words or sentences that can motivate the

students to learn the materials more.

b. Meaningful

The meaning of meaningful is a good material should be

useful to the learner. It means that the materials should help the

learners to increase their ability in language.

c. Authentic

The meaning of authentic is a good material should contain

the original language by native speaker. It means that the learners

can improve the language skills from the native speaker.

d. Appropriate

The meaning of appropriate is a good material should be

suitable for the learner’s level and learner’s need. The materials

should contain the materials which learner’s need in the teaching and

compatible with the learners level.

e. Graphic

The meaning of graphic is a good material should be

presented with the diagram or table. The materials in the textbook

should be organized and easy to learn for the learner.

f. Graded

The meaning of graded is a good material should be arranged

systematically. It means that the materials in the textbook should be

compatible of the materials organize.

6

g. Interesting

The meaning of interesting is a good materials can influent

the learners attention. The material should be able to attract the attention

of students to learn it.The materials should be able to attract the

attention of students to learn it.

h. Integrated

The meaning of integrated is a good material should cover

four language skills and language aspects. The materials of the

textbook should contain the basic language skills in English.

i. Interactive

The meaning of interactive is a good material can make an

interaction, communication, conversation between learner-teacher

and teacher-learner.

j. Contextualized

The meaning of contextualized is a good materials should be

suitable with the place and the time. The materials of the textbook

must be suitable with the learners activity.

k. Creative

The meaning of creative is a good material should open the

new horizon of the learner. The good materials are the materials

which create the students creativity in learning English.

From the explanation above, the writer concludes that the

good materials design should be suitable with the learners needs and

the good materials should contain the materials which help to open a

new mind to the learners.

E. RESEARCH METHOD

The writer use descriptive research as the of type reseacrh. This

research describes the analysis of the materials in English textbook entitled

“Starway: A Fun and Easy English Book” for Grade II of Elementary

7

School”. The object of the research is the materials of the textbook entitled

“Starway; A Fun and Easy English Book” for Grade II of Elementary

School” (2012) published by Tiga Serangkai.. The data of the research is

the English materials found in English textbook Starway.

The method of collecting data, the writer uses the content analysis.

The writer selects and encodes the materials of English textbook, then the

writer selects the compatibility of materials design with the good materials

design based on Rajan theory.

F. RESEARCH FINDING AND DISCUSSION

1. Research Finding

The research finding presents the analysis of data based on the

problem of the study. In analyzing this study, the writer uses the indicators

of good materials design suggested by Rajan. The writer analyzes the

compatibility of material design (listening, speaking, reading, and writing

materials) in the textbook entitled “Stairway: A Fun and Easy English

Book” for Grade II of Elementary School” with the indicator of good

materials design suggested by Rajan.

a. Motivating

Listen and Repeat. (C0/ES/P3)

8

The conversation above shows that this material is

compatible with the criteria of good materials design suggested by

Rajan. This conversation can motivate the learner because in the

conversation above the learner can learn the technique of giving

reply orally, it makes the learner can understand the spoken

expression to greet others.

b. Meaningful

Listen and repeat. (C5/ES/P79)

The material above is compatible with indicators of good

materials design by suggested by Rajan. The material above is

meaningful because from the material above, the learner can learn

antonym of something.

9

c. Appropriate

Listen and put the correct numbers. The first has been done for

you. (C9/ES/P142)

The material above is compatible with the criteria of good

material design suggested by Rajan, because the material is suitable

with the learner needed because student can add vocabulary about

days of the week. The students are required to listen and put the

correct numbers. So, after the students learn this material, the

students can mention about days of the week.

d. Graphic

Repeat after your teacher (C4/ES/P66)

10

This material is good for the students because it is presented

with a table. The students are asked to fill in the blanks in the table

based on information. By the table, the students are easier to learn

the material. So, the material is compatible with the criteria of

material design suggested by Rajan.

e. Graded

Listen and write.(C1/ES/P34)


material design suggested by Rajan. The material teaches the

student to respond simple instruction verbally. The students are

required to listen and write the answer based on information. The

students did not only learn listening but also writing.

f. Interesting

Listen and number (C6/ESP94)

11

The material above is compatible with the criteria of

good material design suggested by Rajan, because this material

can attract the attention of learners. This material presents a

good colorful picture. The students are required to combine

people with the food based on information.

g. Contextualize

Listen and repeat.(C12/ES/185)

The material above is compatible with the criteria of

good material design suggested by Rajan. It contains students

activity everyday, such as singing, eating, drinking, walking,

studying, playing, writing, and running. The material is

suitable with time and place because the students do activities

everyday.

h. Creative

Listen and write the name. (C5/ES/P156)

12


material design suggested by Rajan. The material above is creative

because this material can open the intelligence to think and try to

answer the lesson from the teacher.

2. Discussion of the Finding

After analyzing the data of materials in the English Textbook

entitled “Starway: A Fun and Easy English Book” for Grade II of

Elementary School which are appropriate with those criteria of good

materials design suggested by Rajan, the writer finds that the books

fulfill 29 indicators. The percentage is 65,90%. It means that the

materials in the textbook are good or compatible with the good

materials design suggested by Rajan. The branch discussion research

findings are:

a. Listening Skill Materials

The English textbook entitled “Stairway: A Fun and Easy

English Book” for Grade II of Elementary School has 8 indicators

out of 11 indicators suggested by Rajan. The percentage of listening

skill indicators in the English textbook is 72,72%. It means that the

English textbook is good and compatible with the good materials

design suggested by Rajan.

b. Speaking Skill Materials

The speaking materials in the English textbook “Stairway: A

Fun and Easy English Book” for Grade II of Elementary School have

7 indicators out of 11 indicators suggested by Rajan. The percentage

of speaking skill indicators in the English textbook is 63,63%. It

means that the English textbook is good or compatible with the good


c. Reading Skill Materials

The Reading materials in the English textbook “Stairway: A



13

of reading skill indicators in the English textbook is 63,63%. It



d. Writing Skill Materials

The writing materials in the English textbook “Stairway: A



of writing skill indicators in the English textbook is 63,63%. It



G. CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION

1. Conclusion

After analyzing language skill materials in the textbook entitled

“Stairway: A Fun and Easy English Book” for Grade II of Elementary

School, the writer can draw some conclusions based on the research

finding as follows:

a. The compatibility of Material Design in English textbook with the

Criteria of Good Materials Design Suggested by Rajan:

1. Listening Materials

The compatibility of listening skill material has 8 indicators

out of 11 indicators or 72,72%.

2. Speaking Skill Materials

The percentage of speaking skill indicators in the English

textbook is 63,63%. It means that the English textbook is good or

compatible with the good materials design suggested by Rajan.

3. Reading Skill Materials

The percentage of reading skill indicators in the English



14

4. Writing Skill Materials

The percentage of writing skill indicators in the English



5. The Materials Design Facilitate the Students for Achieving the

Competencies.

b. Listening Materials

The listening material in the textbook can create the

creativity from the students to achieve the basic competency of

listening skill.

c. Speaking Materials

In speaking materials, the learner can learn the way for

good speaking. From the speaking exercises in the textbook, the

students can employ their ability in speaking well. So, the speaking

materials in the textbook is good to help the students for achieving

the competency.

d. Reading Materials

The reading material in the textbook contains the simple

text which is easy to understand by the learner. So, the reading

materials in the textbook is good to help the students for achieving

the competency. So, the reading materials in the textbook are good

to increase the students’ ability in achieving the competency of

speaking skill.

e. Writing Materials

The writing material in the textbok contains the simple

sentence. It can make the students easy to understand the material.

So, the writing material in the textbook is good to help the students

for achieving the competency.

2. Suggestion

The writer gives some suggestions to the person who has relation

with this research. The suggestions are:

15

a. For the Elementary English teacher

The English teacher should be able to choose a suitable textbook

for the students and it is appropriate with the level. So, the students

will be more interested in learning and able to understand the material.

b. For the author of English Textbook

The author should improve the innovation in the textbook with

complete cassetes which contain sound of native speaker. So, the

students will be able to improve their listening and speaking skill.

c. For the next researcher

For the next researchers, who are interested in analyzing

textbooks, this study limits on the compatibility the materials of

English textbook with the criteria of good material design sugested by

Rajan. The next researchers can study in other aspects not only

compatibility but also in grammatical, contextual learning,

pronunciation, vocabulary, and others.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Arikunto, Suharsini. 1996. Prosedur Penelitian: Suatu Pendekatan Praktek.

Jakarta: Ricka Cipta.

Cunningsworth, Alan. 1984. Evaluating and Selecting English Foreign

Language Teaching Material. New York: Masemillan.

Dewi, Ida Kusuma, dkk. 2012. Stairway: A Fun and Easy English Book. Solo:

PT. Tiga Serangkai Pustaka Mandiri.

Fauziati, Endang. 2010. Teaching English as a Foreign Language (TEFL).

Surakarta: PT. Era Pustaka Utama.

Moleong, Lexy. J. 1989. Metodologi Penelitian Kualitatif. Bandung: Remaja

Karya CV.

Qodri, Layla. 2009. A Study on the English Textbook for the Fourth Year

Students of Elementary School Based on the School-Based Curriculum

(SBC). Surakarta: Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta.

16

Rahayu. 2012. Task Analysis on Workbook Entitled "Satria" for Junior High

School Used in Klaten Regency Based on The Criteria of Good Tasks

Suggested by Candlin. Surakarta: Muhammadiyah University of

Surakarta.

Rajan, Sundara. 2003. Material Design. SEAMO. Regional Language Centre.

Septianawati. 2008 The Evaluation of English Textbook for the First Year

Students of Vocational School Based on the School Level based

Curriculum.Surakarta: Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta.

Tomlinson, Brian.1998. Material Development in Language Teaching. United

Kingdom: Cambridge University Press.

AN ANALYSIS ON ENGLISH TEXTBOOK ENTITLED …eprints.ums.ac.id/30555/14/ARTICLE_PUBLICATION.pdf · 3...

Documents

Transcript of AN ANALYSIS ON ENGLISH TEXTBOOK ENTITLED …eprints.ums.ac.id/30555/14/ARTICLE_PUBLICATION.pdf · 3...