AN ANALYSIS OF TECHNIQUES AND QUALITY OF THE SONG … · IN ANIMATION MOVIE ENTITLED “HAPPY...

AN ANALYSIS OF TECHNIQUES

AND QUALITY OF THE SONG LYRICS TRANSLATION

IN ANIMATION MOVIE ENTITLED “HAPPY FEET”

THESIS

Submitted as a Partial Fulfillment of Requirements for the Sarjana Degree

in English Department Faculty of Letters and Fine Arts

Sebelas Maret University

BY:

EDY TRIYANTO

C 0304020

ENGLISH DEPARTMENT

FACULTY OF LETTERS AND FINE ARTS

SEBELAS MARET UNIVERSITY

SURAKARTA

2009

ii

AN ANALYSIS OF TECHNIQUES AND QUALITY

OF SONG LYRICS TRANSLATION


By:

EDY TRIYANTO

C 0304020

Approved to be Examined before the Board of Examiners

of English Department Faculty of Letters and Fine Arts


Thesis Supervisor

Ida Kusuma Dewi S.S., M.A. NIP 197105251998022001

Head of English Department

DR. Djatmika, M. A. NIP 196707261993021001

iii

AN ANALYSIS OF TECHNIQUES AND QUALITY

OF SONG LYRICS TRANSLATION


By:

EDY TRIYANTO

C 0304020

Accepted and Approved by the Board of Examiners of English Department

Faculty of Letters and Fine Arts


Chairman : Prof. Drs. M.R. Nababan, M.Ed, M.A, Ph.D ( ) NIP. 196303281992011001 Secretary : Dyah Ayu Nila K., S.S, M.Hum ( ) NIP. 198302112006042001 First examiner : Ida Kusuma Dewi, SS, MA ( ) NIP. 197105251998022001 Second examiner : DR. Tri Wiratno, MA ( ) NIP. 195905051986012001

Dean of Faculty of Letters and Fine Arts

Drs. Sudarno, M.A.

NIP 195303141985061001

iv

PRONOUNCEMENT

Name : Edy Triyanto

NIM : C0304020

I pronounce truthfully that this thesis entitled An Analysis of Techniques and

Quality of Song Lyrics Translation in Animation Movie Entitled “Happy Feet”

is originally made by the researcher. It is neither a plagiarism, nor made by others.

Things related to other people’s work are written in quotations and included in

bibliography.

If it is then proved that the researcher cheats, the researcher is ready to take the

responsibility.

Surakarta, July 2009

The Researcher

Edy Triyanto

v

MOTTO

It’s alright to fall apart sometimes sooner or later,

You will learn how to put those pieces together

You have to believe for something impossible

(Howard Head)

vi

DEDICATION

This thesis is dedicated to

My beloved Father and Mother

And

My beloved Sisters, Ida and Fajar

vii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Alhamdulillahi rabbil ‘alamiin. All the gratitude for The Almighty ALLAH

SWT, for all blessing and guidance to me in finishing this thesis. All I have done in

my thesis are coming from Allah guidance. I get many supports and helps during the

process of finishing my thesis and it is a great time to say thanks to those who have

supported and encouraged me in accomplishing this thesis. Deep from inside my

heart, I realized that without their role and supports, this thesis would not be

completed. Therefore, I want to extend thanks to:

1. Drs. Sudarno, M.A., the Dean of Faculty of Letters and Fine Arts Sebelas Maret

University, for approving my thesis.

2. Drs. Djatmika, M.A., the Head of English Department for the permission to

write this thesis.

3. Ida Kusuma Dewi S.S., M.A., my thesis supervisor. Thank you very much for

your guidance, patience, understanding and advices.

4. Dra. Rara Sugiarti, M. Tourism., as my academic supervisor. Thank you for the

supports and advices in finishing my study.

5. All lecturers of English Department, Faculty of Letters and Fine Arts, Sebelas

Maret University.

6. Mr. Herianto Nababan, S.S., Mr. Sumardiono, S.S., and Mrs. Dwi Haryanti, as

my raters. Thank you for your help and cooperation.

7. Nicha, Ulfa and Rossa. Thank you for being my respondents.

8. My beloved parents for your support and endless love to me. I love you.

9. My sisters Ida and Fajar, thank you for always supporting and asking me when

will I finish my study. I love you my sista.

10. Edy M. Fata and Doni, my best friends. Thanks for your helps. I realize that

your support makes me have a huge spirit in doing my thesis.

viii

11. My Translation classmates, Hilda, Lydya, Tatan, Uus, Thori, Nanak, Agustin,

Nina T, Nina S, Ririn, Ficka, Erna, Ria. All of you are unique friends in my life.

12. All of my friends in English Department ’04. Tumpulz Gank, Three Maskentir,

I am happy to have friends like you and have great time together.

13. HMJ EDCOM, thanks for the best moment.

14. LPM Kalpadruma, Lina, Wira, Taufik, Lita, and friends.

Finally, I realize that this thesis is still far from being perfect, therefore I

would be very thankful for all the constructive suggestions and criticisms.

Surakarta, July 2009

Edy Triyanto

ix

TABLE OF CONTENT

THE APPROVAL OF THE SUPERVISOR .......................................... ii

THE APPROVAL OF THE BOARD OF EXAMINERS ...................... iii

PRONOUNCEMENT............................................................................. iv

MOTTO .................................................................................................. v

DEDICATION........................................................................................ vi

ACKNOWLEDGMENT......................................................................... vii

TABLE OF CONTENTS........................................................................ ix

ABSTRACT............................................................................................ xii

CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION............................................................ 1

A. Research Background ................................................................. 1

B. Research Problems...................................................................... 4

C. Research Objectives .................................................................... 4

D. Research Limitation .................................................................... 5

E. Research Benefits........................................................................ 5

F. Thesis Organization .................................................................... 6

CHAPTER II. LITERATURE REVIEW................................................ 7

A. Definition of Translation............................................................. 7

B. Process of Translation................................................................. 8

C. Problems in Translation .............................................................. 10

D. Quality Assessment of Translation ............................................. 12

E. Translation Technique................................................................. 17

F. Description of Movie .................................................................. 28

G. Subtitling in the Movie ............................................................... 30

H. Definition of Song....................................................................... 33

x

I. Summary of Happy Feet Movie.................................................. 34

J. Happy Feet Song......................................................................... 36

CHAPTER III. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY .................................. 38

A. Type of Research ........................................................................ 38

B. Data and Source of Data ............................................................. 39

C. Sample and Sampling Technique................................................ 40

D. Method of Data Collection.......................................................... 41

E. Technique of Data Analysis........................................................ 43

F. Research Procedure..................................................................... 44

Chapter IV. DATA ANALYSIS............................................................. 45

A. Introduction................................................................................. 45

B. Analysis....................................................................................... 46

1. Translation Techniques ......................................................... 46

1.1. Addition ......................................................................... 46

1.2. Reduction or Deletion .................................................... 48

1.3. Translation Shift............................................................. 50

1.3.1. Structural Shift from MH to HM........................... 51

1.3.2. Class Shift from Adjective to Adverb ................... 52

1.3.3. Class Shift from Noun to Adverb.......................... 53

1.3.4. Class Shift from Verb to Adjective ....................... 54

1.3.5. Unit Shift from Phrase to Word ............................ 55

1.4. Literal Translation.......................................................... 56

1.5. Free Translation ............................................................. 58

1.6. Modulation ..................................................................... 59

2. Translation Quality Assessment............................................ 60

2.1. Accuracy ........................................................................ 61

2.1.1. Classification A..................................................... 62

2.1.2. Classification B..................................................... 64

2.1.3. Classification C..................................................... 65

xi

2.1.4. Classification D..................................................... 65

2.2. Acceptability .................................................................. 68




2.3. Readability ..................................................................... 73




3. Discussion ............................................................................. 78

CHAPTER V. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS ........... 92

A. Conclusion .................................................................................. 92

B. Recommendations....................................................................... 94

BIBLIOGRAPHY................................................................................... 95

APPENDICES

xii

ABSTRACT

Edy Triyanto. C0304020. An Analysis of Techniques and Quality of Song Lyrics Translation in Animation Movie Entitled “Happy Feet”. Thesis: English Department. Faculty of Letters and Fine Arts. Sebelas Maret University, Surakarta.

This research focuses on the analysis of translation techniques applied in translating the song lyrics in the animation movie entitled “Happy Feet” and translation quality in term of accuracy, acceptability, and readability.

This research is descriptive qualitative study. The purposes of the research are (1) to describe the techniques used by the translator in translating song lyrics subtitle into Indonesian (2) to find out the quality of the translation in terms of accuracy, acceptability and readability.

The research employed purposive sampling technique. The source data were all song lyrics in the Happy Feet movie. The other data were obtained from the questionnaire distributed to three raters and three respondents. The total data in the movie were 172 data.

The analysis on the translation techniques shows that there are six techniques applied in translating the lyrics in the subtitle. The techniques are addition (16 data), reduction or deletion (55 data), translation shift (18 data), modulation (3 data), literal translation (67 data) and free translation (13 data).

The analysis on the translation accuracy shows that there are 105 data (61.05%) considered to be accurate, 50 data (29.07%) considered to be less accurate and 17 data (9.88%) considered to be very inaccurate. The analysis on the translation acceptability shows that there are 142 data (91.62%) considered to be acceptable and 13 data (8.38%) considered to be less acceptable. And the analysis on the translation readability shows that there are 117 data (75.48%) considered to be readable, 34 data (21.94%) considered to be less readable and 4 data (2.58%) considered to be unreadable.

The techniques resulting translation with high degree of accuracy is literal translation while the one resulting in inaccurate translation is reduction. The techniques resulting in acceptable translation are addition, translation shift, and modulation while techniques resulting in less acceptable translation are reduction and literal translation. The techniques resulting translation with high degree of readability is translation shift while the technique resulting in unreadable translation is literal translation.

xiii

CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

A. Research Background

Language is used by people to communicate since thousand years ago.

They can express their ideas to others with language, whether spoken or written

language. Meanwhile, translation is a medium to conduct between countries with

their different language and culture. Traditionally, translation was used to make

religious, literary, scientific or philosophical texts available to a wider audience

(Schwarz, 2002). During twentieth century, translation was commonly used by

an educated elite such in political and popular literature (Newmark, 1988).

Today, the written word is soon joined by a new area for translation,

which is a moving picture. By the development of technology, motion picture

which was silent movie (with few texts), since in late of 1920, the field of

translation of films began in the form of inter-titles inserted between the images.

The development of motion picture in the world is growing rapidly although it is

dominated by American movie under its popular label, “Hollywood”. Many

genres movie are produced today which aims to fulfill the people’s need of

entertainment by Production House (PH) such as Walt Disney Picture, Warner

Bros Picture and 21th Century.

xiv

Motion picture from United States can be watched by people all over the

world although they do not speak in the language used in the film. People can

understand the film by watching the motion picture which had been dubbed or by

reading the translation appearing in the form of one or two lines at the bottom of

the screen. In fact there are two main types of film translation, they are known as

dubbing and sub-titling. Gottlieb in Schwarz (2002) explains that with dubbing,

the translation is covert and the audience will only hear the target language (TL)

dialogue. Although the dialogue is spoken, it is not perfect because the lip does

not suit. Even so, the audience can understand and catch the message which is

delivered from SL into TL (Schwarz, 2002).

Unlike the medium for dubbing, the medium to deliver the message in

subtitling is a written TL version of the dialogue which is appearing on the

screen. Although there is no lip-synchronization, there must be some agreement

between the sub-titles, the spoken source language (SL) dialogue, and the

corresponding image (Baker, 1992).

Subtitle transposes spoken dialogue into writing text in the form of one

or two lines at the bottom of the screen (Pettit, 2004). Subtitle is not only used to

transpose language but also to transpose song which is sung in the movie. Many

movies insert song in some scenes, especially animation movies. It can increase

the feeling of the movie and can be an addition to deliver the story and the plot

which happen in the scene.

xv

Subtitling of song lyrics is beneficial for audiences. They can enjoy the

movie and the song while reading subtitle which appears on the screen. But

sometimes, the translation is not accurate. The researcher had ever watched the

animation movie which is inserted by song in some scenes and the researcher

interested with the song sung by the characters. When the researcher was seeing

the movie, the researcher found the translation which was not accurate. Here is a

lyric of Norma’s song

ST : So many songs but I feel so lonely

Where is the love?

You don’t need too beautiful to turn me on

TT : Ada banyak lagu tapi aku merasa sangat kesepian

Dimanakah cinta?

Kau tak perlu terlalu cantik untuk memikatku

In the example above, the translator translated “beautiful” into “cantik”.

In this scene, the singer is female and she sang to the male penguins, so the

suitable translation should be “tampan”.

From the example above, the researcher considers that to translate lyrics

does not only know the equivalent of the word in TL but also know the situation

(who, where, when, how and why) the song is sung.

xvi

The example above shows that the translation of lyrics in a movie is

interesting to be analyzed. The researcher is interested to analyze song lyrics

translation in movie, especially song lyrics in Happy Feet movie. It is a Box

Office animation movie which contains many songs within. That is why the

researcher takes “An Analysis of Techniques and Quality of Song Lyrics

Translation in Animation Movie Entitled “Happy Feet” as the Thesis.

The researcher tries to observe the techniques used by the translator and

the quality of the translation in terms of accuracy, acceptability and readability.

B. Research Problems

The researcher formulates the problem of the research as follows:

a. What techniques are used by the translator in translating song lyrics in

animation movie entitle “Happy Feet” from original language into Indonesian

language?

b. How is the quality in terms of accuracy, acceptability and readability of the

translation?

C. Research Objectives

There are two objectives in this research, they are:

xvii

1. To find out the techniques used by translator in process of translating song

lyrics in animation movie entitle “Happy Feet” from original version into

Indonesian language.

2. To find out the quality in terms of accuracy, acceptability and readability of

the translation.

D. Research Limitation

This research focuses on analyzing the techniques used by translator and

the quality of the translations in terms of accuracy, acceptability and readability

on song lyrics translation in movie entitle “Happy Feet”.

E. Research Benefits

The researcher expects that this research will be useful for:

1. Subtitler

The researcher expects this research will be useful to other movie translators

especially in translating a movie that contains songs inside. The researcher

also expects this research is valuable for the translator to develop their

knowledge in translating song lyrics in form of subtitle.

2. English Department Students

xviii

The researcher expects this research can improve the skill of English

Department students in translating lyrics and for those who want to dig more

knowledge on song lyrics translation in form of subtitle and also as the

reference on the same research for the tasks or thesis.

3. Other researchers, this research is hoped to be useful as a reference to give

information about movie subtitling and song lyrics subtitling especially for

those who want to conduct further research on song lyrics subtitling.

F. Thesis Organization

The researcher organizes the thesis into five chapters.

Chapter I : INTRODUCTION. It consists of Research Background,

Problem Statement, Research Objectives, Research Limitation,

Research Benefit and Organization of The Research.

Chapter II : LITERATURE REVIEW. It consists of Definition of

Translation, Process of Translation, Problems in Translation,

Quality Assessment of Translation, Translation Techniques,

Description of Movie, Subtitle in The Movie, Definition of Song,

Summary of Happy Feet Movie, and Happy Feet Song.

Chapter III : RESEARCH METHODOLOGY. It consists of Research

Methodology, Data and Source of Data, Sample and Sampling

xix

Technique, Research Procedure, Technique of Collecting Data,

and Technique of Analyzing Data.

Chapter IV : DATA ANALYSIS. It discusses about the research finding and

discussion of the study.

Chapter V : CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION.

xx

CHAPTER II

LITERATURE REVIEW

A. Definition of Translation

The point of translation is the replacement of representation of a text in one

language by a representation of an equivalent text in second language (Bell, 1991:6).

What mean by one language and second language are source language and target

language. If a translator translates English into Indonesia, the source language is

English and the target language is Indonesia.

An explanation by Nida and Taber in their book entitled The Theory and

Practice of Translation, the definition of translation as follows: “Translating consists

in producing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent to the message of

the source language, first in meaning and secondly in style.” (1969:33). Referring to

the state above, the aim of translation is not only transferring the message but also

transferring the expression form from ST into the TT.

In line with Nida & Taber, Simatupang states:

“Menerjemahkan adalah mengalihkan makna yang terdapat dalam bahasa sumber ke dalam bahasa sasaran dan mewujudkannya kembali di dalam bahasa sasaran dengan bentuk-bentuk yang sewajar mungkin menurut aturan-aturan yang berlaku dalam bahasa sasaran” (2000:2).

Bell further explains in his book entitled Translation and Translating Theory

and Practice, “Translation is the expression in another language (or target language)

xxi

of what has been expressed in another, source language, preserving semantic and

stylistic equivalences” (1991:6).

The explanation above explains the importance of transferring the equivalence

of meaning and style. As the result, a translator should maintain the message and also

the style of the source text in target text. For example, if the message in SL is in form

of a poem, the translator should reproduce the message in TL in form of a poem.

Referring to the explanations above, translation is transferring message from

source language to target language by reproducing the meaning in the same style or

form.

B. Process of Translation

The translation process is an activity during a person (the translator)

establishes equivalence between a text, or segments of a text, and another language

(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/translation_process). A translator has to be careful in the

process of translation because a mistake in one step will emerge mistake in other step.

There are several steps which have to be taken in translating text. The procedures are:

1) analysis, 2) transferring and 3) restructuring. The illustration by Suryawinata as

follows:

xxii

Source text

MIND PROCESS Transfer

Equivalent 2

Target text

Meaning of

Message

Meaning of

Message

Analysis Restructuring

Understanding Evaluation and Revision

1 3

Quoted from Suryawininata (1987:80) in Nababan (2003:25)

1. Analysis

The translator analyzes the text in terms of linguistic aspect, such as

grammatical, meaning (textual and contextual) and other aspects dealing with

the text such as social cultural meaning. In this phase the translator has to

understand the message of the text.

2. Transfer

xxiii

The translator transfers the content and message of source language

into target language. In this phase, the translator should find the right

equivalence for words, phrases, clauses and sentences of the SL into TL.

3. Restructuring

The translator restructures the draft of translation to make the final

translation so that it contains accurate message and fully acceptable in the

receptor language. Nida and Taber (1969) states “Restructuring in the

transferred material is restructured in order to make final message is fully

acceptable in the receptor language”.

C. Problems in translation

A good translator must be able to understand the SL entirely and then

transfer it to TL. To produce a good translation product, a translator must

concern about linguistic meaning, style, form, and grammar equivalence. A

translator may encounter problems when he/she translates a certain text. The

most problem of translation is that the message of ST must be transferred

equivalently to TL as well as its style.

The difficulties emerge in translating are often caused by several factors

likes difference system of source language with target language system,

xxiv

translator ability level difference and source language article quality level

(Nababan, 1999:55).

1. Difference system of SL with TL system

Each language has its own system. System in one language may

different with others, from the smallest word unit up to sentence unit, in terms

of grammatical, phonological and semantic. Indonesian nominal sentence does

not always use to be, for examples:

1. Mahasiswa yang berbaju merah itu rajin sekali

2. Dia adik saya

3. Bahasa adalah alat komunikasi

While in English grammatical system, to be (verb) is a must in nominal

sentence as the predicate, for examples:

1. The student in red is very diligent

2. He is my brother

(taken from Nababan, 1999: 55-56)

2. The semantics and stylistics complexity

Semantic complexity has a strong relation to the socio-cultural

background of the speaker’s language. It is the most complex problem to the

translator in translating a text. Nababan states:

xxv

“Perbedaan bahasa dan budaya – pada hakekatnya bahasa adalah juga budaya – ini akan menimbulkan permasalahan yang sangat rumit bagi seorang penerjemah terutama jika dia tidak akrab dengan budaya bahasa sumber dan bahasa sasaran” (1999:58).

Stylistic complexity is one of the causal factors as problems in

translation. The translator should be able to express the same style in the TL

although every text has different style. Literary text like poem, prose, and

drama will be expressed by a certain style and it is different from expressing

scientific text because both SL and TL have different cultural background and

system.

3. The translator’s competence

A translator is the main actor in translation process, hence

translator’s competence will determine the translation product. If he/she has

comprehensive competence (grammatical competence, sociolinguistic

competence, discourse competence, strategic competence and transfer

competence) in translation, the problems emerged in translation can be solved

easily. On the contrary, beginner translator who has limited competence will

face various problems. The quality of the translation will also be worse than a

professional translator.

4. The quality of the SL text

xxvi

The low quality of the source text will be a problem for the translator

because content or message of source language will be difficult to catch. The

examples of low quality of SL text are it contains grammatical error,

ambiguous sentence and spelling error.

D. Quality Assessment of Translation

A good translation has to transfer message from source language to

target language. The readers sometimes only read a translation text regardless of

text translation quality. The quality of translation is appreciable. Assessment

towards translation focuses in three things namely accuracy, acceptability and

readability. Assessing of translation quality is involved in translation criticism.

Not everybody can assess a translation. The most justifiably person to

assess a translation is other translator. A translation critic must fulfill some

criteria such as a translator must fully understand the sense and the meaning of

source text language, understand linguistic perception of SL and TL, familiar

with esthetical context and culture both of SL and TL, a translator should have a

perfect knowledge of both SL and TL (Schutle in Nababan, 1999:83)

Critic of a translation aims to know the strength and weakness of the

translation. Newmark (1988) explains that by the translation assessment, a

translation can improve the capability in translation because he/she will learn

from the mistakes in the previous translation and revise them in the next

xxvii

translation. Secondly, a translator will enlarge the knowledge about the source

language and target language that he/she will learn more about both languages to

make an acceptable translation in TL without leaving the norms of the SL.

Thirdly, an assessment of translation will finally formulate a guideline to decide

whether a translation is good or not.

Assessment of translation focuses in three things. They are accuracy,

acceptability and readability.

1. Accuracy

Accuracy is one of the factors which determine the quality of

translation. It deals with the transfer of content or message of source language

into target language. An accurate translation is the translation which is

transferred the message correctly into target text as well as its sense. Finlay

(1971:2) in his book entitled Teach Translation = Book Translation states that

“Normally, it is universally accepted that any translation worthy of the name

must reproduce the full sense of the original, omitting nothing and adding

nothing…..”

In line with Finlay, Simatupang states that “Dalam mengalihkan

makna dari bahasa atau teks sumber ke dalam bahasa atau teks sasaran harus

xxviii

dijaga agar tidak ada yang hilang dan tidak ada yang ditambah atau berubah”

(2000:131).

Accuracy assessment can be seen from how far the message from

source language can be conveyed to target language, is there any message that

is added or omitted. If the translation does not convey entire messages from

source language into target language it means that the translation is less

accurate and if the translation does not convey the message intended by the

writer of the text source, it means that the translation is inaccurate.

2. Acceptability

Acceptability covers the natural feeling of the text as an original of

the target reader. It deals with the target language system and its culture.

Shuttleworth and Cowie (in Ningrum, 2007) states, “Translation which lean

toward acceptability can thus be thought of as fulfilling the requirement of

‘reading as an original’ written in the TL rather than that of ‘reading as the

original’, and consequently generally have a more natural ‘feel” (1980:2).

The meaning that is transferred to target text must be delivered as

natural as of target language according its norms (Simatupang, 2000:131).

xxix

Moreover Toury (1995) states, “A translation belongs primarily to the target

literary system. Every translation occupies a position between the two poles of

adequacy or adherence to the norms (both linguistic and textual) of the source

system and acceptability or adherence of those of the target system.

Acceptability always deals with its natural in target language. Natural

in target language must be carried on so that the readers of translation result

do not realize that they are reading a translation. As stated by Finlay, “Ideally,

the translation should give the sense of the original in such a way that the

reader is unaware that he is reading a translation” (1971:2).

To produce an acceptable translation which sounds natural, a

translator should apply appropriate technique. Dewi states that to make a

translation sounds natural, a translator may in some extent reconstruct, adapt

or even rewrite whatever stated in the source text, not only translate it (in

Budiharjo, 2007). Thus, to produce acceptable translations, a translator must

express the transferred message in natural expressions in target language.

(Budiharjo, 2007:17).

As defined, we can conclude that a translation is considered to be

acceptable if the translation fulfills the requirement of natural and reading as

an original.

3. Readability

xxx

A translation is produced to be read by the target readers. According

to Richards et al, readability refers to how easily written materials can be read

and understood (in Nababan, 1999:62). Readability is important in translation

because translation cannot be separated from reading activity.

Readability influences the readers understanding of translation

message, therefore the translator should consider this aspect in translating a

text. A text which is easier to read and to understand is a good text translation.

According to Richard et al (in Nababan, 1999:63), there are three

factors influencing the readability of a text. First, is the average length of

sentences is a passage. Second is the number of new words a passage

contains. The last is the grammatical complexity of the language used.

Meanwhile, Nababan states there are four main factors influencing the

readability of a text. First, the diction used in a text. The second one is related

to sentences which a translator writes. The next factor is how the translator

arranges the idea of his or her translation. The last factor includes other factors

which have been mentioned. They are (1) the content of a text, (2) the

appearance of a text and (3) the ability of both the translator and the reader

(Nababan, 1999: 64-78).

F. Translation Technique

xxxi

Translation technique is the way of a translator to translate the text from

source language to target language. A translator in the process of translating

should apply translation technique to produce a good translation, the perception

of translation as the final product of the translated text in relation to the source

text. The translated text can provide a comparably incomplete and misleading

assumption about the process of translation. For example ignoring and

eliminating both problems and successful technique of the translation. Newmark

(1988: 81) states “Translation techniques are used for sentences and the smaller

units of language”.

Translation techniques that can be used in translation are below:

1. Addition

This technique used by adding some words in order to make the

translation clearer.

Suryawinata and Hariyanto say:

“Penambahan ini dilakukan karena petimbangan kejelasan makna. Disini penerjemah memasukkan informasi tambahan di dalam teks terjemahannya karena ia berpendapat bahwa pembaca memang memerlukannya.” (2003:74)

Example:

ST: Answering the call, he opens the door.

xxxii

TT: Sambil menjawab telepon, dia membuka pintu.

The example above shows that the gerund “answering” in source

language is transferred into different way in target language, by adding the

connector “sambil” in target language to adjust the target language structure.

2. Reduction or deletion

Reduction means the translator take away a structural element in the

target language. According to Suryawinata and Hariyanto (2003:75), this

technique is employed by omitting words of source language text in the target

language text. The omitting or deletion does not change the message of the

source text. It is applied when the translator thinks the omitting does not

change the meaning and to adjust the translation in the target language.

Example:

ST : Her husband is an engineer.

TT : Suaminya insinyur. (Suryawinata et al, 2003:68)

From the example above, it shows that words “is an” do not translated

into target language. However, the message or meaning does not change. It is

still clear in target language.

3. Translation Shift

xxxiii

This technique is used in order to overcome the different language

system between source language and target language. This concept of

technique is about grammatical rank at which translation equivalence is

established. Catford divides three types of translation shift, they are structural

shift, class shift (is similar to category shift), and unit shift (is similar to level

shift; is similar to rank shift)

a. Structural shifts

This type involves a grammatical change between the structure of the

source text and the target text. Catford (1965:77) states that this shift, in

grammar, can occur at all rank; at group rank and at clause rank.

Example:

SL : Green shirt

TL : Kaos hijau

The example of SL is a noun phrase and the structure is modifier

(green) and head (shirt), whereas the TL noun phrase structure is head

(kaos) and modifier (hijau). The example above shows the structural shift

at the group rank. The structure of English noun phrase will automatically

change as it shown in the example above, if it is translated into Indonesian.

xxxiv

Example:

SL : He took that stone

S F/P C

TL : Batu itu diambilnya

C P S

From the example above, the syntactic function of the SL clause is:

‘he’ as subject (S), ‘took’ as finite/predicator (F/P), ‘that stone’ as

complement (C). Meanwhile, in TL there are some changes. The TL clause

syntactic function is: ‘batu itu’ as subject, ‘diambil’ as predicator, ‘-nya’ as

complement. In SL, the position of the word ‘he’ is as subject. The word

‘he’ is replaced by the word ‘–nya’ in TL and it has position as

complement. In SL, the position of the phrase ‘that stone’ is complement.

Meanwhile, the phrase changes into the phrase ‘batu itu’ in TL and it has

position as subject (S). The syntactic function of the SL clause is S-F/P-C,

whereas the syntactic function of the TL clause is C-P-S. The example

above shows the structural shift at clause rank.

b. Class shifts (is similar to category shifts)

xxxv

Translation shift is called class shift when a source language item is

translated with a target language item which belongs to different

grammatical class. As stated by Catford (1965:78) that class shift occurs

when the translation equivalent of a SL item is a member of a different

class from the original item.

Example:

SL : He’s in danger

TL : Dia dalam keadaan bahaya

(taken from Simatupang, 2000: 91)

The word danger in the SL has syntactic category as a noun. And it

translated/changes into bahaya in the TL. The word bahaya syntactic

category is an adjective. From the example, it can be concluded that there

is a class shift from noun into adjective.

c. Unit shifts (is similar to level shifts; is similar to rank shifts)

This type of translation shift involves change in rank. As stated by

Catford (1965:79) that unit shift occurs when the translation equivalent of a

unit at one rank in the SL is a member of a different rank in the TL.

Example:

xxxvi

SL : He walks slowly

TL : Dia berjalan dengan pelan

From the example, it can be seen that the adverb slowly in the SL is

replaced by the prepositional phrase dengan pelan in the TL. There is a unit

shift from word (slowly) into phrase (dengan pelan).

4. Borrowing

Borrowing is done by having a loan of the original word of source text

and put that word in the target language text. As state by Suryawinata and

Hariyanto (2003:70), this technique is applied by taking the original term of

source language into the target language. It is employed for the word or phrase

related to the name of person, places, magazines, journals, titles, institutions,

and scientific terms (Suryawinata et al, 2003: 71). This technique is used

when there is no equivalent meaning of certain word in the target language or

it is done to show appreciation toward certain word.

Example:

SL : The skin consists of two main regions: the epidermis and the dermis. The

epidermis is the outer layer and consists chiefly of dead, dry, flattened

cells which rub off from time to time. More cells are produced from the

layers of living cells at the bottom of the epidermis. The dermis is the

xxxvii

deeper layer and consists of living cells of connective tissue, the lowest

layer being the cells which contain stored fat.

TL : Kulit terdiri dari dua bagian: epidermis dan dermis. Epidermis adalah

lapisan luar dan terutama terdiri dari sel-sel pipih yang telah kering dan

mati, yang selalu mengelupas. Banyak se diproduksi dari lapidan sel

hidup yang berada di dasar bagian epidermis. Bagian dermis adalah

lapisan dalam dan terdiri dari sel-sel hidup yang membentuk jaringan

penghubung, dan lapisan yang terdalam adalah sel-sel yang

mengandung simpanan lemak.

(taken from Suryawinata et al, 2003: 71-72)

The example above shows that word epidermis and dermis are

borrowed from the source language. It is used in the target text without any

changes. However, these biological terms meaning are not change.

5. Naturalization

This technique succeeds transference and adapts the source language

word, first to the normal pronunciation, then to the normal morphology of the

target language (Newmark, 1988:82). Suryawinata and Hariyanto (2003:71)

state that naturalization is the technique of borrowing in which the source

language is adjusted to grammatical pattern of target language.

xxxviii

Example:

SL : The president has the power to make treaties with other nations, with the

advice and consent of two-thirds of the Senate.

TL : Presiden memiliki kekuasaan untuk membuat perjanjian dengan Negara

lain atas saran dan persetujuan dari dua per tiga anggota Senat.

From the example, the words president and senate in SL is borrowed

into TL text and naturalized by making adjustment of grammatical pattern.

6. Synonym

This technique is used for a source language word where there is no

clear one to one equivalent, and the word is not important in the text.

(Newmark, 1988:84)

Example:

SL : What a cute baby you’ve got.

TL : Alangkah lucunya bayi anda.

(taken from Suryawinata et al,2003: 73)

7. Reduction and Expansion

xxxix

Reduction means to reduce the component of source language terms

(Suryawinata and Hariyanto, 2003:74). For example, the word “automobile” is

transferred as “mobil” in Indonesian. The translation is reduction because the

component “auto” in “automobile” is reduced in the target language.

Expansion means to expand the component of target language terms

(Suryawinata and Hariyanto, 2003:74). For example, the word “whale” is

transferred as “ikan paus” in Indonesian.

8. Modulation

This technique is many used to translate text in phrase, clause and

sentence rank. The translator looks the message of source language from

different aspect or different main set. This technique is usually used when

literal translation doesn’t produce natural and acceptable translation.

Vinay and Darbelnet in Newmark (1988:88) defines modulation as a

variation through a change of viewpoint, of perspective and very often of

category of thought. Suryawinata and Hariyanto (2003: 75-76) states that this

technique is employed when literal translation does not result a natural

translation.

Example:

ST: I broke my leg

xl

TT: kakiku patah

9. Free translation

This technique of translation focuses on the message of source

language. The translator is free to translate the text by his own words without

changing the idea and the message from source language into target language.

Catford states that “A free translation is always unbounded –

equivalences shunt up and down the rank scale, but tend to be at the higher

rank – sometimes between larger units than the sentence” (1965:25).

The translator must understand the entire message from source text

then translates it freely by his own words without changing the idea in the

source language text. The translator may change a word into phrase, phrase

into clause or etc. idiomatic terms and maxim usually use this type of

translation.

Example: SL: be my guest

TL: silakan!

The example above is a free translation. It is proved by the word

silakan as the result of the form change. The conception of Englishman who

hear or read this sentence will be same with Indonesian who hear or read

xli

silakan. By considering the meaning and the naturality of word, the translator

translates be my guest into silakan not jadilah tamu saya.

The example shows that this type of translation gives highest point to

the equivalence of meaning rather than the form.

10. Literal translation

This type of translation is used by the translator to transfers the

message of source language into target language by maintaining its original

form in source language. The translator translates using word-for-word

translation and then makes some adjustment such as inserting additional

words, changing structure at any rank, giving expansions or reductions of

some parts in conformity with grammatical system of target language.

Catford states as follow:

Literal translation lies between these extremes; it may start, as it were, from a word – for – word translation, but make changes in conformity with the TL grammar (i.e. inserting additional words, changing structure at any rank, etc); this may make it a group-group or clause-clause translation. (1965:25)

Example: SL: good time

TL: waktu yang bagus

xlii

In this translation, the translator firstly translates it word-for-word

and then makes some adjustments in the implementation. Considering target

language grammatical system, the translator placed adjective after noun and

makes addition to make it more natural in target language.

G. Description of Movie

Motion Picture is a series of images that are projected onto a screen to

create the illusion of motion (Tanis, 2006). Motion pictures also called movies,

films, the cinema, the silver screen, moving pictures, photoplays, picture shows

and flicks. It is one of the most popular forms of entertainment, enabling people

to immerse themselves in an imaginary world for a short period of time. As states

by Tanis (2006) that movies can teach people about history, science, human

behavior, and many other subjects. Some films combine entertainment with

instruction, to make the learning process more enjoyable. In all its forms, cinema

is an art as well as a business, and those who make motion pictures take great

pride in their creations.

Motion picture is all individual photographs. But when they appear

rapidly in succession, the human eye does not detect that they are separate

images. Today, many motion pictures are still recorded using specially designed

cameras and capture the images on roll film. A motion picture passes some

xliii

process before played in theater such as shot, processed, edited, enhanced with

special effects, mixed, and printed.

There are many types of motion pictures as explained in Microsoft

Encarta Student DVD 2009. It can be divided as follows: feature films, animated

films, documentaries, experimental films, industrial films, and educational films.

Feature films are the movies most commonly shown in large movie theaters.

Animated movies follow the same format as features, but use images

created by artists. These films create the illusion of movement from a series of

two-dimensional drawings, three-dimensional objects, or computer-generated

images (Tanis, 2006). For example are Beauty and the beast, The Lion King and

the film of this research Happy Feet are included in this type.

Different with other, the third type of motion picture, documentary is

not a fiction but a fact, Documentaries do not often appear in theaters, but they

are seen regularly on cable and broadcast television.

An experimental film is a sequence of images, literal or abstract, which

do not necessarily form a narrative. An experimental film can be animated, live

action, computer generated, or a combination of all three.

Industrial films are made by companies that wish to publicize their

products or generate a favorable public image. Educational films are specifically

xliv

intended to be shown in classrooms. Their aim is to instruct, on subjects from

history to driving skills.

H. Subtitling In the Movie

A film consists of image and sound (dialogue and music). Dialogue is to

communicate thoughts and senses of the actors/characters. There are two types of

translation for movie: (1) subtitle and (2) dubbing. Subtitle is a printed

translation of the dialogue in a foreign language movie, usually appearing at the

bottom of the screen. (Encarta Dictionary), while dubbing is the replacement of

the original soundtrack by the dubbers, as Finlay defines “the dubbing is the

replacement of the original soundtrack by a new one in another language” (1971:

82). Alireza Ameri (2007: online) states that dubbing of foreign films and TV

series into other language is subject to a number of linguistic, cultural and

political constraints (http://translationjournal.net/journal/42screenplay.htm).

Many movies use subtitle because it is more efficient rather than

dubbing. Dubbing has many weakness such as it takes longer process, the

original dialog is lost, pretends to be a domestic product, and some of the dialog

overlapping cases. While subtitle has some point plus such as it is cheap, it

respects the original integrity of the original dialog, reasonably quick, quality of

original actors' voices, it can promotes the learning of foreign languages, and it

does not allow the overlapping of dialog (Alireza Ameri, 2007: online)

xlv

In a film, the audiences may want to hear the real voices of their favorite

actors, and they also willing to understand the speech. It can do with subtitles.

Subtitling is needed when the audiences do not speak in the language used in the

dialogue in the movie, through subtitle they can catch and understand dialogue in

film. In this case the translator is demanded to be able to produce good

translation to comprehend the audiences.

In movie translation, besides reading the written script, the translator has

to watch the scene in order to produce the appropriate speech rhythm and

situation. It is different when translating movie because the translator should

consider the text box appropriate in the screen.

Several important factors in translating movie (1) timing, syllables and

breath group, (2) synchronization of consonants and vowels with obvious lip

movements by the actors, (3) words appropriate to the gestures, (4) the

characteristics differences of dialect in the various actors and (5) timing of humor

or expressions which produce special responses from other actors (Nida, 1964:

177).

According to Alireza Ameri (2007: online) There are some rule in

doing subtitle:

1. A maximum of two lines of horizontal subtitles at a time

2. A maximum of 35 characters for each line

xlvi

3. An average of 70 characters in two lines for a duration of about 6 seconds

4. The size of a subtitle is 1/12 of the total screen height

5. The subtitle projection has to be synchronized with the actual dialog and

removed when the actors stop speaking.

6. There has to be some time lag between subtitle projections.

7. A subtitle should not run over a cut or change of scene.

8. Recommended Typefaces are "Helvetica" and "Arial".

9. Type characters should be colored pale white (not snow bright) because a too

flashy pigment would tire the viewers' eye.

10. Sequence Dots {...} are used hen a subtitle sentence is not finished on one

flash and has to continue on a consecutive one.

11. Italics or quotation marks are used for Off-Screen (O.S.) voices, radio or TV

or loudspeaker, an inner thought, phone calls and narration.

12. Subtitles are usually placed at the bottom of the screen to guarantee minimum

pollution of the central image. They should be placed in a different area when

the background does not allow its reading or, alternatively, be superimposed

on a dark-colored box that will contrast with the written message and favour

its reading. Using a font which ensures their clear visibility and easy legibility

whilst distracting as little as possible from the picture.

I. Definition of song

xlvii

The word song refers to pieces of music that have words (Griffe,

1995:2). Further, song is short lyric or narrative text set to music. The music

often reproduces the mood of and lends a heightened emotional expression to the

song's text, which is often a poem. In modern usage, the term song is usually

restricted to compositions for one or two voices, frequently with instrumental

accompaniment (Vinton, 2008).

Song has melody and it is linguistically meaningful. Song has

resemblance with poetry, one type of the great literatures. Both songs and poetry

use words to convey meaning, both are usually written down before publication,

both can be put to music and both can be listened to. For examples are poetry

reading for poem and concert for songs.

Nevertheless, songs have their own identity and they function

differently from speech or poetry. According to Griffe (1995:3-4) it is possible to

note at least three features of songs:

1. Songs convey a lower amount of information than poetry. Even though poetry

can be heard, we usually read it, which permits longer and denser information.

2. Songs have more redundancy than poetry. Songs achieve redundancy by

devices such as the borrowing of lines from other songs, proverb,

catchphrases and cliché as well as alliteration. It is this high degree of

redundancy that makes songs sound so simple, especially when compared to

xlviii

the complexity and subtlety of poetry. The simplicity of songs is not,

however, a weak point. Because a song is heard for a short time, simplicity,

redundancy and a certain ‘expectedness’ contribute to our understanding

3. Songs have a personal quality that makes the listener react as if the song were

being sung for the listener personally. We are joined through the direct quality

of the song words (unlike a movie actor in a film, talking to another actor) to

the singer and through the singer to others in the audience even if we are at

home rather than at a concert. Thus songs have a socially unifying feature for

the selected audience. Songs create their own world of feeling and emotion,

and as we participate in the song, we participate in the world it creates.

J. Summary of “Happy Feet” Movie

Happy Feet is an animated film that goes beyond the laughs to bring up

many serious issues such as learning to be happy with whom you are, social

exclusion, self-expression and protecting animals and their habitats

(en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Happy_feet). Set in Antarctica, this Warner Bros. movie

depicts a colony of Emperor penguins who find their soul mates through song.

Memphis and Norma Jean, two of the Emperor nation inhabitants, fall in love

and then they have a baby named Mumble. Unfortunately, Mumble can not sing

like others baby penguins. Despite his inability to sing, Mumble has a unique

ability, he can tap dance! His dancing makes him an outsider among his Emperor

xlix

peers, but Mumble makes dancing friends in a neighboring Adelie penguin

community.

As Mumble and his friends share their dancing skills with the Emperor

penguins, the Elder penguins in charge of the colony are convinced that

Mumble’s “happy feet” are dangerous and responsible for the fish scarcity in

their region. Feeling like an outcast, Mumble embarks on a journey with his

Adelie friends to find out the truth about the disappearing fish. During this

adventure, Mumble realizes that his “happy feet” have the ability to save himself

and his community of Emperor penguins from going hungry.

Finally he can cross Antarctic pole and land at America. After found

drift ashore, he resides in zoo. There, he tries to nudge human heart to help

penguin to get the fish back. The struggle is not in vain. Human can be pulled the

attention with his "happy feet". Finally human realizes that large scale

exploitation at Antarctic causes penguin hunger and they decide to restrictions

fish catching on a large scale at Antarctic. Now mumble go home to the

homeland as a hero. Entire penguins get him return and he found his true love,

Gloria.

K. Happy Feet Songs

The movie Happy Feet is filled with music, each penguin has his/her

own song that shows their identity. These “heartsongs” are developed throughout

l

their whole lives in order to prepare for finding their soul mates, the person who

they will fall in love with (http://www.movietome.com/movie/313490/happy-

feet/forums/show_msgs.php?topic_id=927). The baby Emperor penguins even go

to school to learn how to find their heartsong. That is why being able to sing is so

important to the Emperor penguins.

The heartsongs are used mainly to express a very important emotion for

both animals and humans love. Everyone wants to feel loved and appreciated for

who they are. These songs are all supposed to come from deep inside the heart.

All of the songs in the movie represent many different genres of music and they

come from different time periods

(www2.warnerbros.com/happyfeet/pdf/find_your_heartsong). When Mumble

meets his Adelie friends, there are many songs with a Spanish or Latino

influence, as a way of showing that these penguins have a different culture from

the Emperor penguins who sing mostly American or British music.

There are some varieties of heartsong in Happy Feet movie which shows

that music can communicate many different things to others. Certain songs touch

people very strongly. There are various parts to any given song, some songs are

meant to express emotions such as happiness, love, sadness or anger, while other

songs send out a message through the use of the lyrics because songs are made

out of a combination of voices, instruments, the beat, the lyrics, and the tone of

the singer’s voice (www2.warnerbros.com/happyfeet/pdf/find_your_heartsong).

li

CHAPTER III

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

In this chapter, the researcher would like to present the research methodology.

It covers the type of research, the data source, samples and the sampling technique,

method of data collection, technique data analysis and research procedure.

A. Type of Research

The researcher employed a descriptive qualitative method in doing this

research. It means that the researcher conducted an investigation by analyzing the

selected data and did not propose any hypothesis. According to Mason and Bramble,

descriptive qualitative research describes situations, events, or phenomena (2000:38).

Based on the explanation above, the researcher only conducted this research

by collecting, arranging, and analyzing the data. The researcher then drew conclusion

based on interpretation after doing an investigation of analyzing data.

The data in this research are the song lyrics in “Happy Feet” movie. The data

were observed to find out the techniques used by the translator. Besides, this research

was also aimed to identify the accuracy, readability and acceptability aspects of the

translation.

lii

B. Data and Source of Data

According Fraenkel, “Data source is the kinds of information researchers

obtain on the subjects of their research” (2000:127). There are two kinds of data

which are used in this research. They are primary data and secondary data. The

primary data are all songs lyric in the Happy Feet movie and its Indonesian

translation. The ST data were taken from the script of the movie while TT were taken

from the subtitle of this movie in VCD original version issued by Warner Bross

Picture and distributed by Vision Home Entertainment in Indonesia. The VCD was

published at 20 February 2007 with No. STLS: 700 / VCD / R / 02.2008 / 2007.

The secondary data are scores collected from the informants assessing the

quality of the translation. There are two groups of informant. The first group

comprised raters. The raters assessed the quality of the translation in terms of

accuracy and acceptability. The second group consists of three respondents. The

respondents assessed the readability of the translation. To collect data from the

informants, the researcher distributed questionnaires to both of groups.

The researcher used Happy Feet the movie as the data source based on the

following considerations:

1. The movie is a box office movie which is produced by a big production,

Warner Bros Picture, so this movie is well known by people.

liii

2. It is a musical animation movie so it contains many songs which are sung by

not only one character but many characters so it is interesting to find out the

different lyrics from one character with others.

3. The songs in this movie contain story and help the audiences to follow the

plot of the story so the songs have important role to create the soul of the

movie.

C. Sample and Sampling Technique

The choosing of sample and sampling technique is necessary for the

researcher after describing about related theories. In this research, the researcher used

purposive sampling in determining the source of main data and informants. The

selection data was based on prior identified criteria to meet the objectives of the

research. The data are all song lyrics of “Happy Feet” movie.

Criteria for rater in this research are following:

1. Mastering English and Indonesian languages

2. Having competency and experience as a translator

3. Having adequate knowledge about translation

4. Willing to take part in the research

Criteria for correspondent in this research are following:

1. Mastering Indonesian language

liv

2. Teenage (15-19 years old)

This movie is about love, personal identity and environment (bad

effect of global warming). Teenage is the most audience for this

movie.

3. Willing to take part in the research

D. Method of Data Collection

The researcher carried out the following method to collecting the data:

1. Content Analysis

The researcher in carrying content analysis followed the following steps:

a. Replaying the movie entitle “Happy Feet”.

b. Reading the original script of the movie and its Indonesian subtitle.

c. Comparing both original script of song lyrics and its translation.

d. Taking the data from the source data and its translation.

e. Analyzing techniques used by the translator to render the song lyrics into

Indonesian.

2. Questionnaire

In this research there are two types of questionnaire: (1) closed format and (2)

open format. The closed format is in the form of scaled questionnaire, used to assess

the translation’s accuracy, acceptability and readability. The researcher distributed

lv

questionnaire containing scale for the translation’s accuracy and acceptability to the

raters.

The scales for accuracy are following:

Scale Description

4 Accurate, the content of the original lyric is accurately conveyed. The

message from source language is conveyed into target language

accurately.

3 Less accurate, the content of the original lyric is conveyed well. The

message from source language is not delivered into target text well.

2 Inaccurate if the content of the original lyric is not conveyed

accurately at all. There are shifts of meaning.

1 Very inaccurate, if the lyric is not translated as the result the message

is not conveyed to target language.

The scales for acceptability are bellow:

Scale Description

3 Acceptable, if the translation has natural of form of the target text.

The lyric sounds natural and almost does not feel like a translation.

There are no problem with the grammar.

2 Less acceptable, if the translation sounds clumsy. It contains a few of

lvi

grammatical error.

1 Unacceptable, if the translation sounds like a translation and

extremely clumsy in target language.

The researcher distributed questionnaire containing scale for the translation’s

readability to the respondents. The scale for readability is following:

Scale Description

4 Readable, if the song lyric translation is easy to understand. It is

understanable after the first reading.

3 Less readable, if the song lyric translation is less easy to understand. It

is understanable after reading the text twice.

2 Unreadable, if the song lyric translation is difficult to understand. It is

understanable after read many times.

1 Very unreadable, if the song lyric translation can not be understood,

the reader can not understand although it has been read many times.

The open format questionnaire is in the form of columns for the informants’

comments. Both raters and respondents can add comments in the columns which are

provided.

E. Technique data analysis

The data which had been collected were analyzed in the following ways:

lvii

1. Collecting the data in terms the lyrics of song and its translation in Indonesian.

2. Determining the translation techniques used by the translator to render the lyrics.

3. Gathering and classifying data according to the appropriateness of the translation

text to the source language.

4. Drawing conclusions and giving some recommendations.

F. Research Procedure

The procedures in the research are follows:

1. Collecting the data in the form of lyrics from original script and its translation

2. The data were classified according to how the lyrics are translated into Indonesian

3. The data were coded in order to make the data classification and the data analysis

easy to understand

4. The data were analyzed based on problem statements

5. The researcher drew some conclusions and provided some suggestions.

lviii

CHAPTER IV

DATA ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION

A. INTRODUCTION

This research aims to analyze the technique used by the translator in

translating song lyrics of Happy Feet movie and to assess the quality of the

translation in terms of accuracy, acceptability and readability. This chapter presents

and analyses the data to investigate the technique and quality of the translation. This

chapter consists of three parts. First is the introduction, second is analysis of the data

and the third is discussion.

There are two main questions that have to be answered as the aims of

conducting this research. As have been explained in the chapter I, these two main

questions are:

a. What technique used by the translator in translating song lyrics on

animation movie entitle “Happy Feet” from original language into

Indonesian language?

b. How is the quality in terms of accuracy, acceptability and readability

of the translation?

lix

The analysis of technique used by the translator will be discussed first, then

followed by the discussion of the result of quality assessment from respondents and

the latest is discussion.

G. ANALYSIS

1. Translation Techniques

The first analysis of this research is analyzing whole data in both source text

and target text. After analyzing it, the researcher finds some techniques used by the

translator in translating the lyrics from source language into target language.

1.1 Addition

Addition is applied by adding words or additional information in target

language in order to make the translation clearer (Suryawinata and Hariyanto, 2003:

74). This technique shows one of translator’s efforts to make the translation easy to

understand by the target reader.

Example 1:

ST: I only have eyes

TT: Aku hanya punya sepasang mata (Datum no. 4)

lx

From the example above, it can be seen that the translator adds a word

“sepasang” into the translation. The translator adds the word “sepasang” in

translating “eyes” in order to make the translation clearer. In addition, the translation

is more acceptable in target language. Lexically the word “eye” is equivalent to

“mata”. Suffix –s in English language means plural. Lexically “eyes” should be

translated into “banyak mata”. In order to make the translation more acceptable in

target language, the translator adds a word “sepasang”. The translator also considers

the lyric form of source. By adding the word “sepasang”, the style of lyric in the

translation can be maintained.

Example 2:

ST: Midnight creeps so slowly

TT: Malam merayap dengan perlahan

ST: into hearts of those

TT: merasuk kedalam hati mereka (Datum no. 49)

In this example, the addition can be seen clearly. The translator adds the

word “merasuk” into the translation. The translator might consider the previous lyric

in using addition to the translation. The previous lyric is “midnight creeps so slowly”

then continued by this lyric.

lxi

Literally, “into hearts of those” can be translated into “kedalam hati

mereka”. But the translator might consider the form of lyric and to make it has deeper

impression to the reader, the translator decides to add “merasuk” as an addition. This

technique is applied by the translator in order to maintain the form of lyric which can

create deep feeling and deep emotion to the reader.

The number of data belongs to this technique are listed below:

Technique Data number Total data Addition 004, 010, 013, 049,

050, 056, 059, 062, 070, 097, 114, 121, 125, 131, 144, 145

16

1.2 Reduction or Deletion

Reduction is applied by omitting words of source language text in the target

language text. This technique can be applied as long as it does not change the

message of source text (Suryawinata and Hariyanto, 2003:75). It means that the

contents of source language do not have significant change in target language.

Example 1:

lxii

ST: oh I try and I try and I try

TT: oh aku mencoba dan mencoba dan mencoba (Datum no. 71)

The example above belongs to this technique. It can be seen that the

translator delete word “I”. As the repetition, translator might consider to subtract the

repetition of subject to make it more effective in target language. In addition, the

translator also considers the rhythm of the lyric when it is sung. The contents of

source text are still maintained and do not be changed in target language.

Example 2:

ST: Well, since my baby left me,

TT: Sejak kekasihku meninggalkanku (Datum no. 33)

In this example, it can be seen that the translator omitted a word of source

text. The translator does not translate “well” into target text. He might consider that it

is not important and the deletion will not affect the meaning and message of the lyric

significantly.

However, some deletions applied by the translator are not conveyed the

messages from source text. The translator does not translate 17 data of the source

lxiii

text. It means that the translator delete it and does not deliver the message to target

language.

Example:

ST: Looking back on when I (Datum 155)

ST: Was a little nappy-headed boy (Datum 156)

ST: It’s like a jungle sometimes (Datum 157)

ST: It makes me wonder (Datum

158)

ST: How I keep from going under (Datum 159)

In the example above, the translator does not translate them. The source texts

are containing messages that have to be translated to target language. Since they are

part of the whole lyrics, the translator should translate them. However, the translator

might consider that these lyrics are sung in the end of the movie so he decides to not

translate them. The deletion of messages makes the translation is very inaccurate.

The list of data using this technique can be seen in the table below:

Technique Data number Total data Reduction or deletion 001, 003, 008, 009,

011, 012, 015, 016, 017, 023, 027, 031, 033, 037, 039, 042, 048, 053, 071, 073,

55

lxiv

077, 078, 088, 092, 093, 094, 096, 099, 102, 106, 115, 117, 124, 127, 135, 136, 148, 153, 154, 155, 156, 157, 158, 159, 160, 161, 162, 163, 164, 165, 166, 167,

169, 171, 172

1.3 Translation Shift

There are five types of translation shift found in this research. They are

structural shift from modifier-head to head-modifier, class shift from adjective into

adverb, class shift from noun to adverb, class shift from verb into adjective, and unit

shift from phrase into word.

a. Structural Shift from Modifier – Head into Head – Modifier

The English language system is different from Indonesian one. That is why

this technique is used by the translator to make an adjustment to the translation to

make it more acceptable in target language.

Example 1:

ST: It’s down at the end of Lonely Street

lxv

TT: Terletak di ujung jalan kesepian (Datum no. 035)

The example above shows that the noun phrase is translated using structural

shift modifier-head into head-modifier. In the ST, “Street” is head and “Lonely” as

the modifier. The modifier is put before the head (modifier-head system). While in

the translation, “jalan” as the head and “kesepian” as the modifier, head is put in

front of modifier. Indonesian grammar system rule uses head-modifier system so that

the translator should apply this adjustment.

Example 2:

ST: At Hearhbreak Hotel

TT: pada hotel patah hati (Datum no. 036)

The example above shows the change from modifier-head into head-

modifier. In the ST the head is “Hotel”. It is put after “hearthbreak”, the modifier.

While in the target text, “hotel” as head is put in front of modifier. This change is

used by the translator since Indonesian language system uses head-modifier system.


Technique Data number Total data Structural shift

Modifier-Head to Head-Modifier

035, 036 2

lxvi

b. Class Shift from Adjective into Adverb

Class shift from verb into adjective occurs when the translation equivalent of

a SL item is a member of a different class from the original item (Catford, 1965:78).

In this case the class shift is from adjective into adverb.

Example 1:

ST: Don’t push me

TT: Jangan dorong aku

ST: ‘Cause I am close to the edge

TT: Karena aku sudah di pinggir (Datum no 46)

From the example above, the ST is “Cause I am close to the edge”. It is

translated into “Karena aku sudah di pinggir” in TL. The word “close” in ST is

replaced by “sudah” in TL. The word “close” syntactic category is an adjective.

Meanwhile, the word “sudah” syntactic category is adverb. It shows the class shift

from adjective into adverb.

Example 2:

ST: I’ll make love to you

TT: Aku akan bermain denganmu

ST: Like you want me to

lxvii

TT: Saat kau menginginkanku (Datum no 101)

The example above shows the change from adjective into adverb. In the ST,

“like" is an adjective, and it is translated into "saat” which is adverb class. The

translator could translate “like” into “seperti”, but he might consider the impression

of the translation so he translates “like” into “saat”. The choice of word “saat” is

more impression to the reader than “seperti”.


Technique Data number Total data

Class shift

Adjective to adverb

046, 091, 101 3

c. Class Shift from Noun to Adverb

According to Catford (1965:78), class shift occurs when a source language

item is translated into different grammatical class in target language. The researcher

finds class shift from noun to adverb is used by the translator in translating the data in

this research. The researcher only finds one data that belongs to this class shift as

bellow:

ST: Each morning I get up, I die a little

TT: Setiap pagi kubangun, aku sedikit mati

lxviii

ST: Can barely stand on my feet

TT: Tidak mampu berdiri dengan tegak (Datum no. 61)

From the example above, “my feet” in ST is noun class word. It is translated

into “dengan tegak”, which belongs to adverb. It indicates that the translator applies

class shift from noun into adverb. However the translation is appropriate since the

translation does not affect the message rendering, moreover the translation sounds

natural and has good form of lyric.

d. Class Shift from Verb into Adjective

Class shift occurs when a source language item is translated into different

grammatical class in target language (Catford, 1965). The researcher finds this

technique is used by the translator to translate lyric from ST to TT in two data, they

are data no 29 and 41.

ST: Don’t have to be cool to rule my world

TT: tak perlu jadi yang terkeren untuk berkuasa di hidupku

(Datum no 29)

The example above shows that “to rule” in ST is a verb. It is translated by

the translator into “berkuasa” which belongs to adjective class. It indicates that the

translator applies class shift from verb into adjective.

lxix

e. Unit Shift from Phrase into Word

Unit shift from phrase into word occurs when the translation involves change

from phrase rank to word rank Catford (1965:79).

Example 1:

ST: Sleep, pretty darling, do not cry

TT: Tidurlah sayangku, jangan menangis (Datum no 5)

From the example above, “pretty darling” in ST is a noun phrase. It means

that it is in phrase rank. It is translated into “sayangku” which is in word rank. The

translator applies this technique to reduce ineffective word. However, the translator

maintains the message and form from ST to TT. And this technique is properly

enough to be applied in the translation above.

Example 2:

ST: daylight deals a bad hand

TT: Siang hari membawa kesialan (Datum no 98)

From the example above, “bad hand” in ST is in a phrase rank. It is

translated into “kesialan” which is in word rank. The change from phrase rank into

word rank indicates that the translator applies unit shift from phrase into word. The

content is conveyed well from source text into target text.

lxx



Unit shift from Phrase

into Word

005, 032, 051, 095,

098, 100, 116, 126,

138, 168

10

1.4. Literal Translation

This technique is used by the translator in most of the translation. The

translator translated using word-for-word translation and then made some

adjustments such as inserting additional words, changing structure at any rank, giving

expansions or reductions of some parts in conformity with grammatical system of

target language. Most of the data in this research are translated literally.

Example 1:

ST: I need your love

TT: Aku membutuhkan cintamu (Datum no 18)

The example above shows the literal translation technique. The translator

firstly translated the data word for word (aku membutuhkan kamu cinta) then he made

lxxi

an adjustment by moving the word “kamu” after “cinta” in order to make the

translation acceptable in target language.

Example 2:

ST: He came from the wrong side of town

TT: Dia berasal dari sisi kota yang salah (Datum no 143)

From the example above, the translator applies literal translation in the

translation. The data translated word for word into “dia berasal dari salah sisi kota”,

then the translator makes some adjustments by rearranging the structure to suit the

system in target language and add a conjunction “yang”. The final translation is “Dia

berasal dari sisi kota yang salah”. This translation is accurate and acceptable in

target language.


Technique Data number Total data Literal translation 002, 006, 007, 014,

018, 019, 020, 021, 024, 025, 028, 034, 038, 040, 044, 045, 047, 052, 054, 055, 058, 060, 063, 064, 067, 068, 069, 075, 079, 082, 083, 084, 085, 086, 087, 089, 090, 104, 107, 108, 109, 110, 111, 112, 113, 119, 120, 122,

67

lxxii

123, 129, 130, 132, 133, 134, 137, 139, 140, 141, 142, 143, 146, 147, 149, 150,

151, 152, 170

1.5. Free Translation

This technique is used by the translator according to the message of the

source text. The translator focuses on the message delivery from source text into

target text. It is translated freely so that the structure between source text and target

text is different. However, the message from the source text is conveyed to the target

text. The data contains figurative language since it is in form of lyric. This technique

is used by the translator to translate figurative language.

Example 1:

ST: The mirror stares you in the face

TT: Kau memandang dirimu sendiri di dalam cermin (Datum no 103)

From the example above, it can be seen that the translation of the data is

different in structure. “The mirror stares you in the face” is a figurative language and

the translator applies free translation to translate it into “kau memandang dirimu

sendiri di dalam cermin”. The message is conveyed from ST to TT.

Example 2:

lxxiii

ST: they say I got a lot of water in my brain

TT: meraka bilang aku bodoh (Datum no 74)

In the datum no 74 above, “I got a lot of water in my brain” is a figurative

language. It means stupid or nonsense. The translator translates it into “aku bodoh”

and this decision is appropriate and conveyed the main idea from ST into TT.


Technique Data number Total data Free translation 022, 026, 057, 065,

066, 072, 074, 080, 081, 103,105, 118,

128

13

1.6. Modulation

This technique is used by the translator when literal translation does not

result a natural translation (Suryawinata and Hariyanto, 2003). This kind of

translation technique can be a change of viewpoint or perspective.

Example 1:

ST: I got nobody left to believe in

TT: Tak ada yang percaya padaku (Datum no 76)

lxxiv

The example above shows the changing position of the object and the

subject. Here, the translator applies different perspective in translating the ST. If the

ST is translated literally, it will be “aku dapat tak seorangpun akan percaya padaku”.

This translation sounds uncommon in target language. In order to make the

translation appropriate in TL, the translator changes his perspective and translated the

text into “Tak ada yang percaya padaku”.

Example 2:

ST: You’re the particular song I’m compatible with

TT: Kaulah lagu yang cocok dengan diriku (Datum no 43)

The example above shows that the translator applies different perspective in

translating the ST. The translation above will be clumsy and sounds not natural if it is

translated literally. The translator needs to use different perspective in translating the

SL text in order to make it more appropriate and natural in the TL.



Modulation 030, 043, 076, 3

2. TRANSLATION QUALITY ASSESSMENT

lxxv

A research of a translation quality must be done according to the

methodology that has been determined. To assess the quality of translation, the

researcher distributed questionnaires to the raters, professional translators or people

who have a lot of translating experiences for assessing accuracy and acceptability,

and the respondents for assessing readability. In this research, there are three raters

who determine the appropriateness level. The raters were asked to complete

questionnaire that has been distributed to determine the level of accuracy and

acceptability. Meanwhile, the respondents were given questionnaires to evaluate the

level of readability. Both questionnaires for raters and respondents employed a close

and open format that means the raters and respondents may answer and give any

comments of the translation.

2.1. Accuracy

The researcher distributed a questionnaire to three raters. The questionnaire

contains questions and 172 song lyric data of Happy Feet movie. The raters

completed the questionnaire after watching Happy Feet movie. They compared the

source text to target text and then marked the score of accuracy and acceptability. It is

an open questionnaire which means that the raters may answer and give any

comment.

The accuracy of song lyrics translation is measured based on a scale of four

levels as shown in the table below:

lxxvi

Scale Description

4 Accurate, the content of the original lyric is accurately conveyed. The

message from source language is conveyed into target language

accurately.

3 Less accurate, the content of the original lyric is not conveyed well.

The message from source language is not delivered into target text

well.

2 Inaccurate if the content of the original lyric is not conveyed

accurately at all. There are shifts of meaning.

1 Very inaccurate, if the lyric is not translated as the result the message

is not conveyed to target language.

After collected all score from the raters and calculated all score, the data are

classified into four categories, as follows:

1. Classification A: Accurate, is data in scale 4.0

2. Classification B: Less Accurate, covers the data with mean score 2.6 - 3.9

3. Classification C: Inaccurate, covers the data with mean score 1.1 - 2.5

4. Classification D: Very Inaccurate, is the data in scale 1.0

lxxvii

From the total 172 data, there are 105 (61.05%) data accurately translated,

50 (29.07%) data less accurately translated and 17 (9.88%) data very inaccurately

translated and no data is translated inaccurately.

The detail analysis of the classifications of analysis as follows:

2.1.1. Classification A

In this classification, all data are considered accurate. The mean score of the

data in scale 4.0. It means that all the raters gave highest score to the data. Generally,

most of the data are categorized into this classification. There are 105 data from 172

data or 61.05% data that belong to this category. The description of an accurate

datum in this classification is the song lyric accurately conveyed into the target

language. It does not need any rewriting. These are some examples of data included

in this classification

Example 1:

ST: Are the stars out tonight?

TT: Apakah bintang-bintang hadir malam ini? (Datum no 2)

All of the three raters gave the data with scale 4. It indicates that the

translation is accurate. They considered that the message from the source language is

totally conveyed into the target language. The content of source text and target text is

lxxviii

equivalent. This is proved by the assessment of the raters which shows perfect score

for this datum.

Example 2:

ST: boys boys, Give a chick a chance

TT: teman-teman Berikan aku kesempatan (Datum no.32)

The example above was rated by the raters as translated accurately. They

have the same assessment to the data. The data contains slang word, “give a chick a

chance” means “berikan aku kesempatan”, and all raters agree with this translation

because the content from source text is delivered well to the target language.

2.1.2. Classification B

In this classification, all data are considered less accurate. The message

conveyed from source text into target text is less accurate. There are 50 data from 172

data or 29.7% belonging to this category. According to the raters, there are some

reasons why the data included into this classification. Firstly, not all the message

delivered well into target language. Secondly, the choice of equivalent word is

unsuitable. These are some examples of the data classified into this classification:

Example 1:

ST: Each morning I get up, I die a little

lxxix

TT: setiap pagi kubangun, aku sedikit mati (Datum no. 60)

The average score of the datum above is 3. The first rater commented that

the translation is not translated appropriately into target language. According to her,

the translation is translated literally and it is less expressive. In addition, she

considered that the italic phrase is translated less accurate. The third rater also made a

note to this translation. He suggested the translator to change “I die a little” into “aku

semakin sekarat”. It is more expressive than being translated into “aku sedikit mati”.

Example 2:

ST: you rule my world

TT: Kaulah hidupku (Datum no 42)

The datum includes to this category since the average score of the

assessment is 3.0. It means that the datum is less accurately translated from source

language into target language. The second rater commented that the translation is less

appropriate. He suggested changing the translation into “kaulah yang menguasai

hidupku”. In line with second rater, the third rater also commented that the translation

is less appropriate. He suggested “Kau berkuasa dihidupku” as the best translation

for the data.

2.1.3. Classification C

lxxx

In this classification, all data are considered inaccurate. There are no data

from 172 data can be included in this category.

2.1.4. Classification D

In this classification, all data are considered very inaccurate translation. The

content of source text is not conveyed at all into the target language. There are 19

data or 9.88% data included in this category. Those data are included into this

category because those data are not translated into target language. The translator

does not translate 17 data of lyrics and the raters assessed that it should be translated.

That is the reason for the raters to score it as inaccurate translation.

Example1:

ST: Look out

Look out

Look out

Look

Look out

TT: - (Datum no. 48)

The datum above is not translated into target language. According to the

three raters, it is very inaccurate. A translator should translate the text from SL to TL

lxxxi

and deliver the message. But the translator did not translate it. The third raters

suggested translating it into “perhatikanlah”.

Example2:

ST: Looking back on when I

TT: - (Datum no.155)

All raters gave the datum with lowest score. It means that the data is very

inaccurate. The translator misses the message because he does not translate it. The

third rater suggested “melihat kembali ketika aku” as the translation.

The classification of translation accuracy

Categories Data number Total number

Percentage

Accurate 002, 003, 004, 005, 006, 008, 009, 010, 011, 014, 018, 019, 020, 022, 024, 025, 032, 033, 035, 036, 038, 039, 040, 048, 049, 050, 051, 052, 053, 054, 056, 057, 058, 059, 061, 063, 064, 065, 066, 067, 069, 070, 071, 072,

105 61.05%

lxxxii

073, 074, 075, 078, 079, 080, 081, 083, 084, 085, 087, 088, 089, 090, 092, 094, 095, 096, 097, 098, 099, 102, 104, 105, 106, 107, 108, 109, 110, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115, 116, 117, 119, 120, 124, 125, 126, 127, 129, 130, 133, 136, 137, 140, 141, 142, 143, 144, 145, 146, 147, 149,

150, 151, 152, 154, 168 Less accurate 001, 007, 012, 013,

015, 016, 017, 021, 023, 026, 027, 028, 029, 030, 031, 034, 037, 041, 042, 043, 044, 045, 046, 047, 055, 060, 062, 068, 076, 077, 082, 086, 091, 093, 100, 101, 103, 118, 121, 122, 123, 128, 131, 132, 134, 135, 138, 139,

153, 170

50 29.07%

Inaccurate - 0 0% Very Inaccurate 148, 155, 156, 157,

158, 159, 160, 161, 162, 163, 164, 165,

166, 167, 169, 171, 172

17 9.88%

2.2 Acceptability

lxxxiii

Acceptability always deals with its natural in target language. The analysis

of acceptability based on the average score from the three raters who assessed and

gave score for the acceptability of song lyric translation from source text into target

text. The raters of acceptability are those who also assess accuracy of happy feet song

lyrics.

The acceptability of song lyrics translation is measured based on a scale of

three levels as shown in the table below:

Scale Description

3 Acceptable, if the translation has natural of form of the target text.

The lyric sounds natural and almost does not feel like a translation.

There are no problem with the grammar.

2 Less acceptable, if the translation sounds clumsy. It contains a few of

grammatical error.

1 Unacceptable, if the translation sounds like a translation and

extremely clumsy in target language.

There are three categorized in three classifications:

1. Classification A: Acceptable, is the data in score 3.0

2. Classification B: Less Acceptable, covers the data with mean score 1.1-2.9

3. Classification C: Unacceptable, is the data in score 1.0

lxxxiv

From 155 data, there are 142 (91.62%) data acceptable, 13 (8.38%) data are

less acceptable and no data are considered to be unacceptable translation. Mostly, the

translation is acceptable to target readers, means that the translation sounds natural

and does not like a translation in target language.

The detail analyses of the classifications of analysis are as follows


In this classification, all data are considered acceptable in target language.

The description of an acceptable data is that sounds natural as an Indonesian

expression. The lyric sounds natural and almost does not sound like a translation. In

addition, there is no problem with the grammar. The data of this classification are in

score 3.0. Most of the data belong to this classification. There are 142 (91.6%) data

from the entire data include in this classification. The following data are some

examples of the acceptable translation:

Example1:

ST: You don’t have to be cool to rule my world

TT: Kau tak perlu jadi yang terkeren untuk berkuasa di hidupku

(Datum no. 29)

lxxxv

All of the three raters gave highest score to the data. Score 3 were given

because the translation sounds natural and does not like a translation in target

language. The translation is grammatically correct in the target language. All raters

assessed that the translator translates the lyrics well. The translator can make the

translation text is acceptable in the target language. In addition, the raters noticed that

the translator can maintain the form of lyric from ST into TT.

Example 2:

ST: You’re the particular song I’m compatible with

TT: kaulah lagu yang cocok dengan diriku (Datum no. 43)

The second example is similar with the first one. The average score of

acceptability for this datum is 3. It means that all raters scored this datum 3. The

translation in target language sounds natural and does not like a translation. The

translator maintains the form of lyric in target text.


In this classification, all data are considered less acceptable in target

language. There are some grammatical mistakes, but it covers minor part of the entire

lxxxvi

text. There are 13 data belonging to this classification. The following data are some

examples of less acceptable translation

Example 1:

ST: Oh, baby, find me

TT: Sayangku, temukanlah aku (Datum no. 77)

The example above has average score 2.6. It indicates that not all of the

raters gave it highest score. According to the raters, the datum no 77 is less

acceptable. The third ratter gave it score 2 for less acceptable. The translation of

“Sayangku, temukanlah aku” sounds not natural. He also gave suggestion to translate

it into “Sayangku, datanglah padaku”. This translation will be more natural in target

language.

Example 2:

ST: Boogie wonderland

TT: Goyang tanah ajaib (Datum no 123)

The example above has average score 2.6. The second and third raters gave

score 3 while the first rater give score 2 to this datum. She argued that the translation

sounds clumsy and it is meaningless in target language. She suggested “goyang yang

indah” as the translation. This translation will be more acceptable in target language.

lxxxvii


In this classification, all data are considered unacceptable in target language.

The data belong to this classification employ uncommon terms in the target language

text and the translation sounds like a translation and extremely clumsy. However,

there is no single of data classified in this classification.

The classification of translation acceptability


Percentage

Acceptable 001, 002, 003, 004, 005, 006, 007, 008, 009, 010, 011, 012, 013, 014, 015, 017. 018, 019, 020, 021. 022, 023. 024, 025, 027, 029, 030, 031, 032, 033, 034, 035, 036, 037, 038, 039, 040, 041, 042, 043, 044, 045, 046, 048, 049, 050, 051, 052, 053, 054, 055, 056, 057, 058, 059, 061, 062, 063, 064, 065, 066, 068, 069, 070, 071, 072, 073, 074, 075, 076, 078, 079, 080, 081, 082, 083, 084, 085, 087, 088, 089, 090, 091, 092, 093, 094, 095, 096, 097, 098, 099, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 106, 107, 108,

142 91.62%

lxxxviii

109, 110, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115, 116, 117, 118, 119, 120, 121, 124, 125, 126, 127, 128, 129, 130, 131, 133, 136, 137, 138, 139, 140, 141, 142, 143, 144, 145, 146, 147, 149, 150, 151, 152, 153, 154,

168, 170 Less acceptable 016, 026, 028, 047,

060, 067, 077, 086, 122, 123, 132, 134, 135

13 8.38%

Unacceptable - 0 0%

2.3. Readability

Readability has important part of establishing the quality of translation.

Readability always deals with how easy the readers understand the translation. The

analysis of readability based on the average score from the three respondents who

assessed and gave score for the readability of song lyric translation from source text

into target text. The researcher distributed questionnaires to three respondents. The

questionnaire contains 155 data of Happy Feet song lyrics. The data are the

translation in target language only. The respondents completed the questionnaire after

watching happy feet movie. It is an open questionnaire, so the respondents may

answer and give any comment.

lxxxix

The readability of the song lyric translation in the target text is measured by

the scales below:

Scale Description

4 Readable, if the song lyric translation is easy to understand. It is

understanable after the first reading.

3 Less readable, if the song lyric translation is less easy to understand. It

is understanable after reading the text twice.

2 Unreadable, if the song lyric translation is difficult to understand. It is

understanable after read many times.

1 Very unreadable, if the song lyric translation can not be understood,

the reader can not understand although it has been read many times.

The researcher picks up three respondents around the age 15-19 years old to

assess the readability of the song lyric translation. Furthermore, those respondents are

signed with R1, R2, and R3.

The readability data is categorized into four classifications:

1. Classification A: Readable, is data in scale 4.0

2. Classification B: Less Readable, covers the data with mean score 2.6-3.9

3. Classification C: Unreadable, covers the data with mean score 1.1-2.5

4. Classification D: Very Unreadable, is the data in scale 1.0

xc

From the total 155 data, there are 117 (75.48%) data which are readable, 34

(21.94%) data are less readable and 4 (2.58%) is unreadable. Mostly, the translations

are readable for target readers.

The detail analysis of the classifications as follows:


In this classification, all data are considered readable in target language. The

readers can understand the meaning of the translation easily. Most of data belong to

this classification. It covers 75.48% of the entire data. These are some example of

readable data:

Example 1:

Katakan padaku hal yang indah (Datum no 10)

Aku membutuhkan cintamu (Datum no 18)

Kau tak perlu menjadi kaya untuk jadi kekasihku (Datum no 28)

Dan aku berkata, “Aku merasa sangat kesepian” (Datum no 37)

From the examples above, all of three respondents gave the highest score to

those data. It means that the data readable, they understood the content of the

translation easily in reading it once time. The translator chooses the words that are

easily to understand by the target readers.

xci


In this classification, all data are considered less readable in target language.

The respondents have a little difficulty in understanding the message of the

translation text. However, they could understand the meaning after reading the text

twice. There are 34 data or 21.94% data belong to this category. For example:

Aku berusaha tak kehilangan kepalaku (Datum no 47)

Setiap pagi kubangun, aku sedikit mati (Datum no 60)

Merasuk kedalam hati mereka ynag butuh lebih dari yang didapat

(Datum no 126)

The examples above have the average score in range 2.6 – 3.9. It means that

the text is less readable. The respondents did not understand the meaning of text in

reading once time. After reread they could catch the message and understand the

content. Most of data which includes to this category are a verbal phrase or adjective

phrase.


In this classification, all data are considered unreadable. The respondents

have a difficulty in understanding the message of text. The respondents have to do

xcii

hard effort by reading it many times to get the point. After reread the text many times,

the respondents can understand the message. It means that the text is unreadable

because the readers have to reread it many time or do hard effort to get the point. The

translation is hard to understand. There are 4 data belongs to this category.

Goyang tanah ajaib (Datum no 122, 123, 132, 134)

The text above appears four times as the translation from source text. The

entire respondents have problem to understand the text. The text is clumsy and

strange to the respondents. After reread many times they can understand that the point

is “goyang”. From this example, the translator failed to translate the text from source

text into TT because the readers do not understand it easily.

The classification of translation readability


Percentage

Readable 001, 003, 004, 005, 006, 007, 009, 010, 011, 012, 013, 014, 015, 018, 020, 021. 022, 023. 024, 025, 028, 029, 031, 032, 033, 034, 035, 036, 037, 038, 039, 040, 041, 042, 044, 045, 049, 050, 054, 056, 057, 058, 059, 061, 062, 064, 065, 067, 068, 069, 070, 071, 072, 073, 074, 075,

117 (75.48%)

xciii

076, 077, 078, 079, 080, 081, 084, 085, 087, 088, 091, 092, 093, 094, 095, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 106, 107, 108, 109, 110, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115, 118, 119, 120, 121, 124, 125, 128, 129, 130, 131, 133, 135, 136, 137, 138, 139, 140, 141, 144, 145, 146, 147, 149, 150, 151,

152, 153, 154, 168, 170 Less readable 002, 008, 016, 017,

019, 026, 027, 030, 043, 046, 047, 048, 051, 052, 053, 055, 060, 063, 066, 082, 083, 086, 089, 090, 096, 097, 098, 099, 116, 117, 126, 127,

142, 143

34 21.94%

Unreadable 122, 123, 132, 134 4 2.58% Very Unreadable - 0 0%

3. DISCUSSION

This subchapter will discuss the translation techniques and the impact of the

techniques on the quality of the translation in term of accuracy, acceptability and

readability. It is divided into two parts; what techniques are used by the translator and

the impact of the technique used on the translation to the quality of the translation.

xciv

1. The techniques applied in the translation of Happy Feet song lyrics into

Indonesian.

In the beginning of this chapter, the research has explained the analysis of

technique used by the translator to translate song lyrics from its original language into

Indonesia. Considering the analysis, the research finds six techniques applied on the

translation. They are addition, reduction or deletion, translation shift, modulation,

literal translation and free translation.

Considering the result of research, the translator mostly uses the literal

translation technique. The translator translates the text in word for word then he

makes some adjustments to make the translation acceptable and readable in target

language. As stated by Newmark that literal translation is the basic of translation

procedure (1988:70). This technique is very appropriate to translate lyrics in the form

of subtitle for several reasons. First, there are few problems of equivalent words from

source text into target text. Second, most of data are in simple phrase and simple

clause. The selection of literal technique is very appropriate.

Another technique which is used by the translator is reduction or deletion.

The use of this technique is appropriate to translate the data for several reasons, such

as the translator tries to maintain the form of lyric in source text into target text by

xcv

removing unimportant words. Lyric is one kind of literature because it contains the

connotative meaning (Griffe, 1995:4).

In reduction, the translator might consider its form of subtitle so that the

translator must translate the text as ideal in target language in order to make the

translation result can follow the subtitle rules in writing. Some English words have

more than one or two equivalents in Indonesian. That is the reason this reduction

techniques is used to remove or delete a word which is less effective. In reduction, the

remove of this word does not change the meaning of source language in target

language.

However, the translator also uses deletion to some data that means the

translator deletes the message and does not convey the message to target text. The

translator does not translate some lyrics from source language. It affects the messages

that are not delivered to the readers. The lyrics which are not translated are in the last

scene of the movie. It might be the consideration for the translation. However, as the

translator, he has to deliver all the contents or message from source text to target text.

Other technique used by the translators is addition. This technique is used by

the translator to make the message which is conveyed from source text to target text

clearer. An addition that is used by translator does not change the message from

source text to target text, but it gives clearer meaning. In addition, the translator tries

to maintain the form of the lyrics on the target text.

xcvi

The addition used by the translator does not change the content from source

text to target text. Instead, this addition makes the translation more impressive to the

readers. The choice of word used by the translator is very suitable. The addition by

the translator is still in the word rank. It is considered that the target text is in form of

subtitle so the suitable addition is in the word rank. Some addition are considered to

be very precise because this makes the text becomes very acceptable in Indonesian

language. In this case, the translator can be said good in selecting words for the

addition word.

Another technique used by the translator is translation shift. This strategy is

divided into five types. They are structural shift from modifier-head to head-modifier,

class shift from adjective into adverb, class shift from noun to adverb, class shift from

verb into adjective, unit shift from phrase into word. The different system between

source language and target language demand translation shift to be applied in the

translation process. Generally, the data employ this strategy is considered accurate.

Structural shift is applied by the translator in translating because the different system

between source language and target language. This technique involves a grammatical

change between the structure of the source text and the target text. The researcher

finds structural shift from modifier-head into head-modifier. English grammatical

system uses modifier-head as its default, while in Indonesian language system uses

head-modifier. The use of this technique aims to make the translation as natural as in

target language so that the translation is acceptable.

xcvii

Another translation shift that is found in the translation is class shift. The

researcher identifies three types of class shifts used by the translator. There are class

shift from adjective into adverb, class shift from noun to adverb, class shift from verb

into adjective. Those techniques used by the translator are applied by changing the

class word of source text in target text. Class shift from adjective to adverb means

that the original word in source text is an adjective and it is translated into adverb in

target language. As stated by Catford (1965:78), those class shifts occur when the

translation equivalent of a SL item is a member of a different class from the original

item. However, from the analysis, the used of class shift does not change the meaning

from source text to target text.

Another translation shift is unit shift. This technique is also found by the

researcher in the analysis. There is unit shift from phrase into word that is identified

by the researcher. The use of unit shift from phrase into word is appropriate since the

translation is acceptable in target language and the content is conveyed well to target

language.

Technique of modulation is also applied by the translator to translate the

data. In this translation, the technique is used to translate text in phrase, clause rank.

The translator looks the message of source language from different aspect or different

main set. The use of modulation creates a different way of convey the message in

target language, but the message is still the same.

xcviii

The last technique used by the translator is free translator. The form of lyric

contains figurative language. This figurative language data are translated by the

translator by using free translation technique. The translator works hard to translate

figurative language, since the translator has to deliver the message of figurative

language to the target text and still maintain the figurative language in target

language. From 13 data which are included in this technique, nine data (69.2%) are

scored as accurate by the raters. It means that the translator have done its job well

although some translations are scored less accurate by the raters.

2. Accuracy

Accuracy is one of the factors which determine the quality of translation. It

deals with the transfer of content or message from source language into target

language. An accurate translation if the message is transferred correctly into target

text as well as its sense. Therefore, in order to produce an accurate translation the

translator uses suitable technique.

The relationship between translation techniques and accuracy

Technique Accurate Less Accurate Inaccurate Very Inaccurate

004, 010, 049, 050, 056, 059, 070, 097, 114, 125, 144, 145

013, 062, 121, 131

- - Addition

12 (75%) 4 (25%) - - Reduction or 003, 008, 009, 001, 012, 015, - 148, 155,

xcix

011, 033, 039, 048, 053, 071, 073, 078, 088, 092, 094, 096, 099, 102, 106, 115, 117, 124, 127, 136, 154

016, 017, 023, 027, 031, 037, 042, 077, 093,

135, 153

156, 157, 158, 159, 160, 161, 162, 163, 164, 165, 166, 167, 169, 171,

172

Deletion

24 (43.6%) 14 (25.5%) - 17 (30.9%)

005, 032, 035, 036, 051, 061, 095, 098, 116,

126, 168

029, 041, 046, 091, 100, 101,

138

- - Translation Shift

11 (61.11%) 7 (38.89%) - - 002, 006, 014, 018, 019, 020, 024, 025, 028, 034, 038, 040, 044, 052, 054, 055, 058, 060, 063, 064, 067, 068, 069, 075, 079, 082, 083, 084, 085, 086, 087, 089, 090, 104, 107, 108, 109, 110, 111, 112, 113, 119, 120, 129, 130, 133, 137, 139, 140, 141, 142, 143, 146, 147, 149, 150, 151,

152

007, 021, 045, 047, 122, 123, 132, 134, 170

- - Literal

58 (86.6%) 9 (13.4%) - - 022, 057, 065, 066, 072, 074, 080, 081, 105

026, 103, 118, 128

- - Free

9 (69.2%) 4 (30.8%) - -

c

- 030, 043, 076 - - Modulation - 3 (100%) - -

Most of the data are included in accurate classification, means that the

translations mostly conveyed well in target text. There are 105 data or 61.05% of total

data are included into this classification. However, 50 data or 29.07% of total data are

less accurate and 17 data or (9.88%) are very inaccurate which make the whole

translation can not be said as accurate translation. Most data of this classification are

translated by using literal translation technique and reduction techniques. There is no

technique resulting in 100% accurate translation.

The techniques contribute in resulting accurate translation are addition,

reduction, translation shift, modulation, literal and free translation technique.

However, not all of the data which used those techniques delivered the message well.

For example is reduction, 25.5% data of reduction technique are translated less

accurate. This happens because there are any important points from source text that

are not conveyed to target text. Still in reduction or deletion, there are 30.9% data are

very inaccurate. The translator does not translate it so the messages do not convey at

all to target language.

While the technique used by the translator which produces less accurate

translation is modulation. The data portraying this technique have the mean score in

range 2.6-3.9. Modulation makes the data have different structural form, as the result

ci

not all of the messages are conveyed to target language although the main idea has

been delivered.

There are some data classified as very inaccurate since the translator did not

translate it to target language. There are 17 data (9.88%) from 172 data which are not

translated by the translator. If the readers need its translation, they need to know what

the meaning of song which is sung by the characters.

Considering the result above, the techniques used by the translator are

appropriate. There are 61.05% data transferred accurately and 29.07% translated less

accurate. Meanwhile, 9.88% data are very inaccurate because those data are not

translated.

3. Acceptability

Acceptability always deals with its natural in target language. Natural in

target language must be carried on so that the readers do not realize that they are

reading a translation. Based on the analysis, there are 91.62% data are acceptable and

8.38% data are less acceptable and no translation data belong to inacceptable data.

Most of the translations are included in acceptable classification, means that the

translation sounds natural and does not like translation in target language.

The relationship between translation techniques and acceptability

cii

Technique Acceptable Less acceptable Unacceptable 004, 010, 013, 049, 050, 056, 059, 062, 070, 097, 114, 121, 125, 131, 144,

145

- - Addition

16 (100%) - - 001, 003, 008, 009, 011, 012, 015, 017, 023, 027, 031, 033, 037, 039, 042, 048, 053, 071, 073, 078, 088, 092, 093, 094, 096, 099, 102, 106, 115, 117, 124, 127, 136,

153, 154

016, 077, 135 - Reduction

35 (92.1%) 3 (7.9%) - 005, 029, 032, 035, 036, 041, 046, 051, 061, 091, 095, 098, 100, 101, 116, 126, 138, 168


18 (100%) - - Literal 002, 006, 007,

014, 018, 019, 020, 021, 024, 025, 034, 038, 040, 044, 045, 052, 054, 055, 058, 063, 064, 068, 069, 075, 079, 082, 083, 084, 085, 087, 089, 090, 104, 107, 108, 109, 110, 111, 112, 113, 119, 120,

028, 047, 060, 067, 086, 122, 123, 132, 134,

-

ciii

129, 130, 133, 137, 139, 140, 141, 142, 143, 146, 147, 149, 150, 151, 152,

170 58 (86.6%) 9 (13.4%) -

022, 057, 065, 066, 072, 074, 080, 081, 103, 105, 118, 128

26 Free

12 (92.3%) 1 (7.7%) - 030, 043, 076 - - Modulation

3 (100%) - -

All of techniques used by the translator contribute in resulting acceptable

translation in target language. For example, the use of translation shift is an

appropriate technique. The translator adjusts the structure from source language into

target language in order to make the translation acceptable in target language. It

means that the translator has a good competence on translating the data. However,

there are 13 data or 8.38% of translation result that are less acceptable. Those data

have average score in range 1.1-2.9. Those 13 data which are less accurate apply

reduction, literal translation, and free translation technique.

From the data given to the three raters, 17 data which are not translated from

source language into target language are not scored by them. According to

Shuttleworth and Cowie (in Ningrum, 2007), acceptability is close to target language.

It means that quality of acceptability depends on its correct grammar in target

civ

language. Meanwhile, the data of lyrics are not translated to target language. It means

that no text have to be assessed.

Considering the result above, the techniques used by the translator are

appropriate. There are 91.62% data transferred acceptable in target language and

8.38% translated less acceptable. It means that the translator has good competence in

translating text from source language into an acceptable text in target language.

4. Readability

Readability refers to how easy written materials can be read and understood.

It is important since a translation can not be separated from reading activity, a good

translation should produce a readability translation.

The relationship between translation techniques and readability

Technique Readable Less readable

Unreadable Very unreadable

004, 010, 013, 049, 050, 056, 059, 062, 070, 114, 121, 125, 131, 144, 145

097 - - Addition

15 (93.8%) 1 (6.2%) - - Reduction 001, 003, 009, 008, 016, - -

cv

011, 012, 015, 023, 031, 033, 037, 039, 042, 071, 073, 077, 078, 088, 092, 093, 094, 102, 106, 115, 124, 135, 136, 153,

154

017, 027, 048, 053, 096, 099, 117, 127

28 (73.7%) 10 (26.3%) - - 005, 029, 032, 035, 036, 041, 061, 095, 101, 091, 100, 138,

168

046, 051, 098, 116,

126


13 (72.22%) 5 (27.78%) - - 006, 007, 014, 018, 020, 021, 024, 025, 028, 034, 038, 040, 044, 045, 054, 058, 064, 067, 068, 069, 075, 079, 084, 085, 087, 104, 107, 108, 109, 110, 111, 112, 113, 119, 120, 129, 130, 133, 137, 139, 140, 141, 146, 147, 149, 150, 151, 152,

170

002, 019, 047, 052, 055, 060, 063, 082, 083, 086, 089, 090, 142, 143

122, 123, 132, 134

- Literal

49 (73.1%) 14 (20.9%) 4 (6%) - 022, 057, 065, 072, 074, 080, 081, 103, 105,

118, 128

026, 066, - - Free

11 (84.6%) 2 (15.4%) - - 030, 076 043 - - Modulation

2 (66.7%) 1 (33.3%) - -

cvi

Based on the analysis, there are 75.48% data readable, 21.94% data less

readable, 4 (2.58%) that are unreadable and no translation data include as very

unreadable. Most of the translations are readable in target language.

The target of this movie is all age from children, teenage, to adult. However,

the researcher took three respondents from teenage based on some considerations. In

this age, they like animation movie and they know which is good and bad one. The

most important is they master Indonesian language. All respondents gave positive

responds to the translation. Most of the data are readable for them. However, there are

some less readable and unreadable translations since the data are lyrics which contain

figurative language. Another problem, the translation cut in the subtitle is not

appropriate.

All techniques used by the translator contribute to readable translation for

the readers. The technique resulting translation with high degree of readability is

addition. However, some techniques contribute to less readable data such as addition,

reduction, translation shift and literal translation. The use of free translation technique

contributes to produce readable translation. It means that the translation has a good

competence in translating lyrics text in general and figurative language text in

specific.

cvii

CHAPTER V

CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

A. CONCLUSION

After analyzing the data based on the two problem statements, conclusions can be

drawn as follows:

1. There are six techniques found in the translation of song lyrics in the Happy

Feet movie, they are addition (16 data or 9.30%) reduction or deletion (55

data or 31.99%), translation shift (18 data or 10.45%), literal translation (67

data or 38.95 %), free translation (13 data or 7.57%) and modulation (3 data

or 1.74%). Literal translation technique is the commonest technique used by

the translator to translate song lyrics in the movie. There are 67 data (38.95%)

included in this translation.

2. Based on the quality assessment of the translation, it is generally concluded

that the translation of song lyrics in happy Feet Movie is good. In term of

accuracy, the researcher finds that 105 data or 61.05% from total data are

accurate, 50 data or 29.07% data are less accurate and 17 data or 9.88% are

very inaccurate. In term of acceptability, the researcher finds that 142 data

from 155 total data or 91.62% are acceptable in target language, 13 data or

8.38% are less acceptable. In term of readability, the researcher finds that 117

cviii

data from total 155 data or 75.48% are readable in target language, 34 data or

21.94% are less readable and 4 data or 2.58% are unreadable.

Almost all translation techniques found in the data convey the message of the

data accurately and naturally in the target language. Most of the translations

are readable for target readers. The techniques resulting translation with high

degree of accuracy is literal translation. Meanwhile, the technique resulting

very inaccurate translation is reduction or deletion. It is due to the fact that

deletion technique applied by the translator does not convey the message from

source text to target text.

In terms of acceptability, the techniques resulting in acceptable

translation are addition, translation shift, and modulation. Meanwhile, the

techniques resulting low degree of acceptability are reduction and literal

translation.

In terms of readability, the techniques resulting translation with high

degree of readability is addition, while the one technique resulting unreadable

translation is literal translation.

B. RECOMMENDATION

cix

1. The Subtitler

The use of reduction technique is hard to avoid in subtitling. Deletion,

however is not a wise decision because the message is lost. The technique of

reduction might be suggested as long as it does not distort the message.

Although literal technique is mostly used in the song lyric translation

and might produce accurate, acceptable and readable translation, this

technique is not suggested to be used to translate complex sentences. If it is

used to translate complex sentences, the translations are usually less accurate,

less acceptable and less readable even unreadable.

2. Other researchers

The research focuses on technique of translation and quality of

translation in term of accuracy, acceptability and readability of song lyrics

translation in Happy Feet movie. Further research can be done by another

researcher on translating song lyrics with a deeper study. Other researchers

may conduct research about song lyric not only in the form of subtitle but also

in a form of album and find out the strategy and quality of the translation. The

use of figurative language is an interesting subject to be taken as a research,

since the translation of some figurative languages in this research is less

accurate.

cx

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Ameri, Alizera. 2007. A to Z of Screenplay Translation. Online: http://translationjournal.net/journal/42screenplay.htm

Baker, Mona. 1992. In Other Words A Coursebook on Translation. London: Sage Publication.

Bell, Roger.T. 1991. Translation and Translating Theory and Practice. London and New York: Longman.

Budiharjo, Bayu. 2007. Quality Assesament of translation produced by Transtool version 9 and Kataku onine translation service provider and strengths and weakness of service provider and in translation English news text and Short story text into Indonesia. Unpublished Thesis. Surakarta: Sebelas Maret University.

Catford, J. C. 1965. Linguistic Theory of Translation. Oxford : Oxford University Press.

Finlay, Ian F. 1971. Teach Translation = Book Translation. Edinburgh: T&A Constable Ltd.

Fraenkel, Jack R. and Norman E. Wallen. 2000. How to Design and evaluate Research in Education. New York: McGraw-Hill Company.

Griffee, Dale. 1992. Song in Action. Coventry: Phoenix ELT

Mason, Emanuel J. and Bramble, William J. 2000. Research in Education and the Behavioral Science. Chicago: Brown and Brenchmark Publisher

Nababan, M. Rudolf. 1999. Teori Menerjemah Bahasa Inggris. Yogjakarta: Pustaka Pelajar

cxi

Nababan, M. Rudolf. 2004. Strategi Penilaian Kualitas Terjemahan Dalam Jurnal Linguistik Bahasa Volume 2 No.1 Halaman 54-56. Fakulas Sastra dan Seni Rupa. Universitas Sebelas Maret: Surakarta. Mei 2004

Newmark, Peter. 1988. A Textbook of Translation. Oxford: Pergamon Press

Nida, Eugine A and Charles R. Tabert. 1969. The Theory and Preactice of Translation. Leiden: E. J Brill

Nida, Eugine A. 1964. Toward A Science of Translatin. Leisen: E. J Brill

Ningrum, Henny Pramasari. 2007. A Translation Analysis of Slang Words in the Movie American Pie 2. Unpublished Thesis. Surakarta: Sebelas Maret University.

Pettit, Zoe. 2002. The Audio-Visual Text: Subtitling and Dubbing Different Genres. In META, XLIX, 1, 2004

Pujianti, Umi. 2006. Strategy of Translating Personal Pronouns in the Disney’s Fairy Tales Beaity and the Beast. Unpublished Thesis. Surakarta: Sebelas Maret University.

Schwarz, Barbara.2002. Translation in a Confined Space—Film Sub-titling with special reference to Dennis Potter’s “Lipstick on Your Collar” Part 1. Volume 6, No. 4 October 2002

Simatupang, Maurit. 2000. Pengantar Teori Terjemahan. Jakarta: Depdiknas

Sudiati, Vero & Widyamartaya, Aloys. 2005. Panggilan Menjadi Penerjemah. Yogjakarta: Pustaka Widyatama

Suryawinata & Hariyanto. 2003. Translation: Bahasa Teori & Penuntun Praktis Menerjemahkan. Malang: Kanisius.

cxii

Sutopo, H. B. 2002. Metodologi Penelitian Kualitatif. Surakarta: Sebelas Maret University Press

Tanis, Nicholas. 2006. Motion Picture. Microsoft® Student 2007 [DVD]. Redmond, WA: Microsoft Corporation

Toury, G. 1995. Descriptive Translation Studies and Beyond. Amsterdam: John Benjamin Publisher Company

Vinton, John. 2008. Dictionary of Contemporary Music. Microsoft® Student 2009 [DVD]: Redmond, WA: Microsoft Corporation

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Happy_feet accessed on March 2008

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Song accessed on March 2008

http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/lyrics accessed on March 2008

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/translation_process accessed on September 2008

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subtitle accessed on March 2008

http://www.movietome.com/movie/313490/happy-feet/forums/show_msgs.php?topic_id=927 accessed on March 2008

http://www2.warnerbros.com/happyfeet/pdf/find_your_heartsong Accessed on March 2008

http://www.allthelyrics.com/lyrics/happy_feet_soundtrack/happy_feet/ accessed on June 2008

http://accurapid.com/journal/22subtitles.htm accessed on March 2008

http://translationpournal.net/journal/42screenplay.htm accessed on September 2008

http://www.ice.urv.es/trans/future/sample/techniques.html accessed on September 2008

cxiii

KUESIONER UNTUK MENENTUKAN TINGKAT KEAKURATAN

DAN TINGKAT KEBERTERIMAAN

Judul penelitian : An Analysis of Techniques and Quality of Song Lyrics

Translation in

Animation Movie Entitled “Happy Feet”

Nama : Edy Triyanto (C0304020)

No telepon : 085647455377

Kuesioner ini disusun dalam rangka penelitian tentang tingkat keakurasian

dan keberterimaan terjemahan subtitle lirik lagu dalam film berjudul “Happy Feet”.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat keakurasian, keberterimaan serta

tingkat keterbacaan lirik lagu dalam teks bahasa sasaran.

Pada kuesioner ini responden diminta untuk menilai keakuratan dan

keberterimaan data berdasarkan skala yang tersedia. Responden juga diminta

menuliskan alasan yang mendukung jawaban tersebut & membetulkan lirik yang

menurut responden kurang tepat dan tidak berterima di dalam bahasa sasaran.

Adapun tingkat keakuratan dapat diukur berdasar skala definisi berikut:

Skala Deskripsi

4 Akurat, apabila pesan lirik lagu dari bahasa sumber tersampaikan

sepenuhnya kedalam teks bahasa sasaran.

3 Kurang akurat, apabila ada sebagian pesan lirik lagu yang menyimpang

/ tidak tersampaikan dalam teks bahasa sasaran.

2 Tidak akurat, apabila pesan lirik lagu dari bahasa sumber tidak

tersampaikan dalam bahasa sasaran. Ada penambahan, pengurangan atau

penyimpangan pesan pada teks bahasa sasaran.

1 Sangat tidak akurat, apabila lirik lagu tidak diterjemahkan yang

menyebabkan pesan tidak tersampaikan sama sekali dalam teks bahasa

sasaran.

cxiv

Untuk mengukur keberterimaan digunakan skala dan definisi berikut:

Skala Diskripsi

3 Berterima, apabila bahasa terjemahan alamiah dan sesuai dengan kaidah

kebahasaan pada bahasa sasaran. Terjemahan tidak terasa seperti hasil

terjemahan.

2 Kurang berterima, apabila bahasa terjemahan kurang alamiah karena

ada kejanggalan pada tataran kata atau frase namun sebagian besar bagian

kalimat terasa alamiah.

1 Tidak berterima, apabila hasil terjemahan tidak alamiah dan terasa

janggal sebagai kalimat bahasa Indonesia.

Karena pentingnya informasi dari kuestioner ini, peneliti berharap responden dalam

memberi jawaban dengan sungguh-sungguh dan teliti. Atas kerjasamanya peneliti

ucapkan terima kasih. Selamat mngerjakan!!

Latar belakang responden

Nama :

Alamat :

No. Telepon :

Pekerjaan :

Pendidikan :

Responden diharap menuliskan pengalaman-pengalaman di bidang penerjemahan

.........................................................................................................................................

...................

cxv

.........................................................................................................................................

...................

.........................................................................................................................................

...................

.........................................................................................................................................

...................

.........................................................................................................................................

...................

Berikan jawaban anda dengan melingkari angka pada kolom jawaban dan berikan komentar atau ulasan anda atas jawaban anda tersebut.

No Data

Disk 1 (00:50 – 03.43) Kontek situasi: opening film Happy feet, Norma Jean seekor penguin betina sedang menyanyikan lagu hatinya untuk menemukan cinta sejati.

Once there was a way to get back homeward Ketika ada jalan untuk pulang

Keakuratan Keberterimaan

4 3 2 1 3 2 1

1.

Komentar:

Komentar:

Are the stars out tonight? Apakah bintang-bintang hadir malam ini?


4 3 2 1 3 2 1

2.

Komentar:

Komentar:

Once there was a way to get back home Ketika ada jalan untuk kembali pulang


4 3 2 1 3 2 1

3.

Komentar:

Komentar:

cxvi

I only have eyes Aku hanya punya sepasang mata


4 3 2 1 3 2 1

4.

Komentar:

Komentar:

Sleep, pretty darling, do not cry Tidurlah Sayangku, jangan menangis


4 3 2 1 3 2 1

5.

Komentar:

Komentar:

For you Untukmu


4 3 2 1 3 2 1

6.

Komentar:

Komentar:

And I will sing a lullaby Dan akan kunyanyikan sebuah lagu


4 3 2 1 3 2 1

7.

Komentar:

Komentar:

With a song in my heart Dengan lagu didalam hatiku


4 3 2 1 3 2 1

8.

Komentar:

Komentar:

So tell me Katakan padaku


9.

4 3 2 1 3 2 1

cxvii

Komentar:

Komentar:

Tell me something good Katakan padaku hal yang indah


4 3 2 1 3 2 1

10.

Komentar:

Komentar:

Tell me that you love me Katakan padaku kau mencintaiku


4 3 2 1 3 2 1

11.

Komentar:

Komentar:

Tell me, baby Katakan padaku


4 3 2 1 3 2 1

12.

Komentar:

Komentar:

Tell me something good Katakan padaku hal yang indah


4 3 2 1 3 2 1

13.

Komentar:

Komentar:

Only you Hanya dirimu


4 3 2 1 3 2 1

14.

Komentar:

Komentar:

15. But how can you know for sure?

cxviii

Bagaimana kau bisa yakin?


4 3 2 1 3 2 1

Komentar:

Komentar:

Can make this world seem right Bisa membuat dunia ini benar


4 3 2 1 3 2 1

16.

Komentar:

Komentar:

Is there really just one? Apakah hanya ada satu?


4 3 2 1 3 2 1

17.

Komentar:

Komentar:

I need your love Aku membutuhkan cintamu


4 3 2 1 3 2 1

18.

Komentar:

Komentar:

So many songs, but I’m feeling so lonely Ada banyak lagu, tapi aku merasa sangat kesepian


4 3 2 1 3 2 1

19.

Komentar:

Komentar:

Where is the love? Dimanakah cinta?


20.

4 3 2 1 3 2 1

cxix

Komentar:

Komentar:

You don't have to be beautiful Kau tidak perlu cantik


4 3 2 1 3 2 1

21.

Komentar:

Komentar:

To turn me on Untuk memikatku


4 3 2 1 3 2 1

22.

Komentar:

Komentar:

I just need your body, baby -Hello Aku hanya membutuhkan dirimu -Halo


4 3 2 1 3 2 1

23.

Komentar:

Komentar:

From dusk till dawn - Is it me you’re looking for? Sejak senja hingga fajar -Dirikukah yang kau cari?


4 3 2 1 3 2 1

24

Komentar:

Komentar:

You don't need experience - Take Kau tak perlu berpengalaman -Ambil

25.


cxx

4 3 2 1 3 2 1

Komentar:

Komentar:

To turn me out - These broken wings Untuk memikatku -Sayap-sayap tak berguna ini


4 3 2 1 3 2 1

26.

Komentar:

Komentar:

You just leave it all up to me - Let’s talk about eggs, baby - Let’s talk about you and me Serahkan saja padaku -Mari bicarakan soal telur, Sayang -Mari bicarakan tentang kau dan aku


4 3 2 1 3 2 1

27.

Komentar:

Komentar:

You don't have to be rich to be my pearl Kau tak perlu menjadi kaya Untuk jadi kekasihku


4 3 2 1 3 2 1

28.

Komentar:

Komentar:

You don't have to be cool to rule my world Kau tak perlu jadi yang terkeren Untuk berkuasa di hidupku


4 3 2 1 3 2 1

29.

Komentar:

Komentar:

cxxi

Ain't no particular song I'm more compatible with Bukan hanya sekedar lagu biasa Yang cocok dengan diriku


4 3 2 1 3 2 1

30.

Komentar:

Komentar:

I just want your extra... Aku hanya menginginkan lebih…


4 3 2 1 3 2 1

31.

Komentar:

Komentar:

Boys Boys, Give a chick a chance Teman-teman Berikan aku kesempatan


4 3 2 1 3 2 1

32.

Komentar:

Komentar:

Well, since my baby left me, Sejak kekasihku meninggalkanku


4 3 2 1 3 2 1

33.

Komentar:

Komentar:

I found a new place to dwell. Aku menemukan tempat baru Untuk bersandar


4 3 2 1 3 2 1

34.

Komentar:

Komentar:

35. It’s down at the end of Lonely Street Terletak di ujung jalan kesepian

cxxii


4 3 2 1 3 2 1

Komentar:

Komentar:

At Heartbreak Hotel Pada hotel patah hati


4 3 2 1 3 2 1

36.

Komentar:

Komentar:

And I said, “I'm feelin’ so lonely, baby Dan aku berkata, “Aku merasa sangat kesepian


4 3 2 1 3 2 1

37.

Komentar:

Komentar:

I'm feelin’ so lonely Aku merasa sangat kesepian


4 3 2 1 3 2 1

38.

Komentar:

Komentar:

Oh, I'm feelin’ so lonely”... I could die. Aku merasa sangat kesepian… Aku bisa mati


4 3 2 1 3 2 1

39.

Komentar:

Komentar:

Don't have to be rich to be my girl Tak perlu kaya untuk jadi gadisku

40.


cxxiii

4 3 2 1 3 2 1

Komentar:

Komentar:

Don't have to be cool to rule my world Tak perlu jadi yang terkeren Untuk berkuasa di hidupku


4 3 2 1 3 2 1

41.

Komentar:

Komentar:

You rule my word Kaulah duniaku


4 3 2 1 3 2 1

42.

Komentar:

Komentar:

You’re the particular song I'm compatible with Kaulah lagu yang cocok dengan diriku


4 3 2 1 3 2 1

43.

Komentar:

Komentar:

I just want your - Extra time - Extra time - And your kiss - And your kiss Aku hanya menginginkan Sedikit waktumu/ sedikit waktumu Dan ciumanmu/ dan ciumanmu


4 3 2 1 3 2 1

44.

Komentar:

Komentar:

cxxiv

Disk 1 (12:30 – 12:40) Kontek situasi: Seymoure (penguin kecil) menyanyikan lagu hatinya saat kelas menyanyi.

Don’t push me Jangan dorong aku


4 3 2 1 3 2 1

45.

Komentar:

Komentar:

‘Cause I am close to the edge Karena aku sudah di pinggir


4 3 2 1 3 2 1

46.

Komentar:

Komentar:

I’m trying not to lose my head Aku berusaha tak kehilangan kepalaku


4 3 2 1 3 2 1

47.

Komentar:

Komentar:

Disk 1 (12:50 – 13:08) Kontek situasi: Gloria menyanyikan lagu hatinya saat kelas menyanyi.

Midnight creeps so slowly Malam merayap dengan perlahan


4 3 2 1 3 2 1

48.

Komentar:

Komentar:

Into hearts of those Merasuk ke dalam hati mereka


4 3 2 1 3 2 1

49.

Komentar:

Komentar:

cxxv

Who need more than they get Yang membutuhkan Lebih dari yang mereka dapat


4 3 2 1 3 2 1

50.

Komentar:

Komentar:

Daylight deals a bad hand Siang hari membawa kesialan


4 3 2 1 3 2 1

51.

Komentar:

Komentar:

To a penguin Pada seekor penguin


4 3 2 1 3 2 1

52.

Komentar:

Komentar:

Who has laid too many bets Yang terlalu banyak bertaruh


4 3 2 1 3 2 1

53.

Komentar:

Komentar:

Disk 1 Group ( 21:42 – 22:27) Kontek situasi: pinguin-pinguin menyanyikan lagu bersama-sama saat kelas menyanyi, mengiringi kegundahan hati Mumble.

There’s a world where I can go Ada sebuah tempat yang bisa kudatangi


4 3 2 1 3 2 1

54.

Komentar:

Komentar:

cxxvi

And tell my secrets to Dan ceritakan rahasiaku


4 3 2 1 3 2 1

55.

Komentar:

Komentar:

In my room Di dalam kamarku


4 3 2 1 3 2 1

56.

Komentar:

Komentar:

Now it’s dark and I’m— Sekarang telah malam dan aku...


4 3 2 1 3 2 1

57.

Komentar:

Komentar:

--I won’t be afraid ...aku tak akan takut


4 3 2 1 3 2 1

58.

Komentar:

Komentar:

In my room Di dalam kamarku


4 3 2 1 3 2 1

59.

Komentar:

Komentar:

Disk 1 Gloria (28:59 – 31:02)

cxxvii

Gloria sebagai bintang kelas bernyanyi saat malam kelulusan

Each morning I get up, I die a little Setiap pagi kubangun, aku sedikit mati


4 3 2 1 3 2 1

60.

Komentar:

Komentar:

Can barely stand on my feet Tidak mampu berdiri dengan tegak


4 3 2 1 3 2 1

61.

Komentar:

Komentar:

Take a look at yourself Lihatlah kedalam dirimu


4 3 2 1 3 2 1

62.

Komentar:

Komentar:

Take a look in the mirror and cry a little Lihatlah ke cermin dan sedikit menangislah


4 3 2 1 3 2 1

63.

Komentar:

Komentar:

Lord, what you doing to me? Tuhan apa yang kau lakukan padaku?


4 3 2 1 3 2 1

64.

Komentar:

Komentar:

I spent all my years in believing you Kuhabiskan seluruh hidupku percaya pada diri-Mu

65.


cxxviii

4 3 2 1 3 2 1

Komentar:

Komentar:

I just can’t get no relief, Lord Tapi ku tak merasa lega, Tuhan


4 3 2 1 3 2 1

66.

Komentar:

Komentar:

-Somebody -Somebody -Somebody -Please Seseorang/ seseorang Seseorang/ Tolonglah


4 3 2 1 3 2 1

67.

Komentar:

Komentar:

Can anybody find me Dapatkah seseorang mencarikanku


4 3 2 1 3 2 1

68.

Komentar:

Komentar:

Somebody to love? Seseorang untuk dicintai


4 3 2 1 3 2 1

69.

Komentar:

Komentar:

70. She works hard -Everyday -Everyday Dia telah berusaha keras

cxxix

-Setiap hari, Setiap hari


4 3 2 1 3 2 1

Komentar:

Komentar:

Oh I try and I try and I try Oh aku mencoba dan mencoba dan mencoba


4 3 2 1 3 2 1

71.

Komentar:

Komentar:

But everybody wants to put me down Tapi semua orang ingin membuatku sedih


4 3 2 1 3 2 1

72.

Komentar:

Komentar:

They say, they say, I’m going crazy Mereka bilang aku akan menjadi gila


4 3 2 1 3 2 1

73.

Komentar:

Komentar:

They say I got a lot of water in my brain Mereka bilang aku bodoh


4 3 2 1 3 2 1

74.

Komentar:

Komentar:

Got no common sense Tak punya akal sehat


75.

4 3 2 1 3 2 1

cxxx

Komentar:

Komentar:

I got nobody left to believe in Tak ada yang percaya padaku


4 3 2 1 3 2 1

76.

Komentar:

Komentar:

Oh, baby, find me Sayangku, temukanlah aku


4 3 2 1 3 2 1

77.

Komentar:

Komentar:

Come on. Put your flippers in the air now. Ayo. Tepukkan siripmu ke udara


4 3 2 1 3 2 1

78.

Komentar:

Komentar:

Find me somebody to love Find me somebody to love Find me somebody to love Carikan aku seseorang untuk dicintai Carikan aku seseorang untuk dicintai Carikan aku seseorang untuk dicintai


4 3 2 1 3 2 1

79.

Komentar:

Komentar:

I’m searching high and low Aku telah mencari kemana saja


80.

4 3 2 1 3 2 1

cxxxi

Komentar:

Komentar:

I’m searching the high and low Aku telah mencari kemana saja


4 3 2 1 3 2 1

81.

Komentar:

Komentar:

Yes, there’s somebody out there who needs to find me Ya, ada seseorang di luar sana yang harus menemukanku


4 3 2 1 3 2 1

82.

Komentar:

Komentar:

Somebody, anybody -I’m somebody Seseorang, siapapun -Aku seseorang


4 3 2 1 3 2 1

83.

Komentar:

Komentar:

I wanna love someone Aku ingin mencintai seseorang


4 3 2 1 3 2 1

84.

Komentar:

Komentar:

Send someone over here Kirimkan seseorang ke sisiku


4 3 2 1 3 2 1

85.

Komentar: Komentar:

cxxxii

Can anybody find me Dapatkah seseorang carikanku


4 3 2 1 3 2 1

86.

Komentar:

Komentar:

Somebody to Love Seseorang untuk…dicintai


4 3 2 1 3 2 1

87.

Komentar:

Komentar:

Disk 1 (42:55-43:02) Kontek situasi: Lovelace bernyanyi untuk berkomunikasi dengan roh mistis.

Is she alive now? Apakah ia masih hidup?


4 3 2 1 3 2 1

88.

Komentar:

Komentar:

Separate the truth from the jive Pisahkan kebenaran dari kabut


4 3 2 1 3 2 1

89.

Komentar:

Komentar:

Speak to me, oh, mystic beings Bicaralah padaku, roh-roh mistik


4 3 2 1 3 2 1

90.

Komentar:

Komentar:

cxxxiii

Disk 1 Group (47:24 – 53:13) Kontek situasi: Gloria menyanyikan lagu hatinya, beberapa penguin jantan membalas nyanyian, termasuk mumble untuk memikat Gloria.

Don’t push me ‘cause I’m close to the edge Jangan dorong aku karena Ku telah dekat di pinggir


4 3 2 1 3 2 1

91.

Komentar:

Komentar:

I’m trying not to lose my... Gloria Aku berusaha tak kehilangan Gloria..


4 3 2 1 3 2 1

92.

Komentar:

Komentar:

It’s like a jungle sometimes Terkadang seperti di hutan


4 3 2 1 3 2 1

93.

Komentar:

Komentar:

It makes me wonder Membuatku bertanya-tanya


4 3 2 1 3 2 1

94.

Komentar:

Komentar:

How I keep from going under Bagaimana cara agar aku tak tersesat

95.


cxxxiv

4 3 2 1 3 2 1

Komentar:

Komentar:

Midnight creeps so slowly Malam merayap dengan pelan


4 3 2 1 3 2 1

96.

Komentar:

Komentar:

Into hearts of those Who need more than they get Merasuk ke dalam hati mereka yang Butuh lebih dari yang didapat


4 3 2 1 3 2 1

97.

Komentar:

Komentar:



4 3 2 1 3 2 1

98.

Komentar:

Komentar:

To a penguin Who has laid too many bets Kepada penguin yang Terlalu banyak bertaruh


4 3 2 1 3 2 1

99.

Komentar:

Komentar:

I’ll make love to you Aku akan bermain denganmu

100.


cxxxv

4 3 2 1 3 2 1

Komentar:

Komentar:

Like you want me to Saat kau menginginkanku


4 3 2 1 3 2 1

101.

Komentar:

Komentar:

And I’ll hold you tight, baby, all...Gloria Dan aku akan memelukmu erat, sayang…Gloria


4 3 2 1 3 2 1

102.

Komentar:

Komentar:

The mirror stares you in the face kau memandang dirimu sendiri di dalam cermin


4 3 2 1 3 2 1

103.

Komentar:

Komentar:

And says, “Baby—“ Dan berkata, “Sayang…”


4 3 2 1 3 2 1

104.

Komentar:

Komentar:

Shake a bon-bon, shake a— Goyangkan pinggulmu, goyangkan


4 3 2 1 3 2 1

105.

Komentar:

Komentar:

cxxxvi

It don’t work Tidak akan berhasil


4 3 2 1 3 2 1

106.

Komentar:

Komentar:

You say your prayers Kau ucapkan doamu


4 3 2 1 3 2 1

107.

Komentar:

Komentar:

Though you don’t care Meskipun kau tak peduli


4 3 2 1 3 2 1

108.

Komentar:

Komentar:

You say your prayers Kau ucapkan doamu


4 3 2 1 3 2 1

109.

Komentar:

Komentar:

Though you don’t care Meskipun kau tak peduli


4 3 2 1 3 2 1

110.

Komentar:

Komentar:

Boys! Boys! Boys! Teman-teman! Teman!

111.


cxxxvii

4 3 2 1 3 2 1

Komentar:

Komentar:

Baby Sayang..


4 3 2 1 3 2 1

112.

Komentar:

Komentar:

So slowly Secara perlahan


4 3 2 1 3 2 1

113.

Komentar:

Komentar:

So slowly into hearts of those Secara perlahan merasuk Kedalam hati mereka


4 3 2 1 3 2 1

114.

Komentar:

Komentar:

Who need more than they get Yang membutuhkan Lebih dari yang didapat


4 3 2 1 3 2 1

115.

Komentar:

Komentar:



4 3 2 1 3 2 1

116.

Komentar: Komentar:

cxxxviii

To a penguin that has a laid too many bets Pada penguin yang Terlalu banyak bertaruh


4 3 2 1 3 2 1

117.

Komentar:

Komentar:

The mirror stares you in the face Kau memandang dirimu sendiri di dalam cermin


4 3 2 1 3 2 1

118.

Komentar:

Komentar:

And says, “Baby...it don’t work” Dan berkata, “Sayang… Ini tidak berhasil”


4 3 2 1 3 2 1

119.

Komentar:

Komentar:

You say your prayers Though you don’t care Kau ucapkan doamu meskipun Kau tak peduli


4 3 2 1 3 2 1

120.

Komentar:

Komentar:

You sing and you shake the hurt Dance! Kau menyanyi dan menggetarkan Semua orang …Menari!

121.


cxxxix

4 3 2 1 3 2 1

Komentar:

Komentar:

Boogie wonderland Dance Goyang tanah ajaib Menari


4 3 2 1 3 2 1

122.

Komentar:

Komentar:

Boogie wonderland Goyang tanah ajaib


4 3 2 1 3 2 1

123.

Komentar:

Komentar:

Midnight creeps so slowly Malam merayap dengan pelan


4 3 2 1 3 2 1

124.

Komentar:

Komentar:

Into hearts of men Who need more than they get Merasuk ke dalam hati mereka yang Butuh lebih dari yang didapat


4 3 2 1 3 2 1

125.

Komentar:

Komentar:


126.


cxl

4 3 2 1 3 2 1

Komentar:

Komentar:

To a penguin Who has laid too many bets Bagi penguin yang Terlalu banyak bertaruh


4 3 2 1 3 2 1

127.

Komentar:

Komentar:

The mirror stares you in the face Kau memandang dirimu di cermin


4 3 2 1 3 2 1

128.

Komentar:

Komentar:

And says, “Baby...it don’t work” Dan berkata, “Sayang…ini tidak berhasil”


4 3 2 1 3 2 1

129.

Komentar:

Komentar:

You say your prayers Though you don’t care Kau ucapkan doamu meskipun Kau tak peduli


4 3 2 1 3 2 1

130.

Komentar:

Komentar:

131. You dance and shake the hurt Dance! Kau menari dan mengguncang

cxli

Semua orang …menari!


4 3 2 1 3 2 1

Komentar:

Komentar:



4 3 2 1 3 2 1

132.

Komentar:

Komentar:

Dance, dance, dance Mumble Menari, menari, menari Mumble


4 3 2 1 3 2 1

133.

Komentar:

Komentar:



4 3 2 1 3 2 1

134.

Komentar:

Komentar:

Check it out, check it out Check it out, check it out My brothers Saudaraku


4 3 2 1 3 2 1

135.

Komentar:

Komentar:

cxlii

You look so beautiful to me, baby Kau kelihatan begitu cantik sayang


4 3 2 1 3 2 1

136.

Komentar:

Komentar:

All the love in the world can’t be gone Mumble! Semua cinta di dunia takkan hilang Mumble!


4 3 2 1 3 2 1

137.

Komentar:

Komentar:

All the need to be loved can’t be wrong Mumble! Hasrat untuk dicintai takkan salah Mumble!


4 3 2 1 3 2 1

138.

Komentar:

Komentar:

Disk 1 (57:25-58:15) Kontek situasi: lima penguin Spanish bernyanyi mengiringi kepergian Mumble dari kelompok penguin setelah diusir pemimpin kelompok (Noah) karena dianggap sebagai pembawa bencana.

My folks were always putting him down Orangtuaku selalu membuatnya sedih


4 3 2 1 3 2 1

139.

Komentar:

Komentar:

Down, down, down Sedih, sedih, sedih


140.

4 3 2 1 3 2 1

cxliii

Komentar:

Komentar:

They said he came Mereka mengatakan ia berasal


4 3 2 1 3 2 1

141.

Komentar:

Komentar:

From the wrong side of town Dari sisi kota yang salah


4 3 2 1 3 2 1

142.

Komentar:

Komentar:

He came from the wrong side of town Dia berasal dari sisi kota yang salah


4 3 2 1 3 2 1

143.

Komentar:

Komentar:

He told me he was bad So bad Mereka memberitahuku bahwa dia buruk Sangat buruk


4 3 2 1 3 2 1

144.

Komentar:

Komentar:

But I know he was sad -so sad Tapi kutahu dia hanya sedih Sangat sedih


145.

4 3 2 1 3 2 1

cxliv

Komentar:

Komentar:

I’ll never forget him Aku takkan pernah melupakannya


4 3 2 1 3 2 1

146.

Komentar:

Komentar:

The leader of the pack Sang pemimpin kelompok


4 3 2 1 3 2 1

147.

Komentar:

Komentar:

Look out Look out Look out Look Look out Not translated


4 3 2 1 3 2 1

148.

Komentar:

Komentar:

Disk 2 (03:27-03:35) Kontek situasi: Gloria menyusul Mumble yang diusir dari kelompoknya, ia merasa telah menemukan cinta sejatinya pada diri Mumble.

All the love in the world can’t be gone Seluruh cinta didunia Tak mungkin hilang


4 3 2 1 3 2 1

149.

Komentar:

Komentar:

150. All the need to be loved can’t be wrong

cxlv

Seluruh hasrat untuk dicintai Tak mungkin salah


4 3 2 1 3 2 1

Komentar:

Komentar:

Disk 2 (05:45-05:56) Kontek situasi: lima penguin Spanish bernyanyi saat Gloria memutuskan tidak ikut pergi bersama Mumble

If she leave him now Jika ia meninggalkannya sekarang


4 3 2 1 3 2 1

151.

Komentar:

Komentar:

She take away the biggest part of him Dia membawa pergi sebagian besar dari hidupnya


4 3 2 1 3 2 1

152.

Komentar:

Komentar:

Don’t, baby, please, don’t go Jangan, tolonglah jangan pergi


4 3 2 1 3 2 1

153.

Komentar:

Komentar:

Disk 2 (35:06 – 36:30) Kontek situasi: manusia akhirnya melarang penangkapan ikan secara besar-besaran di daerah kutub, seluruh penguin bernyanyi untuk merayakan hal tersebut.

Oh baby, right on Sayang. Lanjutkan


4 3 2 1 3 2 1

154.

Komentar: Komentar:

cxlvi

Looking back on when I Not translated


4 3 2 1 3 2 1

155.

Komentar:

Komentar:

Was a little nappy-headed boy Not translated


4 3 2 1 3 2 1

156.

Komentar:

Komentar:

It’s like a jungle sometimes Not translated


4 3 2 1 3 2 1

157.

Komentar:

Komentar:

It makes me wonder Not translated


4 3 2 1 3 2 1

158.

Komentar:

Komentar:

How I keep from going under Not translated


4 3 2 1 3 2 1

159.

Komentar:

Komentar:

160. Even though we sometimes Not translated

cxlvii


4 3 2 1 3 2 1

Komentar:

Komentar:

Would not get a thing Not translated


4 3 2 1 3 2 1

161.

Komentar:

Komentar:

We were happy with Not translated


4 3 2 1 3 2 1

162.

Komentar:

Komentar:

The joy the day would bring Not translated


4 3 2 1 3 2 1

163.

Komentar:

Komentar:

I wish those days Not translated


4 3 2 1 3 2 1

164.

Komentar:

Komentar:

Would come back once more Not translated


4 3 2 1 3 2 1

165.

Komentar:

Komentar:

cxlviii

Come back those days, those days Not translated


4 3 2 1 3 2 1

166.

Komentar:

Komentar:

Come back, don’t go -Come on back -Come on back Not translated


4 3 2 1 3 2 1

167.

Komentar:

Komentar:

Come here, babe. Come on back Kemarilah sayang. Kembalilah


4 3 2 1 3 2 1

168.

Komentar:

Komentar:

Come on back - Come on back Not translated


4 3 2 1 3 2 1

169.

Komentar:

Komentar:

I love them, I love them I love them, I love them Aku cinta mereka, aku cinta mereka


4 3 2 1 3 2 1

170.

Komentar:

Komentar:

cxlix

Those days, those days Those days, those days Not translated


4 3 2 1 3 2 1

171.

Komentar:

Komentar:

Those days Not translated


4 3 2 1 3 2 1

Komentar:

Komentar:

172.

*selesai*

JTerima kasih atas kerjasamanyaJ

KUESIONER TINGKAT KETERBACAAN TERJEMAHAN LIRIK LAGU PADA FILM ANIMASI BERJUDUL “HAPPY FEET”

Bacalah dengan teliti lirik lagu yang ada dalam kuesioner ini sambil melihat

film Happy Feet, lalu berilah tanda (√) pada salah satu kolom. Apabila kamu merasa

lirik yang dibaca mudah dimengerti cukup dengan sekali membaca, beri tanda (√)

pada kolom MUDAH. Jika lirik yang dibaca agak sulit dimengerti atau perlu

membaca dua kali, berilah tanda (√) pada kolom AGAK SULIT. Apabila kamu

merasa sulit mengerti dan perlu membaca berulang-ulang untuk memahami, berilah

tanda (√) pada kolom SULIT. Dan apabila kamu merasa sangat sulit atau tidak dapat

mengerti bahkan setelah berkali-kali membaca ulang, berilah tanda (√) pada kolom

SANGAT SULIT.

Latar belakang responden

cl

Nama :

Alamat :

No. Telepon :

Umur :

Pendidikan :

Lirik Mudah Agak Sulit

Sulit Sangat Sulit

Disk 1 (00:50 – 03.43) Kontek situasi: opening film Happy feet, Norma Jean seekor penguin betina sedang menyanyikan lagu hatinya untuk menemukan cinta sejati. Ketika ada jalan untuk pulang Apakah bintang-bintang hadir malam ini? Ketika ada jalan untuk kembali pulang Aku hanya punya sepasang mata Tidurlah Sayangku, jangan menangis Untukmu Dan akan kunyanyikan sebuah lagu Dengan lagu didalam hatiku Katakan padaku Katakan padaku hal yang indah Katakan padaku kau mencintaiku Katakan padaku Katakan padaku hal yang indah Hanya dirimu Bagaimana kau bisa yakin? Bisa membuat dunia ini benar Apakah hanya ada satu? Aku membutuhkan cintamu Ada banyak lagu, tapi aku merasa sangat kesepian

Dimanakah cinta? Kau tidak perlu cantik Untuk memikatku Aku hanya membutuhkan dirimu -Halo

Sejak senja hingga fajar -Dirikukah yang kau cari?

Kau tak perlu berpengalaman -Ambil

cli

Untuk memikatku -Sayap-sayap tak berguna ini

Serahkan saja padaku -Mari bicarakan soal telur, Sayang -Mari bicarakan tentang kau dan aku

Kau tak perlu menjadi kaya Untuk jadi kekasihku

Kau tak perlu jadi yang terkeren Untuk berkuasa di hidupku

Bukan hanya sekedar lagu biasa Yang cocok dengan diriku

Aku hanya menginginkan lebih… Teman-teman Berikan aku kesempatan Sejak kekasihku meninggalkanku Aku menemukan tempat baru Untuk bersandar

Terletak di ujung jalan kesepian Pada hotel patah hati Dan aku berkata, “Aku merasa sangat kesepian

Aku merasa sangat kesepian Aku merasa sangat kesepian… Aku bisa mati

Tak perlu kaya untuk jadi gadisku Tak perlu jadi yang terkeren Untuk berkuasa di hidupku

Kaulah duniaku Kaulah lagu yang cocok dengan diriku Aku hanya menginginkan Sedikit waktumu/ sedikit waktumu Dan ciumanmu/ dan ciumanmu

Disk 1 (12:30 – 12:40) Kontek situasi: Seymoure (penguin kecil) menyanyikan lagu hatinya saat kelas menyanyi. Jangan dorong aku Karena aku sudah di pinggir Aku berusaha tak kehilangan kepalaku Disk 1 (12:50 – 13:08) Kontek situasi: Gloria menyanyikan lagu hatinya saat kelas menyanyi. Malam merayap dengan perlahan Merasuk ke dalam hati mereka

clii

Yang membutuhkan Lebih dari yang mereka dapat

Siang hari membawa kesialan Pada seekor penguin Yang terlalu banyak bertaruh Disk 1 Group ( 21:42 – 22:27) Kontek situasi: pinguin-pinguin menyanyikan lagu bersama-sama saat kelas menyanyi, mengiringi kegundahan hati Mumble. Ada sebuah tempat yang bisa kudatangi Dan ceritakan rahasiaku

Di dalam kamarku

Sekarang telah malam dan aku...

...aku tak akan takut Di dalam kamarku Disk 1 Gloria (28:59 – 31:02) Gloria sebagai bintang kelas bernyanyi saat malam kelulusan Setiap pagi kubangun, aku sedikit mati Tidak mampu berdiri dengan tegak Lihatlah kedalam dirimu Lihatlah ke cermin dan sedikit menangislah Tuhan apa yang kau lakukan padaku? Kuhabiskan seluruh hidupku percaya pada diri-Mu

Tapi ku tak merasa lega, Tuhan Seseorang/ seseorang Seseorang/ Tolonglah

Dapatkah seseorang mencarikanku Seseorang untuk dicintai Dia telah berusaha keras -Setiap hari, Setiap hari

Oh aku mencoba dan mencoba dan mencoba Tapi semua orang ingin membuatku sedih Mereka bilang aku akan menjadi gila Mereka bilang aku bodoh Tak punya akal sehat Tak ada yang percaya padaku Sayangku, temukanlah aku

cliii

Ayo. Tepukkan siripmu ke udara Carikan aku seseorang untuk dicintai Carikan aku seseorang untuk dicintai Carikan aku seseorang untuk dicintai

Aku telah mencari kemana saja Aku telah mencari kemana saja Ya, ada seseorang di luar sana yang harus menemukanku

Seseorang, siapapun -Aku seseorang

Aku ingin mencintai seseorang Kirimkan seseorang ke sisiku Dapatkah seseorang carikanku Seseorang untuk…dicintai Disk 1 (42:55-43:02) Kontek situasi: Lovelace bernyanyi untuk berkomunikasi dengan roh mistis. Apakah ia masih hidup? Pisahkan kebenaran dari kabut Bicaralah padaku, roh-roh mistik Disk 1 Group (47:24 – 53:13) Kontek situasi: Gloria menyanyikan lagu hatinya, beberapa penguin jantan membalas nyanyian, termasuk mumble untuk memikat Gloria Jangan dorong aku karena Ku telah dekat di pinggir

Aku berusaha tak kehilangan Gloria..

Terkadang seperti di hutan Membuatku bertanya-tanya Bagaimana cara agar aku tak tersesat Malam merayap dengan pelan Merasuk ke dalam hati mereka yang Butuh lebih dari yang didapat

Siang hari membawa kesialan Kepada penguin yang Terlalu banyak bertaruh

Aku akan bermain denganmu Saat kau menginginkanku Dan aku akan memelukmu erat, sayang…Gloria kau memandang dirimu sendiri di dalam cermin Dan berkata, “Sayang…”

cliv

Goyangkan pinggulmu, goyangkan Tidak akan berhasil Kau ucapkan doamu Meskipun kau tak peduli Kau ucapkan doamu Meskipun kau tak peduli Teman-teman! Teman!

Sayang.. Secara perlahan Secara perlahan merasuk Kedalam hati mereka

Yang membutuhkan Lebih dari yang didapat

Siang hari membawa kesialan Pada penguin yang Terlalu banyak bertaruh

Kau memandang dirimu sendiri di dalam cermin Dan berkata, “Sayang… Ini tidak berhasil”

Kau ucapkan doamu meskipun Kau tak peduli

Kau menyanyi dan menggetarkan Semua orang …Menari!

Goyang tanah ajaib Menari

Goyang tanah ajaib Malam merayap dengan pelan Merasuk ke dalam hati mereka yang Butuh lebih dari yang didapat

Siang hari membawa kesialan Bagi penguin yang Terlalu banyak bertaruh

Kau memandang dirimu di cermin Dan berkata, “Sayang…ini tidak berhasil”

Kau ucapkan doamu meskipun Kau tak peduli

Kau menari dan mengguncang Semua orang

clv

…menari! Goyang tanah ajaib Menari, menari, menari Mumble

Goyang tanah ajaib Saudaraku Kau kelihatan begitu cantik sayang Semua cinta di dunia takkan hilang Mumble!

Hasrat untuk dicintai takkan salah Mumble!

Disk 1 (57:25-58:15) Kontek situasi: lima penguin Spanish bernyanyi mengiringi kepergian Mumble dari kelompok penguin setelah diusir pemimpin kelompok (Noah) karena dianggap sebagai pembawa bencana Orangtuaku selalu membuatnya sedih Sedih, sedih, sedih Mereka mengatakan ia berasal Dari sisi kota yang salah Dia berasal dari sisi kota yang salah Mereka memberitahuku bahwa dia buruk Sangat buruk

Tapi kutahu dia hanya sedih Sangat sedih

Aku takkan pernah melupakannya Sang pemimpin kelompok Disk 2 (03:27-03:35) Kontek situasi: Gloria menyusul Mumble yang diusir dari kelompoknya, ia merasa telah menemukan cinta sejatinya pada diri Mumble. Seluruh cinta didunia Tak mungkin hilang

Seluruh hasrat untuk dicintai Tak mungkin salah

Disk 2 (05:45-05:56) Kontek situasi: lima penguin Spanish bernyanyi saat Gloria memutuskan tidak ikut pergi bersama Mumble Jika ia meninggalkannya sekarang Dia membawa pergi sebagian besar dari hidupnya

Jangan, tolonglah jangan pergi Disk 2 (35:06 – 36:30) Kontek situasi: manusia akhirnya melarang penangkapan ikan secara besar-besaran

clvi

di daerah kutub, seluruh penguin bernyanyi untuk merayakan hal tersebut. Sayang. Lanjutkan Kemarilah sayang. Kembalilah Aku cinta mereka, aku cinta mereka

The List of Accuracy Measurement Scored by Raters

No. Data

Rater 1 Rater 2 Rater 3 Total Mean Category

1 4 4 3 11 3.6 B 2 4 4 4 12 4 A 3 4 4 4 12 4 A 4 4 4 4 12 4 A 5 4 4 4 12 4 A 6 4 4 4 12 4 A 7 4 3 3 10 3.3 B 8 4 4 4 12 4 A 9 4 4 4 12 4 A

10 4 4 4 12 4 A 11 4 4 4 12 4 A 12 3 3 4 10 3.3 B 13 4 4 3 11 3.6 B 14 4 4 4 12 4 A 15 4 4 3 11 3.6 B 16 3 4 3 10 3.3 B 17 3 4 4 11 3.6 B 18 4 4 4 12 4 A 19 4 4 4 12 4 A

clvii

20 4 4 4 12 4 A 21 4 3 4 11 3.6 B 22 4 4 4 12 4 A 23 4 2 3 9 3 B 24 4 4 4 12 4 A 25 4 4 4 12 4 A 26 3 3 3 9 3 B 27 4 4 3 11 3.6 B 28 4 4 3 11 3.6 B 29 4 4 3 11 3.6 B 30 4 4 3 11 3.6 B 31 4 4 3 11 3.6 B 32 4 4 4 12 4 A 33 4 4 4 12 4 A 34 4 4 3 11 3.6 B 35 4 4 4 12 4 A 36 4 4 4 12 4 A 37 4 3 3 10 3.3 B 38 4 4 4 12 4 A 39 4 4 4 12 4 A 40 4 4 4 12 4 A 41 4 4 3 11 3.6 B 42 4 2 2 8 2.6 B 43 4 4 3 11 3.6 B 44 4 4 3 11 3.6 B 45 4 4 3 11 3.6 B 46 4 4 3 11 3.6 B 47 3 4 4 11 3.6 B 48 4 4 4 12 4 A 49 4 4 4 12 4 A 50 4 4 4 12 4 A 51 4 4 4 12 4 A 52 4 4 4 12 4 A 53 4 4 4 12 4 A 54 4 4 4 12 4 A 55 4 4 3 11 3.6 B 56 4 4 4 12 4 A 57 4 4 4 12 4 A 58 4 4 4 12 4 A 59 4 4 4 12 4 A 60 2 4 3 9 3 B

clviii

61 4 4 4 12 4 A 62 3 4 3 10 3.3 B 63 4 4 4 12 4 A 64 4 4 4 12 4 A 65 4 4 4 12 4 A 66 4 4 4 12 4 A 67 4 4 4 12 4 A 68 2 4 4 10 3.3 B 69 4 4 4 12 4 A 70 4 4 4 12 4 A 71 4 4 4 12 4 A 72 4 4 4 12 4 A 73 4 4 4 12 4 A 74 4 4 4 12 4 A 75 4 4 4 12 4 A 76 4 2 4 10 3.3 B 77 4 4 3 11 3.6 B 78 4 4 4 12 4 A 79 4 4 4 12 4 A 80 4 4 4 12 4 A 81 4 4 4 12 4 A 82 4 4 3 11 3.6 B 83 4 4 4 12 4 A 84 4 4 4 12 4 A 85 4 4 4 12 4 A 86 3 4 4 11 3.6 B 87 4 4 4 12 4 A 88 4 4 4 12 4 A 89 4 4 4 12 4 A 90 4 4 4 12 4 A 91 4 4 3 11 3.6 B 92 4 4 4 12 4 A 93 4 4 3 11 3.6 B 94 4 4 4 12 4 A 95 4 4 4 12 4 A 96 4 4 4 12 4 A 97 4 4 4 12 4 A 98 4 4 4 12 4 A 99 4 4 4 12 4 A

100 3 2 3 8 2.6 B 101 4 2 4 10 3.3 B

clix

102 4 4 4 12 4 A 103 4 2 4 10 3.3 B 104 4 4 4 12 4 A 105 4 4 4 12 4 A 106 4 4 4 12 4 A 107 4 4 4 12 4 A 108 4 4 4 12 4 A 109 4 4 4 12 4 A 110 4 4 4 12 4 A 111 4 4 4 12 4 A 112 4 4 4 12 4 A 113 4 4 4 12 4 A 114 4 4 4 12 4 A 115 4 4 4 12 4 A 116 4 4 4 12 4 A 117 4 4 4 12 4 A 118 4 2 4 10 3.3 B 119 4 4 4 12 4 A 120 4 4 4 12 4 A 121 4 4 3 11 3.6 B 122 3 4 4 11 3.6 B 123 3 4 4 11 3.6 B 124 4 4 4 12 4 A 125 4 4 4 12 4 A 126 4 4 4 12 4 A 127 4 4 4 12 4 A 128 4 2 4 10 3.3 B 129 4 4 4 12 4 A 130 4 4 4 12 4 A 131 4 4 3 11 3.6 B 132 3 4 4 11 3.6 B 133 4 4 4 12 4 A 134 3 4 4 11 3.6 B 135 3 3 3 9 3 B 136 4 4 4 12 4 A 137 4 4 4 12 4 A 138 4 4 3 11 3.6 B 139 3 4 3 10 3.3 B 140 4 4 4 12 4 A 141 4 4 4 12 4 A 142 4 4 4 12 4 A

143 4 4 4 12 4 A 144 4 4 4 12 4 A 145 4 4 4 12 4 A 146 4 4 4 12 4 A 147 4 4 4 12 4 A 148 1 1 1 3 1 D 149 4 4 4 12 4 A 150 4 4 4 12 4 A 151 4 4 4 12 4 A

clx

Classification for accuracy

1. Classification A: 105 data (61.05%)

2. Classification B: 50 data (29.07%)

3. Classification C: 0 data

4. Classification D: 17 data (9.88%)

The List of Acceptability Measurement Scored by Raters

152 4 4 4 12 4 A 153 4 4 3 11 3.6 B 154 4 4 4 12 4 A 155 1 1 1 3 1 D 156 1 1 1 3 1 D 157 1 1 1 3 1 D 158 1 1 1 3 1 D 159 1 1 1 3 1 D 160 1 1 1 3 1 D 161 1 1 1 3 1 D 162 1 1 1 3 1 D 163 1 1 1 3 1 D 164 1 1 1 3 1 D 165 1 1 1 3 1 D 166 1 1 1 3 1 D 167 1 1 1 3 1 D 168 4 4 4 12 4 A 169 1 1 1 3 1 D 170 4 4 3 11 3.6 B 171 1 1 1 3 1 D 172 1 1 1 3 1 D

total 619 615 601 1835 608.7

No. Data

Rater 1 Rater 2 Rater 3 Total Mean Category

1 3 3 3 9 3 A 2 3 3 3 9 3 A 3 3 3 3 9 3 A

clxi

4 3 3 3 9 3 A 5 3 3 3 9 3 A 6 3 3 3 9 3 A 7 3 3 3 9 3 A 8 3 3 3 9 3 A 9 3 3 3 9 3 A

10 3 3 3 9 3 A 11 3 3 3 9 3 A 12 3 3 3 9 3 A 13 3 3 3 9 3 A 14 3 3 3 9 3 A 15 3 3 3 9 3 A 16 2 2 3 7 2.3 B 17 3 3 3 9 3 A 18 3 3 3 9 3 A 19 3 3 3 9 3 A 20 3 3 3 9 3 A 21 3 3 3 9 3 A 22 3 3 3 9 3 A 23 3 3 3 9 3 A 24 3 3 3 9 3 A 25 3 3 3 9 3 A 26 2 3 3 8 2.6 B 27 3 3 3 9 3 A 28 3 3 2 8 2.6 B 29 3 3 3 9 3 A 30 3 3 3 9 3 A 31 3 3 3 9 3 A 32 3 3 3 9 3 A 33 3 3 3 9 3 A 34 3 3 3 9 3 A 35 3 3 3 9 3 A 36 3 3 3 9 3 A 37 3 3 3 9 3 A 38 3 3 3 9 3 A 39 3 3 3 9 3 A 40 3 3 3 9 3 A 41 3 3 3 9 3 A 42 3 3 3 9 3 A 43 3 3 3 9 3 A 44 3 3 3 9 3 A

clxii

45 3 3 3 9 3 A 46 3 3 3 9 3 A 47 2 3 3 8 2.6 B 48 3 3 3 9 3 A 49 3 3 3 9 3 A 50 3 3 3 9 3 A 51 3 3 3 9 3 A 52 3 3 3 9 3 A 53 3 3 3 9 3 A 54 3 3 3 9 3 A 55 3 3 3 9 3 A 56 3 3 3 9 3 A 57 3 3 3 9 3 A 58 3 3 3 9 3 A 59 3 3 3 9 3 A 60 2 2 3 7 2.2 B 61 3 3 3 9 3 A 62 3 3 3 9 3 A 63 3 3 3 9 3 A 64 3 3 3 9 3 A 65 3 3 3 9 3 A 66 3 3 3 9 3 A 67 3 2 3 8 2.6 B 68 3 3 3 9 3 A 69 3 3 3 9 3 A 70 3 3 3 9 3 A 71 3 3 3 9 3 A 72 3 3 3 9 3 A 73 3 3 3 9 3 A 74 3 3 3 9 3 A 75 3 3 3 9 3 A 76 3 3 3 9 3 A 77 3 2 3 8 2.6 B 78 3 3 3 9 3 A 79 3 3 3 9 3 A 80 3 3 3 9 3 A 81 3 3 3 9 3 A 82 3 3 3 9 3 A 83 3 3 3 9 3 A 84 3 3 3 9 3 A 85 3 3 3 9 3 A

clxiii

86 2 3 3 8 2.6 B 87 3 3 3 9 3 A 88 3 3 3 9 3 A 89 3 3 3 9 3 A 90 3 3 3 9 3 A 91 3 3 3 9 3 A 92 3 3 3 9 3 A 93 3 3 3 9 3 A 94 3 3 3 9 3 A 95 3 3 3 9 3 A 96 3 3 3 9 3 A 97 3 3 3 9 3 A 98 3 3 3 9 3 A 99 3 3 3 9 3 A

100 3 3 3 9 3 A 101 3 3 3 9 3 A 102 3 3 3 9 3 A 103 3 3 3 9 3 A 104 3 3 3 9 3 A 105 3 3 3 9 3 A 106 3 3 3 9 3 A 107 3 3 3 9 3 A 108 3 3 3 9 3 A 109 3 3 3 9 3 A 110 3 3 3 9 3 A 111 3 3 3 9 3 A 112 3 3 3 9 3 A 113 3 3 3 9 3 A 114 3 3 3 9 3 A 115 3 3 3 9 3 A 116 3 3 3 9 3 A 117 3 3 3 9 3 A 118 3 3 3 9 3 A 119 3 3 3 9 3 A 120 3 3 3 9 3 A 121 3 3 3 9 3 A 122 2 3 3 8 2.6 B 123 2 3 3 8 2.6 B 124 3 3 3 9 3 A 125 3 3 3 9 3 A 126 3 3 3 9 3 A

clxiv

127 3 3 3 9 3 A 128 3 3 3 9 3 A 129 3 3 3 9 3 A 130 3 3 3 9 3 A 131 3 3 3 9 3 A 132 2 3 3 8 2.6 B 133 3 3 3 9 3 A 134 2 3 3 8 2.6 B 135 3 3 2 8 2.6 B 136 3 3 3 9 3 A 137 3 3 3 9 3 A 138 3 3 3 9 3 A 139 3 3 3 9 3 A 140 3 3 3 9 3 A 141 3 3 3 9 3 A 142 3 3 3 9 3 A 143 3 3 3 9 3 A 144 3 3 3 9 3 A 145 3 3 3 9 3 A 146 3 3 3 9 3 A 147 3 3 3 9 3 A 148 - - - - - - 149 3 3 3 9 3 A 150 3 3 3 9 3 A 151 3 3 3 9 3 A 152 3 3 3 9 3 A 153 3 3 3 9 3 A 154 3 3 3 9 3 A 155 - - - - - - 156 - - - - - - 157 - - - - - - 158 - - - - - - 159 - - - - - - 160 - - - - - - 161 - - - - - - 162 - - - - - - 163 - - - - - - 164 - - - - - - 165 - - - - - - 166 - - - - - - 167 - - - - - -

168 3 3 3 9 3 A 169 - - - - - - 170 3 3 3 9 3 A 171 - - - - - - 172 - - - - - -

total 457 461 463 1381 2.97

clxv

Classification for acceptability 1. Classification A: 142 data (91.62%)


3. Classification C: 0 data

The List of Readability Measurement Scored by Raters

No. Data

Respondent 1

Respondent 2

Respondent 3

Total Mean Category

1 4 4 4 12 4 A 2 4 4 3 11 3.6 B 3 4 4 4 12 4 A 4 4 4 4 12 4 A 5 4 4 4 12 4 A 6 4 4 4 12 4 A 7 4 4 4 12 4 A 8 4 4 2 10 3.3 B 9 4 4 4 12 4 A

10 4 4 4 12 4 A 11 4 4 4 12 4 A 12 4 4 4 12 4 A 13 4 4 4 12 4 A 14 4 4 4 12 4 A 15 4 4 4 12 4 A 16 4 4 2 10 3.3 B 17 4 4 2 10 3.3 B 18 4 4 4 12 4 A 19 4 3 4 11 3.6 B 20 4 4 4 12 4 A 21 4 4 4 12 4 A 22 4 4 4 12 4 A 23 4 4 4 12 4 A 24 4 4 4 12 4 A 25 4 4 4 12 4 A 26 4 4 3 11 3.6 B

clxvi

27 4 4 3 11 3.6 B 28 4 4 4 12 4 A 29 4 4 4 12 4 A 30 4 3 4 11 3.6 B 31 4 4 4 12 4 A 32 4 4 4 12 4 A 33 4 4 4 12 4 A 34 4 4 4 12 4 A 35 4 4 4 12 4 A 36 4 4 4 12 4 A 37 4 4 4 12 4 A 38 4 4 4 12 4 A 39 4 4 4 12 4 A 40 4 4 4 12 4 A 41 4 4 4 12 4 A 42 4 4 4 12 4 A 43 4 3 3 10 3.3 B 44 4 4 4 12 4 A 45 4 4 4 12 4 A 46 4 4 3 11 3.6 B 47 4 3 3 10 3.3 B 48 4 4 3 11 3.6 B 49 4 4 4 12 4 A 50 4 4 4 12 4 A 51 4 4 3 11 3.6 B 52 4 3 4 11 3.6 B 53 4 2 2 8 2.6 B 54 4 4 4 12 4 A 55 4 4 3 11 3.6 B 56 4 4 4 12 4 A 57 4 4 4 12 4 A 58 4 4 4 12 4 A 59 4 4 4 12 4 A 60 4 3 3 10 3.3 B 61 4 4 4 12 4 A 62 4 4 4 12 4 A 63 4 4 3 11 3.6 B 64 4 4 4 12 4 A 65 4 4 4 12 4 A 66 4 3 3 10 3.3 B 67 4 4 4 12 4 A

clxvii

68 4 4 4 12 4 A 69 4 4 4 12 4 A 70 4 4 4 12 4 A 71 4 4 4 12 4 A 72 4 4 4 12 4 A 73 4 4 4 12 4 A 74 4 4 4 12 4 A 75 4 4 4 12 4 A 76 4 4 4 12 4 A 77 4 4 4 12 4 A 78 4 4 4 12 4 A 79 4 4 4 12 4 A 80 4 4 4 12 4 A 81 4 4 4 12 4 A 82 4 4 3 11 3.6 B 83 4 2 2 8 2.6 B 84 4 4 4 12 4 A 85 4 4 4 12 4 A 86 4 2 3 9 3 B 87 4 4 4 12 4 A 88 4 4 4 12 4 A 89 4 4 2 10 3.3 B 90 4 4 2 10 3.3 B 91 4 4 4 12 4 A 92 4 4 4 12 4 A 93 4 4 4 12 4 A 94 4 4 4 12 4 A 95 4 4 4 12 4 A 96 4 4 3 11 3.6 B 97 4 4 3 11 3.6 B 98 4 3 3 10 3.3 B 99 4 3 3 10 3.3 B

100 4 4 4 12 4 A 101 4 4 4 12 4 A 102 4 4 4 12 4 A 103 4 4 4 12 4 A 104 4 4 4 12 4 A 105 4 4 4 12 4 A 106 4 4 4 12 4 A 107 4 4 4 12 4 A 108 4 4 4 12 4 A

clxviii

109 4 4 4 12 4 A 110 4 4 4 12 4 A 111 4 4 4 12 4 A 112 4 4 4 12 4 A 113 4 4 4 12 4 A 114 4 4 4 12 4 A 115 4 4 4 12 4 A 116 4 3 3 10 3.3 B 117 4 3 3 10 3.3 B 118 4 4 4 12 4 A 119 4 4 4 12 4 A 120 4 4 4 12 4 A 121 4 4 4 12 4 A 122 2 2 2 6 2 C 123 2 2 2 6 2 C 124 4 4 4 12 4 A 125 4 4 4 12 4 A 126 4 3 3 10 3.3 B 127 4 3 3 10 3.3 B 128 4 4 4 12 4 A 129 4 4 4 12 4 A 130 4 4 4 12 4 A 131 4 4 4 12 4 A 132 2 2 2 6 2 C 133 4 4 4 12 4 A 134 2 2 2 6 2 C 135 4 4 4 12 4 A 136 4 4 4 12 4 A 137 4 4 4 12 4 A 138 4 4 4 12 4 A 139 4 4 4 12 4 A 140 4 4 4 12 4 A 141 4 4 4 12 4 A 142 4 3 4 11 3.6 B 143 4 3 4 11 3.6 B 144 4 4 4 12 4 A 145 4 4 4 12 4 A 146 4 4 4 12 4 A 147 4 4 4 12 4 A 148 - - - - - - 149 4 4 4 12 4 A

150 4 4 4 12 4 A 151 4 4 4 12 4 A 152 4 4 4 12 4 A 153 4 4 4 12 4 A 154 4 4 4 12 4 A 155 - - - - - - 156 - - - - - - 157 - - - - - - 158 - - - - - - 159 - - - - - - 160 - - - - - - 161 - - - - - - 162 - - - - - - 163 - - - - - - 164 - - - - - - 165 - - - - - - 166 - - - - - -

clxix

Classification for readability

1. Classification A: 117 data (75.48%)


3. Classification C: 4 data (2.58%)

4. Classification D: 0 data

167 - - - - - - 168 4 4 4 12 4 A 169 - - - - - - 170 4 4 4 12 4 A 171 - - - - - - 172 - - - - - -

total 612 591 576 1779 3.83

AN ANALYSIS OF TECHNIQUES AND QUALITY OF THE SONG … · IN ANIMATION MOVIE ENTITLED “HAPPY...

Documents

Transcript of AN ANALYSIS OF TECHNIQUES AND QUALITY OF THE SONG … · IN ANIMATION MOVIE ENTITLED “HAPPY...