AN ANALYSIS OF STUDENTS SPEAKING FLUENCY OF ...Assessing Speaking. Cambridge: Cambridge University...
of 12
/12
Embed Size (px)
Transcript of AN ANALYSIS OF STUDENTS SPEAKING FLUENCY OF ...Assessing Speaking. Cambridge: Cambridge University...
ENGLISH LANGUAGE EDUCATION DEPARTMENT
MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG
UNIVERSITY OF MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG
2018
brought to you by COREView metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk
provided by UMM Institutional Repository
ENGLISH LANGUAGE EDUCATION DEPARTMENT
MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG
THESIS
This thesis submitted to meet one of the requirements to achieve
Sarjana Degree in English Language education
By:
UNIVERSITY OF MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG
“Success is not final; failure is not fatal: It is
the courage to continue that counts.”
-Winston S. Churchill-
My beloved parents,
To all who support and pray for my success
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Alhamdulillah, firstly, the writer would like to express her cordial
gratitude to the Almighty Allah SWT for giving him strength, health and ability to
finish this research. Secondly, shalawat and salam are also presented to the
beloved prophet Muhammad SAW who had brought us from the darkness to the
lightness.
Along with this finished thesis, the writer would like to express his sincere
gratitude and deep sense of indebtedness to his advisors, Dra. Dwi Poedjiastuti,
MA, Ph.D and Bayu H. Wicaksono, M.Ed., Ph.D for being kind enough to accept
directing this work with all their academic engagements and for the accurate
advice they put forward and for their patience throughout this work. The great
honor is also bestowed upon all lecturers of English Language Education
Department whom did their best to provide us with their experience and the
fundamental knowledge in ELED.
Many great thanks are also addressed to his beloved mother and father, Ibu
Tuminah and Bapak Ponimin (alm.), for the valuable efforts and contributions to
the writer’s education. The writer also wants to present his love and grateful to his
sisters and her big family for the supports and prayers.
Additionally, the writer also would like to acknowledge all friends in
English Department D class 2014, particularly, Ayodya Damas S., Ayyik Fatoni
and Bayu Febriyanto who support, accompany and help during the writer’s
research. Last but not least, my enormous gratitude is also extended to the
Advanced Speaking lecturer Mr. Riski Lestiono, M.A. for his cooperation and
permission so that the writer could conduct his research in his class.
Malang, August 2nd 2018
ABSTRACT………………………………………………………………………………. vii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS……………………………………………………………… viii
1.5 Research Significance……………………………………………………………….. 4
2.1 Definition of Speaking………………………………………………………………. 6
2.2 Purposes of Speaking………………………………………………........................... 7
2.3 Basic Types of Speaking…………………………………………………………….. 8
2.4 Problems of Speaking……………………………………………………………… 10
2.5 Fluency in Speaking…………………………………………………………………. 11
2.6 The Indicators of Fluency………………………………………...…………………. 13
2.6.1 Plenty Ideas…...…………………………………………………………....... 13
2.6.3 Little Repetition……………………………………………………………... 14
2.6.4 Clear Utterance……………………………………………………………… 15
CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1 Research Design………………...…………………………………………………… 16
3.2 Research Subject………………………….…………………………………………. 17
3.3 Data Collection………………………………………………………………………. 17
3.3.1.1 Observation……………………………………………………….. 18
3.3.1.2 Interview………………………………………………………….. 18
3.3.2 Procedures…………………………………………….................................... 20
4.1 Findings……………………………………………………………………………… 22
4.2 Discussion…………………………………………………………………………… 34
5.1 Conclusion…………………………………………………………………………… 36
5.2 Suggestions…………………………………………………………………………... 37
Table 4.3 Students Speaking Fluency Problems………………………………………... 32
REFERENCES
Al Nakhalah, A. M. Mahmoud. Problems and Difficulties of Speaking That
Encounter English Language Students at Al Quds Open University
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention ISSN
(Online).5 (12), 96-101.
Alfarizi, S. (2013). The Problem Faced by English Department Students in Public
Speaking. Bachelor’s Thesis. University of Muhammadiyah Malang.
Ary, D. (2010). Introduction to Research in Education; Eight Edition. Canada:
Wadsworth Cengage Learning.
Practices. White Plains, NY: Pearson Education.
Creswell, J. W. (2009). Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative and Mixed
Methods Approaches (3rd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Creswell, J. W. (2014). Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative and Mixed
Methods Approaches (4th ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
De Jong, N., Perfetti, C.A. (2011). Fluency Training in the ESL Classroom: An
Experimental Study of Fluency Development and Proceduralization.
Language Learning. 2, 533-568.
Dore, C. (2016). Perceptions of Fluency. Master’s Dissertation. University of
Reading.
Feni, G.P. (2014). The Difficulties of Learning Speaking Faced by the Second
Semester Students of English Department of University of Muhammadiyah
Malang. Bachelor’s Thesis. University of Muhammadiyah Malang.
Fillmore, C. (1979). On fluency. In C. Fillmore, D. Kempler, & W. S.-W. Yang
(Eds.) Individual differences in language ability and language behavior.
(pp. 85-101). New York: Academic Press.
Foster, P. & Skehan, P. (1999). The influence of source of planning and focus of
planning on task-based performance. Language Teaching Research, 3,
215-247.
Fulcher, G. (1993). The construction and validation of rating scales for oral tests
in English as a foreign language. Lancaster. University of Lancaster.
Harmer, J. (2001). The Practice of English Language Teaching. Longman:
Longman Press.
Heriansyah, H (2012). Speaking Problem Faced by the English Department
Students of Syiah Kuala University. Lingua Didaktika. 6, (1), 37-44.
Lasagabaster, D., & Sierra, J.M. (2002). University Students’ Perceptions of
Native and Non-native Speaker Teachers of English. Language
Awareness. 11, 132-142.
Lennon, P., 1990. Investigating fluency in EFL: A quantitative approach.
Language Learning 40, 387–412.
Luoma, S. (2004). Assessing Speaking. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Mairi, S. (2016). An Analysis of Speaking Fluency Level of the English
Department of Universitas Negeri Padang. Jurnal Bahasa dan
Pembelajaran Bahasa. 2, 161-171.
Martha, R.K., Ardi, H. (2013). Teaching Speaking Fluency by Using Readers’
Theatre Strategy to Students at Senior High School. Journal of English
Language Teaching. 1 (2), 292-300.
Namey. E. et al. (2005). Qualitative Research Methods: A Data Collector’s Field
Guide. North California: USAID.
Nunan, D. (2003) Practical English Language Teaching. New York: McGraw-
Hill.
Paakki, Henna. (2013). Difficulties in Speaking English and Perceptions of
Accents A Comparative Study of Finnish and Japanese Adult Learners of
English. Master’s Thesis, University of Eastern Finland.
Pujilestari, R. (2015). The Use of Speaking Pauses in Students Speaking Accuray
at Third Semester Students English Department University of
Muhammadiyah Malang. Bachelor’s thesis. University of Muhammadiyah
Malang.
Riggenbach, H., 1991. Towards an understanding of fluency: A microanalysis of
nonnative speaker conversation. Discourse Processes 14, 423–441.
Solcova, P. (2011). Teaching Speaking Skills. Masters Diploma Thesis. Masaryk
University.
Tavakoli, p., and Skehan, P. (2005). Strategic planning, task structure, and
performance testing. In R. Ellis (Ed.), Planning and task performance in a
second language (pp. 239 – 277). Amsterdam: Benjamins.
Thornbury, S. (2005) How to Teach Speaking. Harlow: Longman.
Torky, S. Abd. EL. (2006). The Effectiveness of a Task- Based Instruction
program in Developing the English Language Speaking Skills of
Secondary Stage Students. Ph.D. degree in Education. Ain Shams
University.
MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG
UNIVERSITY OF MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG
2018
brought to you by COREView metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk
provided by UMM Institutional Repository
ENGLISH LANGUAGE EDUCATION DEPARTMENT
MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG
THESIS
This thesis submitted to meet one of the requirements to achieve
Sarjana Degree in English Language education
By:
UNIVERSITY OF MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG
“Success is not final; failure is not fatal: It is
the courage to continue that counts.”
-Winston S. Churchill-
My beloved parents,
To all who support and pray for my success
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Alhamdulillah, firstly, the writer would like to express her cordial
gratitude to the Almighty Allah SWT for giving him strength, health and ability to
finish this research. Secondly, shalawat and salam are also presented to the
beloved prophet Muhammad SAW who had brought us from the darkness to the
lightness.
Along with this finished thesis, the writer would like to express his sincere
gratitude and deep sense of indebtedness to his advisors, Dra. Dwi Poedjiastuti,
MA, Ph.D and Bayu H. Wicaksono, M.Ed., Ph.D for being kind enough to accept
directing this work with all their academic engagements and for the accurate
advice they put forward and for their patience throughout this work. The great
honor is also bestowed upon all lecturers of English Language Education
Department whom did their best to provide us with their experience and the
fundamental knowledge in ELED.
Many great thanks are also addressed to his beloved mother and father, Ibu
Tuminah and Bapak Ponimin (alm.), for the valuable efforts and contributions to
the writer’s education. The writer also wants to present his love and grateful to his
sisters and her big family for the supports and prayers.
Additionally, the writer also would like to acknowledge all friends in
English Department D class 2014, particularly, Ayodya Damas S., Ayyik Fatoni
and Bayu Febriyanto who support, accompany and help during the writer’s
research. Last but not least, my enormous gratitude is also extended to the
Advanced Speaking lecturer Mr. Riski Lestiono, M.A. for his cooperation and
permission so that the writer could conduct his research in his class.
Malang, August 2nd 2018
ABSTRACT………………………………………………………………………………. vii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS……………………………………………………………… viii
1.5 Research Significance……………………………………………………………….. 4
2.1 Definition of Speaking………………………………………………………………. 6
2.2 Purposes of Speaking………………………………………………........................... 7
2.3 Basic Types of Speaking…………………………………………………………….. 8
2.4 Problems of Speaking……………………………………………………………… 10
2.5 Fluency in Speaking…………………………………………………………………. 11
2.6 The Indicators of Fluency………………………………………...…………………. 13
2.6.1 Plenty Ideas…...…………………………………………………………....... 13
2.6.3 Little Repetition……………………………………………………………... 14
2.6.4 Clear Utterance……………………………………………………………… 15
CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1 Research Design………………...…………………………………………………… 16
3.2 Research Subject………………………….…………………………………………. 17
3.3 Data Collection………………………………………………………………………. 17
3.3.1.1 Observation……………………………………………………….. 18
3.3.1.2 Interview………………………………………………………….. 18
3.3.2 Procedures…………………………………………….................................... 20
4.1 Findings……………………………………………………………………………… 22
4.2 Discussion…………………………………………………………………………… 34
5.1 Conclusion…………………………………………………………………………… 36
5.2 Suggestions…………………………………………………………………………... 37
Table 4.3 Students Speaking Fluency Problems………………………………………... 32
REFERENCES
Al Nakhalah, A. M. Mahmoud. Problems and Difficulties of Speaking That
Encounter English Language Students at Al Quds Open University
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention ISSN
(Online).5 (12), 96-101.
Alfarizi, S. (2013). The Problem Faced by English Department Students in Public
Speaking. Bachelor’s Thesis. University of Muhammadiyah Malang.
Ary, D. (2010). Introduction to Research in Education; Eight Edition. Canada:
Wadsworth Cengage Learning.
Practices. White Plains, NY: Pearson Education.
Creswell, J. W. (2009). Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative and Mixed
Methods Approaches (3rd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Creswell, J. W. (2014). Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative and Mixed
Methods Approaches (4th ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
De Jong, N., Perfetti, C.A. (2011). Fluency Training in the ESL Classroom: An
Experimental Study of Fluency Development and Proceduralization.
Language Learning. 2, 533-568.
Dore, C. (2016). Perceptions of Fluency. Master’s Dissertation. University of
Reading.
Feni, G.P. (2014). The Difficulties of Learning Speaking Faced by the Second
Semester Students of English Department of University of Muhammadiyah
Malang. Bachelor’s Thesis. University of Muhammadiyah Malang.
Fillmore, C. (1979). On fluency. In C. Fillmore, D. Kempler, & W. S.-W. Yang
(Eds.) Individual differences in language ability and language behavior.
(pp. 85-101). New York: Academic Press.
Foster, P. & Skehan, P. (1999). The influence of source of planning and focus of
planning on task-based performance. Language Teaching Research, 3,
215-247.
Fulcher, G. (1993). The construction and validation of rating scales for oral tests
in English as a foreign language. Lancaster. University of Lancaster.
Harmer, J. (2001). The Practice of English Language Teaching. Longman:
Longman Press.
Heriansyah, H (2012). Speaking Problem Faced by the English Department
Students of Syiah Kuala University. Lingua Didaktika. 6, (1), 37-44.
Lasagabaster, D., & Sierra, J.M. (2002). University Students’ Perceptions of
Native and Non-native Speaker Teachers of English. Language
Awareness. 11, 132-142.
Lennon, P., 1990. Investigating fluency in EFL: A quantitative approach.
Language Learning 40, 387–412.
Luoma, S. (2004). Assessing Speaking. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Mairi, S. (2016). An Analysis of Speaking Fluency Level of the English
Department of Universitas Negeri Padang. Jurnal Bahasa dan
Pembelajaran Bahasa. 2, 161-171.
Martha, R.K., Ardi, H. (2013). Teaching Speaking Fluency by Using Readers’
Theatre Strategy to Students at Senior High School. Journal of English
Language Teaching. 1 (2), 292-300.
Namey. E. et al. (2005). Qualitative Research Methods: A Data Collector’s Field
Guide. North California: USAID.
Nunan, D. (2003) Practical English Language Teaching. New York: McGraw-
Hill.
Paakki, Henna. (2013). Difficulties in Speaking English and Perceptions of
Accents A Comparative Study of Finnish and Japanese Adult Learners of
English. Master’s Thesis, University of Eastern Finland.
Pujilestari, R. (2015). The Use of Speaking Pauses in Students Speaking Accuray
at Third Semester Students English Department University of
Muhammadiyah Malang. Bachelor’s thesis. University of Muhammadiyah
Malang.
Riggenbach, H., 1991. Towards an understanding of fluency: A microanalysis of
nonnative speaker conversation. Discourse Processes 14, 423–441.
Solcova, P. (2011). Teaching Speaking Skills. Masters Diploma Thesis. Masaryk
University.
Tavakoli, p., and Skehan, P. (2005). Strategic planning, task structure, and
performance testing. In R. Ellis (Ed.), Planning and task performance in a
second language (pp. 239 – 277). Amsterdam: Benjamins.
Thornbury, S. (2005) How to Teach Speaking. Harlow: Longman.
Torky, S. Abd. EL. (2006). The Effectiveness of a Task- Based Instruction
program in Developing the English Language Speaking Skills of
Secondary Stage Students. Ph.D. degree in Education. Ain Shams
University.
