AN ALCTS WEBINAR PRESENTED BY JULIE MOSBO TEXAS...

A N A L C T S W E B I N A R P R E S E N T E D B Y

J U L I E M O S B O T E X A S A & M U N I V E R S I T Y

M A R C H 2 , 2 0 1 6

Library Preservation Today! Environmental Monitoring and Control

Julie Mosbo

Library Preservation Today!, hosted by ALCTS, Association for Library Collections & Technical Services, March 2016

About me… Director of Preservation and the William and Susan Ouren

Preservation Librarian at Texas A&M University Libraries since October 2013.

Prior to TAMU, Preservation Librarian at

Southern Illinois University at Carbondale

from 2008-2013.

ACLTS Fundamentals of Preservation Instructor

since 2011.

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Overview

Temperature & Humidity

Storage & Exhibit

Pests

Mold

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Temperature & Humidity 4


Why is Temperature & Humidity Important? 5

Contributes to the changes in the physical makeup of materials Heat

accelerates deterioration

High relative humidity moisture creates harmful chemical reactions in materials

High humidity and low temperatures creates an environment for mold growth and insect

activity

Dramatic fluctuations in temperature and relative humidity creates problems Materials are continuously adapting to their environment

through the absorption and release of moisture. Creates expanding and contracting Leads to issues including:

cockling paper flaking ink warped covers on books cracked emulsion


Temperature & Humidity 6

Standards National Information Standards Organization (NISO) report:

Environmental Guidelines for the Storage of Paper Records Combined stack and user areas

Temp.: 70°F

%RH: 30%–50%

Optimum preservation stacks

Temp.: 35-65°F

%RH: 30-50%

Maximum daily fluctuation

Temp.: +/-2°F

%RH: +/-3%

Conservation Environment Guidelines for Libraries and Archives (1990) Ideal Environment for Libraries and Archives

Temp.: 60°–65°F

%RH: 40%–45%

National Archives and Records Administration (NARA, 2002) Ideal Environment for Libraries and Archives

Temp.: 65°F

%RH: 35%–45%


Preventative Preservation 7

Environmental Monitoring program Identify the types of items in your

collections

Work with your facilities personal to determine what your HVAC can do

DO NOT make your HVAC system do something it wasn’t designed to do

Use data loggers or hygrothermographs

Review and record the data

Share the data with facilities


Storage & Exhibits 8


Problem Areas 9

Lighting Fading Heat

Pollutants Particulates

abrasive attract pests and mold cause staining

Gaseous pollutants (sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxide, and ozone) staining and discoloration accelerate

Storage Acidic Off-gassing


Preventative Preservation

Lighting Requirements Levels should be kept as low as

possible - Turn off lights not in use

UV component eliminated - UV filters on windows and lights

Reading and Inspection Areas: 300-600 lux

Display: 50-150 lux (lower is better); limited periods

Storage Areas: 10-50 lux

Set a plan for page turning or item replacement during a long exhibit

Low-budget solution – Blinds!

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Preventative Preservation 11

Pollutants Particulate

filtered debris through central systems create a regular schedule of replacing filters plan for routine housekeeping

dusting and vacuuming protect items inside enclosures (cabinets,

boxes, etc.) keep doors and windows closed

Gaseous keep in mind everyday facility items that can

off gas, including: building materials, furnishings, cleaning

agents, and photocopiers (photocopiers generate ozone which can accelerate deterioration)

Good air exchange with clean replacement air will help to reduce pollution levels.


Preventative Preservation

Storage: Lignin-free

Acid free

Polypropylene or Mylar

just because something might say it’s “archival” it still may not be acid free and/or lignin-free.

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Integrated Pest Management 13


Issues What is a “Pest”?

Typical kinds of pests:

Beetles

Cockroaches

Silverfish

Spiders

Mice/Rats

Squirrels

Raccoons/Possums

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Issues Example Pest

PESTS & INSECTS

• Silverfish

Eat material high in protein, sugar, or starch, including cereals, moist wheat flour, starch in book bindings, sizing in paper, and paper on which there is glue or paste; may bite very small holes in various fabrics, including cotton, linen, and silk, even though they cannot digest either linen or cotton.

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Issues Example Pest

PESTS & INSECTS

• Cockroaches

Eat almost anything including meats and grease, starchy foods, sweets, baked goods, leather, wallpaper paste, book bindings and sizing.

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Issues Identification of Pest Activity 17


We Found Pests: What Do We Do?

Damaged caused by insects is irreversible

Ways of treating infestations Fumigation collections Oxygen deprivation or CO2

treatment Freezing Vacuuming

Costs

Time Staff Outside vendors Equipment

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Preventative Measures 19

Integrate Pest Management (IPM) Program

Education

Assess the building/facility

Assess new collections coming into the building

Set and monitor traps

Housekeeping

Monitor food/drink


Mold

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What is Mold?

It’s a fungi 10,000 species of fungi

mildew mold mushrooms

Mold… Is made up of spores Spores are airborne Can vary in color

Active Mold Still growing

environment (temp. and %RH ) is not stable

Inactive mold environment is more stable.

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What Causes Mold?

Different types of materials absorb different amounts of water. When different materials are exposed to

the same environment, some develop mold and others do not.

Lower temperature and higher humidity increases the chance of mold growth.

Mold growth can start to occur

48-72 hours in such conditions.

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What Damage Does Mold Cause?

Mold eats paper and other materials found in libraries and archives.

Mold is attracted to cellulose, starch adhesives, and sizing.

Mold excretes digestive enzymes that allow them to eat those materials.

These enzymes can alter, weaken, and stain materials.

Mold is also an issue for people. Allergies Asthma Respiratory problems Weak immune systems Skin and eye irritations

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We Found Mold: What Do We Do?

Check the environment. Temp & %RH Is moisture coming through somewhere? Is there a problem with the HVAC system?

Modify the environment:

Stabilize temp. & %RH Temp: below 70oF %RH: 55% or lower

If needed, remove water and moisture. Increase air circulation and draw out moisture

from the air.

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE):

Gloves (preferable non-latex gloves) A protective mask (preferably a N95 or N100) Goggles

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Preventative Measures

Keep a stable environment Create an Environmental

Monitoring Plan Identify materials in collection and

determine the best environment for those collections

Use data loggers or hygrothermographs Record and save the data Report issues as soon as possible

Assess New Materials

If coming from a questionable location, quarantine collections

Separate anything suspicious

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Resources 26

At Your Library – Pass It On! Preservation Week http://www.atyourlibrary.org/passiton

Cornell Library Preservation and Conservation https://www.library.cornell.edu/preservation/librarypreservation/mee/index.html

Image Permanence Institute Storage Guides https://www.imagepermanenceinstitute.org/imaging/storage-guides

National Park Service Conserve O Grams http://www.nps.gov/museum/publications/conserveogram/cons_toc.html

Northeast Document Center Preservation Leaflets http://www.nedcc.org/free-resources/preservation-leaflets/overview

University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign IPM Photo Reference http://www.library.illinois.edu/prescons/services/ipm/ipm_photoref.html


http://www.atyourlibrary.org/passitonhttps://www.library.cornell.edu/preservation/librarypreservation/mee/index.htmlhttps://www.library.cornell.edu/preservation/librarypreservation/mee/index.htmlhttps://www.imagepermanenceinstitute.org/imaging/storage-guideshttps://www.imagepermanenceinstitute.org/imaging/storage-guideshttps://www.imagepermanenceinstitute.org/imaging/storage-guideshttps://www.imagepermanenceinstitute.org/imaging/storage-guideshttp://www.nps.gov/museum/publications/conserveogram/cons_toc.htmlhttp://www.nps.gov/museum/publications/conserveogram/cons_toc.htmlhttp://www.nedcc.org/free-resources/preservation-leaflets/overviewhttp://www.nedcc.org/free-resources/preservation-leaflets/overviewhttp://www.nedcc.org/free-resources/preservation-leaflets/overviewhttp://www.nedcc.org/free-resources/preservation-leaflets/overviewhttp://www.nedcc.org/free-resources/preservation-leaflets/overviewhttp://www.nedcc.org/free-resources/preservation-leaflets/overviewhttp://www.library.illinois.edu/prescons/services/ipm/ipm_photoref.htmlhttp://www.library.illinois.edu/prescons/services/ipm/ipm_photoref.html

Questions 27

Julie Mosbo [email protected]

mailto:[email protected]

AN ALCTS WEBINAR PRESENTED BY JULIE MOSBO TEXAS...

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