An Acid Catalyzed Reaction
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Transcript of An Acid Catalyzed Reaction
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Reaction of Acetic Anhydride and Isopropyl Alcohol
.
2008
Joshua BaileyChem 213 Section 3
3/19/2008
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Introduction
Many esters with a low molecular weight have very pleasant odors. A few
examples are isoamyl acetate which has the odor of bananas, methyl salicylate which
smells like wintergreen, and ethyl butyrate which has the odor of pineapple. Esters are
also involved in biological activities. An example of such a case is vitamin C. The
purpose of this lab is to synthesize isopropyl acetate from acetic anhydride and isopropyl
alcohol. The product obtained will be analyzed by infrared spectroscopy, refractive
index, and gas chromatography. The data obtained in lab will be compared to literature
values to determine if the desired product was obtained.
Data Analysis
Mass of isopropyl acetate: 3.56 g
Refractive Index: 1.376
IR of Isopropyl Acetate
Peak (cm -1 ) Represents2983 C-H (aldehyde)2942 C-H (aldehyde)2884 C-H (aldehyde)1738 C=O (ester)1246 C-O (ester)
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Discussion
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When an anhydride reacts with an alcohol and is catalyzed by an acid the process
of esterfication takes place. The general reaction for this process is shown in figure 1.
The products obtained are an ester and a carboxylic acid. The complex mechanism of
this reaction occurs over six steps.
The first step of this reaction is protonation of the ester carbonyl (figure 2). This
makes it more electrophillic which in turns makes it more susceptible to nucleophillic
attack.
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After the ester carbonyl is protonated the nucleophile is then able to attack the molecule
(figure 3). For this experiment the nucleophile isopropyl alcohol was used.
To neutralize the positive charge created by this nucleophillic addition the oxygen is
deprotonated (figure 4).
The oxygen in the middle of the compound becomes protonated (figure 5). This results
in -COOCH3 becoming a good leaving group. Once the leaving group has been created
the molecule splits in two (figure 6).
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The deprotonation of figure 6 gives isopropyl acetate (figure 7).
Three different techniques were used to determine if the product obtained was
isopropyl acetate. The techniques used were infrared spectroscopy, refractive index, and
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gas chromatography. The IR peaks obtained in lab were 2983 cm-1, 2942 cm-1, 2884 cm-
1, 1738 cm-1, and 1246 cm-1. The literature value of IR peaks for isopropyl acetate are
2984 cm-1, 2944 cm-1, 2884 cm-1, 1758 cm-1, and 1248 cm-1. The IR obtained in lab
showed many similarities to the literature IR of isopropyl acetate. The refractive index
was also obtained from the product. The refractive index was determined to be 1.376.
The literature value for the refractive index of isopropyl acetate is 1.377. The GC
obtained from lab showed the product was very pure. Using all this information it was
determined that isopropyl acetate was successfully synthesized.
Conclusion
The goals of the lab were successfully accomplished. Isopropyl acetate was
successfully synthesized in lab. This was determined by infrared spectroscopy, refractive
index, and GC. The refractive index of isopropyl acetate was found to be 1.376. The
actual refractive index of isopropyl acetate is 1.377. The percent yield of the product was
51.5%.
References
Smith, Janice G. Organic Chemistry. 1st ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2006. 798.
Mohrig, Jerry R., Christina N. Hammond, and Paul F. Shatz. Techniques in Organic Chemistry. 2nd ed. New York: Craig Bleyer, 2006. IR table.
19 Mar. 2008 <http://riodb01.ibase.aist.go.jp/sdbs/cgi-bin/direct_frame_top.cgi>.
19 Mar. 2008 <http://sigmaaldrich.com/catalog/search/ProductDetail/ALDRI...>
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