AM Ch.2 Remote Sensing Data Collection .

www.Remote-Sensing.info

AM


Ch.2 Remote Sensing Data Collection


Overview


Linear Array CCD

Linear Array CCD Flatbed Digitizer


Digitization


Remote Sensing System used for Multispectral and Hyperspectral Data Collection

• Scanner:

(TM, GOES)

• Pushbroom:

(SPOT, IKONOS)

• Whiskbroom:

(AVIRIS, MODIS)


Remote Sensing System used for Multispectral and Hyperspectral Data Collection


Chronological Launch and Retirement History of the Landsat Satellite Series


Inclination of the Landsat Orbit to Maintain A Sun-synchronous Orbit

Landsat Multispectral Scanning System (MSS/ TM) Orbit

99Þ

Landsat at 12:30 p.m. local time

Equatorial plane and

direction of Earth

rotation

Landsat at 9:42 a.m. local time

N

S

Orbit 16, day 2Orbit 2, day 1

Orbit 15, day 2Orbit 1, day 1

185 km wide

2875 km at equator

159 km


Landsat 4 and 5 Worldwide Reference System


Landsat 4 and 5 Platform with Associated Sensor and Telecommunication Systems

High-gain antenna

Multispectral Scanner (MSS)

Solar array panel

Thematic Mapper

(TM)

Global positioning system antenna

Attitude control module

Propulsion module

Power module

High-gain antenna

Multispectral Scanner (MSS)

Solar array panel

Thematic Mapper

(TM)

Global positioning system antenna

Attitude control module

Propulsion module

Power module


Spectral and Spatial Resolution of the Landsat Multispectral Scanner (MSS), Landsat 4 and 5 Thematic Mapper (TM), Landsat 7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+), SPOT 1, 2, and 3 High Resolution Visible (HRV), and SPOT 4 High Resolution Visible Infrared (HRVIR) Sensor Systems


Seven Bands of Landsat Thematic Mapper Data of Charleston, SC, Obtained on February 3, 1994


Reflectance of the Upper Surface of A Sycamore Leaf at Different Moisture Contents

Per

cent

Ref

lect

ance

(rel

ativ

e to

MgO

)

Wavelength (µ m)0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5

10

0

30

40

50

60

20Moisture content

301%154%

49%16%

Thematic Mapper bands

Reflectance of the Upper Surface of a Sycamore Leaf at Different Moisture Contents

0.8

Pigmen- tation

Internal leaf structure Leaf moisture content


Landsat 7 Image of Palm Spring, CA

30 x 30 m (bands 4,3,2 = RGB)


Landsat 7 Image of Palm Spring, CA

30 x 30 m (bands 7,4,2 = RGB)


GOES East and West Coverage

NOAA: National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration

GOES: Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite

140ÞE 180ÞE 20ÞE

Useful GOES coverage

Communication range

GOES West

GOES East

140ÞW 100ÞW 60ÞW 20ÞW

GOES West

GOES East


GOES Imager Optical Elements

D

D

D

D

D Visible detectors (8)

Spectral balance filter

Dichroic beamsplitter (Db) Db

Collimating lens

Mirror Primary mirror

Secondary mirror

Mirror

Mirror

Db

focus lens

vacuum window

cooler window

10.7 m

12 m

6.75 m

3.9 m

Collimating lens

filter

filter

filter

Depolarizer

Visible bandpass filter

Radiant flux () from the terrain

4

5

3

2

1

filter

0.52 – 0.72 m


GOES East and West Coverage

GOES East Infrared

August 25, 1989

GOES East Visible

August 25, 1989


GOES East August 25, 1989

GOES East Infrared GOES East Visible

GOES East Water Vapor


Remote Sensing System used for Multispectral and

Hyperspectral Data Collection


Chronological Launch History of the SPOT Satellites

SPOT 505/03-05/04, 2002Ariane 4 launcher


SPOT Satellite System Components

Courtesy of SPOT Image, Inc.


SPOT Off -NADIR View


SPOT Off -NADIR Revisit Capabilities


Comparison of the Detail of30 x 30 m Landsat TM Band 3 Data and SPOT 10 x 10 m Panchromatic

Data of Charleston, SC


Geographic Coverage of the SPOT HRV and Landsat Thematic Mapper Remote Sensing Systems


Portion of the First Global 10-day Synthesis Image Produced Using the SPOT Vegetation

Sensor May 11-20, 1998

Courtesy of SPOT Image, Inc.Courtesy of SPOT Image, Inc.


Space Imaging, Inc., IKONOS

Panchromatic Images of Washington, DC

1 x 1 m spatial resolution1 x 1 m spatial resolution


IKONOS Imagery of Columbia, SC Obtained on October 28, 2000

Panchromatic 1 x 1 mPanchromatic 1 x 1 m Pan-sharpened multispectral 4 x 4 mPan-sharpened multispectral 4 x 4 m


Imaging Spectrometry

The simultaneous acquisition of images in many relatively narrow, contiguous and/or non-contiguous spectral bands

throughout the ultraviolet, visible and infrared portions of the spectrum.


Remote Sensing System used for

Multispectral and Hyperspectral Data

Collection


NASA AVIRIS: Advanced Visible Infrared Imaging Spectrometer


Airborne Visible Infrared Imaging

Spectrometer (AVIRIS) Datacube of Sullivan’s

Island Obtained on October 26, 1998


Hyperspectral Crop Classification Using

AVIRIS Data


Earth Observing System - Terra Instruments

ASTER - Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection RadiometerCERES - Clouds and the Earth’s Radiant Energy SystemMISR - Multi-angle Imaging SpectroradiometerMODIS - Moderate-resolution Imaging SpectroradiometerMOPITT - Measurement of Pollution in the Troposphere


Earth Observing System Measurements

Discipline EOS-AM InstrumentsMeasurement

Atmosphere Cloud Properties MODIS, MISR, ASTERRadiative Energy Fluxes CERES, MODIS, MISRPrecipitationTropospheric Chemistry MOPITTStratospheric ChemistryAerosol Properties MISR, MODISAtmospheric Temperature MODISAtmospheric Humidity MODISLightning




Land Land Cover/Land Use Change MODIS, MISR, ASTERVegetation Dynamics MODIS, MISR, ASTERSurface Temperature MODIS, ASTERFire Occurrence MODIS, ASTERVolcanic Effects MODIS, MISR, ASTERSurface Wetness




Ocean Surface Temperature MODISPhytoplankton MODIS, MISRDissolved Organic Matter MODIS, MISRSurface Wind FieldsOcean Surface Topography

Cryosphere Land Ice Change ASTERSea Ice MODIS, ASTERSnow Cover MODIS, ASTER

Solar Radiation Total Solar RadiationUltraviolet Spectral Irradiance


Earth Observing System - Terra Instruments

MODIS - Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer

Orbit 705 km Sun-synchronous orbitSpectral Range 0.4 - 14.4 mmSpectral Coverage +55˚, 2330 km swathBands 36 co-registered bands: 20 bands (0.4-3 um), 16 bands (3-14.4 um)Spatial Resolution 250 m (bands 1-2), 500 m (bands 3-7), 1000 m (bands 8- 36)


Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Onboard Terra

First day global

coverage

2,330 km swath width


Moderate Resolution Imaging

Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Onboard Terra

Nile River and Nile Delta


Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Onboard Terra

Nile River and Nile Delta


Remote Sensing System used for

Multispectral and Hyperspectral Data

Collection


Positive Systems, Inc., Imagery

Green Red Near-Infrared

ADAR 5500 System Components


Emerge Spatial, Inc., Imagery

Green Red Near-Infrared


Litton Emerge Spatial, Inc., CIR image (RGB = NIR,R,G) of Dunkirk, NY, at 1 x 1 m obtained on December 12, 1998

Natural color image (RGB = RGB) of a N.Y. Power Authority lake at 1 x 1

ft obtained on October 13, 1997


Review

Digital Image TerminologyRemote Sensing System used for Multispectral and

Hyperspectral Data Collection Scanner: TM, GOES Pushbroom: SPOT, IKONOS Whiskbroom: AVIRIS, MODISDigital Frame Camera: Positive Systems,

Inc. (ADAR), Emerge Spatial, Inc.

AM Ch.2 Remote Sensing Data Collection .

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