Amritsar - The Holy CityAmritsar - The Holy City ... Golden Temple. ... institutes that are...

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(Dr. H. S. Chopra)

PhD.(His.) PhD(Lib. & Inf. Sc.)

University Librarian

[email protected], [email protected]

Bhai Gurdas Library

Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar

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Preface

Amritsar is one of the important cities of Punjab State. The city has one of the

most prominent shrines of the Sikhs “The Harimandir Sahib” popularly known as the

Golden Temple. Amritsar acts as an education hub for the region. There are a large

number of educational institutions in the city. Guru Nanak Dev University, Bhai Gurdas

Central Library has tried to collect maximum books on Sikhism.

The purpose of this work is to present a comprehensive bibliography of books in

English, Hindi and Punjabi languages on Amritsar. Each entry contains information

about the author, editor, compiler, translator, title, edition, place of publication,

publisher, year of publication and number of volumes wherever applicable. In addition

to, it the detailed list of Punjabi manuscripts available in Bhai Gurdas Central Library

has also been added for the use of researchers and scholars which are directly

related to Amritsar.

Entries in each language group and its sub-divisions are arranged in alphabetical

order of the name of authors and under titles wherever author’s names are not

available, Government and institutional publications are entered under the names of

the concerned State or institutions respectively. Reference books have been entered

under the titles of the books. It is available both in print and online version. For an

online version of this bibliography visit Bhai Gurdas Central Library at

http://libray.gndu.ac.in.

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Signs:- * : denotes that the book is available in Bhai Gurdas Central Library

and directly related to Amritsar

** : denotes that the book is not available in Bhai Gurdas Central

Library but directly related to Amritsar

# : denotes the book with reference to Amritsar and available in Bhai

Gurdas Central Library

## : denotes that the book with reference to Amritsar but not

available in Bhai Gurdas Central Library

s.l. : no place of publication

s.n. : no name of publisher

n.d. : no date

rev. : revised

vol. : volume

ed. : editor

comp. : compiler

tr. : translator

This bibliography will be in PDF format which can be downloaded from the

University website i.e. www. gndu.ac.in

The format of the entry will be as following:

Author/ Editor/ Compiler/ Translator

Title; sub-title and each subsequent statement of responsibility.

Edition statement. Place of publication, Publisher, Year of publication, Volume.

e.g. Alter, Stephen

Amritsar to Lahore; crossing the border between India and Pakistan. New

Delhi, Penguin, 2000.

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The bibliography consists of books in three languages :-

Sr. No. Language Page no.

1. English 9-39

2. Hindi 40-42

3. Punjabi 43-64

I am thankful to Smt. Kulvir Kaur and Sh. Satish Kumar, Assistant

Librarians who have made sincere efforts to collect the data from various

sources.

(Dr. H. S. Chopra)

Ph. D. (His); Ph. D. (Lib. & Inf. Sc.)

University Librarian

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Amritsar

The city of Amritsar the metropolis of the Sikh faith was founded in the year

1577 A. D. by fourth Sikh Guru Ram Dass Ji (1534-81). The holy city of the Sikhs, is

the headquarter of a district Amritsar in the Punjab. Guru Ram Das Ji inaugurated the

digging of the holy tank (Amrit-Sarovar) from which the city derives its present name.

According to some sources, the land of Amritsar was purchased from the residents of

the neighbouring villages Gumtala and Tung during the time of Guru Amar Dass (1479-

1574) and according to some other sources, the piece of land of Amritsar was a gift

from the Mughal emperor Akbar to Guru Amar Dass’s daughter Bibi Bhani married to

Guru Ram Dass Ji.

The city lies on the main Grand Trunk Road, thirty miles of the east of Lahore

and two hundred and fifty miles north west of Delhi. The population of Amritsar is

made up of Sikhs, Hindus, Jains, Christians and Muslims.

Amritsar (amrit-nectar, sar=pool) was reckoned to be the sacred city of Punjab.

The habitation that grew around the sacred pool (Sarovar) was initially called

Ramdaspur, or Chakk Ramdas, or simple Chakk Guru. Guru Ram Das encouraged people

from various trades and professions belonging to different cities to start their

business in this city. The town expanded further under his son and successor, Guru

Arjan Dev Ji (1563-1606) who completed and lined the holy tank and constructed in its

middle the holy shrine Harimandir now famous as the Golden Temple and also had two

more tanks, Santokhsar and Ramsar excavated nearby. It was on the bank of Ramsar

that he carried out the compilation of the Adi Granth (later Guru Granth Sahib). With

the installation on 16 August 1604 of the Guru Granth Sahib in the Harimandir, the

shrines and the sarovar surrounding Amritsar together the central attraction of the

town and a site of pilgrimage for the Sikhs and others from far and near. In time, the

town itself came to be called “Amritsar”.

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The city of Amritsar has high traditions of martyrdom, patriotism and

secularism not to be paralleled by any other city of India. It has given to the country

a galaxy of stars, national leaders, writers, artists, generals and sportsmen of whom

the country is rightly proud of.

The Akal Takhat is the temporal counterpart of the Golden Temple’s sole sheer

spiritual structure. It is considered the highest seat of authority among the Sikhs.

Another revered place is the Durgiana temple which is dedicated to Goddess

Durga and dates back to 16th century. It is an important religious pilgrimage of the

Hindus, situated outside the Lohgarh Gate.

Sixteen kilometers to the West is Ram Tirath, commemorating Maharishi

Valmik Ji’s heritage. The place gets special mention in the great Hindu epic

‘Ramayana’. It is the place where Maharishi Valmik gave shelter to Sita, wife of Lord

Rama.

Summer palace of Maharaja Ranjit Singh is situated in the middle of a beautiful

garden called Ram Bagh in Amritsar City. This garden is laid out on the pattern of

Shalimar Bagh at Lahore. The museum at Ram Bagh houses weapons dating back to

Mughal times and some portraits of the ruling houses of the Punjab.

The Jallianwala Bagh at Amritsar reminds the visitor of one of the most heart-

rending events in the history of India. Here, about 2000 persons who were attending a

peaceful meeting on Baisakhi Day fell under the bullets of the British General Dyer, on

April 13, 1919. Bullet marks and well into which some people jumped to escape the

onslaught can still be seen.

Amritsar is the proud owner of some excellent academic institutions like Khalsa

college which was founded in 1892 and built on grand scale in typical Sikh

architecture. Guru Nanak Dev University was established in 1969 to

commemorate Guru Nanak Dev's birth quincentenary celebrations. The University has

won Maulana Abul Kalam Azad (MAKA) Trophy 21st times and Inter-varsity youth

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festival championship seven times as winner and nine times as runner-up

consecutively. UGC has granted the University Centre for Excellence in Sports

Sciences. National Assessment and Accreditation Council accredited the University at

the Five Star Level. Being rated at such a high level will inspire its community to make

strides ahead still faster and stronger with academic excellence and commitment to

social upliftment as the core ideals. Amritsar is also dotted with colleges and

institutes that are dedicated to the study of medical sciences, engineering, education,

agriculture and arts. About 20 kms away from University is an International Border.

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** Ahluwalia, Jagdeep Kaur

International satellite channel under Akal Takht, by

Jagdeep Kaur Ahluwalia and Harpreet Kaur. Patiala,

Guru Nanak Dev Mission, 1995.

* Ahluwalia, Jasbir Singh, ed.

Sri Akal Takht; a symbol of divine sovereignty, edited

by Jasbir Singh Ahluwalia and H.S. Dilgir.

Chandigarh, Guru Gobind Singh Foundation, n.d.

** Allen, Marguerite

Golden lotus of Amritsar. Calcutta, The Author,

1995.

* Alter, Stephen

Amritsar to Lahore; crossing the border between India

and Pakistan. New Delhi, Penguin, 2000.

* Amritsar, city of the Golden Temple. Chandigarh,

Director Public Relations Punjab, 1977.

** Amritsar conspiracy case 1919 (Microfilm). New Delhi,

National Archives of India.

* Amritsar; guide map., Punjab Govt, n.d.

** Amritsar past and present. Amritsar, Municipal

Committee, 1967.

** Anand, Mulk Raj

Homage to Amritsar. Bombay, Marg Publication, 1977.

** Anurag Singh, tr.

Eye Witness Account of Operation Blue Star. Amritsar,

Bhai Chattar Singh Jiwan Singh, 1999.

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** Arshi, Pradeep Singh

The Golden Temple: history, art and architecture. New

Delhi, Harman, 1939.

** Bakhshish Singh

Golden Temple. Patiala, Punjabi University, 1999.

** Bannerjee, Indu Bhushan

The Evolution of Khalsa. Calcutta, Mukherjee and Co,

1947. 2 vols.

* Bawa, J.S.

The heritage of Amritsar. Amritsar, Faqir Singh,

1977.

** Bhupinder Singh

Amritsar Municipal Committee. Amritsar, Wazir Hind

Press, 1938.

** Brar, K.S.

Operation blue star: the true story. New Delhi, UBS,

1993.

* Chandhar, Gurmukh Singh

A brief history of the Harimandar ( Golden Temple,

Amritsar) and other Sacred Shrines around the tank of

immortality in commemoration of the visit of his

excellency the Viceroy and Governor General of

India.... 2nd ed. Lahore, Albert Press, 1894.

** Chandher, G.S.

Brief history of the Golden Temple. Lahore, The

Author, 1892.

** Chatterji, B.C., ed.

Amritsar Municipality rules of business. Amritsar,

Municipal Press, 1930.

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** Chopra, Barkat Rai, ed.

Amritsar District Gazetteer. Chandigarh, Revenue

Department Punjab, 1976.

* Chopra, Barkat Rai, ed.

Punjab district gazetteers; Amritsar. Chandigarh,

Revenue Department, 1975.

** Clarence, O McMullen

The Amritsar diocese; a preliminary survey, by O

McMullen Clarence, John C.B. Webster and Maqbul Caleb.

Batala, s.n, 1973.

** Cole, Henry H.

Preservation of national monuments, India; Golden

Temple at Amritsar. Lahore, s.n, 1884.

* Datta, V.N.

Amritsar; past and present. Amritsar, Municipal

Committee, 1967.

* Datta, V.N.

Jallianwala Bagh. Ludhiana, Lyall Book Depot, 1969.

* Datta, V.N.

Jallianwala Bagh massacre, edited by Settar Singh.

Delhi, Pragati Publication, 2000.

* Davinderpal Singh

The Golden Temple; and the city of Amritsar. Amritsar,

Sikh Book Company, 2006.

** Deora, Man Singh

Akali agitation to Operation Bluestar. New Delhi,

Anmol Publications, 1991. 2 vols.

* Deora, Man Singh, ed.

Aftermath of Operation Blue Star. New Delhi, Anmol

Publications, 1992. 2 vols. (Political

development in Punjab series no;2)

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* Dilgeer, Harjinder Singh

The Akal Takht. Jullunder, Punjabi Book Company,

1980.

* Dilgeer, Harjinder Singh

Akal Takhat Sahib. Delhi, National Book Shop, 1995.

* Draper, Alfred

Amritsar; the massacre that ended the Raj. Delhi,

Macmillan, 1981.

* Duggal, K.S.

The Akal Takht and other seats of Sikh polity. New

Delhi, UBS Publishers' Distributors, 1995.

* Fauja Singh, ed.

The city of Amritsar; a study of historical, cultural,

social and economic aspects. New Delhi, Oriental

Publishers and Distributors, 1978.

* Fauja Singh, ed.

The city of Amritsar; an introduction. 3rd ed.

Patiala, Punjabi University, 2000.

** Fauja Singh, ed.

History of the Punjab (1000 AD-1526). Patiala,

Punjabi University, 1990.

* Furneaux, Rupert

Massacre at Amritsar. London, Allen and Unwin, 1963.

** Ganda Singh, ed.

Tarikh-i-Amritsar ke chand Makhiz. Amritsar, Sikh

History Society, 1959.

* Gauba, Anand

Amritsar; a study in urban history (1840-1947).

Jalandhar, ABS Publications, 1988.

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** Gian Singh

Tarikh-i-Amritsar. Amritsar, Kendri Singh Sabha

Committee, 1977.

* Grewal, J.S.

The city of the Golden Temple. Amritsar, Guru Nanak

Dev University, 1986.

** Grewal, Nahar Singh

Historical survey of Amritsar. Amritsar, Government

Higher Secondary School, 2008.

* Gupta, Hari Ram

History of the Sikhs; 2nd revised ed. New Delhi,

Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers, 2000.

V.I - The Sikh Gurus, 1469 – 1708

V.II - Evolution of Sikh Confederacies, 1708 – 69

V.III– Sikh domination of the Mughal Empire,1764–1803

V.IV – The Sikh Commonwealth of rise and fall of Sikh

Misls

V.V - The Sikh Lion of Lahore (Maharaja Ranjit Singh,

1799-1839)

* Gursharan Singh, ed.

Jallianwala Bagh; commemoration volume and Amritsar and

our duty to India, edited by Gursharan Singh and

others. Patiala, Punjabi University, 1997.

* Gyan Inder Singh

A brief history of Akhara Sangal Wala Bazar Mai Sewan,

Amritsar. Amritsar, Pritam, 1994.

* Harbans Singh

The heritage of the Golden Temple. Amritsar,

Shiromani Gurdwara Prabandhak Committee, 1967.

* Harminder Kaur

Blue Star over Amritsar. Delhi, Ajanta Publications,

1990.

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* Harminder Kaur

Blue star over Amritsar; the real story of June 1984.

New Delhi, Corporate vision, 2006.

* Harpreet Singh

Amritsar. Amritsar, The Author, n.d.

** Hazara Singh

History and guide to the Golden Temple. Amritsar,

Partap Singh Sunder Singh, 1938.

** History of the Khalsa College Amritsar; detachment of the

Punjab University officers training corps, I.T.F.

Amritsar, Khalsa College, 1949.

* Horniman, B.G.

Amritsar and our duty to India. London, T. Fisher

Unwin, 1920.

* Jagjit Singh

Temple of spirituality or Golden Temple of Amritsar.

New Delhi, Mittal Publications, 1988.

* Johar, Surinder Singh

The heritage of Amritsar. Delhi, Sundeep Prakashan,

1978.

* Johar, Surinder Singh

The heritage of Amritsar. Delhi, National Book Shop,

2008.

** Kapur Singh

The Golden Temple. Amritsar, Dharam Parchar, 1995.

* Khalsa, Gurdharam Singh

Guru Ram Das in Sikh tradition. New Delhi, Harman

Publishing, 1997.

14

** Khullar, Rupinder

One day at the Golden Temple, by Rupinder Khullar and

Ashrani Mathur. New Delhi, Peetk Books, 1997.

** Kulwant Singh

World Sikh Conference; Sri Amritsar. Amritsar,

Shiromani Gurdwara Prabandhak Committee, 1995.

* Kumar, Jagjit Singh

Economic analysis of industry at Amritsar. Amritsar,

Khalsa College, 1970.

* MacFarquhar, A.

Punjab district gazetteers; Amritsar district.

Chandigarh, Controller of Printing and Stationery,

1947.

* Macfarquhar, A.

Settlement report of the fifth regular settlement of

the Amritsar district. Chandigarh, Controller of

Printing and Stationery, 1959.

* Madanjit Kaur

The Golden Temple; past and present. Amritsar, Guru

Nanak Dev University, 1983.

* Maighowalia, B.S.

Sardar Udham Singh; a prince amongst patriots of India;

the avenger of the massacre of Jallianwala Bagh

Amritsar. Hoshiarpur, The Author, 1969.

* Mohinder Singh

The Golden Temple, photographs by Sandeep Shankar. New

Delhi, USB Publishers and Distributors, 2002.

** Mookherji, B.S.

Golden Temple. Amritsar, Shiromani Gurdwara

Prabandhak Committee.

15

* Nara, Ishar Singh

Light of Guru Ram Dass Ji; including the story of

establishment of the city of Amritsar, translated by

Harnam Singh. Delhi, The Author, 1986.

* Narinderjit Singh

Around the Golden Temple. Amritsar, Jawahar Singh

Kirpal Singh, n.d.

* Partap Singh

Guideway and history of the Golden Temple Amritsar.

3rd ed. Amritsar, Buta Singh Partap Singh.

* Raja Ram

The Jallianwala Bagh massacre; a premeditation plan;

edited by Bal Krishna. Chandigarh, Panjab

University, 1969.

** Report Durbar Sahib. Amritsar, s.n, 1932.

** Sandhu, Balbir Singh

Noor da soma (1977). Jullundur, Amar Parkashan.

* Satbir Singh

Souvenir Sri Amritsar Foundation Day 1577-1977.

Amritsar, Mohinder Singh.

* Sharma, Suresh K., ed.

The Jallianwala Bagh tragedy. Delhi, Vista

International Publishing House, 2010.

* Shiromani Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee - Sikh Gurdwara

act 1925. Amritsar, Shiromani Gurdwara Prabandhak

Committee, 1934.

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* Sikander Singh

Udham Singh; a saga of the Freedom Movement and

Jallianwala Bagh. Amritsar, Bhai Chattar Singh Jiwan

Singh, 1998.

** Smith, V.W., comp.

Akali Dal and Shiromani Gurdwara Prabandhak Committee,

C.I.D. Report. Simla, Government Printing, 1922.

** Sundar Singh

Guide to the Darbar Sahib of the Golden Temple of

Amritsar. Amritsar, The Author, 1905.

* Swinson, Arthur

Six minutes to sunset; the story of General Dyer and

the Amritsar affair. London, Peter Davies, 1964.

* Talbot, Ian, ed.

Epicentre of violence; partition voices and memories

from Amritsar, edited by Ian Talbot and Darshan Singh

Tatla. Delhi, Permanent Black, 2006.

* Tully, Mark

Amritsar; Mrs Gandhi 's last battle, by Mark Tully and

Satish Jacob. London, Rupa, 1985.

* Verma, A.N.

The holy city of Amritsar (Amritsar guide) with who's

who. Amritsar, Verma Advertising Agency, 1983.

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# Abnashi Singh

Historical Sikh Gurudwaras of Punjab, by Abnashi Singh

and Gurvinder Singh Ahuja. Jandiala Guru, Gagan Mai

Thaal International, 2004.

## Ahluwalia, M.L.

The Panjab's pioneer freedom fighters, by M.L.

Ahluwalia and Kirpal Singh. Calcutta, Orient

Longman, 1964.

## Ahluwalia, M.L.

Remembering Maharaja Ranjit Singh. New Delhi, Ashoka

International Publishers, 1999.

# Ahluwalia, M.L., ed.

Select documents Gurudwara reform movement 1919-1925,

an era of Congress-Akali Collaboration. New Delhi,

Ashoka International, 1985.

## Ahluwalia, M.M.

Kukas; the freedom fighters of the Panjab. Bombay,

Allied, 1965.

## Ahuja, Roshan Lal

Our Masters. Allahabad, Vishav Vidyala Press, 1965.


The story of Ranjit Singh. Ludhiana, Lahore Book

Shop, 1983.


Vidya Pati Maharaja Ranjit Singh. Amritsar,

Historical Research Department, Khalsa College, 1953.

## Ajit Singh

Shiromani Akali Dal; religio- political study 1947-

1990. Kapurthala, Arman Publishers, 2005.

# Akbar, M.J.

India; the siege within. London, Penguin Books,

1985.

18

## Alexander, P.C.

My years with Indira Gandhi. s.l, Vision Books,

2001.

## Amolak Singh, ed.

The bleeding Punjab; a report to the nation, edited by

Amolak Singh and Jaspal Jassi. Ludhiana, Surkh Rekha

and Inquilabi Jantak Leeh, 1992.

# Amrit Singh, ed.

Punjab in Indian politics; issues and trends. Delhi,

Ajanta Publications, 1985.

## Archer, J.C.

The Sikhs. Princeton, University Press, 1946.

## Archer, John Clark

The Bible of the Sikhs: Punjab past and present. s.l,

s.n, 1977.

## Arshi, Pradeep Singh

Sikh Architecture. New Delhi, Intellectual, 1986.

# Arshi, Pardeep Singh

Sikh architecture in Punjab. Delhi, Intellectual

Publishing House, 1986.

# Bajwa, Harcharan Singh

Fifty years of Punjab politics; 1920-1970. Chandigarh,

Modern Publishers, 1979.

## Bal, S.S.

The Sikh struggle for independence and the place of

sovereightny in Sikh polity (1699-1765). s.l, s.n,

1968.

## Balwant Singh Gujarati

Introducing the ten masters. Delhi, Sterling

publishers, 1970.

19

# Banga, Indu

Agrarian systems of the Sikhs: late eighteenth and

early nineteenth century. New Delhi, Manohar

Publications, 1978.

# Banga, Indu, ed.

Maharaja Ranjit Singh; the state and society, edited

by Indu Banga and J.S. Grewal. Amritsar, Guru Nanak


# Bannerjee, Anil Chandra

Guru Nanak to Guru Gobind Singh. Allahabad, Rajesh

Publications, 1978.

# Barrier, N. Gerald

The Sikhs and their literature; a guide to tracts,

books and periodicals, 1849-1919. Delhi, Manohar

Book Service, 1970.

## Bawa, Chhajjoo Singh

The ten Gurus and their teaching. Lahore, Punjabi

Printing works, 1903.

## Bawa, H.S.

Plea for Punjabi speaking provinces. New Delhi, Hindu

Union Press, 1948.

## Bedi, P.L.Baba

Prophet of the moon full moon Guru Baba Nanak founder

master of Sikhism. New Delhi, New Light Publication,

1966.

# Bhagat Singh

Maharaja Ranjit Singh and his times. New Delhi,

Sehgal, 1990.

## Bhagat Singh

Sikh polity in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries.

New Delhi, Oriental, 1978.

20

## Bhan Singh, comp.

Facts about the Punjabi Suba Agitation. Amritsar,

Shiromani Akali Dal, 1960.

# Bhatia, H.S., ed.

Rare documents on Sikhs and their rule in the Punjab.

2nd ed. New Delhi, Deep and Deep Publications,

2008.

# Bingley, A.H.

The Sikhs. Delhi, National Book Shop, 1985.

# Bingley, A.H.

The Sikhs. Patiala, Department of Languages, Punjab,

1970.

# Browne, James

History of the origin and progress of the Sikhs,

edited by Ganda Singh. New Delhi, Today and

Tomorrow's Printers, 1973. v.2.

## Budhiraja, Arjan Singh

Facts about Punjabi Suba. Amritsar, Akali Dal, 1965.

## Burton, R.G.

The first and second Sikh wars. Simla, Government

Press, 1911.

## Chhabra, G.S.

Advanced history of the Punjab. 2nd ed. Jullunder,

New Academic Publishing, 1968. v.1.

## Chhabra, G.S.

Advanced study in history of the Punjab. Ludhiana,

Sharanjit, 1960. v.2.

# Chib, S.S.

New perspective on India's freedom struggle.

Chandigarh, Vandematram Prakashan, 1987.

21

# Chopra, Barkat Rai

Kingdom of the Punjab. Hoshiarpur, Vishveshvaranand

Institute, 1969.

# Chopra, Gulshan Lall

The Panjab as a sovereign state 1799-1839. Hoshiarpur,

Vishveshavaranand Vedic Research Institute, 1960.

(Reprint)

## Chopra, Gulshan Lal

The Punjab as a Sovereign State. Lahore, Uttar Chand

Kapur and Sons, 1923.

# Colvin, Ian

The life of General Dyer, edited by Harish Jain.

Chandigarh, Unistar Books, 2006.

# Cook, Hugh

The Sikh wars; the British army in Punjab 1845-1849.

Delhi, Thomson, 1975.

# Court, Henry, ed.

History of the Sikhs. Patiala, Language Department,

Punjab, 1970.

## Cunningham, Joseph Davey

A history of the Sikhs from the origin of the nation to

the battle of Sutlej (1849). New Delhi, S. Chand,

1985.

# Daljeet

The Sikh heritage; a search for totality. London,

Mercury Books, 2005.

## Darbara Singh

The Punjab tragedy. Amritsar, Steno Press, 1949.

22

## Dardi, Gopal Singh

History of the Sikh people. New Delhi, Sikh

University Press, 1979.

# Darshan Singh

Indian bhakti tradition and Sikh Gurus. Bhopal,

Lyall, 1968.

## Datta, V.N.

Jallianwala Bagh, by V.N. Datta and V.K. Arora.

Ludhiana, Kurukshetra University Books, 1969.

## Datta, V.N.

New light on the Punjab disturbances 1919. Simla,

Indian Institute of Advanced Study.

## Deol, G.S.

The role of the Gadar Party in the national movement.

Jullundur, Sterling Publishers, 1969.

## Dhillon, Gurcharan Singh

Truth about state terrorism in Punjab. Stockton,

World Sikh Organization, 1988.

## Dilgeer, Harjinder Singh

Shiromani Akali Dal. Chandigarh, Rachna Prakashan,

1980.

# Dilgeer, Harjinder Singh

The Sikh reference book. Canada, The Sikh Educational

Trust, 1997.

## Dilgeer, Harjinder Singh

The Sikhs struggle for Sovereignty, by Harjinder Singh

Dilgeer and Awatar Singh Sekhon. Edmonton, The Sikh

Educational Trust, 1992.

23

# Dogra, Ramesh Chander

The Sikh World; an encyclopaedic survey of Sikh

religion and culture, by Ramesh Chander Dogra and

Urmila Dogra. New Delhi, UBS Publishers and

Distributors, 2003.

## Elsmie, G.R.

Thirty-five years in the Punjab, 1858-93. Edinburgh,

David Douglas, 1908.

# Fauja Singh

Eminent freedom fighters of Punjab. Patiala, Punjabi


# Fauja Singh, ed.

Historians and historiography of the Sikhs. New Delhi,

Oriental Publishers, 1978.

# Fauja Singh, ed.

Maharaja Ranjit Singh; politics, society and economy,

edited by Fauja Singh and A.C. Arora. Patiala,


# Fauja Singh

Some aspects of state and society under Ranjit Singh.

New Delhi, Master Publishers, 1982.

# Field, Dorothy

The religion of the Sikhs. Delhi, Ess Ess

Publications, 1976.

# Ganda Singh

A bibliography of the Punjab. Patiala, Punjabi

University, 1988.

## Ganda Singh

Brief account of the Sikh people. Patiala, Sikh


24

## Ganda Singh, ed.

The British occupation of the Punjab. Patiala, Sikh


# Ganda Singh, ed.

The Panjab in 1839-40. Amritsar, Sikh History

Society, 1952.

# Ganda Singh, ed.

Some confidential papers of the Akali movement.

Amritsar, Shiromani Gurdwara Prabandhak Committee,

1965.

# Gandhi, Surjit Singh

History of Sikh Gurus: a comprehensive study. Delhi,

Gurdas Kapur, 1978.


History of Sikh Gurus retold. New Delhi, Atlantic

Publishers and Distributors, 2007. 2 vols.


Perspectives on Sikh Gurdwaras Legislation. New Delhi,

Atlantic, 1993.

## Garrett, H.L.O.

The Punjab- hundred years ago as described by V.

Jacquemont and Soltykoff. Patiala, Language

Department, Punjab, 1971. (Panjab Government

record office monograph no.18)

# Ghai, Prem Vati

The partition of the Punjab 1849-1947. Delhi, Munshi

Ram Manohar Lal, 1986.

# Gill, Pritam Singh

Heritage of Sikh culture; society morality art.

Jullundur, New Academic Publishing, 1975.

25

# Gill, Pritam Singh

History of Sikh Nation; foundation assassination

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Maharaja Ranjit Singh and his times, edited by J.S.

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26

## Grewal, J.S., ed.

300 years of Khalsa; edited and translated by J.S.

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European adventures of Northern India (1785-1849),

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Ranjit Singh. Delhi, S. Chand, 1967.

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The story of Punjab; yesterday and today. New Delhi,

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Vengeance; India after the assassination of Indira

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## Gurbachan Singh

The idea of the Sikh State, by Gurbachan Singh and Lal

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Babbar Akali Movement; a historical survey. Zira,

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27

# Gurmeet Singh

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# Gurmit Singh

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# Gurmukh Singh

Historical Sikh shrines. Amritsar, Singh Brothers,

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## Gurrattan Pal Singh

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## Harbans Singh

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# Harbans Singh, ed.

The Encyclopaedia of Sikhism, edited by Harbans Singh

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University, 2002. v.1.



and Others . 2nd ed; M-R Patiala, Punjabi

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and Others ; S-Z Patiala, Punjabi University, 1998.

v.4.

# Harbans Singh

The heritage of the Sikhs. 2nd rev ed. New Delhi,

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28

# Harbans Singh

Maharaja Ranjit Singh. New Delhi, Sterling, 1980.


Punjab past and present; essays in honour of Dr. Ganda

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Patiala, Punjabi University, 1976.

# Harjeet Singh

Faith and philosophy of Sikhism. Delhi, Kalpaz

Publications, 2009.

# Hasrat, Bikramajit

Life and times of Ranjit Singh; a saga of benevolent

despotism. Nabha, The Author, 1977.

# Hasrat, Bikramjit, ed.

The Punjab papers. Hoshiarpur, The Editor, 1970.

## Hukam Singh

The Sikh problem & its solution. Amritsar, Shiromani

Akali Dal, 1951.

# Jacquemont, V.

The Punjab; a hundred years ago, by V. Jacquemont and

A. Soltykoff, translated by H.L.O. Garrett. Punjab,

Language Department, 1971.

# Jafar, Ghani

The Sikh Volcano. New Delhi, Atlantic Publishers,

1988.

## Jaswant Singh

The demand for a Punjabi Suba. New Delhi, Super

Press, 1960.

# Jaswinder Singh

Kuka movement; freedom struggle in Punjab. New Delhi,

Atlantic, 1985.

29

## Jawaharlal, Nehru

Synopsis of the Nehru-Fateh Singh talks on the issues

of the formation of a Punjabi-speaking State.

Amritsar, 1961.

## Jeffrey, Robin

What's happening to India? Punjab ethnic conflict, Mrs.

Gandhi death and the test for federalism. Delhi,

Macmillan, 1986.

# Jodh Singh, Bhai

Life of Shri Guru Amardass Ji. Lahore, The Sikh Tract

Society, 1919. (Tract no; 14)

# Johar, Surinder Singh

The Sikh Gurus and their shrines. Delhi, Vivek

Publishing, 1976.

## Joshi, L.M., ed.

Sikhism. Patiala, Punjabi University, 1969.

# Kapur, Prithipal Singh, ed.

Maharaja Ranjit Singh; commemoration volume on

bicentenary of his coronation 1801-2001, edited by

Prithipal Singh Kapur and Dharam Singh. Patiala,


## Kaul, P.H.

Census of India 1911, Punjab vol. Lahore, Civil and

Military Gazette Press, 1912.

# Khilnani, N.M.

The Punjab under the Lawrences 1846-1858. Simla, The

Controller of Printing and Stationary, 1951. (The

Punjab Government Record Office publication monograph;

no.2)

30

# Khokhar, Kulwant Singh

Thousand petal lotus. Chester, Gurinder Singh

Khokhar, 2010.

## Khushwant Singh

Fall of the Kingdom of the Punjab. Calcutta, Orient

Longmans, 1962.

# Khushwant Singh

A history of the Sikhs. 2nd ed. Delhi, Oxford

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# Khushwant Singh

My bleeding Punjab. New Delhi, USB Publishers, 1992.

# Khushwant Singh

Ranjit Singh; Maharaja of the Punjab. Hyderabad,

Orient Longman, 1985.

## Khushwant Singh

The Sikhs. London, George Allen and Unwin, 1953.

# Kirpal Singh

The partition of the Punjab. Patiala, Punjabi

University, 1972.

## Kuldeep Kaur

Akali Dal in Punjab Politics; splits and mergers. New

Delhi, Deep & Deep Publications, 1999.

## Lamba, Krishan Gopal

Dynamics of Punjabi Suba. New Delhi, Deep and Deep

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## Laqueur, Walter

The age of terrorism. London, Weidenfeld and

Nicholson, 1987.

31

# Latif, Syad Muhammad

History of the Punjab; from the remotest antiquity to

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## Lawrence, H.M.

History of Punjab (1846). Patiala, Language


# Loehlin, C.H.

The Sikhs and their Scriptures; an introduction. 3rd

ed. Delhi, ISPCK, 1974.

# Madanjit Kaur

The regime of Maharaja Ranjit Singh; historians

observations. Chandigarh, Unistar Books, 2007.

# Maini, Darshan Singh

Cry, the beloved Punjab; a harvest of tragedy &

terrorism. New Delhi, Siddharth Publications, 1987.

## Malcolm, John

A Sketch of the Sikhs. London, s.n, 1812.

## Masson, Charles

Narrative of various journeys in Baluchistan,

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v.3.

# Mcleod, W.H.

The evolution of the Sikh Community; five essays.

Delhi, Oxford University Press, 1975.

## Mcleod, W.H.

Historical dictionary of Sikhism. Lanham, The

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# Mcleod, W.H.

Historical dictionary of Sikhism. 2nd ed. Oxford,

Oxford University Press, 2002.

32

## Mittal, S.C.

Freedom movement in the Punjab: 1905-29. Delhi,

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## Mohan Lal

Journey of a tour through the Punjab, Afghanistan,

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# Mohan Lal

Travels in the Punjab, Afghanistan and Turkistan to

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# Mohinder Singh

The Akali movement. Delhi, Macmillan, 1978.

# Moorcroft, William

Travels in the Himalayan provinces of Hindustan and the

Punjab; in Ladakh and Kashmir, in Peshawar, Kabul,

Kunduz and Bokhara, by William Moorcroft and George

Trebeck. Patiala, Language Department, Punjab,

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## Murray, J.S.

50 years preaching and practice in the Punjab 1909-

1959. New Zealand, Mission Committee of the

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## Murray, William

History of the Punjab. London, William Allen, 1846.

2 vols.

# Nahal, Tarlochan Singh

Religion and politics in Sikhism; the Khalsa

perspective. Amritsar, Singh Brothers, 2011.

33

# Narang, Gokul Chand

Glorious history of Sikhism. 6th ed. New Delhi, New

Book Society of India, 1972.

## Narang, Gokal Chand

Transformation of Sikhism. New Delhi, New Book

Society, 1960.

## Narayanan, V.N

Tryst with terror; Punjab's turbulent decade. Delhi,

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# Navtej Singh

Challenge to imperial hegemony; the story of a great

Indian portrait Udham Singh. Patiala, Punjabi

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## Nihal Singh

Maharaja Ranjit Singh, by Nihal Singh and Others.

Amritsar, Khalsa College, 1939.

# Nirbhai Singh

The Sikh vision of heroic life and death. Amritsar,

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## Oren, Stephen

The Sikhs and Punjab politics 1921-47. Columbia,

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# Orlich, Leopold Von

Travels in India, including Sinde and the Punjab,

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2 vols.

## Patwant Singh, ed.

Punjab: The Fatal Miscalculation, edited by Patwant

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34

# Payne, C.H.

A short history of the Sikhs. Patiala, Languages


# Prinsep, Henry T., comp.

Origin of the Sikh power in the Punjab and political

life of Maharaja Ranjit Singh; with an account of

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Languages Department, Punjab, 1970.

## Punjab and Ranjit Singh; a geographical Sketch of the Punjab

together with a history of the origin, life and

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## Punjab and Ranjit Singh; a geographical sketch of the Punjab

together with a history of origin, life and progress

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India, 1830. (List no. 1606)

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Terrorism in Punjab; understanding grassroots reality,

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The Agony of the Punjab. Madras, Tagore & Co., 1920.

## Rai, S.M.

Partition of the Punjab. Bombay, Asia Publishing

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35

# Raju, Karam Singh

Ethical perceptions of World Religions ( Hinduism,

Buddhism, Christianity; Islam and Sikhism); a

comparative study. Amritsar, Guru Nanak Dev

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## Ranbir Singh

The Sikh way of life. New Delhi, Indian Publishers,

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## Randhir Singh

The Ghadr heroes. Bombay, People's Publishing House,

1945.

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Maharaja Ranjit Singh; first death centenary memorial,

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## Rataul, Sardual Singh

The Khalsa. Amritsar, Shiromani Gurdwara Prabandhak

Committee, 1958.

## Ravel Singh

Punjabi Suba Demand. Amritsar, Shiromani Gurdwara

Prabandhak Committee, 1966.

## Ray, Niharranjan

The Sikh Gurus and the Sikh society. Patiala, Punjabi


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The land of the five rivers and Sindh. Patiala,

Languages Department, Punjab, 1970.

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The rule of Maharaja Ranjit Singh; nature and

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Sabar. Amritsar, Guru Nanak Dev University, 2001.

36

# Sahi, Joginder Singh

Sikh shrines in India and abroad. Faridabad, Common

Word.

## Sahib Singh

Jiwan Sri Guru Hargobind Sahib Ji. Amritsar, Singh

Bros., 1975.

# Sahni, Ruchi Ram

Struggle for reform in Sikh shrines; edited by Ganda

Singh. Amritsar, Sikh Itihas Research Board, 1965.

## Sandhu, A.S.

General Hari Singh Nalwa. Lahore, 1935.

## Sangat Singh

The Sikhs in history. Amritsar, Singh Brothers,

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## Sarabjit Singh

Operation black thunder: an eyewitness account of

terrorism in Punjab. s.l, Sage, 2002.

## Scott, George Battey

Religion and short history of the Sikhs, 1469-1930.

London, The Minster Press, 1930.

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The Sikh empire and Maharaja Ranjit Singh. Ludhiana,

Lahore, 1982.

## Sekhon, Awatar Singh

Constitution of Khalistan. Canada, The Sikh

Educational Trust, 2009.

## Sekhon, Awatar Singh

White paper on Khalistan; a true story. Canada, The

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37

# Seshagiri, N., ed.

Encyclopaedia of cities and towns in India (in 27

Volumes). New Delhi, Gyan Publishing House. Vol. 3.

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The Punjab story; decade of Turmoil. New Delhi, APH

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Encyclopaedia of Sikh heritage; analytical study of

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# Singh, R.N., ed.

Encyclopaedia of Sikh heritage; Sikh religious vision.

New Delhi, Commonwealth Publishers, 2002. v.5.

## Singh, Sadhu Swarup

The Sikhs demand their homeland. Lahore, Lahore Book

Shop, 1946.

# Singha, H.S., ed.

The Encyclopedia of Sikhism. 2nd ed. New Delhi,

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Ranjit Singh. 3rd ed. Calcutta, A.R. Mukherjee,

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38

## Steinbach

The Punjab being a brief account of the country of the

Sikhs. London, Smith, Elder and Company, 1846.

## Sunder Lal

Desireability of Punjabi Suba. Amritsar, Akali Dal,

1960.

# Talbot, Ian

Punjab and the Raj 1849-1947. New Delhi, Manohar

Publications, 1988.

# Talib, Gurbachan Singh, ed.

Bhai Vir Singh; life times and works, edited by

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# Talib, Gurbachan Singh

Muslim League attack on Sikhs and Hindus in the Punjab.

Amritsar, Shiromani Gurdwara Prabandhak Committee,

1950.

## Teja Singh

Claims of Punjabi Suba. Amritsar, Punjabi Balde,

2008.

# Teja Singh

Essays in Sikhism. Lahore, Sikh University Press,

1944.

# The Encyclopedia Americana; A to Anjou Connecticut,

Grolier, 1999. v.1.

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Chicago, Encyclopaedia Britannica, 1997. v.1.

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The Punjab in peace and war. Punjab, Language


39

# Thorburn, S.S.

The Punjab in peace and war. New Delhi, Usha, 1987.

## Thornton, Edward

Gazetteer of the countries; adjacent to the India on

the North West including Sind, Afghanistan,

Beluchistan, the Punjab and the neighbour states

(under the authority of the East India Company).

London, s.n, 1847.

## Thornton, T.H.

History of the Punjab and of the rise and progress and

present condition of the Sect and Nation of the Sikhs.

London, Allen and Co, 1846. 2 vols.

## Treveskis, Hugh Kennedy

The Land of Five Rivers; an economic history of the

Punjab from the earliest times of the year of Grace

1810. Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1928.

# Trilochan Singh

The turban and the sword of the Sikhs; essence of

Sikhism; edited by Anurag Singh. 3rd ed. Amritsar,

B. Chattar Singh Jiwan Singh, 2005.

# Waheeduddin, Fakir Syed

The real Ranjit Singh. New Delhi, Oriental, 1976.

## Whitcombe, Elizabeth

Agrarian conditions in Northern India: the United

provinces under British rule, 1860-1900. s.l, s.n,

1972.

40

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41

AkwlI mocoéN kw eiqhws. neé id¬lI, pIp¬s, AkwlI mocoéN kw eiqhws. neé id¬lI, pIp¬s, AkwlI mocoéN kw eiqhws. neé id¬lI, pIp¬s, AkwlI mocoéN kw eiqhws. neé id¬lI, pIp¬s, 1974. . . . # dugl, krqwr isNhdugl, krqwr isNhdugl, krqwr isNhdugl, krqwr isNh mhwrwjw rxjIq isNh : kbhUN n CwfY Kyqmhwrwjw rxjIq isNh : kbhUN n CwfY Kyqmhwrwjw rxjIq isNh : kbhUN n CwfY Kyqmhwrwjw rxjIq isNh : kbhUN n CwfY Kyq;;;; Anuvwdk hrmhyñd® isNh bydIAnuvwdk hrmhyñd® isNh bydIAnuvwdk hrmhyñd® isNh bydIAnuvwdk hrmhyñd® isNh bydI. Amƒqsr, . Amƒqsr, . Amƒqsr, . Amƒqsr,

gu{ nwnk dyv XUinvisétI, gu{ nwnk dyv XUinvisétI, gu{ nwnk dyv XUinvisétI, gu{ nwnk dyv XUinvisétI, 2001. . . . # DmévIrDmévIrDmévIrDmévIr pNjwb kw eiqhws. elwhwbwd, eNifXn p®Ys, pNjwb kw eiqhws. elwhwbwd, eNifXn p®Ys, pNjwb kw eiqhws. elwhwbwd, eNifXn p®Ys, pNjwb kw eiqhws. elwhwbwd, eNifXn p®Ys, 1956. . . . # nwr|ö, kƒpwl isNhnwr|ö, kƒpwl isNhnwr|ö, kƒpwl isNhnwr|ö, kƒpwl isNh pNjwb kw eiqhws (pNjwb kw eiqhws (pNjwb kw eiqhws (pNjwb kw eiqhws (1500----1858), kƒpwl isNh nwr|ö AOr hir), kƒpwl isNh nwr|ö AOr hir), kƒpwl isNh nwr|ö AOr hir), kƒpwl isNh nwr|ö AOr hirrwm gu‚qw. id¬lI, rwm gu‚qw. id¬lI, rwm gu‚qw. id¬lI, rwm gu‚qw. id¬lI,

XU.sI.kpUr. q.n.XU.sI.kpUr. q.n.XU.sI.kpUr. q.n.XU.sI.kpUr. q.n. # pwTk, cñd®SyKr, Anu.pwTk, cñd®SyKr, Anu.pwTk, cñd®SyKr, Anu.pwTk, cñd®SyKr, Anu. pNjwb kw BIÀx hœXwkw&f. klkÈww, inhwl cñd vµmwé, pNjwb kw BIÀx hœXwkw&f. klkÈww, inhwl cñd vµmwé, pNjwb kw BIÀx hœXwkw&f. klkÈww, inhwl cñd vµmwé, pNjwb kw BIÀx hœXwkw&f. klkÈww, inhwl cñd vµmwé, 1922. . . . # Bgq isNhBgq isNhBgq isNhBgq isNh mhwrwjw rxjIq isNh. pitXwlw, pNjwbI XUinvismhwrwjw rxjIq isNh. pitXwlw, pNjwbI XUinvismhwrwjw rxjIq isNh. pitXwlw, pNjwbI XUinvismhwrwjw rxjIq isNh. pitXwlw, pNjwbI XUinvisétI, étI, étI, étI, 1984. . . . * * * * BwrqI, sohn lwlBwrqI, sohn lwlBwrqI, sohn lwlBwrqI, sohn lwl jilXwNvwlw bwg kI DrqI AOr myry mwqw ipqw. Amƒqsr, BwrqI p®kwSn, jilXwNvwlw bwg kI DrqI AOr myry mwqw ipqw. Amƒqsr, BwrqI p®kwSn, jilXwNvwlw bwg kI DrqI AOr myry mwqw ipqw. Amƒqsr, BwrqI p®kwSn, jilXwNvwlw bwg kI DrqI AOr myry mwqw ipqw. Amƒqsr, BwrqI p®kwSn, 1983. . . . # rwjyñd®rwjyñd®rwjyñd®rwjyñd® BwrqIX sYlwinXoN ky ilE Ek ÆvgIéX ÆQl. id¬lI, prwg pi‹lkySnBwrqIX sYlwinXoN ky ilE Ek ÆvgIéX ÆQl. id¬lI, prwg pi‹lkySnBwrqIX sYlwinXoN ky ilE Ek ÆvgIéX ÆQl. id¬lI, prwg pi‹lkySnBwrqIX sYlwinXoN ky ilE Ek ÆvgIéX ÆQl. id¬lI, prwg pi‹lkySn, , , , 1993. . . . # lwPo, Xo mwrIlwPo, Xo mwrIlwPo, Xo mwrIlwPo, Xo mwrI POjPOjPOjPOj----EEEE----Kws;mhwrwjw rxjIq isNh EvN anky P®wNsIsI APsrKws;mhwrwjw rxjIq isNh EvN anky P®wNsIsI APsrKws;mhwrwjw rxjIq isNh EvN anky P®wNsIsI APsrKws;mhwrwjw rxjIq isNh EvN anky P®wNsIsI APsr;;;; Anuvwdk suDw ijqyñdR. Anuvwdk suDw ijqyñdR. Anuvwdk suDw ijqyñdR. Anuvwdk suDw ijqyñdR.

Amƒqsr, gu{ nwnk dyv XUinvisétI, Amƒqsr, gu{ nwnk dyv XUinvisétI, Amƒqsr, gu{ nwnk dyv XUinvisétI, Amƒqsr, gu{ nwnk dyv XUinvisétI, 2002. . . .

42

# ivjyñd®pwl isNhivjyñd®pwl isNhivjyñd®pwl isNhivjyñd®pwl isNh BwrqIX rwÃt‰IX AwñBwrqIX rwÃt‰IX AwñBwrqIX rwÃt‰IX AwñBwrqIX rwÃt‰IX Awñdoln. id¬lI, inmél, doln. id¬lI, inmél, doln. id¬lI, inmél, doln. id¬lI, inmél, 1998. . . . # SmIr isNhSmIr isNhSmIr isNhSmIr isNh gu{ ivlws pwqSwhI CyvIN. Amƒqsr, Kwlsw kwlyj. q.n. gu{ ivlws pwqSwhI CyvIN. Amƒqsr, Kwlsw kwlyj. q.n. gu{ ivlws pwqSwhI CyvIN. Amƒqsr, Kwlsw kwlyj. q.n. gu{ ivlws pwqSwhI CyvIN. Amƒqsr, Kwlsw kwlyj. q.n. # Smwé, nNdkumwr dyvSmwé, nNdkumwr dyvSmwé, nNdkumwr dyvSmwé, nNdkumwr dyv pNjwbpNjwbpNjwbpNjwb----hrx AOr mhwrwjw dlIp isNh. klkÈww, ihñdI puÆqk Ejyñshrx AOr mhwrwjw dlIp isNh. klkÈww, ihñdI puÆqk Ejyñshrx AOr mhwrwjw dlIp isNh. klkÈww, ihñdI puÆqk Ejyñshrx AOr mhwrwjw dlIp isNh. klkÈww, ihñdI puÆqk EjyñsI (ihñdI puÆqk I (ihñdI puÆqk I (ihñdI puÆqk I (ihñdI puÆqk

EjyñsI mwlw,sN$XwEjyñsI mwlw,sN$XwEjyñsI mwlw,sN$XwEjyñsI mwlw,sN$Xw----19), , , , 1979.... # Swi&f¬X, i»lokSwi&f¬X, i»lokSwi&f¬X, i»lokSwi&f¬X, i»lok Bwrq dSén. id¬lI, sÆqw swihœX BNfwr, Bwrq dSén. id¬lI, sÆqw swihœX BNfwr, Bwrq dSén. id¬lI, sÆqw swihœX BNfwr, Bwrq dSén. id¬lI, sÆqw swihœX BNfwr, 1988. . . .

# suKmnI qQw sNsuKmnI qQw sNsuKmnI qQw sNsuKmnI qQw sN————wyp jIvn cirq gu{ Ajuén dyv jI. Amƒqsr, mwÆtr sujwn isNh. q.n. wyp jIvn cirq gu{ Ajuén dyv jI. Amƒqsr, mwÆtr sujwn isNh. q.n. wyp jIvn cirq gu{ Ajuén dyv jI. Amƒqsr, mwÆtr sujwn isNh. q.n. wyp jIvn cirq gu{ Ajuén dyv jI. Amƒqsr, mwÆtr sujwn isNh. q.n. # sNq rwmsNq rwmsNq rwmsNq rwm rxjIqrxjIqrxjIqrxjIq----cirq;pNjwb kysrI rxjIq isNh kI gOrv gwQw. lwhOr, Awœmwrwm, q.n. cirq;pNjwb kysrI rxjIq isNh kI gOrv gwQw. lwhOr, Awœmwrwm, q.n. cirq;pNjwb kysrI rxjIq isNh kI gOrv gwQw. lwhOr, Awœmwrwm, q.n. cirq;pNjwb kysrI rxjIq isNh kI gOrv gwQw. lwhOr, Awœmwrwm, q.n. # iiii————wqISwqISwqISwqIS qUPwn ky dOr ky pNjwb. neé id¬lI, id vfé, qUPwn ky dOr ky pNjwb. neé id¬lI, id vfé, qUPwn ky dOr ky pNjwb. neé id¬lI, id vfé, qUPwn ky dOr ky pNjwb. neé id¬lI, id vfé, 1984. . . . # ªI gu{ g®NQ swihb. AmƒqªI gu{ g®NQ swihb. AmƒqªI gu{ g®NQ swihb. AmƒqªI gu{ g®NQ swihb. Amƒqsr, své ihñd is#K imSn, sr, své ihñd is#K imSn, sr, své ihñd is#K imSn, sr, své ihñd is#K imSn, 1937. . . .

43

# Ajmyr isMG# Ajmyr isMG# Ajmyr isMG# Ajmyr isMG vIhvI sdI dI is`K rwjnIqI (ie`k gulwmI qoN dUjI gulwmI q`k). jlMDr, nirMdr vIhvI sdI dI is`K rwjnIqI (ie`k gulwmI qoN dUjI gulwmI q`k). jlMDr, nirMdr vIhvI sdI dI is`K rwjnIqI (ie`k gulwmI qoN dUjI gulwmI q`k). jlMDr, nirMdr vIhvI sdI dI is`K rwjnIqI (ie`k gulwmI qoN dUjI gulwmI q`k). jlMDr, nirMdr

isMG, 2003. isMG, 2003. isMG, 2003. isMG, 2003. ** Amol, AYs.AYs.** Amol, AYs.AYs.** Amol, AYs.AYs.** Amol, AYs.AYs. AMimRqsr. pitAwlw, BwSw ivBwg pMjwb, 1983. AMimRqsr. pitAwlw, BwSw ivBwg pMjwb, 1983. AMimRqsr. pitAwlw, BwSw ivBwg pMjwb, 1983. AMimRqsr. pitAwlw, BwSw ivBwg pMjwb, 1983. * ArQ qy AMkVw sMgTn, pMjwbArQ qy AMkVw sMgTn, pMjwbArQ qy AMkVw sMgTn, pMjwbArQ qy AMkVw sMgTn, pMjwb izlw AMkVw swr AMimRqsr 1978izlw AMkVw swr AMimRqsr 1978izlw AMkVw swr AMimRqsr 1978izlw AMkVw swr AMimRqsr 1978----79., AwriQk slwhkwr pMjwb, 1982. 79., AwriQk slwhkwr pMjwb, 1982. 79., AwriQk slwhkwr pMjwb, 1982. 79., AwriQk slwhkwr pMjwb, 1982. # ArSI, inrvYr isMG# ArSI, inrvYr isMG# ArSI, inrvYr isMG# ArSI, inrvYr isMG bwxI gurU rwmdws; Awlocnwqmk AiDAYn. SRI AwnMdpur swihb, AwnMdpurI bwxI gurU rwmdws; Awlocnwqmk AiDAYn. SRI AwnMdpur swihb, AwnMdpurI bwxI gurU rwmdws; Awlocnwqmk AiDAYn. SRI AwnMdpur swihb, AwnMdpurI bwxI gurU rwmdws; Awlocnwqmk AiDAYn. SRI AwnMdpur swihb, AwnMdpurI

pbiliSMg hwaUs, 1990. pbiliSMg hwaUs, 1990. pbiliSMg hwaUs, 1990. pbiliSMg hwaUs, 1990. # ASok, SmSyr isMG# ASok, SmSyr isMG# ASok, SmSyr isMG# ASok, SmSyr isMG soFI imhrvwn; jIvn qy swihq. AMimRqsr, BweI PkIr isMG AYNf sMnz, 1soFI imhrvwn; jIvn qy swihq. AMimRqsr, BweI PkIr isMG AYNf sMnz, 1soFI imhrvwn; jIvn qy swihq. AMimRqsr, BweI PkIr isMG AYNf sMnz, 1soFI imhrvwn; jIvn qy swihq. AMimRqsr, BweI PkIr isMG AYNf sMnz, 1968. 968. 968. 968. # AOjlw, krmjIq isMG# AOjlw, krmjIq isMG# AOjlw, krmjIq isMG# AOjlw, krmjIq isMG mhwn is`K ShId drSn isMG PyrUmwn (jIvnI qy ivcwrDwrw). luiDAwxw, lwhOr mhwn is`K ShId drSn isMG PyrUmwn (jIvnI qy ivcwrDwrw). luiDAwxw, lwhOr mhwn is`K ShId drSn isMG PyrUmwn (jIvnI qy ivcwrDwrw). luiDAwxw, lwhOr mhwn is`K ShId drSn isMG PyrUmwn (jIvnI qy ivcwrDwrw). luiDAwxw, lwhOr

bu`k Swp, 2005. bu`k Swp, 2005. bu`k Swp, 2005. bu`k Swp, 2005. # AOlK, gurcrn isMG# AOlK, gurcrn isMG# AOlK, gurcrn isMG# AOlK, gurcrn isMG is~K sUrmyis~K sUrmyis~K sUrmyis~K sUrmy. luiDAwxw, lwhOr bu`k Swp, 2005. . luiDAwxw, lwhOr bu`k Swp, 2005. . luiDAwxw, lwhOr bu`k Swp, 2005. . luiDAwxw, lwhOr bu`k Swp, 2005. # scdyv, rijMdr isMG# scdyv, rijMdr isMG# scdyv, rijMdr isMG# scdyv, rijMdr isMG soFI cmqkwr. AMimRqsr, is`K bu`k, m.n. soFI cmqkwr. AMimRqsr, is`K bu`k, m.n. soFI cmqkwr. AMimRqsr, is`K bu`k, m.n. soFI cmqkwr. AMimRqsr, is`K bu`k, m.n. ** sqnwm isMG** sqnwm isMG** sqnwm isMG** sqnwm isMG SRI AMimRqsr jI dy drSn ieSnwn. SRI AMimRqsr jI dy drSn ieSnwn. SRI AMimRqsr jI dy drSn ieSnwn. SRI AMimRqsr jI dy drSn ieSnwn. AMimRqsr, 1990. AMimRqsr, 1990. AMimRqsr, 1990. AMimRqsr, 1990. # siqbIr isMG# siqbIr isMG# siqbIr isMG# siqbIr isMG swfw ieiqhws. jlMDr, inaU bu`k kMpnI, 1983. swfw ieiqhws. jlMDr, inaU bu`k kMpnI, 1983. swfw ieiqhws. jlMDr, inaU bu`k kMpnI, 1983. swfw ieiqhws. jlMDr, inaU bu`k kMpnI, 1983.

44

* siqbIr isMGsiqbIr isMGsiqbIr isMGsiqbIr isMG pUrI hoeI krwmwiq; jIvnI gurU rwmdws jI. jlMDr, inaUpUrI hoeI krwmwiq; jIvnI gurU rwmdws jI. jlMDr, inaUpUrI hoeI krwmwiq; jIvnI gurU rwmdws jI. jlMDr, inaUpUrI hoeI krwmwiq; jIvnI gurU rwmdws jI. jlMDr, inaU bu`k kMpnI, 1981. bu`k kMpnI, 1981. bu`k kMpnI, 1981. bu`k kMpnI, 1981. * sRI AMimRqsr jI dy drbwr swihb dy gu`Jy Byd. AMimRqsr, pMjwb kumrSl pRYs, m.n. sRI AMimRqsr jI dy drbwr swihb dy gu`Jy Byd. AMimRqsr, pMjwb kumrSl pRYs, m.n. sRI AMimRqsr jI dy drbwr swihb dy gu`Jy Byd. AMimRqsr, pMjwb kumrSl pRYs, m.n. sRI AMimRqsr jI dy drbwr swihb dy gu`Jy Byd. AMimRqsr, pMjwb kumrSl pRYs, m.n. # svwieAw isMG# svwieAw isMG# svwieAw isMG# svwieAw isMG Xwqrw SRI AMimRqsr jI ArQwq sMKyp ieiqhws SXwqrw SRI AMimRqsr jI ArQwq sMKyp ieiqhws SXwqrw SRI AMimRqsr jI ArQwq sMKyp ieiqhws SXwqrw SRI AMimRqsr jI ArQwq sMKyp ieiqhws SRI AMimRqsr jI, duAwrw svwieAw RI AMimRqsr jI, duAwrw svwieAw RI AMimRqsr jI, duAwrw svwieAw RI AMimRqsr jI, duAwrw svwieAw

isMG Aqy sujwn isMG., m.n. isMG Aqy sujwn isMG., m.n. isMG Aqy sujwn isMG., m.n. isMG Aqy sujwn isMG., m.n. # swihb isMG# swihb isMG# swihb isMG# swihb isMG jIvn ibRqwq SRI gurU hrgoibMd swihb. AMimRqsr, isMG bRdrz, m.n. (gur jIvn ibRqwq SRI gurU hrgoibMd swihb. AMimRqsr, isMG bRdrz, m.n. (gur jIvn ibRqwq SRI gurU hrgoibMd swihb. AMimRqsr, isMG bRdrz, m.n. (gur jIvn ibRqwq SRI gurU hrgoibMd swihb. AMimRqsr, isMG bRdrz, m.n. (gur

ieiqhws nM:6)ieiqhws nM:6)ieiqhws nM:6)ieiqhws nM:6) ## swihb i## swihb i## swihb i## swihb isMGsMGsMGsMG jIvn ibrqWq SRI gurU rwmdws. AMimRqsr, 1976. jIvn ibrqWq SRI gurU rwmdws. AMimRqsr, 1976. jIvn ibrqWq SRI gurU rwmdws. AMimRqsr, 1976. jIvn ibrqWq SRI gurU rwmdws. AMimRqsr, 1976. # swbr, jsbIr isMG, sMpw.# swbr, jsbIr isMG, sMpw.# swbr, jsbIr isMG, sMpw.# swbr, jsbIr isMG, sMpw. bwxI bwbw rwm dws. pitAwlw, pMjwbI XUnIvristI, 1989. bwxI bwbw rwm dws. pitAwlw, pMjwbI XUnIvristI, 1989. bwxI bwbw rwm dws. pitAwlw, pMjwbI XUnIvristI, 1989. bwxI bwbw rwm dws. pitAwlw, pMjwbI XUnIvristI, 1989. # is`K gurduAw# is`K gurduAw# is`K gurduAw# is`K gurduAwrw AYkt 1925 (pMjwb AYkt nM:8). AMimRqsr, SRomxI guduAwrw pRbMDk kmytI, rw AYkt 1925 (pMjwb AYkt nM:8). AMimRqsr, SRomxI guduAwrw pRbMDk kmytI, rw AYkt 1925 (pMjwb AYkt nM:8). AMimRqsr, SRomxI guduAwrw pRbMDk kmytI, rw AYkt 1925 (pMjwb AYkt nM:8). AMimRqsr, SRomxI guduAwrw pRbMDk kmytI,

1934. 1934. 1934. 1934. ## is`DU, gurdyv isMG## is`DU, gurdyv isMG## is`DU, gurdyv isMG## is`DU, gurdyv isMG swkw bwgswkw bwgswkw bwgswkw bwg----eyeyeyey----jìlHAw. pitAwlw, pMjwbI XUnIvristI, 1995. jìlHAw. pitAwlw, pMjwbI XUnIvristI, 1995. jìlHAw. pitAwlw, pMjwbI XUnIvristI, 1995. jìlHAw. pitAwlw, pMjwbI XUnIvristI, 1995. # is`DU, # is`DU, # is`DU, # is`DU, gurdyv isMG, sMpw.gurdyv isMG, sMpw.gurdyv isMG, sMpw.gurdyv isMG, sMpw. roznwmcw morcw gurU kw bwg. pitAwlw, pMjwbI XUnIvristI, 2008. roznwmcw morcw gurU kw bwg. pitAwlw, pMjwbI XUnIvristI, 2008. roznwmcw morcw gurU kw bwg. pitAwlw, pMjwbI XUnIvristI, 2008. roznwmcw morcw gurU kw bwg. pitAwlw, pMjwbI XUnIvristI, 2008. * sIql jIq isMGsIql jIq isMGsIql jIq isMGsIql jIq isMG AMimRqsr isPqI dw Gr. pitAwlw, pMjwbI XUnIvristI, 1978. AMimRqsr isPqI dw Gr. pitAwlw, pMjwbI XUnIvristI, 1978. AMimRqsr isPqI dw Gr. pitAwlw, pMjwbI XUnIvristI, 1978. AMimRqsr isPqI dw Gr. pitAwlw, pMjwbI XUnIvristI, 1978.

45

* sIql, jIq isMGsIql, jIq isMGsIql, jIq isMGsIql, jIq isMG gurU rwmdws; jIvn qy rcnw. pitAwlw, BwSw ivBwg, pMjwb, 1970. gurU rwmdws; jIvn qy rcnw. pitAwlw, BwSw ivBwg, pMjwb, 1970. gurU rwmdws; jIvn qy rcnw. pitAwlw, BwSw ivBwg, pMjwb, 1970. gurU rwmdws; jIvn qy rcnw. pitAwlw, BwSw ivBwg, pMjwb, 1970. * sIql, DnvMq isMGsIql, DnvMq isMGsIql, DnvMq isMGsIql, DnvMq isMG SRI AMimRqsr drSn ArQwq SRI AMimRqsr jI dy drSn ieSnwn. AMimRSRI AMimRqsr drSn ArQwq SRI AMimRqsr jI dy drSn ieSnwn. AMimRSRI AMimRqsr drSn ArQwq SRI AMimRqsr jI dy drSn ieSnwn. AMimRSRI AMimRqsr drSn ArQwq SRI AMimRqsr jI dy drSn ieSnwn. AMimRqsr, BweI qsr, BweI qsr, BweI qsr, BweI

au`qm isMG gurbcn isMG, m.n. au`qm isMG gurbcn isMG, m.n. au`qm isMG gurbcn isMG, m.n. au`qm isMG gurbcn isMG, m.n. # suKidAwl isMG# suKidAwl isMG# suKidAwl isMG# suKidAwl isMG Kwlsw pMQ dy pMj qKq; ieiqhwsk ivSlySx. pitAwlw, pMjwbI XUnivristI, Kwlsw pMQ dy pMj qKq; ieiqhwsk ivSlySx. pitAwlw, pMjwbI XUnivristI, Kwlsw pMQ dy pMj qKq; ieiqhwsk ivSlySx. pitAwlw, pMjwbI XUnivristI, Kwlsw pMQ dy pMj qKq; ieiqhwsk ivSlySx. pitAwlw, pMjwbI XUnivristI,

1998. 1998. 1998. 1998. # suKidAwl isMG# suKidAwl isMG# suKidAwl isMG# suKidAwl isMG iSromxI is`K ieiqhws (1469iSromxI is`K ieiqhws (1469iSromxI is`K ieiqhws (1469iSromxI is`K ieiqhws (1469----1708) ijld pihlI. smwxw, sMgm pblIkySnz, 1708) ijld pihlI. smwxw, sMgm pblIkySnz, 1708) ijld pihlI. smwxw, sMgm pblIkySnz, 1708) ijld pihlI. smwxw, sMgm pblIkySnz,

2010. 2010. 2010. 2010. # suKidAwl isMG# suKidAwl isMG# suKidAwl isMG# suKidAwl isMG iSromxI is`K ieiqhws (1708iSromxI is`K ieiqhws (1708iSromxI is`K ieiqhws (1708iSromxI is`K ieiqhws (1708----1799) ijld dUjI. smwxw, sMgm pblIkySnz, 1799) ijld dUjI. smwxw, sMgm pblIkySnz, 1799) ijld dUjI. smwxw, sMgm pblIkySnz, 1799) ijld dUjI. smwxw, sMgm pblIkySnz,

2010. 2010. 2010. 2010. * suqMqrqw sMgWRmsuqMqrqw sMgWRmsuqMqrqw sMgWRmsuqMqrqw sMgWRmIey ; ijlw AMimRqsr., lok sMprk ivBwg pMjwb. Iey ; ijlw AMimRqsr., lok sMprk ivBwg pMjwb. Iey ; ijlw AMimRqsr., lok sMprk ivBwg pMjwb. Iey ; ijlw AMimRqsr., lok sMprk ivBwg pMjwb. * suMdr isMGsuMdr isMGsuMdr isMGsuMdr isMG kI Kwlsw kwlj is`KW dw hY? ArQwq Kwlsw kwlj SRI AMimRqsr jI dw AslI Poto. kI Kwlsw kwlj is`KW dw hY? ArQwq Kwlsw kwlj SRI AMimRqsr jI dw AslI Poto. kI Kwlsw kwlj is`KW dw hY? ArQwq Kwlsw kwlj SRI AMimRqsr jI dw AslI Poto. kI Kwlsw kwlj is`KW dw hY? ArQwq Kwlsw kwlj SRI AMimRqsr jI dw AslI Poto.

AMimRqsr, sMudr isMG, 1909. AMimRqsr, sMudr isMG, 1909. AMimRqsr, sMudr isMG, 1909. AMimRqsr, sMudr isMG, 1909. # # # # syvw isMGsyvw isMGsyvw isMGsyvw isMG ShId iblws; BweI mnI isMG, sMpwdk grjw isMG igAwnI. luiDAwxw, pMjwbI ShId iblws; BweI mnI isMG, sMpwdk grjw isMG igAwnI. luiDAwxw, pMjwbI ShId iblws; BweI mnI isMG, sMpwdk grjw isMG igAwnI. luiDAwxw, pMjwbI ShId iblws; BweI mnI isMG, sMpwdk grjw isMG igAwnI. luiDAwxw, pMjwbI

swihq AkwfmI, 2007. swihq AkwfmI, 2007. swihq AkwfmI, 2007. swihq AkwfmI, 2007. # sYnwpiq# sYnwpiq# sYnwpiq# sYnwpiq SRI gurU isMG sBw. AMimRqsr, SRomxI gurduAwrw pRbMDk kmytI, 1967.SRI gurU isMG sBw. AMimRqsr, SRomxI gurduAwrw pRbMDk kmytI, 1967.SRI gurU isMG sBw. AMimRqsr, SRomxI gurduAwrw pRbMDk kmytI, 1967.SRI gurU isMG sBw. AMimRqsr, SRomxI gurduAwrw pRbMDk kmytI, 1967.

46

* soFI, ihMmq isMGsoFI, ihMmq isMGsoFI, ihMmq isMGsoFI, ihMmq isMG gurU rwmdws; jIvn qy rcnw. pitAwlw, pMjwbI XUnIvristI, 1986. (pMjwbI gurU rwmdws; jIvn qy rcnw. pitAwlw, pMjwbI XUnIvristI, 1986. (pMjwbI gurU rwmdws; jIvn qy rcnw. pitAwlw, pMjwbI XUnIvristI, 1986. (pMjwbI gurU rwmdws; jIvn qy rcnw. pitAwlw, pMjwbI XUnIvristI, 1986. (pMjwbI

lyKk lVI nM: 50)lyKk lVI nM: 50)lyKk lVI nM: 50)lyKk lVI nM: 50) ## soFI, qyjw isMG## soFI, qyjw isMG## soFI, qyjw isMG## soFI, qyjw isMG cwr qKq swihb.cwr qKq swihb.cwr qKq swihb.cwr qKq swihb. lwhOr, gurmiq tr`st soswietI, 1934. lwhOr, gurmiq tr`st soswietI, 1934. lwhOr, gurmiq tr`st soswietI, 1934. lwhOr, gurmiq tr`st soswietI, 1934. ## sMqoK isMG## sMqoK isMG## sMqoK isMG## sMqoK isMG SRI soFI cmqkwr. AMimRqsr, BweI jIvn isMG ikrpwl isMG, 1961. SRI soFI cmqkwr. AMimRqsr, BweI jIvn isMG ikrpwl isMG, 1961. SRI soFI cmqkwr. AMimRqsr, BweI jIvn isMG ikrpwl isMG, 1961. SRI soFI cmqkwr. AMimRqsr, BweI jIvn isMG ikrpwl isMG, 1961. # sMqoK isMG# sMqoK isMG# sMqoK isMG# sMqoK isMG SRI soFI cmqkwr ArSRI soFI cmqkwr ArSRI soFI cmqkwr ArSRI soFI cmqkwr ArQwq SRI gurU rwmdws jI qo SRI gurU qyg bhwdr jI q`k sMpUrn Qwq SRI gurU rwmdws jI qo SRI gurU qyg bhwdr jI q`k sMpUrn Qwq SRI gurU rwmdws jI qo SRI gurU qyg bhwdr jI q`k sMpUrn Qwq SRI gurU rwmdws jI qo SRI gurU qyg bhwdr jI q`k sMpUrn

kQw tIkwkwr soFI qyjw isMG. AMimRqsr, BweI cqr isMG jIvn isMG, 1978. kQw tIkwkwr soFI qyjw isMG. AMimRqsr, BweI cqr isMG jIvn isMG, 1978. kQw tIkwkwr soFI qyjw isMG. AMimRqsr, BweI cqr isMG jIvn isMG, 1978. kQw tIkwkwr soFI qyjw isMG. AMimRqsr, BweI cqr isMG jIvn isMG, 1978. ## hrdIp isMG## hrdIp isMG## hrdIp isMG## hrdIp isMG swkw nIlwH qwrw qoN bwAd qbwhI dI qvwrIK. rwmpur, 2006. swkw nIlwH qwrw qoN bwAd qbwhI dI qvwrIK. rwmpur, 2006. swkw nIlwH qwrw qoN bwAd qbwhI dI qvwrIK. rwmpur, 2006. swkw nIlwH qwrw qoN bwAd qbwhI dI qvwrIK. rwmpur, 2006. # hrbMs isMG# hrbMs isMG# hrbMs isMG# hrbMs isMG Kwilsqwn srbp`KI AiDAYn. id`lI, pMjwbI rweItrj koAwpyRitv soswietI, Kwilsqwn srbp`KI AiDAYn. id`lI, pMjwbI rweItrj koAwpyRitv soswietI, Kwilsqwn srbp`KI AiDAYn. id`lI, pMjwbI rweItrj koAwpyRitv soswietI, Kwilsqwn srbp`KI AiDAYn. id`lI, pMjwbI rweItrj koAwpyRitv soswietI,

2010. 2010. 2010. 2010. * hrmIq isMGhrmIq isMGhrmIq isMGhrmIq isMG isPqI dw Gr. id`lI, pMmI pRkwSn, 1978. isPqI dw Gr. id`lI, pMmI pRkwSn, 1978. isPqI dw Gr. id`lI, pMmI pRkwSn, 1978. isPqI dw Gr. id`lI, pMmI pRkwSn, 1978. # hrvMq kOr# hrvMq kOr# hrvMq kOr# hrvMq kOr gurU rwmdws; jIvn, icMqn Aqy bwxI. AMimRqsr, rUhI pRkwSn, 2005. gurU rwmdws; jIvn, icMqn Aqy bwxI. AMimRqsr, rUhI pRkwSn, 2005. gurU rwmdws; jIvn, icMqn Aqy bwxI. AMimRqsr, rUhI pRkwSn, 2005. gurU rwmdws; jIvn, icMqn Aqy bwxI. AMimRqsr, rUhI pRkwSn, 2005. # hirismrn isMG# hirismrn isMG# hirismrn isMG# hirismrn isMG qIsry bdl dw s`c; Akwl qKq swihb dI globl idRStI. cMfIgVH, lokgIq qIsry bdl dw s`c; Akwl qKq swihb dI globl idRStI. cMfIgVH, lokgIq qIsry bdl dw s`c; Akwl qKq swihb dI globl idRStI. cMfIgVH, lokgIq qIsry bdl dw s`c; Akwl qKq swihb dI globl idRStI. cMfIgVH, lokgIq

pRkwSn, pRkwSn, pRkwSn, pRkwSn, 2011. 2011. 2011. 2011. ## hoqI, pRym isMG## hoqI, pRym isMG## hoqI, pRym isMG## hoqI, pRym isMG AkwlI PUlw isMG (1914). luiDAwxw, lwhOr bu`k Swp, 1958. AkwlI PUlw isMG (1914). luiDAwxw, lwhOr bu`k Swp, 1958. AkwlI PUlw isMG (1914). luiDAwxw, lwhOr bu`k Swp, 1958. AkwlI PUlw isMG (1914). luiDAwxw, lwhOr bu`k Swp, 1958.

47

# knHèIAw lwl# knHèIAw lwl# knHèIAw lwl# knHèIAw lwl qwrIKqwrIKqwrIKqwrIK----ieieieie----pMjwb, Anuvwdk jIq isMG sIql. pitAwpMjwb, Anuvwdk jIq isMG sIql. pitAwpMjwb, Anuvwdk jIq isMG sIql. pitAwpMjwb, Anuvwdk jIq isMG sIql. pitAwlw, pMjwbI XUnIvristI, lw, pMjwbI XUnIvristI, lw, pMjwbI XUnIvristI, lw, pMjwbI XUnIvristI,

1987. 1987. 1987. 1987. ## kpUr, siqMdrpwl isMG## kpUr, siqMdrpwl isMG## kpUr, siqMdrpwl isMG## kpUr, siqMdrpwl isMG iBMfrWvwly. jlMDr, BwrqI pbilSrj, 1983. iBMfrWvwly. jlMDr, BwrqI pbilSrj, 1983. iBMfrWvwly. jlMDr, BwrqI pbilSrj, 1983. iBMfrWvwly. jlMDr, BwrqI pbilSrj, 1983. # kpUr, ipRQIpwl isMG# kpUr, ipRQIpwl isMG# kpUr, ipRQIpwl isMG# kpUr, ipRQIpwl isMG pMjwb dw ivrsw. jlMDr, inpMjwb dw ivrsw. jlMDr, inpMjwb dw ivrsw. jlMDr, inpMjwb dw ivrsw. jlMDr, inaU bu`k kMpnI, 1966. aU bu`k kMpnI, 1966. aU bu`k kMpnI, 1966. aU bu`k kMpnI, 1966. # krqwr isMG# krqwr isMG# krqwr isMG# krqwr isMG pUrn jIvn ibRqWq; SRI gurU rwmdws swihb jI. AMimRqsr, BweI cqr isMG jIvn pUrn jIvn ibRqWq; SRI gurU rwmdws swihb jI. AMimRqsr, BweI cqr isMG jIvn pUrn jIvn ibRqWq; SRI gurU rwmdws swihb jI. AMimRqsr, BweI cqr isMG jIvn pUrn jIvn ibRqWq; SRI gurU rwmdws swihb jI. AMimRqsr, BweI cqr isMG jIvn

isMG, m.n. isMG, m.n. isMG, m.n. isMG, m.n. ## krm isMG## krm isMG## krm isMG## krm isMG krm isMG ihstorkrm isMG ihstorkrm isMG ihstorkrm isMG ihstorIAn dI ieiqhwsk Koj. AMimRqsr, SRomxI gurduAwrw pRbMDk IAn dI ieiqhwsk Koj. AMimRqsr, SRomxI gurduAwrw pRbMDk IAn dI ieiqhwsk Koj. AMimRqsr, SRomxI gurduAwrw pRbMDk IAn dI ieiqhwsk Koj. AMimRqsr, SRomxI gurduAwrw pRbMDk

kmytI, m.n. kmytI, m.n. kmytI, m.n. kmytI, m.n. ## krm isMG## krm isMG## krm isMG## krm isMG pMjwb dw KUnI swkw (1947). AMimRqsr, BweI su~Kw isMG AYNf sMz, 1949. pMjwb dw KUnI swkw (1947). AMimRqsr, BweI su~Kw isMG AYNf sMz, 1949. pMjwb dw KUnI swkw (1947). AMimRqsr, BweI su~Kw isMG AYNf sMz, 1949. pMjwb dw KUnI swkw (1947). AMimRqsr, BweI su~Kw isMG AYNf sMz, 1949. ## kilAwx lwl## kilAwx lwl## kilAwx lwl## kilAwx lwl qwrIKqwrIKqwrIKqwrIK----eyeyeyey----pMjwb. pitAwlw, pMjwbI XUnivristI, 1968. pMjwb. pitAwlw, pMjwbI XUnivristI, 1968. pMjwb. pitAwlw, pMjwbI XUnivristI, 1968. pMjwb. pitAwlw, pMjwbI XUnivristI, 1968. * kwhlw isMGkwhlw isMGkwhlw isMGkwhlw isMG ShId iblws ; SRI AMimRqsr iv`c nwmDwrI isMG ShId. jIvn ngr, ibSn isMG ShId iblws ; SRI AMimRqsr iv`c nwmDwrI isMG ShId. jIvn ngr, ibSn isMG ShId iblws ; SRI AMimRqsr iv`c nwmDwrI isMG ShId. jIvn ngr, ibSn isMG ShId iblws ; SRI AMimRqsr iv`c nwmDwrI isMG ShId. jIvn ngr, ibSn isMG

ihstorIAn, 1969. ihstorIAn, 1969. ihstorIAn, 1969. ihstorIAn, 1969. #### kwnH isMG nwBwkwnH isMG nwBwkwnH isMG nwBwkwnH isMG nwBw gurSbd rqnwkr mhwn koS. pitAwlw, BwSw ivBwg pMjwb, 1999. gurSbd rqnwkr mhwn koS. pitAwlw, BwSw ivBwg pMjwb, 1999. gurSbd rqnwkr mhwn koS. pitAwlw, BwSw ivBwg pMjwb, 1999. gurSbd rqnwkr mhwn koS. pitAwlw, BwSw ivBwg pMjwb, 1999.

48

# ikrn, rivMdr# ikrn, rivMdr# ikrn, rivMdr# ikrn, rivMdr Kwlsw kOm dw pwsvwn AkwlI PUlw isMG. mwnsw, aufwn pblIkySnz, 2004. Kwlsw kOm dw pwsvwn AkwlI PUlw isMG. mwnsw, aufwn pblIkySnz, 2004. Kwlsw kOm dw pwsvwn AkwlI PUlw isMG. mwnsw, aufwn pblIkySnz, 2004. Kwlsw kOm dw pwsvwn AkwlI PUlw isMG. mwnsw, aufwn pblIkySnz, 2004. * ikRpwl isMG, sMpw.ikRpwl isMG, sMpw.ikRpwl isMG, sMpw.ikRpwl isMG, sMpw. SRI AMimRqsr mihmw koS. AMimRqsr, BweI cqr isMG jIvn isMG, 2001. SRI AMimRqsr mihmw koS. AMimRqsr, BweI cqr isMG jIvn isMG, 2001. SRI AMimRqsr mihmw koS. AMimRqsr, BweI cqr isMG jIvn isMG, 2001. SRI AMimRqsr mihmw koS. AMimRqsr, BweI cqr isMG jIvn isMG, 2001. * ikrpwl isMGikrpwl isMGikrpwl isMGikrpwl isMG SRI hirmMdr swihb dw suinhrI ieiqhws. AMimRqsr, SSRI hirmMdr swihb dw suinhrI ieiqhws. AMimRqsr, SSRI hirmMdr swihb dw suinhrI ieiqhws. AMimRqsr, SSRI hirmMdr swihb dw suinhrI ieiqhws. AMimRqsr, SRomxI gurduAwrw pRbMDk RomxI gurduAwrw pRbMDk RomxI gurduAwrw pRbMDk RomxI gurduAwrw pRbMDk

kmytI, 2008. kmytI, 2008. kmytI, 2008. kmytI, 2008. # ikrpwl isMG# ikrpwl isMG# ikrpwl isMG# ikrpwl isMG SRI gurU pMQ pRkwS dI pRsqwvnw. AMimRqsr, mnmohn isMG brwV, 1977. SRI gurU pMQ pRkwS dI pRsqwvnw. AMimRqsr, mnmohn isMG brwV, 1977. SRI gurU pMQ pRkwS dI pRsqwvnw. AMimRqsr, mnmohn isMG brwV, 1977. SRI gurU pMQ pRkwS dI pRsqwvnw. AMimRqsr, mnmohn isMG brwV, 1977. * kohlI, suirMdr isMGkohlI, suirMdr isMGkohlI, suirMdr isMGkohlI, suirMdr isMG AMimAMimAMimAMimRqsr; AnUp rwmdwspur. AMimRqsr, rGbIr rcnw, 1978. Rqsr; AnUp rwmdwspur. AMimRqsr, rGbIr rcnw, 1978. Rqsr; AnUp rwmdwspur. AMimRqsr, rGbIr rcnw, 1978. Rqsr; AnUp rwmdwspur. AMimRqsr, rGbIr rcnw, 1978. # kMvl, jsvMq isMG# kMvl, jsvMq isMG# kMvl, jsvMq isMG# kMvl, jsvMq isMG pMjwbIE! jIxw hY ik mrnw. dUjw soiDA sMskrx cMfIgVH, lokgIq pRkwSn, pMjwbIE! jIxw hY ik mrnw. dUjw soiDA sMskrx cMfIgVH, lokgIq pRkwSn, pMjwbIE! jIxw hY ik mrnw. dUjw soiDA sMskrx cMfIgVH, lokgIq pRkwSn, pMjwbIE! jIxw hY ik mrnw. dUjw soiDA sMskrx cMfIgVH, lokgIq pRkwSn,

2008. 2008. 2008. 2008. * Kwlsw, sqnwm iKwlsw, sqnwm iKwlsw, sqnwm iKwlsw, sqnwm isMGsMGsMGsMG SIR AMimRqsr jI dy drSn ieSnwn Aqy 500 swlW dI ieiqhwsk fwierYktrI. SIR AMimRqsr jI dy drSn ieSnwn Aqy 500 swlW dI ieiqhwsk fwierYktrI. SIR AMimRqsr jI dy drSn ieSnwn Aqy 500 swlW dI ieiqhwsk fwierYktrI. SIR AMimRqsr jI dy drSn ieSnwn Aqy 500 swlW dI ieiqhwsk fwierYktrI.

AMimRqsr, lyKk, m.n. AMimRqsr, lyKk, m.n. AMimRqsr, lyKk, m.n. AMimRqsr, lyKk, m.n. ## grjw isMG igAwnI, sMpw.## grjw isMG igAwnI, sMpw.## grjw isMG igAwnI, sMpw.## grjw isMG igAwnI, sMpw. ShId iblws syvw isMG, Anuvwdk C`jU isMG. luiDAwxw, pShId iblws syvw isMG, Anuvwdk C`jU isMG. luiDAwxw, pShId iblws syvw isMG, Anuvwdk C`jU isMG. luiDAwxw, pShId iblws syvw isMG, Anuvwdk C`jU isMG. luiDAwxw, pMjwbI swihqk MjwbI swihqk MjwbI swihqk MjwbI swihqk

AkwdmI, 1931. AkwdmI, 1931. AkwdmI, 1931. AkwdmI, 1931. # gryvwl, jy.AYs.# gryvwl, jy.AYs.# gryvwl, jy.AYs.# gryvwl, jy.AYs. mu~FlI au`nIvI sdI dw ieiqhws, duAwrw jy.AYs. gryvwl Aqy ieMdU bMgw, Anuvwdk mu~FlI au`nIvI sdI dw ieiqhws, duAwrw jy.AYs. gryvwl Aqy ieMdU bMgw, Anuvwdk mu~FlI au`nIvI sdI dw ieiqhws, duAwrw jy.AYs. gryvwl Aqy ieMdU bMgw, Anuvwdk mu~FlI au`nIvI sdI dw ieiqhws, duAwrw jy.AYs. gryvwl Aqy ieMdU bMgw, Anuvwdk

AmrvMq isMG Aqy mohnjIq isMG. AMimRqsr, gurU nwnk dyv XUnIvristI, AmrvMq isMG Aqy mohnjIq isMG. AMimRqsr, gurU nwnk dyv XUnIvristI, AmrvMq isMG Aqy mohnjIq isMG. AMimRqsr, gurU nwnk dyv XUnIvristI, AmrvMq isMG Aqy mohnjIq isMG. AMimRqsr, gurU nwnk dyv XUnIvristI, 1974. 1974. 1974. 1974.

49

* igAwn isMG 'AwrP'igAwn isMG 'AwrP'igAwn isMG 'AwrP'igAwn isMG 'AwrP' SRI gurU AMimRqsr AMmRq pRkwS. isAwlkot, lyKk, 1941. SRI gurU AMimRqsr AMmRq pRkwS. isAwlkot, lyKk, 1941. SRI gurU AMimRqsr AMmRq pRkwS. isAwlkot, lyKk, 1941. SRI gurU AMimRqsr AMmRq pRkwS. isAwlkot, lyKk, 1941. * igAwn isMGigAwn isMGigAwn isMGigAwn isMG sRI AMimRqsr AMimRq pRkws. AMimRqsr, SRI cMd pRYs, m.nsRI AMimRqsr AMimRq pRkws. AMimRqsr, SRI cMd pRYs, m.nsRI AMimRqsr AMimRq pRkws. AMimRqsr, SRI cMd pRYs, m.nsRI AMimRqsr AMimRq pRkws. AMimRqsr, SRI cMd pRYs, m.n. . . . # igAwn isMG, sMpw.# igAwn isMG, sMpw.# igAwn isMG, sMpw.# igAwn isMG, sMpw. SRI gurU pMQ pRkwS, sMpwdk igAwn isMG Aqy ikrpwl isMG. AMimRqsr, mnmohn SRI gurU pMQ pRkwS, sMpwdk igAwn isMG Aqy ikrpwl isMG. AMimRqsr, mnmohn SRI gurU pMQ pRkwS, sMpwdk igAwn isMG Aqy ikrpwl isMG. AMimRqsr, mnmohn SRI gurU pMQ pRkwS, sMpwdk igAwn isMG Aqy ikrpwl isMG. AMimRqsr, mnmohn

isMG brwV, 1974. isMG brwV, 1974. isMG brwV, 1974. isMG brwV, 1974. ## igAwn isMG## igAwn isMG## igAwn isMG## igAwn isMG qvwrIK AMimRqsr. pqvwrIK AMimRqsr. pqvwrIK AMimRqsr. pqvwrIK AMimRqsr. pitAwlw, drbwr, 1922. itAwlw, drbwr, 1922. itAwlw, drbwr, 1922. itAwlw, drbwr, 1922. # igAwn isMG# igAwn isMG# igAwn isMG# igAwn isMG qvwrIK gurU Kwlsw. AMimRqsr, bUtw isMG pRqwp isMG, m.n. qvwrIK gurU Kwlsw. AMimRqsr, bUtw isMG pRqwp isMG, m.n. qvwrIK gurU Kwlsw. AMimRqsr, bUtw isMG pRqwp isMG, m.n. qvwrIK gurU Kwlsw. AMimRqsr, bUtw isMG pRqwp isMG, m.n. * igAwn isMGigAwn isMGigAwn isMGigAwn isMG qvwrIK SRI AMimRqsr. AMimRqsr, kyNdrIqvwrIK SRI AMimRqsr. AMimRqsr, kyNdrIqvwrIK SRI AMimRqsr. AMimRqsr, kyNdrIqvwrIK SRI AMimRqsr. AMimRqsr, kyNdrI isMG sBw kmytI, m.n. isMG sBw kmytI, m.n. isMG sBw kmytI, m.n. isMG sBw kmytI, m.n. * gupqw, AYm.jI., sMpw.gupqw, AYm.jI., sMpw.gupqw, AYm.jI., sMpw.gupqw, AYm.jI., sMpw. SRI gurU rwmdws jI; ivAkqIqv PlsPw Aqy bwxI. cMfIgVH, lokgIq pRkwSn, SRI gurU rwmdws jI; ivAkqIqv PlsPw Aqy bwxI. cMfIgVH, lokgIq pRkwSn, SRI gurU rwmdws jI; ivAkqIqv PlsPw Aqy bwxI. cMfIgVH, lokgIq pRkwSn, SRI gurU rwmdws jI; ivAkqIqv PlsPw Aqy bwxI. cMfIgVH, lokgIq pRkwSn,

2001. 2001. 2001. 2001. # gurcrn isMG# gurcrn isMG# gurcrn isMG# gurcrn isMG ShId aShId aShId aShId au~Dm isMG. pitAwlw, pMjwbI XUnIvristI, 1995. u~Dm isMG. pitAwlw, pMjwbI XUnIvristI, 1995. u~Dm isMG. pitAwlw, pMjwbI XUnIvristI, 1995. u~Dm isMG. pitAwlw, pMjwbI XUnIvristI, 1995. # gMfw isMG, sMpw.# gMfw isMG, sMpw.# gMfw isMG, sMpw.# gMfw isMG, sMpw. fwktr BweI joD isMG; AiBnMdn gRMQ. pitAwlw, Kwlsw kwlj, 1962. fwktr BweI joD isMG; AiBnMdn gRMQ. pitAwlw, Kwlsw kwlj, 1962. fwktr BweI joD isMG; AiBnMdn gRMQ. pitAwlw, Kwlsw kwlj, 1962. fwktr BweI joD isMG; AiBnMdn gRMQ. pitAwlw, Kwlsw kwlj, 1962. # gXwn isMG# gXwn isMG# gXwn isMG# gXwn isMG SSSSRI gurU pMQ pRkwS. pitAwlw, BwSw ivBwg, 1970. RI gurU pMQ pRkwS. pitAwlw, BwSw ivBwg, 1970. RI gurU pMQ pRkwS. pitAwlw, BwSw ivBwg, 1970. RI gurU pMQ pRkwS. pitAwlw, BwSw ivBwg, 1970.

50

** cqr isMG** cqr isMG** cqr isMG** cqr isMG SRI AMimRqsr jI dy gurDwm dIdwr. AMimRqsr, purSwrQI, 1952. SRI AMimRqsr jI dy gurDwm dIdwr. AMimRqsr, purSwrQI, 1952. SRI AMimRqsr jI dy gurDwm dIdwr. AMimRqsr, purSwrQI, 1952. SRI AMimRqsr jI dy gurDwm dIdwr. AMimRqsr, purSwrQI, 1952. * cwqr, hrsw isMGcwqr, hrsw isMGcwqr, hrsw isMGcwqr, hrsw isMG vwr; vwr; vwr; vwr; SRI kwr syvw AMimRq srovr hirmMdr swihb AMimRqsr. AMimRqsr, pMjwbI SRI kwr syvw AMimRq srovr hirmMdr swihb AMimRqsr. AMimRqsr, pMjwbI SRI kwr syvw AMimRq srovr hirmMdr swihb AMimRqsr. AMimRqsr, pMjwbI SRI kwr syvw AMimRq srovr hirmMdr swihb AMimRqsr. AMimRqsr, pMjwbI

swihq, 1973. swihq, 1973. swihq, 1973. swihq, 1973. ## iC`br, kysr isMG## iC`br, kysr isMG## iC`br, kysr isMG## iC`br, kysr isMG bMswvlInwmw dsW pwqSwhIAW kw, sMpwdk rqn isMG j`gI. cMfIgVH, pMjwb bMswvlInwmw dsW pwqSwhIAW kw, sMpwdk rqn isMG j`gI. cMfIgVH, pMjwb bMswvlInwmw dsW pwqSwhIAW kw, sMpwdk rqn isMG j`gI. cMfIgVH, pMjwb bMswvlInwmw dsW pwqSwhIAW kw, sMpwdk rqn isMG j`gI. cMfIgVH, pMjwb

XUnIvristI, 1972. XUnIvristI, 1972. XUnIvristI, 1972. XUnIvristI, 1972. # iC`br, kysr isMG# iC`br, kysr isMG# iC`br, kysr isMG# iC`br, kysr isMG bMswvlInwmw dsW pwqSwhIAw kw, sMpwdk ipAwrw isMG pdm. AMimRqsr, isMG bMswvlInwmw dsW pwqSwhIAw kw, sMpwdk ipAwrw isMG pdm. AMimRqsr, isMG bMswvlInwmw dsW pwqSwhIAw kw, sMpwdk ipAwrw isMG pdm. AMimRqsr, isMG bMswvlInwmw dsW pwqSwhIAw kw, sMpwdk ipAwrw isMG pdm. AMimRqsr, isMG

bRdrz, 1997. bRdrz, 1997. bRdrz, 1997. bRdrz, 1997. # iC`br, kysr isMG# iC`br, kysr isMG# iC`br, kysr isMG# iC`br, kysr isMG bMswvlI nwmw dsW pwqSwhIAw kw, bMswvlI nwmw dsW pwqSwhIAw kw, bMswvlI nwmw dsW pwqSwhIAw kw, bMswvlI nwmw dsW pwqSwhIAw kw, sMpwdk jsbIr isMG rwey. AMimRqsr, gurU sMpwdk jsbIr isMG rwey. AMimRqsr, gurU sMpwdk jsbIr isMG rwey. AMimRqsr, gurU sMpwdk jsbIr isMG rwey. AMimRqsr, gurU

nwnk dyv XUnIvristI, 2001. nwnk dyv XUnIvristI, 2001. nwnk dyv XUnIvristI, 2001. nwnk dyv XUnIvristI, 2001. # jgjIq isMG# jgjIq isMG# jgjIq isMG# jgjIq isMG isMG sBw lihr 1873isMG sBw lihr 1873isMG sBw lihr 1873isMG sBw lihr 1873----1902. luiDAwxw, lwhOr bu`k Swp, 1974. 1902. luiDAwxw, lwhOr bu`k Swp, 1974. 1902. luiDAwxw, lwhOr bu`k Swp, 1974. 1902. luiDAwxw, lwhOr bu`k Swp, 1974. # jgjIq isMG# jgjIq isMG# jgjIq isMG# jgjIq isMG isMG sBw lihr 1873isMG sBw lihr 1873isMG sBw lihr 1873isMG sBw lihr 1873----1902. AMimRqsr, jmYq isMG, m.n. 1902. AMimRqsr, jmYq isMG, m.n. 1902. AMimRqsr, jmYq isMG, m.n. 1902. AMimRqsr, jmYq isMG, m.n. # jgdIS isMG# jgdIS isMG# jgdIS isMG# jgdIS isMG ividAk Aqy smwijk Kyqr iv`c kuJ AlOikk lwswnI qjrby. nvI id`lI, nvXu`g ividAk Aqy smwijk Kyqr iv`c kuJ AlOikk lwswnI qjrby. nvI id`lI, nvXu`g ividAk Aqy smwijk Kyqr iv`c kuJ AlOikk lwswnI qjrby. nvI id`lI, nvXu`g ividAk Aqy smwijk Kyqr iv`c kuJ AlOikk lwswnI qjrby. nvI id`lI, nvXu`g

pbilSrz, 1995. pbilSrz, 1995. pbilSrz, 1995. pbilSrz, 1995. ## jgn ## jgn ## jgn ## jgn nwQnwQnwQnwQ Amr ShId srdwr aU`Dm isMG. AMimRqsr, SRomxI gurduAwrw pRbMDk kmytI, Amr ShId srdwr aU`Dm isMG. AMimRqsr, SRomxI gurduAwrw pRbMDk kmytI, Amr ShId srdwr aU`Dm isMG. AMimRqsr, SRomxI gurduAwrw pRbMDk kmytI, Amr ShId srdwr aU`Dm isMG. AMimRqsr, SRomxI gurduAwrw pRbMDk kmytI,

1963. 1963. 1963. 1963.

51

## joigMdr isMG## joigMdr isMG## joigMdr isMG## joigMdr isMG is`K Drm qy is`K pMQ. inaU id`lI, pRIq pRkwSn, 1971. is`K Drm qy is`K pMQ. inaU id`lI, pRIq pRkwSn, 1971. is`K Drm qy is`K pMQ. inaU id`lI, pRIq pRkwSn, 1971. is`K Drm qy is`K pMQ. inaU id`lI, pRIq pRkwSn, 1971. # # # # joigMdr isMGjoigMdr isMGjoigMdr isMGjoigMdr isMG nhI quDu jyihAw. nvI id`lI, pRIq pRkwSn, 1977. nhI quDu jyihAw. nvI id`lI, pRIq pRkwSn, 1977. nhI quDu jyihAw. nvI id`lI, pRIq pRkwSn, 1977. nhI quDu jyihAw. nvI id`lI, pRIq pRkwSn, 1977. # joS, sohx isMG# joS, sohx isMG# joS, sohx isMG# joS, sohx isMG AkwlI moricAw dw ieiqhws. id`lI, AwrsI pblISrz, 2000. AkwlI moricAw dw ieiqhws. id`lI, AwrsI pblISrz, 2000. AkwlI moricAw dw ieiqhws. id`lI, AwrsI pblISrz, 2000. AkwlI moricAw dw ieiqhws. id`lI, AwrsI pblISrz, 2000. * jMg isMGjMg isMGjMg isMGjMg isMG AMimRqsr isPqI dw Gru. AMimRqsr, is`K ieiqhws rIsrc borf, 1977. AMimRqsr isPqI dw Gru. AMimRqsr, is`K ieiqhws rIsrc borf, 1977. AMimRqsr isPqI dw Gru. AMimRqsr, is`K ieiqhws rIsrc borf, 1977. AMimRqsr isPqI dw Gru. AMimRqsr, is`K ieiqhws rIsrc borf, 1977. * jMg isMGjMg isMGjMg isMGjMg isMG SRI Akwl qKq swihb dy mhwn jQydwr mohn isMG jI; jIvn qy pMQk syvw. SRI Akwl qKq swihb dy mhwn jQydwr mohn isMG jI; jIvn qy pMQk syvw. SRI Akwl qKq swihb dy mhwn jQydwr mohn isMG jI; jIvn qy pMQk syvw. SRI Akwl qKq swihb dy mhwn jQydwr mohn isMG jI; jIvn qy pMQk syvw.

luiDAwxw, pMjwbI rweItrj koAwpRyitv soswietI illuiDAwxw, pMjwbI rweItrj koAwpRyitv soswietI illuiDAwxw, pMjwbI rweItrj koAwpRyitv soswietI illuiDAwxw, pMjwbI rweItrj koAwpRyitv soswietI ilimtyf, 2004. imtyf, 2004. imtyf, 2004. imtyf, 2004. # J`br, krqwr isMG# J`br, krqwr isMG# J`br, krqwr isMG# J`br, krqwr isMG AkwlI morcy qy J`br, sMpwdk nrYx isMG. id`lI, nYSnl, 1967. AkwlI morcy qy J`br, sMpwdk nrYx isMG. id`lI, nYSnl, 1967. AkwlI morcy qy J`br, sMpwdk nrYx isMG. id`lI, nYSnl, 1967. AkwlI morcy qy J`br, sMpwdk nrYx isMG. id`lI, nYSnl, 1967. # tWfw, ipAwrw isMG# tWfw, ipAwrw isMG# tWfw, ipAwrw isMG# tWfw, ipAwrw isMG AxgOyly jWbwz is`K XoDy. btwlAxgOyly jWbwz is`K XoDy. btwlAxgOyly jWbwz is`K XoDy. btwlAxgOyly jWbwz is`K XoDy. btwlw, lok ih`q pRkwSn mMc, 2002. w, lok ih`q pRkwSn mMc, 2002. w, lok ih`q pRkwSn mMc, 2002. w, lok ih`q pRkwSn mMc, 2002. * t`lI, mwrk, sMpw.t`lI, mwrk, sMpw.t`lI, mwrk, sMpw.t`lI, mwrk, sMpw. AMimRqsr; SRI mqI gWDI dI AMqlI lVweI, sMpwdk mwrk t`lI Aqy sqIS jYkb, AMimRqsr; SRI mqI gWDI dI AMqlI lVweI, sMpwdk mwrk t`lI Aqy sqIS jYkb, AMimRqsr; SRI mqI gWDI dI AMqlI lVweI, sMpwdk mwrk t`lI Aqy sqIS jYkb, AMimRqsr; SRI mqI gWDI dI AMqlI lVweI, sMpwdk mwrk t`lI Aqy sqIS jYkb,

Anuvwdk hrIS jYn. cOQw sMskrx srihMd, lokgIq pRkwSn, 1986. Anuvwdk hrIS jYn. cOQw sMskrx srihMd, lokgIq pRkwSn, 1986. Anuvwdk hrIS jYn. cOQw sMskrx srihMd, lokgIq pRkwSn, 1986. Anuvwdk hrIS jYn. cOQw sMskrx srihMd, lokgIq pRkwSn, 1986. # iF`loN, hrijMdr isMG# iF`loN, hrijMdr isMG# iF`loN, hrijMdr isMG# iF`loN, hrijMdr isMG gurU rwm dws; jIvn qy rcnw (rwgu Awsw CMq rcnw dw ivSyS sMdrB). AMimRqsr, gurU rwm dws; jIvn qy rcnw (rwgu Awsw CMq rcnw dw ivSyS sMdrB). AMimRqsr, gurU rwm dws; jIvn qy rcnw (rwgu Awsw CMq rcnw dw ivSyS sMdrB). AMimRqsr, gurU rwm dws; jIvn qy rcnw (rwgu Awsw CMq rcnw dw ivSyS sMdrB). AMimRqsr,

srvpRIq isMG, 1993. srvpRIq isMG, 1993. srvpRIq isMG, 1993. srvpRIq isMG, 1993. # iF`loN, hrijMdr isMG# iF`loN, hrijMdr isMG# iF`loN, hrijMdr isMG# iF`loN, hrijMdr isMG gurU rwmdws; gurU rwmdws; gurU rwmdws; gurU rwmdws; jIvn, icMqn qy bwxI. AMimRqsr, vwirs Swh PwauNfySn, 1998. jIvn, icMqn qy bwxI. AMimRqsr, vwirs Swh PwauNfySn, 1998. jIvn, icMqn qy bwxI. AMimRqsr, vwirs Swh PwauNfySn, 1998. jIvn, icMqn qy bwxI. AMimRqsr, vwirs Swh PwauNfySn, 1998.

52

# iF`loN, byicMq isMG# iF`loN, byicMq isMG# iF`loN, byicMq isMG# iF`loN, byicMq isMG pMjwb dy au`Gy ShId. jlMDr, inaU bu`k kMpnI, 1991. pMjwb dy au`Gy ShId. jlMDr, inaU bu`k kMpnI, 1991. pMjwb dy au`Gy ShId. jlMDr, inaU bu`k kMpnI, 1991. pMjwb dy au`Gy ShId. jlMDr, inaU bu`k kMpnI, 1991. * iF`lNo, mihMdr isMGiF`lNo, mihMdr isMGiF`lNo, mihMdr isMGiF`lNo, mihMdr isMG bilaU stwr G`lUGwrw. pitAwlw, mdwn pbilSrz, 1991. bilaU stwr G`lUGwrw. pitAwlw, mdwn pbilSrz, 1991. bilaU stwr G`lUGwrw. pitAwlw, mdwn pbilSrz, 1991. bilaU stwr G`lUGwrw. pitAwlw, mdwn pbilSrz, 1991. # qwqlw, drSn isMG, sMpw.# qwqlw, drSn isMG, sMpw.# qwqlw, drSn isMG, sMpw.# qwqlw, drSn isMG, sMpw. sMqwlI dy aujwVy dI dwsqwn; SrnwrQIAw dIAW vMf sMbMDI XwdW, sMpwdk drSn sMqwlI dy aujwVy dI dwsqwn; SrnwrQIAw dIAW vMf sMbMDI XwdW, sMpwdk drSn sMqwlI dy aujwVy dI dwsqwn; SrnwrQIAw dIAW vMf sMbMDI XwdW, sMpwdk drSn sMqwlI dy aujwVy dI dwsqwn; SrnwrQIAw dIAW vMf sMbMDI XwdW, sMpwdk drSn

isMG qwqlw Aqy eIAn twlbt. cMfIgisMG qwqlw Aqy eIAn twlbt. cMfIgisMG qwqlw Aqy eIAn twlbt. cMfIgisMG qwqlw Aqy eIAn twlbt. cMfIgVH, lokgIq pRkwSn, 2007. VH, lokgIq pRkwSn, 2007. VH, lokgIq pRkwSn, 2007. VH, lokgIq pRkwSn, 2007. # iqRlok isMG# iqRlok isMG# iqRlok isMG# iqRlok isMG jIvn SRI gurU rwmdws jI. AMimRqsr, jvwhr isMG ikRpwl isMG, m.n. jIvn SRI gurU rwmdws jI. AMimRqsr, jvwhr isMG ikRpwl isMG, m.n. jIvn SRI gurU rwmdws jI. AMimRqsr, jvwhr isMG ikRpwl isMG, m.n. jIvn SRI gurU rwmdws jI. AMimRqsr, jvwhr isMG ikRpwl isMG, m.n. * Qwpr, jgjIq isMGQwpr, jgjIq isMGQwpr, jgjIq isMGQwpr, jgjIq isMG AMiMmRqsr isPqI dw AMiMmRqsr isPqI dw AMiMmRqsr isPqI dw AMiMmRqsr isPqI dw Gr. AMbwlw kYNt, inaU lweIP, 1977. Gr. AMbwlw kYNt, inaU lweIP, 1977. Gr. AMbwlw kYNt, inaU lweIP, 1977. Gr. AMbwlw kYNt, inaU lweIP, 1977. * drSndrSndrSndrSn vwr AMimRqsr kI, sMpwdk gMfw isMG. AMimRqsr, is`K ihstrI soswietI, 1951. vwr AMimRqsr kI, sMpwdk gMfw isMG. AMimRqsr, is`K ihstrI soswietI, 1951. vwr AMimRqsr kI, sMpwdk gMfw isMG. AMimRqsr, is`K ihstrI soswietI, 1951. vwr AMimRqsr kI, sMpwdk gMfw isMG. AMimRqsr, is`K ihstrI soswietI, 1951. # dlyr, ey.AYs.# dlyr, ey.AYs.# dlyr, ey.AYs.# dlyr, ey.AYs. KUn ShIdKUn ShIdKUn ShIdKUn ShIdW dw. AMimRqsr, lyKk, 2009. W dw. AMimRqsr, lyKk, 2009. W dw. AMimRqsr, lyKk, 2009. W dw. AMimRqsr, lyKk, 2009. * dlyr, ey.AYs.dlyr, ey.AYs.dlyr, ey.AYs.dlyr, ey.AYs. gurU dw c`k; AMimRqsr dI DrqI. AMimRqsr, lyKk, 1977. gurU dw c`k; AMimRqsr dI DrqI. AMimRqsr, lyKk, 1977. gurU dw c`k; AMimRqsr dI DrqI. AMimRqsr, lyKk, 1977. gurU dw c`k; AMimRqsr dI DrqI. AMimRqsr, lyKk, 1977. ** idaul, jI.AYs.** idaul, jI.AYs.** idaul, jI.AYs.** idaul, jI.AYs. jilHAWvwlw bwg. pitAwlwjilHAWvwlw bwg. pitAwlwjilHAWvwlw bwg. pitAwlwjilHAWvwlw bwg. pitAwlw, BwSw ivBwg,pMjwb, 1979. , BwSw ivBwg,pMjwb, 1979. , BwSw ivBwg,pMjwb, 1979. , BwSw ivBwg,pMjwb, 1979. * idlgIr, hrijMdr isMGidlgIr, hrijMdr isMGidlgIr, hrijMdr isMGidlgIr, hrijMdr isMG Akwl qKq swihb; PlsPw Aqy qvwrIK. bYljIAm, is`K XUnIvristI sYNtr, Akwl qKq swihb; PlsPw Aqy qvwrIK. bYljIAm, is`K XUnIvristI sYNtr, Akwl qKq swihb; PlsPw Aqy qvwrIK. bYljIAm, is`K XUnIvristI sYNtr, Akwl qKq swihb; PlsPw Aqy qvwrIK. bYljIAm, is`K XUnIvristI sYNtr,

2000. 2000. 2000. 2000.

53

* idlgIr, hrijMdr isMGidlgIr, hrijMdr isMGidlgIr, hrijMdr isMGidlgIr, hrijMdr isMG is`K qvwrIK 'c Akwl qKq swihb dw rol. bYljIAm, is`K XUnIvristI pRYs, is`K qvwrIK 'c Akwl qKq swihb dw rol. bYljIAm, is`K XUnIvristI pRYs, is`K qvwrIK 'c Akwl qKq swihb dw rol. bYljIAm, is`K XUnIvristI pRYs, is`K qvwrIK 'c Akwl qKq swihb dw rol. bYljIAm, is`K XUnIvristI pRYs,

2008. 2008. 2008. 2008. # idlgIr, hrijMdr isMG# idlgIr, hrijMdr isMG# idlgIr, hrijMdr isMG# idlgIr, hrijMdr isMG SRomxI AkwlI dl (1920SRomxI AkwlI dl (1920SRomxI AkwlI dl (1920SRomxI AkwlI dl (1920----2000). dUjw sMskrx bYljIAm, is`K XUnIvristI 2000). dUjw sMskrx bYljIAm, is`K XUnIvristI 2000). dUjw sMskrx bYljIAm, is`K XUnIvristI 2000). dUjw sMskrx bYljIAm, is`K XUnIvristI

sYNtr, 2000. sYNtr, 2000. sYNtr, 2000. sYNtr, 2000. * dIn idAwl isMGdIn idAwl isMGdIn idAwl isMGdIn idAwl isMG fwiemMf jublI bu`k; AYjUkySnl kmytI ,cIP Kwlsw dIvwn AMimRqsr Aqy srb ihMd fwiemMf jublI bu`k; AYjUkySnl kmytI ,cIP Kwlsw dIvwn AMimRqsr Aqy srb ihMd fwiemMf jublI bu`k; AYjUkySnl kmytI ,cIP Kwlsw dIvwn AMimRqsr Aqy srb ihMd fwiemMf jublI bu`k; AYjUkySnl kmytI ,cIP Kwlsw dIvwn AMimRqsr Aqy srb ihMd

is`K AYjUkySnl kwnPrMs 75 swlW dw sMKyp vrnx qy jwxkwrI 1908is`K AYjUkySnl kwnPrMs 75 swlW dw sMKyp vrnx qy jwxkwrI 1908is`K AYjUkySnl kwnPrMs 75 swlW dw sMKyp vrnx qy jwxkwrI 1908is`K AYjUkySnl kwnPrMs 75 swlW dw sMKyp vrnx qy jwxkwrI 1908----1983. 1983. 1983. 1983. AMimRqsr, cIP Kwlsw dIvwn, m.n. AMimRqsr, cIP Kwlsw dIvwn, m.n. AMimRqsr, cIP Kwlsw dIvwn, m.n. AMimRqsr, cIP Kwlsw dIvwn, m.n.

** d`q, vI.AYs.** d`q, vI.AYs.** d`q, vI.AYs.** d`q, vI.AYs. jilHAWvwlw bwg. pitAwlw, pMjwbI XUnIvristI, 1972. jilHAWvwlw bwg. pitAwlw, pMjwbI XUnIvristI, 1972. jilHAWvwlw bwg. pitAwlw, pMjwbI XUnIvristI, 1972. jilHAWvwlw bwg. pitAwlw, pMjwbI XUnIvristI, 1972. * DwlIvwl, kyvl, sMpw.DwlIvwl, kyvl, sMpw.DwlIvwl, kyvl, sMpw.DwlIvwl, kyvl, sMpw. AMimRqsr dw rMgmMc. AMimRqsr, mMc rMgmMc, m.n. AMimRqsr dw rMgmMc. AMimRqsr, mMc rMgmMc, m.n. AMimRqsr dw rMgmMc. AMimRqsr, mMc rMgmMc, m.n. AMimRqsr dw rMgmMc. AMimRqsr, mMc rMgmMc, m.n. # nrwiex isMG, sMpw.# nrwiex isMG, sMpw.# nrwiex isMG, sMpw.# nrwiex isMG, sMpw. isMG grj. AMimRqsr, gurmiq pusqk BMfwr, 2003. isMG grj. AMimRqsr, gurmiq pusqk BMfwr, 2003. isMG grj. AMimRqsr, gurmiq pusqk BMfwr, 2003. isMG grj. AMimRqsr, gurmiq pusqk BMfwr, 2003. ## nirMdrpwl isMG## nirMdrpwl isMG## nirMdrpwl isMG## nirMdrpwl isMG pMjwb dw ieiqhws. pitAwlw, pMjwbI XUnIvristI, 1969. pMjwb dw ieiqhws. pitAwlw, pMjwbI XUnIvristI, 1969. pMjwb dw ieiqhws. pitAwlw, pMjwbI XUnIvristI, 1969. pMjwb dw ieiqhws. pitAwlw, pMjwbI XUnIvristI, 1969. * nwrw, eISr isMGnwrw, eISr isMGnwrw, eISr isMGnwrw, eISr isMG gurU nwnk pRkwS ArQwq ieiqhws gurU rwmdws jI swihb qy sRI AMimRqsr sQwpnw gurU nwnk pRkwS ArQwq ieiqhws gurU rwmdws jI swihb qy sRI AMimRqsr sQwpnw gurU nwnk pRkwS ArQwq ieiqhws gurU rwmdws jI swihb qy sRI AMimRqsr sQwpnw gurU nwnk pRkwS ArQwq ieiqhws gurU rwmdws jI swihb qy sRI AMimRqsr sQwpnw

smwcwr. nvIN id`lI, lyKk, 1977. smwcwr. nvIN id`lI, lyKk, 1977. smwcwr. nvIN id`lI, lyKk, 1977. smwcwr. nvIN id`lI, lyKk, 1977. * nwrw, eISr isMGnwrw, eISr isMGnwrw, eISr isMGnwrw, eISr isMG gurU rwmdws pRkwS ArQwgurU rwmdws pRkwS ArQwgurU rwmdws pRkwS ArQwgurU rwmdws pRkwS ArQwq ieiqhws gurU rwmdws jI swihb qy SRI AMimRqsr q ieiqhws gurU rwmdws jI swihb qy SRI AMimRqsr q ieiqhws gurU rwmdws jI swihb qy SRI AMimRqsr q ieiqhws gurU rwmdws jI swihb qy SRI AMimRqsr

sQwpnw smwcwr. nvI id`lI, lyKk, 1977. sQwpnw smwcwr. nvI id`lI, lyKk, 1977. sQwpnw smwcwr. nvI id`lI, lyKk, 1977. sQwpnw smwcwr. nvI id`lI, lyKk, 1977.

54

# inrMjn isMG# inrMjn isMG# inrMjn isMG# inrMjn isMG pMjwb dy pRis`D sMq mhWpurK. AMimRqsr, isMG bRdrz, 1993. pMjwb dy pRis`D sMq mhWpurK. AMimRqsr, isMG bRdrz, 1993. pMjwb dy pRis`D sMq mhWpurK. AMimRqsr, isMG bRdrz, 1993. pMjwb dy pRis`D sMq mhWpurK. AMimRqsr, isMG bRdrz, 1993. # pdm, # pdm, # pdm, # pdm, ipAwrw isMGipAwrw isMGipAwrw isMGipAwrw isMG sMKyp is`K ieiqhws (1469sMKyp is`K ieiqhws (1469sMKyp is`K ieiqhws (1469sMKyp is`K ieiqhws (1469----1499). AMimRqsr, isMG bRdrz, 1990. 1499). AMimRqsr, isMG bRdrz, 1990. 1499). AMimRqsr, isMG bRdrz, 1990. 1499). AMimRqsr, isMG bRdrz, 1990. * pRkwS isMGpRkwS isMGpRkwS isMGpRkwS isMG gurU rwmdws jI qy sRI AMimRqsr. AMimRqsr, drbwr swihb, 1968. gurU rwmdws jI qy sRI AMimRqsr. AMimRqsr, drbwr swihb, 1968. gurU rwmdws jI qy sRI AMimRqsr. AMimRqsr, drbwr swihb, 1968. gurU rwmdws jI qy sRI AMimRqsr. AMimRqsr, drbwr swihb, 1968. ######## pRqwp isMGpRqwp isMGpRqwp isMGpRqwp isMG AkwlI lihr. AMimRqsr, isMG bRdrz, 1951. AkwlI lihr. AMimRqsr, isMG bRdrz, 1951. AkwlI lihr. AMimRqsr, isMG bRdrz, 1951. AkwlI lihr. AMimRqsr, isMG bRdrz, 1951. * pRqwp isMGpRqwp isMGpRqwp isMGpRqwp isMG AMimRqsr isPqI dw Gr SIR AMimRqsr dw ieiqhws qy gwief. AMimRqsr, BweI AMimRqsr isPqI dw Gr SIR AMimRqsr dw ieiqhws qy gwief. AMimRqsr, BweI AMimRqsr isPqI dw Gr SIR AMimRqsr dw ieiqhws qy gwief. AMimRqsr, BweI AMimRqsr isPqI dw Gr SIR AMimRqsr dw ieiqhws qy gwief. AMimRqsr, BweI

au`qm isMG gurbcn isMG, 1977. au`qm isMG gurbcn isMG, 1977. au`qm isMG gurbcn isMG, 1977. au`qm isMG gurbcn isMG, 1977. # pRqwp isMG# pRqwp isMG# pRqwp isMG# pRqwp isMG gurduAwrw suDwr ArQwq AkwlI lihr. AMimRqsr, Kwlsw bRdrz, 1983. gurduAwrw suDwr ArQwq AkwlI lihr. AMimRqsr, Kwlsw bRdrz, 1983. gurduAwrw suDwr ArQwq AkwlI lihr. AMimRqsr, Kwlsw bRdrz, 1983. gurduAwrw suDwr ArQwq AkwlI lihr. AMimRqsr, Kwlsw bRdrz, 1983. # pRym, pRym isMG# pRym, pRym isMG# pRym, pRym isMG# pRym, pRym isMG kurbwnI dy puMj BwgkurbwnI dy puMj BwgkurbwnI dy puMj BwgkurbwnI dy puMj Bwg---- 1. qIjw sMskrx cMfIgVH, pMjw1. qIjw sMskrx cMfIgVH, pMjw1. qIjw sMskrx cMfIgVH, pMjw1. qIjw sMskrx cMfIgVH, pMjwb styt XUnIvristI tYkst b styt XUnIvristI tYkst b styt XUnIvristI tYkst b styt XUnIvristI tYkst

bu`k borf, 1995. bu`k borf, 1995. bu`k borf, 1995. bu`k borf, 1995. # pRym, pRym isMG# pRym, pRym isMG# pRym, pRym isMG# pRym, pRym isMG kurbwnI dy puMj BwgkurbwnI dy puMj BwgkurbwnI dy puMj BwgkurbwnI dy puMj Bwg---- 2. qIjw sMskrx cMfIgVH, pMjwb XUnIvristI tYkst bu`k 2. qIjw sMskrx cMfIgVH, pMjwb XUnIvristI tYkst bu`k 2. qIjw sMskrx cMfIgVH, pMjwb XUnIvristI tYkst bu`k 2. qIjw sMskrx cMfIgVH, pMjwb XUnIvristI tYkst bu`k

borf, 1995. borf, 1995. borf, 1995. borf, 1995. * pwl suirMdrjIq ipwl suirMdrjIq ipwl suirMdrjIq ipwl suirMdrjIq isMGsMGsMGsMG AMimRqsr dI DrqI qy hor kivqwvw. AMimRqsr, BweI cqr isMG jIvn isMG, AMimRqsr dI DrqI qy hor kivqwvw. AMimRqsr, BweI cqr isMG jIvn isMG, AMimRqsr dI DrqI qy hor kivqwvw. AMimRqsr, BweI cqr isMG jIvn isMG, AMimRqsr dI DrqI qy hor kivqwvw. AMimRqsr, BweI cqr isMG jIvn isMG,

1999. 1999. 1999. 1999. ** ipAwrw isMG inrCl** ipAwrw isMG inrCl** ipAwrw isMG inrCl** ipAwrw isMG inrCl sQwpnw SRI AMimRqsr. AMimRqsr, lyKk, 1977. sQwpnw SRI AMimRqsr. AMimRqsr, lyKk, 1977. sQwpnw SRI AMimRqsr. AMimRqsr, lyKk, 1977. sQwpnw SRI AMimRqsr. AMimRqsr, lyKk, 1977.

55

## ## ## ## iPlOrI, SrDw rwmiPlOrI, SrDw rwmiPlOrI, SrDw rwmiPlOrI, SrDw rwm is`KW dy rwj dI iviQAw. jlMDr, 1956. is`KW dy rwj dI iviQAw. jlMDr, 1956. is`KW dy rwj dI iviQAw. jlMDr, 1956. is`KW dy rwj dI iviQAw. jlMDr, 1956. * bhwdr isMGbhwdr isMGbhwdr isMGbhwdr isMG AMimRqsr gRMQ. AMimRqsr, cSmynUr, 1894. AMimRqsr gRMQ. AMimRqsr, cSmynUr, 1894. AMimRqsr gRMQ. AMimRqsr, cSmynUr, 1894. AMimRqsr gRMQ. AMimRqsr, cSmynUr, 1894. # btwlvI, Aihmd Swh# btwlvI, Aihmd Swh# btwlvI, Aihmd Swh# btwlvI, Aihmd Swh qwrIKqwrIKqwrIKqwrIK----eyeyeyey----pMjwb, Anuvwdk gurbKS isMG. pitAwlw, pMjwbI XUnIvristI, pMjwb, Anuvwdk gurbKS isMG. pitAwlw, pMjwbI XUnIvristI, pMjwb, Anuvwdk gurbKS isMG. pitAwlw, pMjwbI XUnIvristI, pMjwb, Anuvwdk gurbKS isMG. pitAwlw, pMjwbI XUnIvristI,

1969. 1969. 1969. 1969. ** blkwr isMG** blkwr isMG** blkwr isMG** blkwr isMG Akwl qKq swihb joq qy jugq. AMimRqsr, SRomxI gurduAwrw pRbMDk kmytI, Akwl qKq swihb joq qy jugq. AMimRqsr, SRomxI gurduAwrw pRbMDk kmytI, Akwl qKq swihb joq qy jugq. AMimRqsr, SRomxI gurduAwrw pRbMDk kmytI, Akwl qKq swihb joq qy jugq. AMimRqsr, SRomxI gurduAwrw pRbMDk kmytI,

1995. 1995. 1995. 1995. * Bgq isMGBgq isMGBgq isMGBgq isMG isPqI dw Gr Aqy jIvn SRI gurU rwmdws jI smyq cwr sO swlw ieiqhws sRI isPqI dw Gr Aqy jIvn SRI gurU rwmdws jI smyq cwr sO swlw ieiqhws sRI isPqI dw Gr Aqy jIvn SRI gurU rwmdws jI smyq cwr sO swlw ieiqhws sRI isPqI dw Gr Aqy jIvn SRI gurU rwmdws jI smyq cwr sO swlw ieiqhws sRI

AMimRqsr jI. nvI id`lI, suMdr, 1977. AMimRqsr jI. nvI id`lI, suMdr, 1977. AMimRqsr jI. nvI id`lI, suMdr, 1977. AMimRqsr jI. nvI id`lI, suMdr, 1977. * Bjn isMGBjn isMGBjn isMGBjn isMG SRI hirmMdr swihb. cMfIgVH, pMjwb stySRI hirmMdr swihb. cMfIgVH, pMjwb stySRI hirmMdr swihb. cMfIgVH, pMjwb stySRI hirmMdr swihb. cMfIgVH, pMjwb styt XUnIvristI tYkstt XUnIvristI tYkstt XUnIvristI tYkstt XUnIvristI tYkst----bu`k borf, 1999. bu`k borf, 1999. bu`k borf, 1999. bu`k borf, 1999. # BrpUr isMG# BrpUr isMG# BrpUr isMG# BrpUr isMG BgqI qy SkqI dw kyNdr. AMimRqsr, rGbIr rcnw pRkwSn, 1978. BgqI qy SkqI dw kyNdr. AMimRqsr, rGbIr rcnw pRkwSn, 1978. BgqI qy SkqI dw kyNdr. AMimRqsr, rGbIr rcnw pRkwSn, 1978. BgqI qy SkqI dw kyNdr. AMimRqsr, rGbIr rcnw pRkwSn, 1978. ## BMgU, rqn isMG## BMgU, rqn isMG## BMgU, rqn isMG## BMgU, rqn isMG sRI gurU pMQ pRkwS,sRI gurU pMQ pRkwS,sRI gurU pMQ pRkwS,sRI gurU pMQ pRkwS, sMpwdk jIq isMG sIql. AMimRqsr, SRomxI gurduAwrw pRbMDk sMpwdk jIq isMG sIql. AMimRqsr, SRomxI gurduAwrw pRbMDk sMpwdk jIq isMG sIql. AMimRqsr, SRomxI gurduAwrw pRbMDk sMpwdk jIq isMG sIql. AMimRqsr, SRomxI gurduAwrw pRbMDk

kmytI, 1984. kmytI, 1984. kmytI, 1984. kmytI, 1984. # BMgU, rqn isMG# BMgU, rqn isMG# BMgU, rqn isMG# BMgU, rqn isMG SRI gurU pMQ pRkwS, sMpwdk blvMq isMG iF`loN. AMimRqsr, isMG bRdrz, 2004. SRI gurU pMQ pRkwS, sMpwdk blvMq isMG iF`loN. AMimRqsr, isMG bRdrz, 2004. SRI gurU pMQ pRkwS, sMpwdk blvMq isMG iF`loN. AMimRqsr, isMG bRdrz, 2004. SRI gurU pMQ pRkwS, sMpwdk blvMq isMG iF`loN. AMimRqsr, isMG bRdrz, 2004. # # # # BMgU, rqn isMGBMgU, rqn isMGBMgU, rqn isMGBMgU, rqn isMG pRwcIn pMQ pRkwS, sMpwdk vIr isMG. AMimRqsr, Kwlsw smwcwr, 1962. pRwcIn pMQ pRkwS, sMpwdk vIr isMG. AMimRqsr, Kwlsw smwcwr, 1962. pRwcIn pMQ pRkwS, sMpwdk vIr isMG. AMimRqsr, Kwlsw smwcwr, 1962. pRwcIn pMQ pRkwS, sMpwdk vIr isMG. AMimRqsr, Kwlsw smwcwr, 1962.

56

# B`lw, jsbIr isMG# B`lw, jsbIr isMG# B`lw, jsbIr isMG# B`lw, jsbIr isMG ieiqhws bwbw bùFw jI. id`lI, mnpRIq pRkwSn, 2003. ieiqhws bwbw bùFw jI. id`lI, mnpRIq pRkwSn, 2003. ieiqhws bwbw bùFw jI. id`lI, mnpRIq pRkwSn, 2003. ieiqhws bwbw bùFw jI. id`lI, mnpRIq pRkwSn, 2003. # B`lw, jsbIr isMG# B`lw, jsbIr isMG# B`lw, jsbIr isMG# B`lw, jsbIr isMG ieiqhwsk gurduAwry; ie`k srvyKx. id`lI, mnpRIq pRkwSn, 2001. ieiqhwsk gurduAwry; ie`k srvyKx. id`lI, mnpRIq pRkwSn, 2001. ieiqhwsk gurduAwry; ie`k srvyKx. id`lI, mnpRIq pRkwSn, 2001. ieiqhwsk gurduAwry; ie`k srvyKx. id`lI, mnpRIq pRkwSn, 2001. * mhW isMG, sMpw.mhW isMG, sMpw.mhW isMG, sMpw.mhW isMG, sMpw. SRI drbwr swihb. AMimRqsr, Kwlsw smwcwr, 1963. SRI drbwr swihb. AMimRqsr, Kwlsw smwcwr, 1963. SRI drbwr swihb. AMimRqsr, Kwlsw smwcwr, 1963. SRI drbwr swihb. AMimRqsr, Kwlsw smwcwr, 1963. # # # # mihqwb isMGmihqwb isMGmihqwb isMGmihqwb isMG nWvW qy QWvW dw koS. AMimRqsr, myhr isMG sujwn isMG, 1959. nWvW qy QWvW dw koS. AMimRqsr, myhr isMG sujwn isMG, 1959. nWvW qy QWvW dw koS. AMimRqsr, myhr isMG sujwn isMG, 1959. nWvW qy QWvW dw koS. AMimRqsr, myhr isMG sujwn isMG, 1959. * mjITw, rwm isMGmjITw, rwm isMGmjITw, rwm isMGmjITw, rwm isMG AMimRqsr dy juJwr joDy. AMimRqsr, izlw PrIfm PweItrj AwrgynweIzySn, AMimRqsr dy juJwr joDy. AMimRqsr, izlw PrIfm PweItrj AwrgynweIzySn, AMimRqsr dy juJwr joDy. AMimRqsr, izlw PrIfm PweItrj AwrgynweIzySn, AMimRqsr dy juJwr joDy. AMimRqsr, izlw PrIfm PweItrj AwrgynweIzySn,

1983. 1983. 1983. 1983. * mnsuKwnI, goibMd isMGmnsuKwnI, goibMd isMGmnsuKwnI, goibMd isMGmnsuKwnI, goibMd isMG gurU rwmdws; jIvn bwxI qy PlsPw. AMimRqsr, lok swihq, 1997. gurU rwmdws; jIvn bwxI qy PlsPw. AMimRqsr, lok swihq, 1997. gurU rwmdws; jIvn bwxI qy PlsPw. AMimRqsr, lok swihq, 1997. gurU rwmdws; jIvn bwxI qy PlsPw. AMimRqsr, lok swihq, 1997. # mwn isMG inrMkwrI# mwn isMG inrMkwrI# mwn isMG inrMkwrI# mwn isMG inrMkwrI pMjwb dw Gor duKWq. cMfIgVH, lokgIq pRkwSn, 20pMjwb dw Gor duKWq. cMfIgVH, lokgIq pRkwSn, 20pMjwb dw Gor duKWq. cMfIgVH, lokgIq pRkwSn, 20pMjwb dw Gor duKWq. cMfIgVH, lokgIq pRkwSn, 2008. 08. 08. 08. ## imhr isMG## imhr isMG## imhr isMG## imhr isMG gurpurb drSn. AMimRqsr, Arjn isMG jYml isMG, m.n. gurpurb drSn. AMimRqsr, Arjn isMG jYml isMG, m.n. gurpurb drSn. AMimRqsr, Arjn isMG jYml isMG, m.n. gurpurb drSn. AMimRqsr, Arjn isMG jYml isMG, m.n. * muhkmdInmuhkmdInmuhkmdInmuhkmdIn ausiqq SRI drbwr AMimRqsr. AMimRqsr, gulwb isMG, 1869. ausiqq SRI drbwr AMimRqsr. AMimRqsr, gulwb isMG, 1869. ausiqq SRI drbwr AMimRqsr. AMimRqsr, gulwb isMG, 1869. ausiqq SRI drbwr AMimRqsr. AMimRqsr, gulwb isMG, 1869. * irport SRRI drbwr swihb SRI AMimRqsr; AkwlI lihr qo bwAd pihlI irportirport SRRI drbwr swihb SRI AMimRqsr; AkwlI lihr qo bwAd pihlI irportirport SRRI drbwr swihb SRI AMimRqsr; AkwlI lihr qo bwAd pihlI irportirport SRRI drbwr swihb SRI AMimRqsr; AkwlI lihr qo bwAd pihlI irport----1929., m.n. 1929., m.n. 1929., m.n. 1929., m.n. ## irport SRI drbwr swihb AMimRqsr. AMimRqsr, SRI drbwr swihb kmytI, 1932. ## irport SRI drbwr swihb AMimRqsr. AMimRqsr, SRI drbwr swihb kmytI, 1932. ## irport SRI drbwr swihb AMimRqsr. AMimRqsr, SRI drbwr swihb kmytI, 1932. ## irport SRI drbwr swihb AMimRqsr. AMimRqsr, SRI drbwr swihb kmytI, 1932.

57

* virAwm isMvirAwm isMvirAwm isMvirAwm isMGGGG AMimRqsr jI dy srovr dI kwr syvw. AMimRqsr, gurmq pRYs, 1923. AMimRqsr jI dy srovr dI kwr syvw. AMimRqsr, gurmq pRYs, 1923. AMimRqsr jI dy srovr dI kwr syvw. AMimRqsr, gurmq pRYs, 1923. AMimRqsr jI dy srovr dI kwr syvw. AMimRqsr, gurmq pRYs, 1923. * virAwm isMGvirAwm isMGvirAwm isMGvirAwm isMG SRI AMimRqsr jI dy s`c KMf srovr dI kwr (ih`sw pihlw). AMimRqsr, gurmq pRYs, SRI AMimRqsr jI dy s`c KMf srovr dI kwr (ih`sw pihlw). AMimRqsr, gurmq pRYs, SRI AMimRqsr jI dy s`c KMf srovr dI kwr (ih`sw pihlw). AMimRqsr, gurmq pRYs, SRI AMimRqsr jI dy s`c KMf srovr dI kwr (ih`sw pihlw). AMimRqsr, gurmq pRYs,

1923. 1923. 1923. 1923. * ividAwvqIividAwvqIividAwvqIividAwvqI gurU rwmdws jIvn qy bwxI. smwxw, sMgm pblIkySnz, 2005. gurU rwmdws jIvn qy bwxI. smwxw, sMgm pblIkySnz, 2005. gurU rwmdws jIvn qy bwxI. smwxw, sMgm pblIkySnz, 2005. gurU rwmdws jIvn qy bwxI. smwxw, sMgm pblIkySnz, 2005. * SIR drbwr swihb jI dy sMKyp hwl. AMimRqsr, Kwlsw trYkt suswietI, 1993. SIR drbwr swihb jI dy sMKyp hwl. AMimRqsr, Kwlsw trYkt suswietI, 1993. SIR drbwr swihb jI dy sMKyp hwl. AMimRqsr, Kwlsw trYkt suswietI, 1993. SIR drbwr swihb jI dy sMKyp hwl. AMimRqsr, Kwlsw trYkt suswietI, 1993.

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h`Q ilKq nM : MS 193 g isrlyK : ausqiq sRI AMimRqsr (ADUrI) lyKk : kvI sONDw p`qry : 329 A – 333 A Awkwr : 11X13 s.m. ilKq: 8X10 s.m. vyrvw : EhI Awm vyrvwAwm vyrvwAwm vyrvwAwm vyrvw : EhI: EhI: EhI: EhI

AwrMB : AQ ausqiq sRI AMimRqsr jI kI ] CMdu ] qIn lok mih qwlu n AYsw jYsw dyiKAw AMimRqsr ] qwl miD hir mMdru nIkw mwnhu sRI rwm kw Gr ] moqI cUnI hIrw pMnw qw mih lwgI hY bhu jr ]…

AMq : … gurU rwm dws kw shr Ajwiebu nr nwrI suKu pwvYgo ] dgr bgr bwjwr AO bI QI keI jojn lO hoie jwvYgo ] jo jo ngrI inkt bsY Ab bIc bwjwrin AwvYgo ] qo dy bIc bjwr muhr ky kOfI ko n curwvYgo ] pRgt mwieAw sB hI QIsI gu…..

h`Q ilKq nM : MS 655 A

isrlyK : ausqq sRI AMmRqsr jI kw ] lyKk : sONDw sQwn : kwly p`qry : 32 a - 37 A Akwr : 15 X 12 s.m. ilKq : 11 X 11 s.m. vyrvw : EhI [sqrW pRqI pMnw-10 hn[ Awm vyrvw : ilKweI Awm krky TIk TIk [ poQI dI hwlq cMgI [ AwrMB : “< siqgur pRswid ]sRI vwhgurU jI kI Pqy ] ausqq sRI AMmRqsr jI kI ] CMd]” AMq : AMimRqsr qy qIn kos kwly pscm Er ] sMDU bhu qw mY bsY auqmu hY vhu Taur] vwsI iqs

hI ngr kw soNDw kv (kiv) kw nwau ] sMqn kI srnwgqI rwKY iqn kau rwm ] ausqiq sMpUrnM ] sRI AMmRqsr jI kI ] pVy suxy moK muKiq pwvY Bul cuk soD pVnw [

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h`Q ilKq nM : MS 1102 e isrlyK : ausqiq sRI AMimRqsru jI kI p`qry : 45 A – 57 A Awkwr : 15 X 10 s.m. ilKq : 9.5 X 5.5 s.m. vyrvw : EhI [ sqrW pRqI pMnw-7 hn[ Awm vyrvw : hVqwl Pyr ky suDweI kIqI hoeI hY [ ilKweI DibAW vwlI [ AwrMB : “< siqgur pRswid ] ausqiq sRI AMimRqsru jI kI ] qIn lok mY qwlu n AYsw jYsw dyiKAw sRI

AMimRqsir ] qwl mD hirmMdir nIkw mwno sRI rwm jI kw Gr ] moqI cunI hIrw pMnw qw mih lwgI hY bhu jir ]”

AMq : “sMqn kI srxwgqI rwKY iqn kO rwm 3 ] ausqiq sRI AMimRqsru kI smwpiq Bul cUk bKs lYxw]” ] ] ] ]

h`Q ilKq nM : MS 57 c isrlyK : ausqq sRI drbwr swihb jI kI lyKk : sONDw kiv p`qry : 114 a- 121 a sQwn : AMimRqsr (kwly ipMf) Awkwr : 12X18 s.m. ilKq: 9X12 s. m. vyrvw : EhI ivSys : sONDw kiv qy Ph.D. ho cu`kI hY qy QIisz Cp cuikAw hY[ lyKk fw: Drm isMG hY] Awm vyrvw : EhI ArMB : < siqgur pRswid] ausqiq sRI drbwr swihb jI kI] svYXw KwrI mY bYT qIAw inj sIs pY

ipMgl eyik qhW clw AwieAw] nwvq kwg BieAw iqh sÍyq su dyKu kY ipMgl qW ko luBwieAw] mY iesnwn krO ies nIr mY so Awpny mn mY TihrwieAw] …

AMq : …ausqiq jo gurduAwr kI soNDy khI bnwie] sun kir ikrpw kIjIau siq gur hoie shwie] AMimRqsr qy qIn kos kwly pscm aur] sMDU bhu qw mY bsY auqm hY vhu Tor] vwsI iqs hI ngR kw soDW k`v kw nwmu] sMqn kI srnw gqI gKY iqn ko rwm]

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h`Q ilKq nM : MS 448 k isrlyK : AMimRqsr ausqq lyKk : rvwl kiv p`qry : 41 a Akwr : 28.5X19 s.m. ilKq: 24.5X15 s.m. vyrvw : EhI Awm vyrvw : EhI AwrMB : < sqgur pRswid ] kYsI rv rsm Gtw pY hY thl isMG jYsI nIl mnn kIAw vlI phwr

hY ] kYsI nIl minn kIAw vlI sbj sYl jYsI ibRj kMujn mY Xmunw kI Dwr dyKI jYsI bIjurI ky swr pwnp Apwr hY ] kYsI bujuIrI ky swr pwnp Apwr dyKI jYsI sRI guibMd isMG qyrI qrvwr hY ]…

AMq : …gjY sur hÍW qo eIhW swDU sur gjY sdw suDw hÍY dW qo eIhW suDwsr ko drs hY ] pWn kIey vWky hoq Amr sumh hMU ky jIvn mukœ ey sB ky prs hY ] gÍwl kiv jogin kO durlB khW hY vY jogI BogI duhn ko hoq Xih Xh rs hY ] hÍW hY hirmMdr eIhW hir gur mMdr hY XW qy gurpur surpur qy srs hY ] 6 ]

h`Q ilKq : MS 711 | isrlyK : AMimRqsr jI kI mirAwdw p`qry : 29 a – 30 a Akwr : 20 X 11 s.m. ilKq : 14 X 7 s.m. vyrvw : EhI [ sqrW pRqI pMnw –7 hn[ Awm vyrvw : poQI dI hwlq Awm krky cMgI [ AwrMB : “< siqgur pRswid ] 0 0 0 0 Awid bIcwr ] AMimRqsr jI kI imrjdw (mirAwdw) sq

gmwnu 18000 ATwrih hjwrw Gumwau ivic ibsbwr Awhw ] Aqy suieny dIAw pauVIAW AwhIAw]”

AMq : “jy koeI audmu kr kY iesnwnu kr kY iesnwn krygw iqs kI prm hiq hovYgI ]”

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h`Q ilKq nM : MS 17 A isrlyK : AMimRqsr mhwqm p`qry : 11 A -14 A Awkwr : 17X17 s.m. ilKq: 9X12 s.m. vyrvw : EhI Awm vyrvw : EhI AwrMB : < sRI gxyswie nm: dohrw] sRI siqgur nwnk sdw pUjau duie kir jor] jwqy sMsy sB imtY

auqm miq ijm Bor] [ ]dohrw]gur gxys Aru swrdw bMdo ihq icq lwie] jwkI ikRpw iblwsqy auqm mq ko pwie]2]…

AMq : …do :] ikRq jug pRBwv sr qum kihXo mmnwQ] qRyqw ko pRBwv Puin kho skl ibD gwQ]6] ieiq sRI BivKXq purwxy aumw mhysur sMbwdy AimRqsr mhwqmy nwm duqIE iDAwie]2] sRI mhwdyvau vwc dohrw

h`Q ilKq nM : MS 59 e isrlyK : AMimRqsr mhwqm p`qry : 225 A -259 A Awkwr : 12X16 s.m. ilKq: 9X12 s.m. vyrvw : EhI Awm vyrvwAwm vyrvwAwm vyrvwAwm vyrvw : EhI: EhI: EhI: EhI ArMB : <siqgur pRswid] ]dohrw] gur gnys Ar swrdw bMdo ihq icq lwie] jwkI ikRpw iblwsqy

aUqm miq ko pwie]1]… AMq : …drb dyh dwn dyh mwn dyih qws Awdr kIjIAY] sr so js sunwie dyh goibdg pRIq lwie

dyh mukq pMQ idKwie qw sun nmskwr kIjIAY] hir crn pRIq lwie dyh gur ko js sunwie dyih kwl pMQ Cfwie qws crn pUjIAY] sMq sMg kIjIAY dwn mwn dIjIAY] jnm lwB jIjIAY so AYsI miq dIjIAY] ieq sRI BivKq purwny amw mhys sMbwdy AMimRqsr mhwqmy nwm As†moiDAw sm,wpiq msq suB Asq] APjU]=]

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h`Q ilKq nM : MS 938 | isrlyK : AMimRqsr mhwqm p`qry : 481 A - 488 A Awkwr : 41 X 34 s.m. ilKq : 31 X 28 s.m. vyrvw : EhI [ sqrW pRqI pMnw - 22 hn[ Awm vyrvw : hwSIey qoN bwhr vI iliKAw hoieAw hY [ hVqwl Pyr ky suDweI kIqI hoeI [ ilKweI suMdr, poQI

dI hwlq TIk TIk [ AwrMB : <siqgur pRswid ] dohrw ] gur gxso Ar swrdw bMdau ihq icq lwie ] jwkI ikrpw

iblws qy auqm miq ko pwie ] 1] dohrw ] jy gxys ikRpw kry mUk hoie vw cwl ] ipgM cry prbq Aimq pwvY buiD ibswl ] 2 dohrw ] sIqw pq ky crn kO bMDau bwrMbwr ] jw kI ikRpw iblws qy auqro swgr pwr ]3] dohrw ] sMq crx Pun bMd kY bMdau sMqn rYx ] jwkI ikRpw ktWK qy dIsq hY hir nYx ]4] cOpeI ] prbq mY suMdr kYlwsw ] aumw sMB qhk rYin vwsw ] pwd kv tp suMdr qih sohY ] jo iblok mun ky mn mohY ] qIn kwl suMdr qh CwieAw ]

AMq : pMnw nMbr 487 - 88 “AstomoiDAwie ] hir crn pRIq lwie dyih gur ko jsu sunwie dyih kwl pMQ Cfwie dyih qws crn pUjIey ] sMq sMg kIjIey dwn mwn dIjIey jnm lwB lIjIey AYysI miq BIjIey ]37] ieiq sRI BivKq purwny aumw mhysr sMbwd AMimRqsr mhwqmy nwm Astmo iDAwie ]8]1] Bul cuk bKsxI ] ] ] ] ]

h`Q ilKq nM : MS 50 h isrlyK : AMimRqsr mhwqm lyKk : sMq dws ( tIkwkwr) p`qry : 111 a - 141 a Awkwr : 11X18 s.m. ilKq: 8X12 s. m. vyrvw : EhI Awm vyrvw : ieh ikRq BivKq pUrwn aumw mhySvr sMbwd dw tIkw hY[ ArMB : < siqgur pRswid] dohrw] gur gxys Ar swrdw bMdEu ihq icq lwie] jwkI ikRpw iblws

qy auqm miq ko pwie]1]do] jy gxys ikrpw kry mUk hoie vwcwl] ipMg cry prbq Aimq pwvy buiD iblws]2]…

AMq : …dohrw] ] shs ikRq phly snÎo BwKw krI bnwie] BUl cUk kb kI iCmhu sMq sunhu mn lwie]29] isv gOrI sMbwd ieh igr kYlws pr hoie] sMq dws sMqn sunÎo BwKw krI su soie]30] ieiq sRI BivKÎq purwxy Eumw mhysu sMbwdy AMimRqsR [ AMimRqsr] mhwqmy As†m DÎwX sMpUrn msqu suB msqu]8]

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h`Q ilKq nM : MS 658 sMgRih isrlyK : AMimRqsr mhwqm, gurbwxI p`qry : 1 – 15 , 16 - 350 (gurbwxI) ic`qr: pihlw p`qrw nmUny dw hY Akwr : 17 X 25 s.m. ilKq: 13 X 17 s.m. vyrvw : ijld bwAd ivc bMnI hoeI[ isAwhI kwlI, vKryvyN leI lwl[ hwSIAw nIlI, lwl, kwlIAW

lkIrW ivckwr v`fI pIlI lkIr[ sqrW pRqI pMnw-13 hn[ Awm vyrvw : gRMQ dI hwlq cMgI [ hwSIey ivc ikDry ikDry ilKq, pihlw p`qrw nMbr qoN bgYr KwlI hY, jo

PitAw hoieAw hY qy iek pqrw AKIr qy KwlI hY [ SurU ivc gRMQ dy pMny aupr bhuq suMdr fIzweIn bxwieAw hoieAw hY [

AwrMB : “<siqgur pRswid ] ] ; “sRI gxysswXnm : ] nmonmw : ]do: ] [ gux gxys Aru swrdw bMdo ihqu icqu lwie ] jwkI ikRpw blys qy auqm miq ko pwie ] 1 ] jo gnys ikRpw krY mUk hoie Qw cwil ] ipMgu cVY prbiq Aimiq pwvY buiD ibswlu ] 2 sIqwpiq ky crn ko bMdo bir bwru ] jwkI ikRpw blys qY auqroN swgru pwru ]”

AMq : “ieiq sRI BivKÎq purwxy aumw mhysur sMbwdy AMimRqsr mhwqmy nwmu Asstmo iDAwie smwpqM ] 8 ] 1 ]

ieiq sRI AmimRqsru suDw srovr mhwqmy gurU ausqiq smwpquM msuqu suB msqu ] 1 ] 1 ] ] suMB ] 1 ] ]”

h`Q ilKq : MS 725 k isrlyK : sRI AMimRqsr jU kI ausqiq lyKk : gupwl isMG smW : sMmq 1890 p`qry : 21 a – 25 a Akwr : 17 X 11 s.m. ilKq : 14 X 7 s.m. vyrvw : EhI [ sqrW pRqI pMnw –9 hn[ Awm vyrvw : ilKweI suMdr, poQI dI hwlq TIk [ AwrMB : “AQ sRI AMimRqsr jU kI ausqiq ilKXqy ] ]kibqu]” AMq : “Xh kibq ko dskV jo khXo suDwsr Bwie ] pFY sunY Plu pwveI jo AMimRqsr nwie ]”

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h`Q ilKq nM : MS 1060 k isrlyK : sRI AMimRqsr mhwqm p`qry : 88 A - 104 A Awkwr : 16 X 10 s.m. ilKq: 10X7 s.m. vyrvw : EhI[ sqrW pRqI pMnw-9 hn[ Awm vyrvw : ilKweI suMdr, poQI dI hwlq TIk TIk [ AwrMB : “<siqgur pRswid ]sRI gxyswienm] AQ sRI AMimRqsr mhwqm ilKXqy ] dohrw ]gur

gxys ArU swrdw bMdo ihq icq lwie ] jwkI ikRpw bly sBy auqm miq ko pwie]” AMq : “Bgiq AwpxI dyih mwDo Bv swgr ky Brn ko] ieiq sRI rwm Astk sMpUrxM ]smwpqM] suB

suB msqu suMB Bvyq]”

h`Q ilKq : MS 710 isrlyK : suDwsr dI mihmw AMimRqsr dI isPq lyKk : iDAwn isMG p`qry : 1- 5 A Akwr : 17 X 25 s.m. ilKq : 14 X 20 s.m. vyrvw : ijld KwkI kwgz nwl sIqI hoeI[ isAwhI kwlI[ hwSIAw dovyN pwsy iek iek kwlI lkIr[

sqrW pRqI pMnw-18 hn[ Awm vyrvw : poQI dI hwlq cMgI , ilKweI suMdr [ AwrMB : “< siqgur pRswid ] sYÍ ] sB gurUAn mY gurU nwnk jI qReI lok ibKY ijn nwm jpwXo ]

soeI srUp Bey gurU AMgd sRI gurU Amr srUp shwXo]” AMq : “AYsy AYsy ipAwry ijn Awie ky svwry kwm qwko AB rwm js rhXo jg Cwie kY ] kOlsr nOqn

bnwXo hrKwXo mn Xw qy hm khXo hY kCK js gwiekY ]”

Amritsar - The Holy CityAmritsar - The Holy City ... Golden Temple. ... institutes that are...

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Transcript of Amritsar - The Holy CityAmritsar - The Holy City ... Golden Temple. ... institutes that are...