AmphibiansBy: Josh Armstrong and Brandon Lennert

Amphibians

Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Sub-Phylum: VertebratesClass: Amphibians https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6MGL3yTw0c4

Aquatic ties

Larvae

Gills

Tails

Herbivores

Moist skin

• Will suffocate if Co2 can’t be disposed of

Adult

• Must lay eggs in H2o

• Lack outer shell

Terrestrial ties

Adults• Lungs + moist skin• Legs• CarnivoresMore efficient heart

Evolution of amphibians

360 million years ago Evolved from lobed fin fish• Bones in pectoral region (Forearms)• Pelvic fins (Hind legs) Leg bones strong • Support body weight

Traits of Amphibian class

Metamorphosis- Change form (Aquatic Larvae -> Terrestrial Adult)

Cold blooded- Ectoderms (Use environment to regulate heat)

External fertilization

• Need H2o

• No shells

• Jelly crated eggs

• Feet if present, lack claws and are often webbed

Moist porpoise skin

• Respiration (In O2 and H2o, Out Co2 and H2o)

Traits of amphibian class (Continued)

Respire• Gills• Lungs• Skin https://www.youtube.com/

watch?v=bHwAguHqYnU

Three orders (Anura)

Means: Tailless• 3800 species of frogs and toadsLay jelly coated eggs in H2o • Tadpoles- Compact bodies Tongue sticky, long

Three orders (Urodela)

400 different species • Salamanders and Newts Long tails Elongated bodies Moist Skin Four limbs Found almost worldwide

Three orders (Apoda or Gymnophiona)

Leg less amphibians • 160 speciesCaecilians Can be up to 12 inches longLives in tropics and in dirt/soilEats insects

Life of a frog

Larvae Small with fish like traits

Tail, gills , no limbs, …, ect. Adult

Bigger with no fish like taitsForelimbs, hind limbs, lungs, …, ect. http://

www.sheppardsoftware.com/content/animals/quizzes/amphibians/AmphibianGame_1.html

External Covering

Moist skin Why?!?

Used for protection slippery easier to escape

Respiration Takes in oxygen Releases carbon dioxide

Nervous System

Brain same size as a fish No care process for young Very good vision

Nictitating membrane Goggles underwater Also keeps eyes moist http://

www.learninggamesforkids.com/animal_and_nature_games/amphibian-games/frog-games/sc_letterfall_frog.html

Nervous system continued

Tympanic Membrane Picks up vibrations in water

No earsNares

For smellInternal and external

Internal Structures

Endoskeleton Adaptations

Radius, ulna are fusedTibia and fibula are fused

the beginning of joints

Digestive System

Larvae are herbivores Adults are carnivores http://

www.learninggamesforkids.com/animal_and_nature_games/amphibian-games/frog-games/frog-jigsaw.html

Digestion Continued from beginning to end

Mouth- 2 types of teeth, forcing it to gullet

Pharynx- opening from mouth to gulletGullet- opening to esophagusEsophagus- moves food to stomach Stomach- starts protein digestion

Digestion continued

Small intestine No pyloric caeca Protein, lipid, and carb digestion

Large intestine No digestion Food molecules absorbed into bloodCloaca

Urogenital and digestion into one

Digestion continued

Vent • Similar to anus (Everything exits)• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bOJyhk4QZvc

Circulatory system

Larvae1 loop system 2 chambers

Adult2 loop system 3 chambered heart

Respiratory system

2 typesRespire through moist skinMouth-glottis- trachea lungsTake in O2 and release Co2

Excretory system

Kidneys2 lie along back wall of frog, under

reproductive organsBlood into kidneyKidney filters out nitrogenous waste

WasteUrea, salts and H20 (urine) stored in urinary

bladder

Reproductive System (Male)

Sperm made in testesTravels through sperm ducts to cloaca Exits out vent

Reproductive system (Female)

Eggs made in ovariesTravels along oviduct where jelly coating is

applied Eggs empty out into cloaca and exit out vent

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qp0PdRrpSzA

Frog life cycle

Embryonic development Fertilization Fertilized egg Cleavage Yolk plug Neutral fold Organ formation

Frog life cycle continued

Larval development Hatching External gill Operculum Hind legs Fore legs Tail resorption https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ti0HDtRY8u4

Frog life cycle continued

Adults (Metamorphosis)Legs formMouth broadens

Develops teeth and jaws

Lungs become functional Circulatory system becomes 2-loops, 3

chambered heartTerrestrial and aquatic

Mating

During warm spring frogs emerge from hibernation Migrate to ponds/ moist areas Males, which have vocal sacs, call to attract females of

their own species Females respond to call Male climbs on the back of female and amplexus occurs

forcing female to pass mature eggs Male disperses sperm into water near the eggs http://

www.learninggamesforkids.com/animal_and_nature_games/amphibian-games/frog-games/frog-word-o-rama.html

Amphibian fun facts

• Hundreds of millions of years ago, amphibians became the first vertebrates to live on land.

• Some turtles and tortoises, including the Eastern box turtle, can live for more than a century.

• More than 75 percent of all toad and frog species in the world live in tropical rainforests.

• The word amphibian means “Double life”

• http://www.learninggamesforkids.com/animal_and_nature_games/amphibian-games/frog-games/sc_spelling_frog.html

http://kids.sandiegozoo.org/animals/amphibians

Work citied

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qp0PdRrpSzA

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YnsyjdJqhfI

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ti0HDtRY8u4 (funny video)

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bOJyhk4QZvc (dissection)

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6MGL3yTw0c4 (difference in reptile and amphibians)

"Amphibians." Facts. N.p., n.d. Web. 08 Jan. 2015.

"Amphibian Quiz." Amphibian Quiz. N.p., n.d. Web. 08 Jan. 2015.

 "Amphibian Quiz." Amphibian Quiz. N.p., n.d. Web. 08 Jan. 2015.