AMPHIBIANS

AMPHIBIANSAMPHIBIANS

HOLT BIOLOGYHOLT BIOLOGY

CH. 30CH. 30

Pg. 739-750Pg. 739-750

CHARACTERISTIC OF CHARACTERISTIC OF AMPHIBIANSAMPHIBIANS

• LEGS (most)LEGS (most)



• LUNGSLUNGS



• LUNGSLUNGS

• DOUBLE-LOOP CIRCULATIONDOUBLE-LOOP CIRCULATION



• LUNGSLUNGS


• PARTIALLY DIVIDED HEARTPARTIALLY DIVIDED HEART



• LUNGSLUNGS



• CUTANEOUS (skin) RESPIRATIONCUTANEOUS (skin) RESPIRATION– Live on land, but must stay close to Live on land, but must stay close to

waterwater

MOVEMENT AND RESPONSEMOVEMENT AND RESPONSE

• Strong endoskeleton needed to support Strong endoskeleton needed to support gravity on landgravity on land



• Good sense of hearing and sightGood sense of hearing and sight



• Good sense of hearing and sightGood sense of hearing and sight– HuntingHunting



• Good sense of hearing and sightGood sense of hearing and sight– HuntingHunting– Avoid predatorsAvoid predators



• Good sense of hearing and sightGood sense of hearing and sight– HuntingHunting– Avoid predatorsAvoid predators– Eye covered in third eyelid (NICTITATING Eye covered in third eyelid (NICTITATING

MEMBRANE)MEMBRANE)



• Good sense of hearing and sightGood sense of hearing and sight– HuntingHunting– Avoid predatorsAvoid predators– Eye covered in third eyelid (NICTITATING Eye covered in third eyelid (NICTITATING

MEMBRANE)MEMBRANE)– Inner ear detects sound transmitted through Inner ear detects sound transmitted through

TYMPANIC MEMBRANE-vibration sent through TYMPANIC MEMBRANE-vibration sent through fluid, tiny sensitive hairs then to nervesfluid, tiny sensitive hairs then to nerves

RESPIRATIONRESPIRATION

• Amphibians get oxygen from Amphibians get oxygen from


• Amphibians get oxygen from Amphibians get oxygen from – SkinSkin


• Amphibians get oxygen from Amphibians get oxygen from – SkinSkin– LungsLungs


• Amphibians get oxygen from Amphibians get oxygen from – SkinSkin– LungsLungs– MouthMouth



• LUNGSLUNGS



• LUNGSLUNGS– Larval state has gillsLarval state has gills



• LUNGSLUNGS– Larval state has gillsLarval state has gills– Most adults breathe with lungsMost adults breathe with lungs




• Bag-like organ that allows for exchange of oxygen Bag-like organ that allows for exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxideand carbon dioxide





• Great surface area (due to folds in tissue)Great surface area (due to folds in tissue)





• Great surface area (due to folds in tissue)Great surface area (due to folds in tissue)• Lower bottom jaw to draw air in, lift lower jaw to force Lower bottom jaw to draw air in, lift lower jaw to force

waste gas outwaste gas out




• Bag-like organ that allows for exchange of oxygen and Bag-like organ that allows for exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxidecarbon dioxide

• Great surface area (due to folds in tissue)Great surface area (due to folds in tissue)• Lower bottom jaw to draw air in, lift lower jaw to force Lower bottom jaw to draw air in, lift lower jaw to force

waste gas outwaste gas out• 20 times more oxygen than water20 times more oxygen than water


– SKIN (CUTANEOUS BREATHING)SKIN (CUTANEOUS BREATHING)


– SKIN (CUTANEOUS BREATHING)SKIN (CUTANEOUS BREATHING)•Skin is thin and moistSkin is thin and moist



•Gases passed right through skinGases passed right through skin



•Gases passed right through skinGases passed right through skin

•Mucous glands help keep skin moistMucous glands help keep skin moist

CIRCULATIONCIRCULATION

• More efficient than fishMore efficient than fish



• PARTIALLY DIVIDED HEARTPARTIALLY DIVIDED HEART– SEPTUM (wall) divides top (ATRIA) of SEPTUM (wall) divides top (ATRIA) of

heartheart




heartheart– Blood MIXES (oxygen rich and oxygen Blood MIXES (oxygen rich and oxygen

poor) in VENTRICLESpoor) in VENTRICLES




heartheart– Blood MIXES (oxygen rich and oxygen Blood MIXES (oxygen rich and oxygen

poor) in VENTRICLESpoor) in VENTRICLES– SEE PG. 742 DIAGRAMSEE PG. 742 DIAGRAM



• PARTIALLY DIVIDED HEARTPARTIALLY DIVIDED HEART– SEPTUM (wall) divides top (ATRIA) of heartSEPTUM (wall) divides top (ATRIA) of heart– Blood MIXES (oxygen rich and oxygen Blood MIXES (oxygen rich and oxygen

poor) in VENTRICLESpoor) in VENTRICLES– SEE PG. 742 DIAGRAMSEE PG. 742 DIAGRAM– Ventricle contracts and sends blood to Ventricle contracts and sends blood to

vessels of rest of bodyvessels of rest of body


• DOUBLE LOOP CIRCULATIONDOUBLE LOOP CIRCULATION


• DOUBLE LOOP CIRCULATIONDOUBLE LOOP CIRCULATION– See pg. 743 (compare fish to See pg. 743 (compare fish to

amphibians)amphibians)



amphibians)amphibians)– PULMONARY VEINS-carry oxygen rich PULMONARY VEINS-carry oxygen rich

blood from lungs to heartblood from lungs to heart




blood from lungs to heartblood from lungs to heart– Second loop carries oxygen rich blood Second loop carries oxygen rich blood

from heart to bodyfrom heart to body




blood from lungs to heartblood from lungs to heart– Second loop carries oxygen rich blood Second loop carries oxygen rich blood

from heart to bodyfrom heart to body– High pressureHigh pressure

GROUPS OF AMPHIBIANSGROUPS OF AMPHIBIANS

• 3 main groups3 main groups


• 3 main groups3 main groups– SALAMANDERS (have legs and tail)SALAMANDERS (have legs and tail)


• 3 main groups3 main groups– SALAMANDERS (have legs and tail)SALAMANDERS (have legs and tail)– CAECILLIAN (no legs)CAECILLIAN (no legs)


• 3 main groups3 main groups– SALAMANDERS (have legs and tail)SALAMANDERS (have legs and tail)– CAECILLIAN (no legs)CAECILLIAN (no legs)– FROGS/TOADS (legs, no tail)FROGS/TOADS (legs, no tail)

SALAMANDERSSALAMANDERS

• Long tailLong tail

MUDPUPPYMUDPUPPY

NEWTNEWT



• Smooth, moist skinSmooth, moist skin




• 400 species400 species





• Need to keep skin moistNeed to keep skin moist






• Active during nightActive during night







• Tongues that extend to capture preyTongues that extend to capture prey








• Lay eggs in water/moist areasLay eggs in water/moist areas








• Lay eggs in water/moist areasLay eggs in water/moist areas

• External fertilizationExternal fertilization


• Long tailLong tail• Smooth, moist skinSmooth, moist skin• 400 species400 species• Need to keep skin moistNeed to keep skin moist• Active during nightActive during night• Tongues that extend to capture preyTongues that extend to capture prey• Lay eggs in water/moist areasLay eggs in water/moist areas• External fertilizationExternal fertilization• Female picks up sperm packet and Female picks up sperm packet and

fertilizes selffertilizes self


• Long tailLong tail• Smooth, moist skinSmooth, moist skin• 400 species400 species• Need to keep skin moistNeed to keep skin moist• Active during nightActive during night• Tongues that extend to capture preyTongues that extend to capture prey• Lay eggs in water/moist areasLay eggs in water/moist areas• External fertilizationExternal fertilization• Female picks up sperm packet and fertilizes selfFemale picks up sperm packet and fertilizes self• Some retain gills into adulthood (MUD PUPPIES)Some retain gills into adulthood (MUD PUPPIES)

CAECILIANSCAECILIANS

• Burrowing amphibians (some Burrowing amphibians (some aquatic)aquatic)

CAECILLIANCAECILLIAN



• Bony scales imbedded in skinBony scales imbedded in skin




• WormlikeWormlike





• Most blindMost blind






• Teeth capture prey (worms/insects)Teeth capture prey (worms/insects)


• Burrowing amphibians (some aquatic)Burrowing amphibians (some aquatic)





• Tentacle to sense chemicals given off Tentacle to sense chemicals given off by preyby prey







• Tentacle to sense chemicals given off by Tentacle to sense chemicals given off by preyprey

• Male deposits sperm packet into femaleMale deposits sperm packet into female







• Tentacle to sense chemicals given off by preyTentacle to sense chemicals given off by prey

• Male deposits sperm packet into femaleMale deposits sperm packet into female

• Female guards eggs until hatchedFemale guards eggs until hatched

FROGS/TOADSFROGS/TOADS

• 4,000 species (ANURANS)4,000 species (ANURANS)


• 4,000 species (ANURANS)4,000 species (ANURANS)• Adults are carnivores (eat small prey)Adults are carnivores (eat small prey)


• 4,000 species (ANURANS)4,000 species (ANURANS)• Adults are carnivores (eat small prey)Adults are carnivores (eat small prey)• Long sticky tongueLong sticky tongue


• 4,000 species (ANURANS)4,000 species (ANURANS)• Adults are carnivores (eat small prey)Adults are carnivores (eat small prey)• Long sticky tongueLong sticky tongue• Skeleton adapted for jumping (fused lower spine)Skeleton adapted for jumping (fused lower spine)


• 4,000 species (ANURANS)4,000 species (ANURANS)• Adults are carnivores (eat small prey)Adults are carnivores (eat small prey)• Long sticky tongueLong sticky tongue• Skeleton adapted for jumping (fused lower spine)Skeleton adapted for jumping (fused lower spine)• Muscular legs for powerMuscular legs for power


• 4,000 species (ANURANS)4,000 species (ANURANS)• Adults are carnivores (eat small prey)Adults are carnivores (eat small prey)• Long sticky tongueLong sticky tongue• Skeleton adapted for jumping (fused lower spine)Skeleton adapted for jumping (fused lower spine)• Muscular legs for powerMuscular legs for power• Frog-smooth skin, toad-bumpy skinFrog-smooth skin, toad-bumpy skin


• 4,000 species (ANURANS)4,000 species (ANURANS)• Adults are carnivores (eat small prey)Adults are carnivores (eat small prey)• Long sticky tongueLong sticky tongue• Skeleton adapted for jumping (fused lower spine)Skeleton adapted for jumping (fused lower spine)• Muscular legs for powerMuscular legs for power• Frog-smooth skin, toad-bumpy skinFrog-smooth skin, toad-bumpy skin• Male fertilizes eggs externallyMale fertilizes eggs externally


• 4,000 species (ANURANS)4,000 species (ANURANS)• Adults are carnivores (eat small prey)Adults are carnivores (eat small prey)• Long sticky tongueLong sticky tongue• Skeleton adapted for jumping (fused lower spine)Skeleton adapted for jumping (fused lower spine)• Muscular legs for powerMuscular legs for power• Frog-smooth skin, toad-bumpy skinFrog-smooth skin, toad-bumpy skin• Male fertilizes eggs externallyMale fertilizes eggs externally• TADPOLES hatch from eggsTADPOLES hatch from eggs



– Have gills for breathingHave gills for breathing



– Have gills for breathingHave gills for breathing– Eat algaeEat algae



– Have gills for breathingHave gills for breathing– Eat algaeEat algae– Hind legs developHind legs develop



– Have gills for breathingHave gills for breathing– Eat algaeEat algae– Hind legs developHind legs develop– METAMORPHOSISMETAMORPHOSIS

AMPHIBIANS

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