Among Ge Research Sa Rondalla

7/22/2019 Among Ge Research Sa Rondalla

1/12

The rondalla is an ensemble ofstringed instrumentsplayed with theplectrumorpickand generally

known asplectrum instruments. It originated inMedieval Spain, especially inCatalunya,[1]

Aragon,

Murcia, andValencia. The tradition was later taken toSpanish Americaand elsewhere. The word

rondalla is from the Spanish ronda, meaning "serenade.

History

The rondalla has its origins in the playing bands fromSpain(as well as 'New Spain', namely

Mexico) that were forerunners of the present-day rondalla and included four types: groups of

young men who played and sang regularly in front of homes, bands of musicians known as

murza ormurgawho begged for alms, a group of musicians known as comparza who played onstage, and groups of university musicians known as estudiantina, dubbed tuna. The usual

musical instruments used by estudiantina members weremandolins,violins,guitars,flutes,

cellos,basses,tambourines,castanets, andtriangles. Estudiantina musicians in Spain andMexico, before and during the age ofmusical romanticism, wore 16th century attire such as"short velvet breeches, ornate shirts and a short cape with multicolored ribbons".

[2]

Philippines

During the Spanish period in theEast Indies, the rondalla was brought to the Philippines by the

Spaniards. In the early Philippines, certain styles were adopted by the natives, especially guitarand banduria used in thePandanggo, theJota, and thePolka. The use of the term comparza was

common, however, during the American period in the Philippines, the term rondalla became

more used. At present, rondalla, in the Philippines, refers to any group of stringed instruments

that are played using the plectrum or pick.[4]

TheFilipino instrumentsare made from indigenousPhilippine wood and the plectrum, or picks, are made fromtortoise-shell. Other stringed

instruments composing the standard Filipino rondalla are thebandurria, thelad, theoctavina,

theTwelve-string guitar, theUkulele, the bajo de uas ordouble bass, theGuitarrn mexicano,and other Filipino-made instruments modeled and developed after the guitar.

[4]The Philippine

rondallasrepertoireinclude folk songs such as theBalitaw, theKundiman, the "Zarzuela", the

"Subli", the "Harana", the "Tinikling", and the "Cariosa".
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stringed_instrumentshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stringed_instrumentshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stringed_instrumentshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plectrumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plectrumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plectrumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guitar_pickhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guitar_pickhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guitar_pickhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plucked_string_instrumenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plucked_string_instrumenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plucked_string_instrumenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spain_in_the_Middle_Ageshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spain_in_the_Middle_Ageshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spain_in_the_Middle_Ageshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalunyahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalunyahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rondalla#cite_note-GulsoyCahner1980-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rondalla#cite_note-GulsoyCahner1980-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aragonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aragonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aragonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murciahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murciahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valencian_Communityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valencian_Communityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valencian_Communityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hispanic_Americahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hispanic_Americahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hispanic_Americahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mexicohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mexicohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murgahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murgahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murgahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandolinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandolinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandolinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Violinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Violinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Violinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guitarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guitarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guitarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flutehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flutehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flutehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cellohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cellohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bass_%28instrument%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bass_%28instrument%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bass_%28instrument%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tambourinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tambourinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tambourinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Castanethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Castanethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Castanethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triangle_%28instrument%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triangle_%28instrument%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triangle_%28instrument%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romantic_musichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romantic_musichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romantic_musichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rondalla#cite_note-InsideMexico-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rondalla#cite_note-InsideMexico-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rondalla#cite_note-InsideMexico-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_East_Indieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_East_Indieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_East_Indieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandanggohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandanggohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandanggohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jotahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jotahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jotahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polkahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polkahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polkahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rondalla#cite_note-FameNYC-4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rondalla#cite_note-FameNYC-4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rondalla#cite_note-FameNYC-4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music_in_the_Philippineshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music_in_the_Philippineshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music_in_the_Philippineshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tortoisehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tortoisehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tortoisehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandurriahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandurriahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandurriahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/La%C3%BAdhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/La%C3%BAdhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/La%C3%BAdhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Octavinahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Octavinahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Octavinahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twelve-string_guitarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twelve-string_guitarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twelve-string_guitarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ukulelehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ukulelehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ukulelehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Double_basshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Double_basshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Double_basshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guitarr%C3%B3n_mexicanohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guitarr%C3%B3n_mexicanohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guitarr%C3%B3n_mexicanohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rondalla#cite_note-FameNYC-4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rondalla#cite_note-FameNYC-4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rondalla#cite_note-FameNYC-4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/String_instrument_repertoirehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/String_instrument_repertoirehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/String_instrument_repertoirehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Balitaw&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Balitaw&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Balitaw&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kundimanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kundimanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kundimanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zarzuelahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zarzuelahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zarzuelahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sublihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sublihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sublihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haranahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haranahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haranahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiniklinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiniklinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiniklinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cari%C3%B1osahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cari%C3%B1osahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cari%C3%B1osahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cari%C3%B1osahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiniklinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haranahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sublihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zarzuelahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kundimanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Balitaw&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/String_instrument_repertoirehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rondalla#cite_note-FameNYC-4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guitarr%C3%B3n_mexicanohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Double_basshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ukulelehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twelve-string_guitarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Octavinahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/La%C3%BAdhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandurriahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tortoisehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music_in_the_Philippineshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rondalla#cite_note-FameNYC-4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polkahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jotahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandanggohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_East_Indieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rondalla#cite_note-InsideMexico-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romantic_musichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triangle_%28instrument%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Castanethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tambourinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bass_%28instrument%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cellohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flutehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guitarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Violinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandolinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murgahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mexicohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hispanic_Americahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valencian_Communityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murciahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aragonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rondalla#cite_note-GulsoyCahner1980-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalunyahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spain_in_the_Middle_Ageshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plucked_string_instrumenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guitar_pickhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plectrumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stringed_instruments


2/12

Rondalla

In 1800s Spain brought the rondalla in the Philippines. Rondalla is a traditional ensemble that became a

part of philippine history and one of the most revived musical tradition practices of Filipinos. It is

prominent in rural community by providing accompaniment to folk dancing and singing . The Philippine

rondalla developed into an elaborate instrumental group. In addition to the bandurria, laud, and guitar

of the Spanish rondalla, Filipinos added the octavina, bass, and optional instruments such as the piccolo

bandurria, mandola, and various percussion instruments.

La Libertad is a local government unit and one of the many government and private institutions wants topursue the unending quest of Filipino cultural heritage of plucked string ensembles which became the

trademarks of the country. Mayor Jocelyn Limkaichong was the mother of La Libertad Childrens

Rondalla, valuing the Filipino culture was one of her thrust in organizing the ensemble during her

incumbency in February 2006. When rondalla ensemble became a valuable artistic medium in fostering

the cultural identity of the town the awareness of the ensemble become widespread and many parents

appreciated the project.
http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_zjv5S2JFcsQ/RwCiXhh0QyI/AAAAAAAAAAs/iZ87v0Xa8ZQ/s1600-h/Graphic1.jpg


3/12

The achievements of La Libertad Childrens

rondalla was a remarkable, six months after the group joined a major competition for the first time in

the Buglasan 2006 Rondalla Junior Division. It was a dramatic victory, being the champion, they will

represent the province in the 2nd International Rondalla Fiestival Cuerdas sa Panaghiusa which

brought La Libertad on top in the aspect of culture and arts.

Rondalla Instruments

The instruments of the standard Filipino rondalla have similarities in structure and

are played with a plectrum made out of turtle shell. Except for the guitar and bass

guitar(double bass), all are 14-stringed consisting of six(6) sets of stringstunedin the

intervals of fourths, each set consisting of 1, 2 or 3 string/s. The purpose of the

doubling or tripling of strings is to produce better sound and increase tone volume.
http://jayars.tripod.com/tuning.htmlhttp://jayars.tripod.com/tuning.htmlhttp://jayars.tripod.com/tuning.htmlhttp://2.bp.blogspot.com/_zjv5S2JFcsQ/RwCkZxh0QzI/AAAAAAAAAA0/OnP3eFn05DE/s1600-h/IMG_6835.JPGhttp://2.bp.blogspot.com/_zjv5S2JFcsQ/RwCkZxh0QzI/AAAAAAAAAA0/OnP3eFn05DE/s1600-h/IMG_6835.JPGhttp://jayars.tripod.com/tuning.html


4/12

The main parts of the stringed instruments of the rondalla are basically the same. A

hollow body(sound box) constructed of a sound board(top plate), which is attached

to a back board(back plate) by side walls(rims) form the main body of the

instrument. The sound board picks up and amplifies the vibrations of the strings. The

nice-figured body(sound box) is attached to one end of a narrow neck against which

the strings can be shortened by pressing the fingers on the fingerboard to vary the

vibrating length and thus the pitch. The neck ends in the tuning head which has theworm and gear mechanism to adjust the tension of the strings when tuning the

instrument. There is a string holder(tailpiece) at the bottom of the body and a bridge

on which the strings are stretched, so that they can vibrate freely. The sound holes

with a round shape, except the laud which is f-shape, have a great influence on the

timbre of the instrument. Basically, they communicate the volume of air inside the


5/12

instrument with the outside air which is the medium in which the waves are carried

from the instrument. The size and openness of the holes influences the frequency of

the vibrating mass of air within the instrument and therefore the selective

reinforcement of certain notes. The holes also influence the flexibility of the

soundboard and consequently affect its vibrational patterns. Tops, backs, and sides

are carefully selected and graduated to enhance their natural attributes. Every piece

of wood from the neck to the smallest brace is acoustically matched to obtain the

highest performance from each instrument. The wood of langka, kamagong, narra,

ballatinao, tanguile, and Philippine mahogany were generally used as materials for

the construction of the instrument. Although the imported pine wood and rosewood

continued to be used by some.

In an 8-member rondalla, it is advisable to have 4 bandurrias, 1 laud, 1 octavina, 1

guitar, and 1 double bass. The 30-member group has 16 bandurrias, 3 piccolos, 3

lauds, 3 octavinas, 3 guitars, and 2 basses.The number of percussion instruments in

both small and large combination is optional.

In the modern version, these instruments can portray the corresponding tones of

orchestral instruments. The bandurria does the role of the first violin, the clarinet, the

flute, and the trumpet. Its lowest note is small F# while its highest is three-line G. The

laud, which is at times interchanged with the octavina, performs the role of the viola,the cello, the bassoon, the horn, or the trombone in the orchestra. Its range extends

from great F# to two-line G. The octavina carries the same range as the laud. The

guitar furnishes the chores and the contra-bass. It is notated an octave higher than its

actual sound. Its range extends from great E to three-line E. The bass-guitar supplies

the base in the harmony in the same manner as the the contra-bass does in the

orchestra. Like the guitar, the bass-guitar is notated an octave higher than its real

sound which is from contra-E to small A.

Other instruments in the string and percussion sections are added when the rondalla

must assume a symphonic stature. In this case the number of players increaseproportionately doubling or tripling the number of original and authentic instruments

of the group. The bass drum, snare drum, cymbal, triangle, tambourine, marimba,

timpani and kettle may be added for the rhythmic effects. The UPA&F Rondalla uses

the maracasin one of their musical rendition. Maracas are gourd or gourd-shaped

rattles filled with seeds or pebbles and used often in pairs as a rhythmic instrument.


6/12

Guitar

Six(6)-stringed with long fretted neck which can be plucked with the fingers or with a plectrum,larger body as the octavina with round sound hole, plays the accompaniments, but it also plays

melodies and counterparts, provides the permanent rhythm for the group using chordal andarpeggio accompaniments.

Laud

Shaped like the bandurria, but it is bigger with a longer neck and with two fsound holes, usually

plays the lower notes in accompaniments, counterparts, and in unison with the bass. The old

original laud, better known as the "lute", has a round body in the shape of a half pear, a flat neckwith seven or more frets, and a separate pegbox bent back at an angle.


7/12

Bandurria

Pear-shaped body, with round sound hole, the mainstay of the group and usually carries the mainmelody, plays melodies and counterparts. Bandurrias may be divided into first, second, and third,

each one playing a different part.

Octavina

Formed like a guitar with shorter neck, with round sound hole, like the laud plays the lower notesin accompaniments, counterparts, and in unison with the bass, tuned like the laud


8/12

Double Bass

The double bass, also called bass VIOL or contrabass is four(4)-stringed, the largest instrumentof the rondalla, shaped like the violin with two fsound holes, provides the fundamental tome and

reinforces the rhythm. Until 1910, the bass-guitar was just a little bit bigger than the ordinaryguitar, and was played in the same manner as the guitar, placed on the lap. Later, the bass-guitar

adapted a tailpiece, and was henceforth played with the player standing up. In the interior of thebass, a small piece of round wood is fixed immediately behind the right foot of the bridge, to act

as a support. It is called the 'sound post'. Under the bridge's left foot a strip of wood known as the

'bass bar' is glued lengthways along the belly


9/12

Rondalla Composers

Toribio David

Born in Hermosa, Bataan and was superintendent of schools in Bataan and

Albay. He is unknown to many musicians, although he is a prolific composer

having produced a thick volume of compositions for the military band, small

orchestra and rondalla. "Hermosa at Dawn" and the "The Rival" are two of his

many overtures for the rondalla. These two works were published in the

Musical Journal of Delphin R. Manlapaz.

Antonio J. Molina

He is well known in the field of composition and cello playing. He has written

several pieces for the rondalla, among them "The Evolution of Paru-Parong

Bukid" a variation on the folk song. This was played by the Rondalla, Orchestra

and Philharmonic Band of the Yellow Taxicab Company in 1941. Molina has

also produced literature.

Capt.Fulgencio Gragera

A composition graduate of the Conservatory of Music, University of the

Philippines, he won first prizein the rondalla composition contest launched by

the Taliba newspaper. His medley of folk songs was used as the contest piece

in the Taliba-sponsored rondalla contest in 1970. The folk songs in the medley

were "Sa Libis ng Nayon", "Pobreng Alindahaw", "Dandansoy",

"Pamulinawen", "Sarung Banggi", "Bahay Kubo", and "O Kaka, O Kaka".

Bayani Mendoza De Leon

A composition graduate of the Centro Escolar University Conservatory of

Music, he is a writer and a versatile performer on the flute and on rondalla

instruments. In 1968 he conducted the C.E.U. Rondalla in a concert featuring
http://jayars.tripod.com/bayani.htmlhttp://jayars.tripod.com/bayani.htmlhttp://jayars.tripod.com/bayani.html


10/12

his compositions. His symphonic poem "Batong-Buhay" and his "Tatlong

Bulaklak" were played. He referred to "Batong-Buhay" as the "first serious

attempt to transform the rondalla into a symphonic entity". He added that

"the attempt in rondalla composition is to achieve two goals: (1) to show the

capacity of the rondalla in interpreting classical music and (2) to give the

rondalla a symphonic status".

Octavio V. Cruz

An operatic-tenor and a public-school teacher, he wrote music for the

rondalla, one of them "March on, Youth" which was published in Manlapaz's

Musical Journal.

Lucino T. Sacramento

He is a charter member of the Filipino Composer's League, a faculty member

of the C.E.U. Conservatory of Music and other music schools, and a composer

of operas and concertos. He wrote music for the rondalla.

Jerry Dadap

An enterprising young musician with a Bachelor of Music degree from theUniversity of the Philippines Conservatory of Music, he has ventured to write

music for the rondalla in a larger scope. He has a rondalla group in addition to

his several choirs, one of them being the Andres Bonifacio Choir which is an

offshoot of his musical "Andres Bonifacio, Ang Dakilang Anak Pawis".


11/12

Classification of Musical Instruments

Musical Instruments are classifed according to five major catergories, based on the sound

produced by the vibrating material. This system of classification was invented by musicologistCurt Sachs, and it is now universally accepted. This system was later named the Sachs-

Hornbostel system.

1) Idiophones - Self sounding instruments. They are of naturally sonourous material. They may

be struck, shaken, plucked, or rubbed. A few examples of struck idiophones are bells, cymbals,

and lithophones. Shaken Idiophones are rattles. An example of plucked idiophones are harps, and

an example of rubbed idiophones are harmonicas.

2) Membranophones - Instruments producing sound by means of a stretched skin, or

membrane. Some examples are kettledrums, snare drums, and tambourines. Some of these drums

are rubbed instead of struck.

3) Aerophones - Wind instruments. The sound is caused by vibrating air. In Tubular

Aerophones, the air is inclosed in a tube in 3 ways: 1) Trumpets and Horns - The players

compressed lips set the air into motion 2) Reed Instruments (clarinet, saxaphone, oboe) - a single

or double beeting reed sets the air into motion 3) Flutes: The sharp edge of a hole, against which

the players breath is directed, sets the air into motion

Most saxophones, flutes, and many clarinets are made of metal. Horns and trumpets haven beenmade of other materials such as wood, ivory tusk, animal horn, gold, and clay.

4) Chordophones - String instruments. 4 types: a) Zithers - neckless instruments, with strings

stretched from end to end of a board. They are struck or plucked. b) Lutes - instruments with

necks. They may be plucked or bowed. c) Lyres - Instruments with two projecting arms linked

by a crossbar. May be plucked or bowed d) Harps - instruments in which the string's plane is at

an angle, rather than parallel to the sound board.

5) Electrophones Instruments using electronic circuits. Amplification of Sound - May use an

electronic circuit to reinforce means of amplification. Examples: Electric guitar, electric piano


12/12

Among Ge Research Sa Rondalla

Documents

Transcript of Among Ge Research Sa Rondalla