Ammonia Ref Cycle
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Transcript of Ammonia Ref Cycle
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AMMONIA ABSORPTION
REFRIGERATION PLANTS (AARP)
TRANSPARENT ENERGY SYSTEMS PRIVATE LIMITEDE-mail : [email protected] , Website :www.tesplaarp.com.
Steam / Heat Driven
With Knowhow from world leaders Mattes
AG., Germany.
Wide refrigeration temperatures from + 5oC to
55oC.
Accepts Heat source of 85oC.
No moving parts, except a robust centrifugal
pump.
High availability reliability, low maintenance.
Fully automatic. No running attention
required.
Outdoor / rooftop installation possible.
Long life even beyond 40 years.
Best efficiency up to 30% of rated capacity.
Oil-free refrigerant, no fouling problems.Ecofriendly, Complies montreal protocol
sustainable development initiatives.
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Ammonia Absorption Refrigeration process was invented in 1850 by Ferdinand
P.E. Carre.
Transparent Energy offers Ammonia Absorption Refrigeration Plants with
technology evolved and perfected over 80 years from world leaders Mattes AG.,
Germany.
AARP ideally fit into the concept of Integrated Energy Systems such as
Cogeneration involving Combined generation, Heat refrigeration & Power (CHRP
Plants) on various fuels like Biomass, Coal, Natural Gas, Heavy Oil etc.
AARP is the first choice of refrigeration on low cost steam / heat produced from
fuels like biomass / coal / heavy fuel oil / natural gas or renewable sources like solar,
geothermal etc.
AARP is excellent energy conservation system to convert waste heat into useful
refrigeration.
AARP earns Carbon Credits, reduces CO2 emission tax and promotes
sustainable development initiatives through energy conservation.
AARP uses Ammonia which is known to be one of best ecofriendly refrigerants.
AARP replaces hazardous ozone depleting CFC Refrigerants.
AARP has wide operating range of +5oC to 55oC.
AARP has extreme reliability and very low maintenance because it has no moving
parts except a dependable centrifugal pump.
AARP has long life of atleast 25 years. Many plants are in operation for more than 40
years.
Air cooled AARPs are offered in following two types.
Type 1 Using Air cooled remote radiators for heat rejection. The heat from cooling
water is rejected in Air cooled fan assisted heat exchangers. The condenser and
absorber of AARP is water cooled.
Type 2 Ammonia condenser is direct Air Cooled and Absorber is cooled by air
cooled remote radiator as in type 1.
Ammonia Absorption Refrigeration Plants the ideal
refrigeration system for new millenium.
Air Cooled Ammonia Absorption Refrigeration
Plants a boon for Industries having water scarcity.
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Typical Industrial Applications
Freeze Drying
Food Refrigeration
Cold Storages
Dairies
Ice Making Plants / Ice Storage.
Ice Cream Plants
Meat Processing
Fish Processing Industries.
Blast FreezingSolvent Recovery
Food & Pharmaceuticals
Refineries
Fertilizer Plants
Bulk Drug Plants
Pesticide PlantsAmmonia Recovery from Liquor Ammonia
from Chemical Processes.
Solvent Recovery
Vapor Ammonia Recovery Chemical
Processes
Chemical & Process Industries
Cogeneration Systems & Power Plants
Waste heat utilization from Reciprocating
Engine Jacket Water & Exhaust Gas
Heat utilization from Gas Turbine exhaust
LP steam from steam turbine exhaust
Gas Turbine inlet air cooling
Heat from solar, geothermal sources.
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Exclusive Features
Heat Exchangers as per AD Merck Blatter.
Factory fabricated assembled & modular in
construction. Therefore site work is minimal.
Operating settings can be changed without
change of Hardware Components.
A) Design & Material of Construction :
B) Safety & Reliability :
Reliable control instruments for proper
monitoring of various parameters and
interlocks.
Systems is controlled through full proof(fool proof?) PLC based control.
D) Capacity & Operating Control of
Parameters for Fluctuating Loads& Other Parameters :
System can modulate without loss of
efficiency over 30 to 100% capacity.
Systems can work automatically even on 0
to 100% load variation.
System restarts quickly on supply of electric
power even after interruption of 20 to 30
minutes and power failure for 20 minutes.
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Ammonia Absorption Refrigeration Standard Models
ModelLowest Refrigeration Temp
(Ammonia Evaporation Temp)
Highest Capacities Refrigeration
(TR)
AK 5 -30 3AK 10 -30 7
AK 25 -30 15
AK 50 -30 25
AK 70 -30 40
AK 100 -55 50
AK 150 -55 75
AK 200 -55 100
AK 250 -55 125
AK 300 -55 150
AK 400 -55 200
AK 500 -55 250
AK 600 -55 300
AK 750 -55 375
AK 900 -55 450
AK 1200 -55 600
AK 1600 -55 800
AK 2000 -55 1000
Note :
Refrigeration Capacities & other parameters operation mentioned in above table are indicative only.
Exact values depend on various parameters like Heat source temp, Cooling water temp.
Refrigeration temp. etc. exact technical specification are application specific and are offered on case
to case basis.
Refrigeration capacities higher than AK 2000 are met with multiple standard models installed in
parallel or with custom designed plants.
Typical Heat Sources for
Ammonia Absorption Refrigeration Plants.
Steam
Hot water
Superheated water
Hot oil
Direct heating
Engine / Gas Turbine / Furnace Exhaust
Low pressure steam from steam turbine exhaust or similar
sourceWaste heat sources from Industrial processes
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Liquid ammonia evaporates in the
evaporator (HE1) to give the
refrigeration effect.
Ammonia vapours from evaporator are
used for sub-cooling (HE2) the liquidammonia supplied to evaporator. This
improves energy efficiency of the plant.
Ammonia vapours are absorbed in
absorber (HE3). The heat of absorption
is removed by cooling water.
The strong ammonia solution is pumped
to desorber (HE4).
Heat is supplied in the desorber to boil
off the ammonia from strong solution.
These vapours also contain some watervapours due to affinity between ammonia
and water.
The ammonia vapours are rectified
(purified) in the rectifying column (HE5)
and generate pure ammonia vapours.
These vapours are condensed (HE6)
and liquid ammonia is stored in the
receiver (V).
The receiver supplies liquid ammonia to
evaporatorWeak ammonia solution in the desorber
is sent to absorber for absorption.
A solution heat exchanger (HE7) is
provided to cool the weak solution
before entering the absorber and
preheat the strong solution before
entering the desorber. This greatly
improves of energy efficiency of the
plant.
The traces of water in the evaporatorare bleed from evaporator to absorber
through Bleed Heat Exchanger (HE8).
Bleed Heat Exchanger further subcools
liquid ammonia and improves
efficiency.
Typical Ammonia Absorption Refrigeration Plant
with single stage Absorption & single stage Desorption.
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Steam / Heat
Supply
WEAK SOLUTION
AMMONIA VAPOUR
COOLING WATER
BRINE
STEAM
CONDENSATE
RICH SOLUTION
LIQUID AMMONIA
Ammonia
Desorber
RectificationColumn
Ammonia
Condenser
Liquid
Ammonia
Receiver
Sub-cooler
Ammonia Evaporator/
Brine chillerAmmonia
Absorber
Solution heat
exchanger
Solution
Pump LiquidAmmonia bleed
Liquid
Ammonia
Reflux
HE5
HE4 Poor / Weak
Solution
Strong Solution
HE3
HE7
Cooling
Water
HE8
HE2
Liquid Ammonia
( V )
Vapor
AmmoniaCooling
Water
Bleed HeatExchanger
HE1
Brine
Vapor Ammonia
HE6
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Single stage Ammonia Absorption Refrigeration Plants are used for refrigeration
temperatures ranging from +5 to 55 Deg.C, heat source temperature requirement varies
from 95 Deg.C to 180 Deg.C.
These plants are used when
two different refrigeration
temperatures have to be
achieved from the same plant
and capacity requirements for
both the stages is large and
comparable to each other.
The absorption of refrigerant
vapours at different temperatures
is done by the same stream of
solution in successive manner.
This reduces the solution
circulation losses. The
requirement of heat source
temperature is comparable with
singe stage plants. These plants
have improved COP and power
consumption compared to two
separate single stage plants.
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AARP with single stage Absorption & single Stage
Desorption.
AARP having two stages of Absorption.
Qo REFRIGERATION CAPACITY
Qh REQUIRED HEAT SUPPLY
th HEAT, TEMPERATURE (SATUR, STEAM)
tw COOLING WATER SUPPLY TEMPERATURE
th = 140oC
284oF
th = 120oC
248oF
th = 100oC
212oF
th = 80oC
76oF
th = 200oC
392oF
th = 180oC
356oF
th = 160oC
320oF
0.70Qo/Qh
(COP)
0.60
0.50
0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10-60oC
-76oF
-50oC
-58oF
-40oC
-40oF
-30oC
-22oF
-20oC
-4oF
-10oC
14oF
00C
32oF
AMMONIA
ABSORPTION REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS
HEAT RATIO (COP) Qo/Qh = f(to)tw
=35oC
(95oF)tw
=25oC(
77oF)
tw=1
5oC(59
oF)
Evaporation Temperature to
Rectifying
Column
CondenserCooling
Water
Receiver
Heat
Source
Desorber
HeatExchanger
Cooling
Water
Absorber 1
Absorber 2
CoolingWater
PumpNH3 Bleed
Evaporator 1
Evaporator 2
Subcooler
POOR SOLUTION
RICH SOLUTION
AMMONIA VAPOUR
AMMONIA LIQUID
COOLING WATER
AMMONIA REFLUX
STEAM
CONDENSATE
Bleed Heat
Exchanger
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The desorption of refrigerant vapours is done at two places, with an intermediate absorption
stage.Due to desorption at two places.
These plants are used formeeting low temperature
refrigeration requirements
using heat source relatively
at lower temperature
compared to single stage
plant. Typically for
refrigeration temperature
range of 5 to 55 Deg.C.
AARP Two Stage Plants having Two Desorption Stages
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Rectifying
Column CondenserCoolingWater
Receiver
Heat
Source
Desorber 1
Heat
Exchanger
Cooling
Water
Cooling
Water
Pump
NH3 Bleed
Evaporator
Subcooler
POOR SOLUTIONRICH SOLUTION
AMMONIA VAPOURAMMONIA LIQUIDCOOLING WATERAMMONIA REFLUXSTEAMCONDENSATE
Desorber 2
Absorber
Heat Exchanger
Heat
Source
Bleed Heat
Exchanger
AARP working on waste heat from Reciprocating Engine Jacket
water & exhaust heat recovery Boiler
Steam / Heat
To
Process Plant
Hot Water driven
Ammonia Absorption
Refrigeration Plant
Reciprocating
Engine
Genset
Heavy Fuel Oil / Natural
Gas /
Diesel fuel
Exhaust Heat
Recovery
Steam Boiler or
Hot Water Generator
Ice Bank
Tank
Process
Chilled Water
Exhaust Gas to stack
Exhaust Gas from Engine
Electrical
Power for
ProcessJacket Hot Water
Elect.
Power
Refrigeration
To Process
Refrigeration
Steam / Heat driven
Ammonia Absorption
Refrigeration Plant
Steam / Heat
The exhaust heat from the engine is used for generating steam for process requirement or to drive
AARP. The heat from engine jacket hot water is used for driving an Ammonia Absorption Refrigeration
Plant with or without Ice Bank Tank.
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Stand-alone AARPs Using heat / steam from agrofuel / coal
fired Boilers / Heaters.
Cooling Tower
Agrofuel Fired
Hot Water
Generator
STEAM / HEAT
AMMONIA ABSORPTION
REFRIGERATION
PLANT
ICE Plant
LiquidAmmonia
Vapour
Ammonia
Condensate
Steam / Heat
Coldstorages operated by AARP driven on Coal / Agrofuel
Fired Boilers / Hot Water Generator
Conventionally cold storages are driven by Compression Cycle Refrigeration Plants. The risingelectricity cost and poor availability of electricity has adversely affected the viability of cold
storages. The cold storages for vegetables, agro-products, fish and meat products are generally
located in remote and agriculturally rich area. The cost of electricity dominates the running cost of
cold storage.
Advantages of Cold Storages driven by AARP.
Diesel / Kerosene
Fired D.G.Set for
Auxillary Power
Cooling Tower
Ammonia Absorption
Refrigeration PlantHot Water Generator
Fuel : Bagasse,
Rice Husk
Coal
Standby D.G.
Set
Hot Water Supply
To AARP Liquid Ammonia For
Refrigeration
Vapor
Ammonia
Hot
WaterReturn
Cold StorageExhaust Heat
Recovery System
50000 kcal
The total electricity requirement reduces substantially. A small DG set is adequate for
auxiliary power needs of cold storage.
The bio-mass and other agro-fuels available locally can be used to drive AARP. The
operating cost and maintenance cost of the cold storage is therefore very low.
The cold storage can store a wide range of products at different temp. due to versatile
AARP.
Any other simultaneous refrigeration load such as Ice Plant or Milk Chilling can be met
with the same plant.
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Pasteurization of milk involves heating and
chilling of milk in predetermined cycle. Also
there are other chilling loads such as milk
cold storage. There are additional heating
loads such as ghee or butter boiling,
milkcan washing etc.
Conventionally in a small scale dairy
industry (typically 50000 lit/day milk
handling capacity), the heating of milk is
done by an oil/gas fired hot water generator
or steam boiler and chilling is done by a
electrically driven compression cycle
refrigeration plant coupled to an Ice Bank
Tank. The rising cost of fuel oil as well as
electric power has increased the cost ofmilk processing substantially, adversely
affecting the viability of small scale dairy
plants.
A bio-mass/ Coal fired steam boiler /
Hot water generator combined with use of
AARP for Pasteurization of Milk with Combined Heating
and Cooling on Agro Fuel Fired Boilers
AARP for refrigeration substantially reduces the cost of milk processing. Modern pollution control
equipments such as cyclone separators and or bag filters are provided for clean and smoke-less
exhaust from Boiler.
Waste Heat Utilization by AARP for Ice Production / Cold
Storage / Brine Chilling
There are many unutilized Industrial
waste heat sources like Incinerator or
Furnace hot gases, process waste heat
etc.
Also many industries such as steel mills,
textile spinning mills, generate waste
heat.
Heat is rejected from captive power
plants to atmosphere both through
exhaust gas & jacket cooling water.
A Heat Recovery Steam Boiler or Hot
Xxxxxxxx 9 Page
Agro Fuel Fired /
Steam Boiler / Hot
Water Generator
Heat
Exchanger
Ghee Boiler
Steam / Heat driven
Ammonia Absorption
Refrigeration Plant
Ice Bank
Tank
Pasteuriser
Chilled Water
NH3 Vapour
Chilled
Water
NH3
Liquid
Hot Water
Supply
Coal /
Agro Fuel /Biomass Fuel
Hot Water
Return
Hot Water
Supply
ICE
Production
Exhaust Waste Heat from
Incinerator / Furnace / Process
Waste Heat
Recovery Steam Boiler /
Hot Water Generator
Exhaust Gas Out
Steam / Heat driven
Ammonia Absorption
Refrigeration Plant
Steam / Heat
Cold StorageBrine
Chilling
Water Generator can be installed to recover such waste heats from these exhaust gases. The steam /
heat output from the exhaust heat recovery Boilers is then used for driving an Ammonia Absorption
Refrigeration Plant for producing block ice. This ice can be sold as a by-product to bulk as well as
retail consumers in the local area such as dairies, fisheries etc. Alternatively, Brine Chilling as a cold
storage of suitable capacity can be operated using the exhaust heat.
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Transparent Group of CompaniesTransparent group companies, are technology leaders working in the field of Co-generation Systems, Ammonia Absorption
Refrigeration Plants (AARP), Energy Conservation Contracts, Water Recycling Plants. Superefficient Boilers, Heat Recovery
Systems, Pollution control, Drying Plants etc.
Business groups, Products & SystemsTransparent Energy Systems Private Limited
Our company was incorporated on 16 th April, 1986 with the name of Vapor Energy Machines Private Limited. The first commercial production was
started in January, 1988. The name of the company was changed from Vapor Energy Machines Private Limited to Transparent Energy SystemsPrivate Limited on 18th December, 1995.
1. Co-generation Systems - www.tesplcogen.com
Cogeneration Systems involving combined generation of
- Power - Heat - Refrigeration / Chilling - Water Recycling / Desalination by multistage evaporation.
Fuels and energy sources for Cogeneration.
- Natural Gas - Heavy Fuel Oil (HFO) - Coal - Process Waste Heat
- Biogas - HSD / Kerosene / LDO - Biomass
Types of Cogeneration Systems
- Steam Engine / Turbine Based Co-generation - Reciprocating Engine Generator Based Co-generation - Gas Turbine Based Co-generation
Type of Industries
- Dairies - Paper Mills - Textile Industries - Software Parks - Chemicals & Process Industries
- Hotels - Ceramic Industries - Commercial Complexes - Sugar Industries - Residential Complexes
- Food Industries - Cement - Steel - Five Star Industrial Estate
2. Ammonia Absorption Refrigeration Plants- www.tesplaarp.com
- Refrigerant Evaporators - Refrigerant Circulation Systems - Air Handling Units - Accessories
- Flash Vessels - Ammonia Vaporizers - Turnkey Refrigeration Contracts.
3. Heat Recovery Systems www.heatrecovery-system.com
Waste Heat Recovery Boilers - Finned Tube - Water Tube - Smoke Tube
Waste Heat Recovery Thermic Fluid Heaters
Heat Recovery & Efficiency improvement Retrofits
- Combustion Air Preheater - Economisers ( Smoke tube / water tube / finned tube type) - Condensate Recovery Systems
- Blow Down Heat Recovery Systems - Flash Steam Recovery Systems
4. Boilers & Heaters www.tespl.com- 96% Superefficient Oil / Gas Fuelled Boilers - 93% Superefficient Thermic Fluid Heaters / Hot Air Generators
- 89% Superefficient Agrofuelled / Coal Fired Boilers. - Superefficient High Pressure steam Boilers, (Oil / Gas / Coal / Biomass Fire
for Cogeneration application
5. Energy Conservation Projects www.tespl.com
Conservation of Electrical heating to Steam / Thermic Fluid / Hot Water Heating
6. Water Treatment Plants & Other Accessories www.tespl.com
- Feed Water Deaerators - Pressure Reducing Station
- Water Softners - High / Low pressure chemical dosing systems
- Demineralising Plants - Structural / Self supported / Guyrope supported Steel Chimney / Stacks
- Sand Filters - Fuel Storage & Handling Systems.
- Activated Carbon Filters - Moisture Seperators
Transparent Technologies Private Limited
7. Evaporation, Water Recycling & zero effluent discharge plants www.waterrecyclingplant.com
Hot Water / Steam Driven Multistage Evaporators for continuous water distillation, desalination, product concentration & crystallization.
- Falling Film Evaporators - Rising Film Evaporators - Plate Evaporators - Fluidized Bed evaporators
- Natural Circulation Evaporators - Forced Circulation Evaporators - Counterflow Evaporators
- Assisted Circulation Evaporators - Agitated Evaporators - Spiral Tube Evaporators
8. Dryers www.ttplpune.com
- Spray Dryers - Fluid Bed Dryers / Coolers / Agglomerators - Fluidized Bed Incinerators / Calciners
- Flash Dryers - Paddle Dryers / Vacuum Paddle Dryers - Dry Powder Mixing Systems and Granulators
- Spray Coolers - Spray Reactors cum Dryers - Disintegrators & Pulvarisers- Fluidized Bed / Spray Dryers - Homogenizers and Dispersion Mills
9. Pollution Control Group www.air-pollutioncontrol.com
Incinerators
- Spray Dryer cum Combustion Chamber Incinerators
- Fluidized Bed Incinerators for Liquids and Solids & Gases - Packaged Fixed Grate Incinerators for Solids
- Liquid / Gas Incinerators - Fluidized Bed Paint Stripping Systems for Paint Coating
Air Pollution Control
C l / M lti B Filt W t / V t i S bb M h i l D t C ll t Fl G D l h i ti Pl t