Ammonia, Particles and Health - UNECE€¦ · reactions with nitrogen oxides (NOx) and sulfur...
Transcript of Ammonia, Particles and Health - UNECE€¦ · reactions with nitrogen oxides (NOx) and sulfur...
![Page 1: Ammonia, Particles and Health - UNECE€¦ · reactions with nitrogen oxides (NOx) and sulfur oxides (SO2) • Ammonia (>90% agriculture) more important than NOx (~traffic) and SO2](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022090608/605e48bd36bbf076c173ad9e/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Ammonia, Particles and Health
Bert Brunekreef, PhDInstitute for Risk Assessment Sciences
Utrecht University, NL
![Page 2: Ammonia, Particles and Health - UNECE€¦ · reactions with nitrogen oxides (NOx) and sulfur oxides (SO2) • Ammonia (>90% agriculture) more important than NOx (~traffic) and SO2](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022090608/605e48bd36bbf076c173ad9e/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Ammonia all by itself…
• Odor threshold ~ 3 mg/m3• Irritation at ~20 mg/m3• Outdoor concentrations typically < 0.05 mg/m3
![Page 3: Ammonia, Particles and Health - UNECE€¦ · reactions with nitrogen oxides (NOx) and sulfur oxides (SO2) • Ammonia (>90% agriculture) more important than NOx (~traffic) and SO2](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022090608/605e48bd36bbf076c173ad9e/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Ammonia contributes significantly to formation of Secondary Inorganic Aerosols (SIA ~ Ammonium Sulfates and Nitrates) which make up a large part of Fine Particles, PM2.5
![Page 4: Ammonia, Particles and Health - UNECE€¦ · reactions with nitrogen oxides (NOx) and sulfur oxides (SO2) • Ammonia (>90% agriculture) more important than NOx (~traffic) and SO2](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022090608/605e48bd36bbf076c173ad9e/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
![Page 5: Ammonia, Particles and Health - UNECE€¦ · reactions with nitrogen oxides (NOx) and sulfur oxides (SO2) • Ammonia (>90% agriculture) more important than NOx (~traffic) and SO2](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022090608/605e48bd36bbf076c173ad9e/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
AE 2013
![Page 6: Ammonia, Particles and Health - UNECE€¦ · reactions with nitrogen oxides (NOx) and sulfur oxides (SO2) • Ammonia (>90% agriculture) more important than NOx (~traffic) and SO2](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022090608/605e48bd36bbf076c173ad9e/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
![Page 7: Ammonia, Particles and Health - UNECE€¦ · reactions with nitrogen oxides (NOx) and sulfur oxides (SO2) • Ammonia (>90% agriculture) more important than NOx (~traffic) and SO2](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022090608/605e48bd36bbf076c173ad9e/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
![Page 8: Ammonia, Particles and Health - UNECE€¦ · reactions with nitrogen oxides (NOx) and sulfur oxides (SO2) • Ammonia (>90% agriculture) more important than NOx (~traffic) and SO2](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022090608/605e48bd36bbf076c173ad9e/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
![Page 9: Ammonia, Particles and Health - UNECE€¦ · reactions with nitrogen oxides (NOx) and sulfur oxides (SO2) • Ammonia (>90% agriculture) more important than NOx (~traffic) and SO2](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022090608/605e48bd36bbf076c173ad9e/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
![Page 10: Ammonia, Particles and Health - UNECE€¦ · reactions with nitrogen oxides (NOx) and sulfur oxides (SO2) • Ammonia (>90% agriculture) more important than NOx (~traffic) and SO2](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022090608/605e48bd36bbf076c173ad9e/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
2014
![Page 11: Ammonia, Particles and Health - UNECE€¦ · reactions with nitrogen oxides (NOx) and sulfur oxides (SO2) • Ammonia (>90% agriculture) more important than NOx (~traffic) and SO2](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022090608/605e48bd36bbf076c173ad9e/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Current scientific evidence considers the major PM2.5 components ~ equally hazardous; so, the contribution of NH3emissions to adverse health effects of PM2.5 is likely to be large
![Page 12: Ammonia, Particles and Health - UNECE€¦ · reactions with nitrogen oxides (NOx) and sulfur oxides (SO2) • Ammonia (>90% agriculture) more important than NOx (~traffic) and SO2](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022090608/605e48bd36bbf076c173ad9e/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
2013
![Page 13: Ammonia, Particles and Health - UNECE€¦ · reactions with nitrogen oxides (NOx) and sulfur oxides (SO2) • Ammonia (>90% agriculture) more important than NOx (~traffic) and SO2](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022090608/605e48bd36bbf076c173ad9e/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
2015
PM2.5
Nitrate
![Page 14: Ammonia, Particles and Health - UNECE€¦ · reactions with nitrogen oxides (NOx) and sulfur oxides (SO2) • Ammonia (>90% agriculture) more important than NOx (~traffic) and SO2](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022090608/605e48bd36bbf076c173ad9e/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
![Page 15: Ammonia, Particles and Health - UNECE€¦ · reactions with nitrogen oxides (NOx) and sulfur oxides (SO2) • Ammonia (>90% agriculture) more important than NOx (~traffic) and SO2](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022090608/605e48bd36bbf076c173ad9e/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
EST 2014
![Page 16: Ammonia, Particles and Health - UNECE€¦ · reactions with nitrogen oxides (NOx) and sulfur oxides (SO2) • Ammonia (>90% agriculture) more important than NOx (~traffic) and SO2](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022090608/605e48bd36bbf076c173ad9e/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
ACP 2017
UP TO 50% PM2.5 REDUCTION FROM 100% NH3 REMOVAL
![Page 17: Ammonia, Particles and Health - UNECE€¦ · reactions with nitrogen oxides (NOx) and sulfur oxides (SO2) • Ammonia (>90% agriculture) more important than NOx (~traffic) and SO2](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022090608/605e48bd36bbf076c173ad9e/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
ACP 2017
UP TO 800,000 FEWER DEATHS FROM 100% NH3 REMOVAL
![Page 18: Ammonia, Particles and Health - UNECE€¦ · reactions with nitrogen oxides (NOx) and sulfur oxides (SO2) • Ammonia (>90% agriculture) more important than NOx (~traffic) and SO2](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022090608/605e48bd36bbf076c173ad9e/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Take home messages
• Ammonia (NH3) produces airborne particles (PM) through atmospheric reactions with nitrogen oxides (NOx) and sulfur oxides (SO2)
• Ammonia (>90% agriculture) more important than NOx (~traffic) and SO2 (~shipping, energy)
• All particles ~equally harmful• Huge health benefits expected from NH3
reduction