AMI Trials and Testings - UMN CCAPSAMI Trials and Testings Daniel E. Nordell, P.E. Xcel Energy. ......
Transcript of AMI Trials and Testings - UMN CCAPSAMI Trials and Testings Daniel E. Nordell, P.E. Xcel Energy. ......
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1MIPSYCON November 8, 2017
AMI Trials and Testings
Daniel E. Nordell, P.E.Xcel Energy
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2MIPSYCON November 8, 2017
Xcel AMR => AMI
AMR (Automatic Meter Reading) –provides meter reading services only – nearing end of life
AMI (Automated Meter Infrastructure) – provides meter reading services and much more
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4MIPSYCON November 8, 2017
AMI – aka “Smart Meter” Two-way communication adds ability to
remotely configure meter, remotely upgrade firmware, remotely diagnose service problems, and provide interval data for all meters.
Some meters designated as “bellwether” meters can provide distribution circuit health information.
Can provide other advanced features as well.
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Electronic Meter (AMI)
Power Supply
Customer Load
Communications (HAN)
Metrology(Energy)
Communications (FAN)
Register(Display, Data)
AntennaAntenna
OpticalPort
UtilitySource
Disconnect
VoltageCurrent
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Typical Meter Breakdown
Meter BaseCustomer Connect
CommunicationsModule
Antenna
Power SupplyMetrology
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7MIPSYCON November 8, 2017
Xcel’s Vision: An integrated communication network as extension to corporate network
Let’s watch a couple of videos explaining this
Hawaii Electric vision: https://youtu.be/kxemMup3fa4Benefits of Wireless Mesh: https://youtu.be/0PuOqdHYcTk Wi-SUN Vision: https://youtu.be/B_dfHB5kVro
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8MIPSYCON November 8, 2017
Substation
CPE
CPESSN
Access Point
Relay
End Device
End Device
End Device
To other CPE
To other CPE
Wi-SUN
CPE P2P,802.11
End Device
To other CPE
Substation
CPE
CPE
CPEEnd Device
Xcel Energy Corporate Network WiMAX
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9MIPSYCON November 8, 2017
Typical Configuration for a WiMAX / Wi-SUN Network
WiMAX control and monitoring
Application Servers
WiMAX coverage patterns, ~3 sectors/BS
Intersite microwave backhaul
Xcel fiber network
WiMAX Base Station (BS), located on tower or rooftop
WiMAX Network of Base Stations with Data
Backhauls
WiMAX Control and Interface Point
Customer Premise Equipment (CPE) and
Controlled/Monitored Utility Devices
Field located CPE & attachments
MESH coverage
MESH node connected to CPE
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Field Area Network (FAN) Overview
10
Xcel Energy Substation
WAN Node WAN Node
WAN Node
WAN Node
ServiceCenter
AdvancedApps
Power Plant
Xcel EnergyWide Area Network
WiMAX Base
Station
SensorMeter
Control Device
Wi-SUNAccess Point
Wi-SUNAccess Point
WiMAX Wi-SUN
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11MIPSYCON November 8, 2017
Xcel Network Design Philosophy
Currently IPv4 (4.23x109 addresses) Migrating to IPv6 (1038 addresses possible) Any point can communicate with any other point
using IPv4 today, IPv6 in the future Three-tier Enterprise / WiMAX / Wi-SUN architecture Support for best-practice application layer security Enterprise-level network management Mixed operations and business traffic with DSCP
priority differentiation Minimize / eliminate the need for application gateways
and protocol converters Any approved applications can use the network to
transport information
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12MIPSYCON November 8, 2017
Information- or accounting-only functions can tolerate large delays. “Generate a bill for last month’s consumption” or “How much energy
did I consume yesterday”. Typical four-hour retrieval intervals.
Human-factors functions can tolerate modest delays. “Turn-on and turn-off service switch” or “I just turned my stove on or
off. What is my consumption rate right now?” Few secondsBad things happen to control systems if there is delay in the
feedback loop – Max delays range from few millisec to seconds, low jitter Bellwether meters used to manage system voltage profile are useless
if too much delay is introduced. Delays in communication used either to execute or manage active control cause such feedback systems to become unstable. Like driving car with one-minute delay on visibility and control.
The long delay times and wildly variable jitter observed on some systems during testing are unacceptable for these services.
Speed Requirements for Advanced AMI
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13MIPSYCON November 8, 2017
Interoperability
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14MIPSYCON November 8, 2017
The Problem for Utilities
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15MIPSYCON November 8, 2017
Andrew Tanenbaum
The nice thing about standards is that there are so many of them to choose
from.
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16MIPSYCON November 8, 2017
Who Makes Standards, Anyway?
Proprietary Systems - vendor specific
Industry Practice - informal practice
Industry Standards - formalized practice
National Standards ( ANSI, NIST, IEEE )
International Standards ( ISO, IEC )
Interoperability Alliances (WiFi, WiMAX, Wi-SUN)
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17MIPSYCON November 8, 2017
What is necessary for Interoperability?
Compliance with relevant Standards Including entire stack from Physical to
Application Interoperability Testing “Plugfests”
Certification by independent third party
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18MIPSYCON November 8, 2017
What is a “Profile”?
A Communication Profile is a list of the standards and their options necessary to achieve end-to-end interoperability.
Variations in profile between two systems may make them proprietary.
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19MIPSYCON November 8, 2017
Is Security Jeopardized by Interoperability?
NO “Security by Obscurity” is a flawed concept
(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Security_through_obscurity)
Security principles: Use open, publically scrutinized security
practices – they are more secure than proprietary schemes that don’t receive such scrutiny
Publish how security is done. DO NOT Publish the Key ….. Just like we do with locks and keys.
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20MIPSYCON November 8, 2017
Standards for DA and Metering
IEEE 802.15.4g for Wireless Mesh (Physical and Transport)
RS232 (Physical Layer) Ethernet (Physical Layer) Internet Engineering Task Force (Internet
Standards) (Transport through Application) ANSI C12.18, C12.19, C12.22 for metering
(Application Layer) DNP 3.0 for DA and SCADA (Application Layer) IEC 61850 for DA and SCADA (Application Layer)
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21MIPSYCON November 8, 2017
Interoperability Success Stories
Bar Codes Wi-Fi WiMAX DNP IEC 61850 And Many More…..
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22MIPSYCON November 8, 2017
Interoperability Promised ANSI C12.18, C12.19, C12.22 Non-interoperable interpretations Lack of profile agreements Lack of 3rd party testing
Wi-SUN Physical Layer certifications released Transport Layer certifications soon
Zigbee Flawed profile model failed in Zigbee 1.0. (My Opinion) Will be superseded by
Internet of Things and Wi-SUN
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23MIPSYCON November 8, 2017
Who Certifies? Physical and Transport Layers:
Wi-Fi Alliance (http://www.wi-fi.org) (Physical) WiMAX Forum (http://www.wimaxforum.org/) (Physical) Wireless Smart Utility Networks (Wi-SUN) Alliance
(Physical and Transport) (https://www.wi-sun.org) Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) (Transport)
(https://www.ietf.org) Application Layer:
UCA International Users Group for IEC 61850 (Application Layer) (http://www.ucaiug.org)
North American End Device Registration Authority (NAEDRA) for metering (Application Layer) (http://www.naedra.org)
Distributed Network Protocol (DNP) Users Group (Application Layer) (https://www.dnp.org)
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24MIPSYCON November 8, 2017
AMI Testing
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Leaky AntennaOut of Cage
ExternalAMI Back
OfficeInternet
LabRouter
OpenWRTFirewall / NAT
Ruggedcom
1500
WiMAXCPE
CPE
Ethernet / Fiber
Walk-in Faraday Cage
Mesh Take-out
Point
30
dB
Split
ter
30
dB
Mes
h Ro
uter
30
dB
Split
ter
30
dB
Mes
h Ro
uter
Repeat “N” Times
Last Router has Antenna
Meter
Meter
Meter
Meter
Meter
Meter
Meter
Meter
Meter
Meter
Meter
Meter
Meter
Meter
Meter
DA RemoteDA
Remote
DA Remote
Wi-SUN Mesh
TestPC (typ)
TestPC (typ)
TestPC (typ)
WiFiInternet, Server,
and Printer access for all
Test PC’s
AMI Lab Test Environment
Unique Public IP
For each vendor
6/29/2016 DEN
All Coax Connections
inside Faraday
Special Test / Gas
Mtrs Special Test / Gas
MtrsSpecial Test &
Gas Mtrs
Mesh Take-out
Point
Note: Either or both Take-Out Points may be disabled
for particular test
WiFiPrinter
File Server
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26MIPSYCON November 8, 2017
Mesh Radio Test Multihop communication: Throughput Packet Latency Packet Jitter Packet loss
Priority DA over AMI Security Rerouting on Loss of Path
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27MIPSYCON November 8, 2017
AMI Meter Test Outline [1]
Basic Metrology: kWh, Watts, kVAr. kVArh, kVA, kVAh, Volts, Vh, V2h, Amps, Ah, A2h
AMI Functionality: Optical Probe Mesh Radio AMI back office
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28MIPSYCON November 8, 2017
Simulated customer interval data: compare optical probe to back office
Whole Service Disconnect: verify restraint
Over-the-air firmware upgrade / downgrade for metrology, register, network Security: rejection of adulterated
firmware
AMI Meter Test Outline [2]
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29MIPSYCON November 8, 2017
Tamper Detect Service errors: reporting of vectors
through local tools and remotely HAN (Home Area Network)
functionality Customer notifications Customer “machines” interfaces Security
AMI Meter Test Outline [3]
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30MIPSYCON November 8, 2017
AMI Meter Test Outline [4]
Specialty tests: Non-sinusoidal waveform metering
accuracy Variable load metering accuracy Neutral detection Phase identification
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31MIPSYCON November 8, 2017
AMI Meter Test Outline [5]
Meter timekeeping: “disciplined” clock
Set the meter to "power system derived“ clock. Excite the meter with 59 Hz power. Observe timekeeping and behavior when the clock is "reset" to coincide with "correct" time. Observations to include log files and interval data records.
Disciplined clock should adjust heartbeat without interval data discontinuities
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32MIPSYCON November 8, 2017
Meter energy measurement symmetry. Excite meter at 60 Hz potentials but
with constantly changing current phase angle. Observe after elapsed time that forward/reverse real and reactive energy are all equal. Accumulated values should all be zero.
AMI Meter Test Outline [6]
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33MIPSYCON November 8, 2017
Additional Functionaity
Back Office analytics “Non-Technical” Losses
Disconnect switch management Demand limiting
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34MIPSYCON November 8, 2017
For Further Reading World Without Standards video:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TaxWfz_MB2A Interoperable Standards: ITSI presentation:
http://www.perey.com/ARStandards/[Wiles]CTI_Interoperability_Testing_ETSI.pdf
Consider a world without standards blog:http://www.commscope.com/Blog/Consider-a-World-without-Standards/
Wi-SUN overviewhttps://www.wi-sun.org/images/assets/docs/wi-sun-alliance-overview.pdf
Wi-SUN videohttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B_dfHB5kVro
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35MIPSYCON November 8, 2017
Maswali ?
?