Jeffersonian Era

Chapter 9

Jeffersonian EraJeffersonian Era

•Not a revolution as much as a transition

from elitism of Federalists to "common

man" politics – Andrew Jackson of 1820s

12th Amendment12th Amendment

• electors will cast separate ballot for president and vice president

• to prevent president and vice president being from opposing political parties

Chesapeake AffairChesapeake Affair

• British – pursued– attacked – boarded

• the American ship looking for deserters from the Royal Navy

Lead to the Embargo Act

Embargo Act Embargo Act

• following British firing on American ship; – Forbid trade with

Britain and France– Hurt US economy– Americans upset

because this hurt their businesses• New England

merchants depended on overseas trade - Only lasted 2 years

- Lead to division between North and South states

John Marshall & Supreme John Marshall & Supreme CourtCourt

• First great chief justice of Supreme Court – Jefferson's cousin– Strong Federalist– Landmark decisions

•34 year career•7 presidents

Marshall's Landmark Marshall's Landmark DecisionsDecisions

• Marbury vs. Madison– **Supreme court can say what is constitutional or not

• Gibbons vs. Ogden– **Protected the federal government's

delegated powers (ie. regulate interstate commerce)

– NY tried to monopolize use of its waterways to only one company; prevent all others to use it

• McCulloch vs. Maryland– Maryland tries to tax the Baltimore branch

of the National bank out of existence– **States could not interfere with National

Bank that federal govt put into place

Louisiana Purchase Louisiana Purchase

• 1800- Spain returns Louisiana to France– New Orleans - trade

• Jefferson --> Napoleon $10 million (New Orleans)– Napoleon --> Louisiana territory

for $15 million

• Jefferson nervous because constitution does not clearly allow gov't to purchase land– Senate approves – Purchase made US more than

double in size• Boundaries???

Implied Powers = not stated in

constitution but are implied by the powers

expressly stated

Lewis & ClarkLewis & Clark

• Authorized by gov't to explore Louisiana Territory

• May 1804- expedition left Missouri• December 1805- reached Pacific

ocean (Oregon)• September 1806- Returned to Missouri • New geographical features

– Rocky Mountains– Yellowstone National Park– Pacific Ocean

• New Animals• Grizzly Bears• Vultures• Cougars

Sacajawea

SacajaweaSacajawea

Zebulun PikeZebulun Pike

• Army officer leads 2 expeditions1. 1805 Expedition

– Upper Mississippi River

2. 1806-7 Expedition– Cross Great Plains to Colorado Rockies – Discovered Pike's Peak

• Turn southward to Mexico

Indians & Northwest Indians & Northwest TerritoryTerritory

Indian• land belongs to

everyone

• grow whatever crops you need

• hunt only what you need for food

White Man• land ownership

important• Indians wasting

land– more crops– more hunting– more use of

resources

Battle of Fallen TimbersBattle of Fallen Timbers

• Mad Anthony Wayne– G. Washington appoints him in a

campaign to crush Indians– Lewis, Clark, & Zebulun also fight in

battle

• Treaty of Greenville- Indians surrender southern half of Ohio

Tecumseh and his BroTecumseh and his Bro

• "the Prophet"• message from

"Master of Universe"– rejecting

white man's lifestyle

– must unite to fight against white man

• Chief adversary of Harrison• Lead Indian challenge

against United States• Trained warrior• Father and brother killed in

battle against whites• Fearless and honorable

– Never tortured prisoners– Never attacked women &

children

• Convinced Indians to unite against whites

Battle of TippecanoeBattle of Tippecanoe

• Harrison & Tecumseh meet in 1810– Could reach no agreement– War was inevitable

• While Tecumseh away, Harrison camps near Prophetstown, Indiana

• Prophet leads attack on whitemen• Whitemen win battle and run off Indians

– heavy loss of life

• Tecumseh returns to find Prophetstown destroyed and burned down