Americans With Disabilities Act & Food Service TITLE 1 EMPLOYMENT.
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Transcript of Americans With Disabilities Act & Food Service TITLE 1 EMPLOYMENT.
Americans With Disabilities Act & Food Service
TITLE 1EMPLOYMENT
NOD-Harris Poll - 2010
21(35)% with a disability work full-time or part-time
59(78)% without disability work full-time or part-time
22% report encountering job discrimination (2004)
Source: National Organization on Disability, 2010
ADA Overview
Title I - Employment
Title II - State & Local Government
Title III - Public Accommodations
Title IV - Telecommunications
Title V - Miscellaneous
Definition of a Disability:
A physical or mental impairment that substantially limits one or more major life activities;
A record of such an impairment;
Is regarded as having such an impairment
ADA Amendments Act of 2008
“Substantially limits” – definition
Mitigating measures will not be considered
Exception – eyeglasses and contact lenses
Affected major life activities
Seeing
Performing manual tasks
Speaking
Learning
Walking
Breathing
Hearing
Working
Sleeping
Caring for oneself
Thinking
ADA Amendments Act of 2008
“Major life activities” includes bodily functions: functions of the immune system, normal
cell growth, digestive, bowel, bladder, neurological, brain, respiratory, circulatory, endocrine, and reproductive functions.
Episodic or in Remission
NOT covered by the ADA
Current illegal drug users
Sexual behavior disorders
Compulsive gambling
Kleptomania
Pyromania
Psychoactive substance use disorders (from use of illegal drugs)
Drug and Alcohol Use
Past illegal drug use covered
Current illegal drug use not covered
Employer may prohibit use of illegal drugs and alcohol in workplace
Drug tests are not illegal
Drug and Alcohol Use
Past alcohol use covered
Current alcohol use covered
Discipline, discharge or deny employment when alcohol impairs job performance or conduct
Title I - Employment
Private employers
State and local governments
Employment agencies
Labor Unions
What Employers Are Not Covered?
Those with less than 15 employees
Private clubs (i.e. country clubs)
Federal Government
Native American Tribes
Regulated Employment Practices
Application
Promotion
Testing
Medical exams
Hiring
Layoff/Recall
Assignments
Termination
Evaluation
Compensation
Disciplinary actions
Leave
Training
Benefits
The ADA prohibits discrimination against any qualified individual with a
disability in regard to all terms, conditions, and privileges of
employment.
What is a Qualified Individual?
Individual must have the education, experience and skills required
Must be able to perform the essential functions of the job with or without a reasonable accommodation
What makes a Job Task Essential?
The position exists to perform the function
There is a limited number of employees who can perform the task
The function is highly specialized, requiring specific expertise or skill
Determining if a Task is Essential
Employer’s judgment
Written job description
Amount of time spent performing the task
Reasonable Accommodation
Accessible work environmentModify exams, training materials,
job-restructuringModify work practices and procedures Part-time or modified work schedulesQualified interpreters or readersLeaveReassignment
Not Reasonable Accommodations:
Transfer to a different supervisorReassignment of essential functionsLowering production standardsProvision of personal use itemsProvision of “light duty” positionPromotionNon-adherence to policy and procedure that is consistent with business necessity
Reasonable AccommodationIndividual must request an accommodation
Individual may refuse an accommodation
Defenses Undue hardship
Significant expense or difficulty Fundamental alteration of business
Direct threat ...to health and safety of others Significant risk that can not be eliminated by reasonable
accommodation
Interview: Unacceptable QuestionsHow much alcohol do you drink?
What medications are you taking?
Have you ever been hospitalized?
Have you ever taken AZT?
Have you ever filed or received worker’s compensation?
Interview: Acceptable Questions
Are you capable of standing for 3 hours?
Would you be able to arrive to work by 8 am everyday?
Can you perform the essential functions of the job with or without a reasonable accommodation?
Can you move 50 lbs from point A to point B?
Can you sit for 2 hours at a time?
Can you read a video display terminal?
Reference ChecksMay ask about: job functions & tasks quality & quantity of work how job functions were performed attendance record other job-related issues that do not relate to
disability
Cannot ask about: Disability Illness Workers compensation history
Medical Inquiry: Pre-Employment
No questions which could elicit medical information
No medical exams permissible
Agility/aptitude testing permissible if consistent with business necessity
All other applicants are subject to same
Medical Inquiry: Post Offer
Permissible if all applicants or individuals in similar positions subject to same inquiry and exam
Additional inquiry allowed to follow-up on information found in initial inquiry
Withdrawal of offer must be based on direct threat
Medical Inquiry: Post-Hire
No medical inquiry unless consistent with business necessity
Participation in wellness or other health promotion activities sponsored by employer must be voluntary
Medical Records
Information regarding medical exams and inquiries must be kept confidentialmust be kept separate from
personnel files
Service Animals
Only dogs are recognized
Separate provision for miniature horses
Comfort or emotional support animals do not qualify as a service animal
Definition of Service AnimalIndividually trained to do work or perform tasksGuiding people who are blindAlerting people who are deafPulling a wheelchairAlerting and protecting due to seizureReminding person with mental illness to take
prescribed medicationsCalming a person with Post Traumatic Stress
Disorder (PTSD) during an anxiety attack
Where Service Animals are Allowed
Under the ADA, State and local governments, businesses, and nonprofit organizations that serve the public generally must allow service animals to accompany people with disabilities in all areas where members of the public are allowed to go.
Control of Animal
Service animals must be harnessed, leashed, or tetheredExceptions
it interferes with the service animal’s work the individual’s disability prevents using these devices
Or, individual must maintain control of animal through voice, signal, or other effective controls
Inquiries Allowed
Two questions may be asked
Is the dog a service animal required because of a disability?
What work or task has the dog been trained to perform?
Inquiries Not Allowed
Asking about the disability
Requiring medical documentation
Requiring special ID card or training documentation for the dog
Asking that the dog demonstrate its ability to perform the work or task
Denying Access to Animals
Allergies and fear of dogs are NOT valid reasons
If dog is out of control and the handler does not take effective action to control it
If the dog is not housebroken
Offer the opportunity to obtain goods or services without the animal’s presence
Food Service
Establishments that sell or prepare food must allow service animals in public areas even if state or local health codes prohibit animals on the premises.
People with disabilities who use service animals cannot be isolated from other patrons
Employee with Service Animal
Food Code prohibits handling of animals
Allows employees to handle service animals
After handling, wash hands At least 20 secondsSoap, water, vigorous friction on hand surfacesRinsing, drying
Determine undue hardship/direct threat
CDC: Infectious and Communicable Diseases
Campylobacter
Salmonella
E. coli
Calicivirus or Norwalk-like virus
Shigella species
Hepatitis A virus
Staphylococcus aureaus
FDA Food CodeReporting Requirements
Employee must:
Report diagnosis
Report symptoms
Report past illness due to listed pathogens
Specific high-risk conditions
Get medical clearance before exclusion/restriction is lifted
Food Service Management
Restrict employee if symptoms are present
Exclude employee if diagnosed with illness
If disabled by disease, ADA applies
If Disabled by Disease…
Employer can exclude employee if:No reasonable accommodation would
eliminate riskAll reasonable accommodations would
pose an undue hardship on businessThere is no vacant position not involving
food handling for which employee is qualified
Company Policies and Practices
Training
Sensitivity training for managers and co-workers
Health insurance
Employee assistance programs
Fitness programs
Employee & family activities
Posting Notices
An employer must post notices concerning the provisions of the ADA
Must be accessible to persons with visual or other reading disabilities
Posters can be obtained from the EEOC800-669-EEOC or 800-800-3302 (TDD)
Financial AssistanceIRS Code 44 (Tax Credit) 30 employees or less OR annual gross receipts less
than $1M Up to $5000/year 50% of expenditures between $250 - $10,250
IRS Code 190 (Tax Deduction) Up to $15,000/year Architectural or Transportation
Targeted Jobs Tax Credit For hiring people with disabilities
ResourcesU.S. Department of Justice www.usdoj.gov/crt (800) 514-0301
Equal Employment Opportunity Commission www.eeoc.gov (800) 669-4000
U.S. Access Board www.access-board.gov (800) 872-2253
Job Accommodation Network (JAN) http://www.jan.wvu.edu/ (800) 526-7234
Great Lakes ADA Center www.gldbtac.org (800) 949-4232
National Center on Accessibility www.ncaonline.org (812) 856-4422 (voice) (812) 856-4421 (tty)