American Reform. Education Public schools throughout the US, but few finished Kindergartens est. for...
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Transcript of American Reform. Education Public schools throughout the US, but few finished Kindergartens est. for...
American Reform
Education
Public schools throughout the US, but few finished
Kindergartens est. for working mothers
Schools very different for whites & blacks Excluded from high schools
Basic skills taught
Industrial Age
New emphasis on advanced skillsNew courses offered (drafting,
mechanics, etc.)Immigrants & school
Encouraged to finish school Became immersed in American lifestyle Catholics start to est. religious schools
Growth of Higher Education
1900- 2.3% of Americans attended college
#’s increasing due to industryResearch, law, medicine, social
sciencesIncrease for Blacks also
Est. schools (Fisk & Howard)
Race Issues
13th, 14th & 15th Amendments grant more rights
Early years- blacks able to exercise their rights… changes after Reconstruction (1877)
Many Southern white determined the limit the movements and rights Voting
Literacy testPoll taxGrandfather clause
Jim Crow Laws
Laws passed in southern states to limit the rights . . . Supreme Court doesn’t overturn these laws
Separate the races in all aspects of society . . . known as Jim Crow laws Old minstrels song “Jump, Jim Crow”
www.Psb.org
Library Of Congress
Plessy v. Ferguson
http://us.history.wisc.edu/hist102/weblect/lec02/02_05.htm
Discrimination
Occurred in all areas!Early 1900’s many blacks start to
move to N. cities ($$)Segregated neighborhoods, low
paying jobs (if any), difficult to join Unions
Booker T. Washington & W.E.B. Du Bois
Washington- wanted fellow blacks to obtain useful skills Tuskegee Normal & Industrial Institute
W.E.B. Du Bois- disagreed with Wash. Pushed for liberal arts ed. For future
leaders Est. Niagara Movement Talented 10th
Progressive Era
1900 reforms a hot issue (middle class)
Progressive Mov’t goals: Protect social welfare Promote morality Economic reform Fostering efficiency
Video!
1. Social Welfare
Attempts to help the poor (remember the settlement houses??)
Organizations- YMCA & Salvation Army est. community centers, soup kitchens, nurseries
Work to decrease the hours for women & children in factories
2. Promote social improvement
Reformers want people to take the initiative to change their lot
Prohibition- outlaw alcohol Feared American morals were declining 1874 Women’s Temperance Mov’t Entered saloons singing & preaching
about the evils Sometimes seen as anti-
Immigrant….why??
US Marshals destroying
alcohol
3. Economic Reform
1893 Panic & unequal distribution of wealth worries many
Turn to SocialismEugene V. Debs
org. American Socialist Party 1901
Muckrakers
Journalists try to expose the corrupt practices
Known as muckrakers Ida M. Tardell- History
of Standard Oil looks at Rockefeller’s practices
Upton Sinclair Video!
4. Efficiency
Factory work isn’t efficient b/c of long hours, fatigue, and fast work
Introduction of Assembly line Makes a product faster,
but wears down on workers
Henry Ford est. 8 hour work day to help the problem