American Post-secondary American Post-secondary Education TodayEducation Today

Presentation by Dr. Ardith ManeyPresentation by Dr. Ardith Maney

Tbilisi, GeorgiaTbilisi, Georgia

March 2006March 2006

My backgroundMy background

• Bachelor’s study at a private college (1600 Bachelor’s study at a private college (1600 enrollment)enrollment)

• Doctorate earned at Columbia UniversityDoctorate earned at Columbia University• Professor of politology & public administration – Professor of politology & public administration –

Iowa State University (26,000+ enrollment) – Iowa State University (26,000+ enrollment) – www.iastate.eduwww.iastate.edu

• Joint activities with Iowa community colleges Joint activities with Iowa community colleges • International projects for ISU with universities, e.g., International projects for ISU with universities, e.g.,

Ukraine, Georgia, AfricaUkraine, Georgia, Africa• Consultant for Community Colleges for International Consultant for Community Colleges for International

Development – www.ccid.kirkwood.eduDevelopment – www.ccid.kirkwood.edu

Flexibility & changeFlexibility & change

• Working students welcomeWorking students welcome

• Skills for life-long learningSkills for life-long learning

• IT integrated in all programsIT integrated in all programs

• Part-time and flexible class schedules Part-time and flexible class schedules

• Universities & community colleges Universities & community colleges complement each others’ missionscomplement each others’ missions

• Hometown & distance education Hometown & distance education optionsoptions

Post-secondary education Post-secondary education optionsoptions• Leave school after age 16 without high school Leave school after age 16 without high school

diplomadiploma• Get high school equivalent diploma (GED)Get high school equivalent diploma (GED)• High school graduation (12 years) High school graduation (12 years) • Begin bachelor’s study while in high schoolBegin bachelor’s study while in high school• Certificate and apprentice programs (6 months, 1 Certificate and apprentice programs (6 months, 1

year, 2 year, etc.) offered for some jobsyear, 2 year, etc.) offered for some jobs• Associate’s degree (2 years) & transfer options Associate’s degree (2 years) & transfer options

for bachelor’s study (2 +2) for bachelor’s study (2 +2) • Bachelor’s study (approximately 4 years)Bachelor’s study (approximately 4 years)• Master’s and doctor’s degrees offered by Master’s and doctor’s degrees offered by

universities after bachelor’suniversities after bachelor’s

Institutions offering post-Institutions offering post-secondary studysecondary study

• Community and technical colleges in every state Community and technical colleges in every state offer AA, AS & AAS degreesoffer AA, AS & AAS degrees

• Community and technical colleges also offer Community and technical colleges also offer certificate programscertificate programs

• Private 2 year colleges serve specialized programsPrivate 2 year colleges serve specialized programs• Public & private colleges & universities offer Public & private colleges & universities offer

bachelor’s studiesbachelor’s studies• Students & their credits transfer from 2 to 4-year Students & their credits transfer from 2 to 4-year

institutions through institutions through articulation agreementsarticulation agreements• Students must fulfill entrance requirements to Students must fulfill entrance requirements to

transfertransfer

How 4-year institutions workHow 4-year institutions work

• Governing boards hire presidents & approve all degreesGoverning boards hire presidents & approve all degrees• Presidents (or provosts) choose deans Presidents (or provosts) choose deans • Deans choose department heads & approve all teacher Deans choose department heads & approve all teacher

hiringhiring• Teachers receive permanent contracts after a (7-year) Teachers receive permanent contracts after a (7-year)

probationary period probationary period • Teachers have contracts specifying amount of teaching, Teachers have contracts specifying amount of teaching,

research, and/or outreachresearch, and/or outreach• Department committees recruit staff & review staff Department committees recruit staff & review staff

performance via performance via peer reviewpeer review• Almost all teachers in bachelor’s programs have doctoratesAlmost all teachers in bachelor’s programs have doctorates• Colleges & some universities emphasize teaching and Colleges & some universities emphasize teaching and

learninglearning• Research-intensive universities emphasize researchResearch-intensive universities emphasize research• Staff pay based on Staff pay based on market conditionsmarket conditions & & meritmerit

2-year community & technical 2-year community & technical collegescolleges

• Elected or appointed boards hire presidents & approve all degreesElected or appointed boards hire presidents & approve all degrees• CC presidents choose deans CC presidents choose deans • Deans choose department heads & approve teacher hiringDeans choose department heads & approve teacher hiring• Teachers can receive long-term contracts Teachers can receive long-term contracts • Deans review work of staff and can fire non-performersDeans review work of staff and can fire non-performers• Most teachers have masters and sometimes doctoratesMost teachers have masters and sometimes doctorates• Many teachers are part-time employeesMany teachers are part-time employees• Teaching and outreach to industry & community groupsTeaching and outreach to industry & community groups• Pay is based on market conditions & meritPay is based on market conditions & merit• Accreditation is by professional organizations using peer Accreditation is by professional organizations using peer

evaluationsevaluations• CCs less independent from state than public universitiesCCs less independent from state than public universities

CCs are all sizes CCs are all sizes

• Santa Fe CC (Florida) – 15,000+ enrolled, Santa Fe CC (Florida) – 15,000+ enrolled, 2200+ get AA or AAS/AS (522)2200+ get AA or AAS/AS (522)

• Moraine Valley CC (Illinois) – 46,000, 2nd Moraine Valley CC (Illinois) – 46,000, 2nd largest CC in IL, 123 degrees/certificateslargest CC in IL, 123 degrees/certificates

• Eastern Iowa CC – 7243 students enrolled Eastern Iowa CC – 7243 students enrolled on 3 campuseson 3 campuses

• Iowa Lakes CC – 3600 enrolled at 5 Iowa Lakes CC – 3600 enrolled at 5 campuses for region of 75, 000 pop.campuses for region of 75, 000 pop.

CCs reflect their regions’ CCs reflect their regions’ interests & needsinterests & needs

• Transportation logistics - ChicagoTransportation logistics - Chicago• Zoo technology – FloridaZoo technology – Florida• Agriculture suited to that region – Iowa v. Agriculture suited to that region – Iowa v.

CaliforniaCalifornia• Viticulture + tourism + culinary arts – CA, Viticulture + tourism + culinary arts – CA,

OregonOregon• Performing arts & folklore/crafts – LA, rural Performing arts & folklore/crafts – LA, rural

areas like Kentuckyareas like Kentucky• What about Georgian regions?What about Georgian regions?

About staff & studentsAbout staff & students

• Industry experience is useful in some Industry experience is useful in some fieldsfields

• Master’s & doctoral degreesMaster’s & doctoral degrees

• Many teachers work part-timeMany teachers work part-time

• All high school graduates can enter CCsAll high school graduates can enter CCs

• Remedial programs offeredRemedial programs offered

• Students can same $$ & live at homeStudents can same $$ & live at home

• Most students work while going to CCMost students work while going to CC

Some workforce & transfer Some workforce & transfer programsprograms • Iowa Lakes CC (www.iowalakes.edu)Iowa Lakes CC (www.iowalakes.edu)• Welding technologyWelding technology• Length of study: 1 year Length of study: 1 year • Result: certificate for labor marketResult: certificate for labor market

• Hotel and restaurant managementHotel and restaurant management• Length of study: 2 yearsLength of study: 2 years• Result: AAS degree for labor market or Result: AAS degree for labor market or

transfer to bachelor’s programtransfer to bachelor’s program

Zoo Animal Technology Zoo Animal Technology ProgramProgram• Offered at Santa Fe Community College (www.sfcc.edu)Offered at Santa Fe Community College (www.sfcc.edu)• Length of study: 2 yearsLength of study: 2 years• Result: AS degreeResult: AS degree• General Education requirement: General Education requirement: • 2 courses required in communications, 1 in humanities/fine 2 courses required in communications, 1 in humanities/fine

artsarts• 2 & a lab in math & science, 1 in social /behavioral science2 & a lab in math & science, 1 in social /behavioral science• 14 Professional core courses required, e.g., 14 Professional core courses required, e.g., • Introduction to zoos and aquariums, Basic keep technology, Introduction to zoos and aquariums, Basic keep technology,

Animal management (basic and advanced labs, Animal management (basic and advanced labs, Herpeculture, Aviculture, Mammal culture, Aquarium Herpeculture, Aviculture, Mammal culture, Aquarium culture, Animal nutrition, Animal breedingculture, Animal nutrition, Animal breeding

CCs’ other responsibilities…CCs’ other responsibilities…

• Workforce development Workforce development – CCs link with state government incubators CCs link with state government incubators – Re-train workers for new jobs, Re-train workers for new jobs, – Partnership with local business & industry to design Partnership with local business & industry to design

programsprograms• State & local economic developmentState & local economic development

– Efforts to bring in new businesses Efforts to bring in new businesses – Support local businesses to be profitableSupport local businesses to be profitable– Use tax “breaks” Use tax “breaks”

• Customized training for business on-site or on Customized training for business on-site or on campuscampus

• Community education, i.e., life-long learningCommunity education, i.e., life-long learning– College for seniorsCollege for seniors– Folklore or local culture Folklore or local culture

Iowa’s community college Iowa’s community college systemsystem

• State legislature (parliament) established our State legislature (parliament) established our community college system in 1965community college system in 1965

• Iowa Department of Education supervisesIowa Department of Education supervises• CCs’ mission - to provide world-class CCs’ mission - to provide world-class

educational and community services to meet educational and community services to meet the needs of the people of Iowathe needs of the people of Iowa

• 15 locally-elected boards govern the colleges15 locally-elected boards govern the colleges• Each has a main campus & 2-4 satellite Each has a main campus & 2-4 satellite

campuses for courses & services are offeredcampuses for courses & services are offered

Iowa’s Community College Iowa’s Community College systemsystemMain sites for offering courses, e.g., Main sites for offering courses, e.g.,

Iowa Lakes, EICC, Kirkwood, DMACC, Iowa Lakes, EICC, Kirkwood, DMACC, etc.etc.

Iowa’s higher education Iowa’s higher education systemsystem• State population of approximately 3 millionState population of approximately 3 million• Education is a big expense for state budgetEducation is a big expense for state budget• 3 research universities offer BS, MS, & PhD 3 research universities offer BS, MS, & PhD

& have an economic development mission& have an economic development mission• 24 private colleges & universities offer BS 24 private colleges & universities offer BS

& some masters degrees& some masters degrees• ““Our system of community colleges is Our system of community colleges is

playing a major role in building the new playing a major role in building the new economy – an economy that relies on well-economy – an economy that relies on well-educated productive workers.” Gov. Tom educated productive workers.” Gov. Tom VilsackVilsack

Trends for future planningTrends for future planning

• Iowa’s population is aging (2Iowa’s population is aging (2ndnd oldest in US) oldest in US)• 85% of community college grads will remain in Iowa 85% of community college grads will remain in Iowa • America’s America’s baby-boombaby-boom generation will retire soon generation will retire soon• Retired adults will return to the workplace and will Retired adults will return to the workplace and will

need trainingneed training• The current & future workforce will require The current & future workforce will require

additional training after their first jobsadditional training after their first jobs• A growing number of students getting bachelor’s A growing number of students getting bachelor’s

degrees will begin with CC degrees will begin with CC • Iowa needs new economic development solutions Iowa needs new economic development solutions

for de-populating rural areasfor de-populating rural areas

Strategic goals for CC Strategic goals for CC development in Iowa (5-year development in Iowa (5-year plan)plan)

• Assessment & evaluation for improvementAssessment & evaluation for improvement• Improved articulation with 4-year schoolsImproved articulation with 4-year schools• Involvement of business & industry partnersInvolvement of business & industry partners• Projected shortage of teachers and administratorsProjected shortage of teachers and administrators• Entrepreneurship programs & services neededEntrepreneurship programs & services needed• Linkages needed with state agencies, e.g., IWD, Linkages needed with state agencies, e.g., IWD,

DEDDED• High-skill, high-wage careers, e.g., advanced High-skill, high-wage careers, e.g., advanced

manufacturing, information solutions, & life manufacturing, information solutions, & life sciencessciences

State government expectations State government expectations for CCsfor CCs

• Iowa CCs expected to reflect these valuesIowa CCs expected to reflect these values• AccessAccess and opportunity, including and opportunity, including

affordabilityaffordability• ResponsivenessResponsiveness to economic changes and to economic changes and

crisescrises• Collaborative relationshipsCollaborative relationships with all with all

educational sectors, business, & educational sectors, business, & government Community & civic government Community & civic responsibility means serving local needsresponsibility means serving local needs

• Local control & shared responsibilityLocal control & shared responsibility

Costs for CC Education in Iowa: Costs for CC Education in Iowa: a quick summarya quick summary

• National government makes grants & loans to studentsNational government makes grants & loans to students• State government provides money for higher education, e.g., State government provides money for higher education, e.g.,

some salaries, university & CC buildings, etc.some salaries, university & CC buildings, etc.• Local property taxes pay for CC expenses in some statesLocal property taxes pay for CC expenses in some states• Students pay fees (based on # of credits)Students pay fees (based on # of credits)• Eastern Iowa Community College costs are typical - 1 cr. Hour = Eastern Iowa Community College costs are typical - 1 cr. Hour =

$90, 15 cr. hours = $1350$90, 15 cr. hours = $1350• Out-of-state & on-line costs are higher ($135/$2025/$120)Out-of-state & on-line costs are higher ($135/$2025/$120)• Comparison of yearly EICC costs for courses ($2880) & those for Comparison of yearly EICC costs for courses ($2880) & those for

Iowa State University ($6452 for courses +$6560 for Iowa State University ($6452 for courses +$6560 for accomodation & meals)accomodation & meals)

• Yearly cost for living at home and attending EICC is 22% of Yearly cost for living at home and attending EICC is 22% of attending ISU!!attending ISU!!

• Which option would you recommend to someone who wants a BS?Which option would you recommend to someone who wants a BS?

ConclusionsConclusions

• Education is important in the “American dream”Education is important in the “American dream”• We are proud to be a nation of immigrantsWe are proud to be a nation of immigrants• CC is the most recent version of American CC is the most recent version of American

government programs to help with upward government programs to help with upward mobilitymobility

• CC growth driven by economic development, CC growth driven by economic development, competitiveness concerns, & democratization of competitiveness concerns, & democratization of higher educationhigher education

• Source for info on IACC, Shaping the future, 2001 Source for info on IACC, Shaping the future, 2001 (www.state.ia/educate/ccwp/cc/stf/shaping.pdf(www.state.ia/educate/ccwp/cc/stf/shaping.pdf