American Pageant Ch. 11 – the Triumph and Travails of Jeffersonian Democracy

7/22/2019 American Pageant Ch. 11 the Triumph and Travails of Jeffersonian Democracy

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Ch. 11The Triumph and Travails of Jeffersonian Democracy

Federalist and Republican Mudslingers

the most damaging blow to the Federalist was the refusal of atoms to give them arousing fight with France as their feverish war preparations had swelled the public debt

military preparation now not only unnecessary but extravagant thrown on the defense, the Federalist concentrated their fire on Jefferson himself who

became one of the victims of Americas earliest whispering campaigns

Jefferson was accused of having robbed the widow and children of a trust fund andhaving father numerous mulatto children by his own slave women

preachers throughout New England, stronghold of federalism, thundered against hisalleged atheism although Jefferson did in fact believe in God

Jeffersonian Revolution of 1800

Jefferson won the election against Adams Jeffersons success was largely because of Aaron Burr a master wire puller turn New

York Jefferson at the narrowest margin

their election ended in a unexpected deadlock Jefferson and his vice presidentialrunning mate Burr received the same number of electoral votes and under the

constitution, the tie could only be broken by the House of Representatives

Federalists voted for Burr as they hated Jefferson and the situation remained indeadlock but finally a few Federalists yielded and refrained from voting and the election

went to Jefferson

This was revolutionary because of the peaceful transfer of power on the basis of anelection whose results all parties accepted.

The Federalist Finale

John Adams, was the last Federalist president of the United States the Federalist boasts a high concentration of brains, talent, and abilities their political and financial leaders had built enduring foundations for the new

government

dear diplomats with strong helping hand from Europes distresses,@Avent pagestreaties with England, Spain, and friends

their statesmen have kept peace in a crucial time when peace is needed in the 1800s, the Federalist cannot adapt so like dinosaurs they died

Responsibility Breeds Moderation

Jefferson was inaugurated president on March 4, 1801 Jefferson believed that customary pomp did not befit his democratic ideals, he spurned

a horse-drawn coach and strolled by foot to the capital from his boarding house


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with its rustic setting, Washington lent itself admirably to the simplicity and frugality ofJefferson Republicans. It contrasted sharply with the elegant atmosphere of Federalist

Philadelphia, the former temporary capital

extending democratic principles to etiquette, attendees at Jeffersons official dinnersdid not seat by rank

Jefferson improve the to be an able politician, he was especially effective in the informalatmosphere of a dinner party where he wooed congregational representatives while

personally pouring and pouring wine and serving tasty dishes of his French cook

Jefferson had to rely on his personal charm denied the power to dispense patronage, the Democratic Republicans cannot build a

boreal political following group and relied on opposition to the Federalist hold them

together

with the Federalists gone this indeed proved to be a problemJefferson Restraint Helps to Further a Revolution

Jefferson was determined to undo the Federalist abuse be gotten by the anti-Frenchhysteria the alien and sedition acts has already expired and the president pardon all the best

serve sentences under the sedition act

Albert Gallatin proved to be as able as a secretary of treasure as Hamilton Gallatin agreed with Jefferson that a national debt was obeying rather than a blessing

and succeeded in reducing it substantially while balancing budgets

by shrewdly absorbing major Federalist programs, Jefferson showed better change theregime need not to be disastrous for the theater group

The Dead Clutch of the Judiciary the Federalist Judiciary Act of 1801 created 16 new federal judgeships and other judicial

offices. Pres. Adams remained at his desk until 9 oclock in the evening of his last day

supposedly signing the commissions of Federalist judges these judges are known as the

midnight judges

packing these lifetime posts with anti-Jeffersonian partisans was in Republican eyes abrazen attempt by the ousted party to secure itself in one of the three powerful

branches of government

Chief Justice John Marshall was appointed by Adams to Supreme Court although Marshalls formal legal schooling only lasted six weeks, he dominated the

Supreme Court with his powerful intellect and commanding personality

Marshall served that Valley Forge during the revolution suffering from cold and hunger.This made him realize the drawbacks of a feeble central authority and made him a

lifelong Federalist committed above all else to strengthen the power of the federal

government

Marshall decision regarding Marbury spurred the Jeffersonian to seek revenge.Jefferson urged the impeachment of an arrogant supreme court justice, Samuel Chase


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Impeachment charges against Chase were voted by the House of Representative but theSenate failed to gather enough votes to remove Chase

Jeffersons ill advisedattempt at judge breaking was a reassuring victory for theindependence of the judiciary and for the separation of powers among the three

branches of the federal government

The Pacifist Jefferson Turns Warrior

Jefferson distrusted large standing armies, he viewed them as an invitation todictatorship

Jefferson thereby reduce the military to a mere police force of 2500 officers the Navy was also shrunk significantly however harsh realities dealing with pirates raiding merchant ships forced Jefferson to

change his policies

it turns out it is more expensive to pay for protection rather than enforcing the safety ofmerchant ships within standing Navy

Tripoli became aggressive and Jefferson retaliated Jefferson constructed many hundred tiny gunboats which he believed although frail

their speed will prove valuable in guarding the American shores

Jeffersons Pinch Penny economy thing backfire badly won the war of 1812 broke out onthe whole swarm of gunboats proved virtually stainless. The money could have been

much more wisely invested in a few of the constitutional class warships

The Louisiana Godsend

a secret treaty signed in the 1800 gave Frace the immense trans-Mississippi region Thomas Jefferson, both the pacifist and anti-entanglement, was again on the griddle

Louisiana in the grip of Spain posed no real threat, America could see the territory whenthe time is ripe, the currently Louisiana is no higher Frist of Napoleons army is very

strong

hoping the acquired the clamor of the West, Jefferson moved decisively 1803: James Monroe and regular minister were sent to Paris to join forces with the

regular minister Robert R Livingston. They were instructed to buy New Orleans and as

much land to its east as they could for maximum of $10 million

if the proposals shall fail and the situation becomes critical, negotiations were to beopened with England for an alliance

at this critical juncture, Napoleon suddenly decided to sell all of Louisiana and abandonhis dream of a new world umpire

Napoleons decision was influenced by two factors: he is failed effort to Concord thesugar rich island of Santa Domingo, because the British controlled the seas, he feared

that he might be forced to make them a gift of Louisiana. Rather than letting America

into arms of England by attempting the holding area, he decided to sell the huge

wilderness to the Americans pocket the money for skiing near home

Napoleon hope that the United States, strengthened by Louisiana, will one day be amilitary and naval power that can afford the ambition of Lordy British in the New World


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Louisiana was sold to the United States for $15 million Jefferson privately proposed that a constitutional amendment to be passed after

hearing the news of Louisiana

Jefferson shamefacedly is submitted the treaties to the Senate while omitting hisassociates that the purchase was unconstitutional

the Senators were less think lead then Jefferson. Reflecting an enthusiastic publicsupport, they registered their prompt approval of the transaction

land hungry Americans are not eager to split constitutional hairs when confronted withperhaps the most magnificent real estate margin

Louisiana in the Long View

Jeffersons margin would Napoleon was magnificent, overnight he had avoided apossible rupture with France

1804: Jefferson sent his personal secretary Meriwether Lewis and a young Army officernamed William Clark T explored northern part of the Louisiana purchase

Lewis and Clarks 2 year expedition yielded a rich harvest of scientific observations,maps, knowledge of the Indians in the region the explorers also demonstrated the viability of Overland Trail to the Pacific the Louisiana godsend also boosted national unity. Once proud Federalist, now merely

sectional list sync even lower in the public esteem

a few of their more extreme members attempted the plot with scheming Aaron Burr forthe secession of New England and New York but Alexander Hamilton found out

Hamilton provoked Burr to a duel but Hamilton was killed Burr was arrested and tried but found innocent

America: A Nutcracker Neutral Jefferson was triumphantly reelected in 1804 for two years of maritime United Statesthe number one neutral carrier since 1723

enjoy juicy commercial pickings

a setback came 1805 at the Battle of Trafalgar where Horatio Lord Nelson smashedcombined Spanish and French fleets ensuring Britain superiority on the sea

Britain and France tried to cripple each others economy by blockading ports andAmerica was caught in the cross fire

Captured American seamen were also forced to serve on the British navyJeffersons Backfiring Embargo

national honor will not permit a slavish submission to the British and the Frenchmistreatment

the Army of the United States was very weak and a defeat will not be good since the warring nations in Europe depended heavily upon United States for raw

material, Jefferson reason that America should voluntarily cut off its exports

embargo act was passed in 1807: this rigorous law forbade the exporter of all goodsfrom the United States whether in America or in foreign ships


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the embargo act whether was a compromise between submission and shooting the embargo acts hurt America more than hurt Britain and France Embargo also called Ograbme an alarmed Congress, yielding to the storm of public anger, finally repealed embargo

and was replaced by a half loaf substitute called the nonintercourse act

the nonintercourse act formally reopen trade with all nations of the world except forthe two most important, England and France

a crestfallen Jefferson himself admitted that the embargo was three times more costlythan more

he could have built a fairly strong Navy and such a fighting force would have one morerespect for American rights on the high seas and might well have prevented war of 1812

Madison: Dupe of Napoleon

James Madison put the presidential oath on March 4, 1809 despite a distinguished career as a legislator, as president he fell tragically short of

providing vigorous executive leadership she was unable to dominate his party and crippled by factions within his cabinet the nonintercourse act would expire in about a year Macons Bill No. 2permit American trade with all of the world but if either France or

England repeal its commercial restriction American would resume nonimportation

against nonrepealing nations

Napoleon was eager to resume non-importation against British because it would serveas a partial blockade which he will not have to raise a finger to enforce

Napoleon, Prince Elias, had no intention whatever of repealing his damaging to increase but Madison, frantically seeking to wrest the recognition of American rise from England,

accepted French bad faith that the good faith once Madison had aligned his nation against England commercially, he found himself

gravitating towards France politicallyand edging towards a whirlpool of war

War Whoops Arouse the War Hawks

recent election had a swept away many of the odorous submission method and replacethem with young hotheads

the war Hawks won a free-trade ancillary rights as well as free land the proud, nationalistic Westerners were outraged by that man handling of American

sailors

if America cannot fight to protect itself, its experiment and republicanism will bediscredited in the eyes of a scoping world

Western war Hawks were especially eager to white palette dangerously renewed in giftthreat to pioneer settlers who were streaming steadily into West

Two remarkable Shawnee brothers, Tecumseh an the Porphet concluded that if thisonrush of white people were ever to be stopped, the time was now

their action was on last, desperate attempt to realize the dream of a large-scale panIndian alliance against the wife who had repeatedly eluded their ancestors


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they urged followers to give of textile clothing in exchange for traditional buckskingarments

white frontiers people and there were Hawks spokesman in Congress were convincedthat the British skull buyers in Canada were nourishing Indias growing strength

Mr. Madisons War the tempting prize of Canada also beckon from the north. American fondly, but wrongly,

believe that in Canada will be up certainly simple

Federalist condemned the war of 1812 because they oppose acquisition of Canadawhich will merely add more states on the wound Northwest. This, in turn, would

increase the voting strength of the Jeffersonian Republicans

The confidence spike after the war in the west is causing Americans to seek war inFlorida and Canada

American Pageant Ch. 11 – the Triumph and Travails of Jeffersonian Democracy

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