American History American History Chapter 26-2Chapter 26-2

Atomic AnxietyAtomic Anxiety

Hydrogen BombHydrogen Bomb: Power comes from fusing : Power comes from fusing atoms.atoms.

- Super bomb, 100s of times stronger than the A-bomb.- Super bomb, 100s of times stronger than the A-bomb.

THE FIRST HYDROGEN BOMB TEST

When detonated: November 1, 1952, Eniwetak Atoll, Marshall Islands

Amount of energy released: 10.4 megatons, equivalent to 10.4 million tons of TNT

Size of fireball: 3 miles in diameter

Height of mushroom cloud: more than 25 miles

The Super Bomb DebateThe Super Bomb Debate

Discuss the pros and cons of developing Discuss the pros and cons of developing the H-bomb following the use of the A-the H-bomb following the use of the A-bomb.bomb.

H-bomb Test FactsH-bomb Test Facts

1952 test destoyed one island leaving a 175’ 1952 test destoyed one island leaving a 175’ deep crater in the ocean floor.deep crater in the ocean floor.

1954 test in the Bikini Atoll was a thousand times 1954 test in the Bikini Atoll was a thousand times stronger than the Hiroshima bomb.stronger than the Hiroshima bomb.

- It destroyed 3 islands and affected almost 300 - It destroyed 3 islands and affected almost 300 people with radiation sickness, over 80 miles people with radiation sickness, over 80 miles away.away.

- Harmful radiation was still being detected in the - Harmful radiation was still being detected in the area 20 years later.area 20 years later.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NNcQX033V_M

Cold War Arms RaceCold War Arms Race

1953: Soviets detonate their 11953: Soviets detonate their 1stst H-bomb. H-bomb. U.S. & S.U. stockpile weapons.U.S. & S.U. stockpile weapons.

- - Review brinkmanship and massive retaliation.Review brinkmanship and massive retaliation.

Both countries increased their airforces.Both countries increased their airforces.

-- Long-range bombers, B52s, were built. Long-range bombers, B52s, were built.

- - Planes were spread throughout the world and Planes were spread throughout the world and constantly airbourne.constantly airbourne.

ICBMICBMs were developed in the late 50s.s were developed in the late 50s.

- Intercontinental ballistic missiles with nuclear - Intercontinental ballistic missiles with nuclear warheads capable of hitting targets thousands of warheads capable of hitting targets thousands of miles away.miles away.

ICBMsICBMs

Transporters, silos, and launch.Transporters, silos, and launch.

Weapons of Mass DestructionWeapons of Mass Destruction

Other Nuclear Advancements:Other Nuclear Advancements:

1954: U.S. launched the 11954: U.S. launched the 1stst nuclear powered sub. nuclear powered sub.

- - Could travel long distances without refueling.Could travel long distances without refueling.

-- Later fitted the subs with nuclear missiles. Later fitted the subs with nuclear missiles.

1957: Nuclear power plants began to provide 1957: Nuclear power plants began to provide electrical power to Americans.electrical power to Americans.

The Space Age BeginsThe Space Age Begins

1957: The Soviets launch 1957: The Soviets launch SputnikSputnik, the 1, the 1stst satellite. satellite.

- - Sputnik II carried a dog into orbit.Sputnik II carried a dog into orbit.

- Americans worried that the Soviets had surpassed us.- Americans worried that the Soviets had surpassed us.

U.S. Space Program and Civil U.S. Space Program and Civil DefenseDefense

NASANASA: National Aeronautics and Space : National Aeronautics and Space Administration began in 1958.Administration began in 1958.

Congress passed the Congress passed the National Defense National Defense Education ActEducation Act: Pumped millions of $ into : Pumped millions of $ into education.education.

The Federal Civil Defense Administration The Federal Civil Defense Administration provided public education about nuclear attack:provided public education about nuclear attack:

- - Booklets & videos.Booklets & videos.

- Air-raid sirens installed.- Air-raid sirens installed.

- Civil defense drills.- Civil defense drills.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=89od_W8lMtA

Building of Bomb SheltersBuilding of Bomb Shelters

The Military Industrial ComplexThe Military Industrial Complex Eisenhower warned of the dangers of creating a Eisenhower warned of the dangers of creating a

vast permanent arms industry.vast permanent arms industry. The potential of misplaced or abusive power.The potential of misplaced or abusive power.

May you learn well today!May you learn well today!